CN101766102B - Grafting and tree form reshaping method of three-branch inarching of closed apple orchard - Google Patents
Grafting and tree form reshaping method of three-branch inarching of closed apple orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN101766102B CN101766102B CN2010101217703A CN201010121770A CN101766102B CN 101766102 B CN101766102 B CN 101766102B CN 2010101217703 A CN2010101217703 A CN 2010101217703A CN 201010121770 A CN201010121770 A CN 201010121770A CN 101766102 B CN101766102 B CN 101766102B
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Abstract
The invention relates to technology to transform a closed apple orchard through the combination of grafting and tree form reshaping and discloses a grafting and tree form reshaping method of three-branch inarching of the closed apple orchard. Three-branch grafting is carried out at the root of a fruit tree, three scions are grafted at the subcutaneous section and comprise one long scion and two short scions; after the grafted branch buds, the central tree trunk is formed through three-branch inarching, the height of the tree in the current year can reach up to about 2.5m, and the formed central tree trunk can be pruned according to different requirements of the tree form to be reshaped from the next year, thereby realizing improvement of fruit tree breed and fruit tree form in a short period of time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the renovation technique field in apple closing garden, relate to grafting and combine the technology of transforming apple closing garden with tree form reshaping, three graftings of being abutted against in particularly a kind of apple closing garden and tree form reshaping method.
Background technology
The apple orchard that China planted after the nineties, ubiquity Qiaoization planting density is excessive, in the ranks intersect between joint, strain, the bad defective of colony's ventilation and penetrating light.The interstock in short anvil orchard all buries, and downgrades to become Qiaoization.The tree-like apolegamy in dense planting garden is improper, and shaping technique is lack of standardization, and tree crown is too high, excessive, and individual ventilation and penetrating light is relatively poor; The tree body structure is unreasonable, and it is inharmonious grow, and trunk is low, in do carefully, the dried advantage of central authorities leader is not obvious; Branch or branch group multiaxis extend, the hat width of cloth is big, and setting fruit position moves outward; Bough is many, and angle is less than normal and sturdy, and sprig is few and thin and delicate, skewness; Vegetative shoot and fruit bearing shoot are out of proportion.Cause apple closing garden to have following defective thus: illumination is poor, Cheng Huanan, as a result evening, poor quality, damage by disease and insect serious, field operational administrative inconvenience, production cost increases, benefit glides.Therefore, transform very necessity of apple closing garden.
China's apple closing garden transformation is at present main promotes interlacing, every strain intermediate cutting and promotion, the head that falls, happy technology.But these technology are easy to generate apple valsa canker, and can not solve orchard illumination problem for a long time, and the orchard can produce closing again after several years, transform once more again, produce very big improvement cost.
It is a kind of simple, economy, effective measures that the grafting of apple closing garden is changed that kind and tree-like transformation combine.China carries out high-grafting by the high-order bit grafting for a long time, generally carries out the bull grafting from ground 1～2m.But the closing garden tree crown of Chu Liing is excessive like this, can not solve orchard illumination problem, and a large amount of easily rot that takes place.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention solves is to provide three graftings of being abutted against and the tree form reshaping method in a kind of apple closing garden, can effectively solve the defective in closing garden, realizes the renewal of kind and tree-like transformation, just can realize new garden large result on the 4th year after transformation.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Three graftings of being abutted against in a kind of apple closing garden and tree form reshaping method may further comprise the steps:
1) after spring, resin began to flow, smooth from the trunk of distance ground 20～30cm, the central authorities leader who amputates apple tree in the closing garden to be transformed does, and the hair stubble of section is wipeed off;
2) radian of each interval 120 degree on section, three scion of subcutaneous grafting, three scion comprise a long scion and two short circuit fringes, and long scion goes out 5～20cm than short circuit spike length; With scion closely wrapping at the section interface, then that section is tight and tighten with the wrapping membrane cover, give earthing on the grafting section again, and expose native face on 3 scion;
3) wait to sprout branch out after, tie up the sprouting branch of holding up long scion to send and make its vertical growth, when the scion sprouting branch of all the other two weak points reaches 25～30cm, from 12～15cm cutting back, the secondary branch that sends for the cutting back place, each short fringe respectively keeps a secondary branch allows its growth, other the secondary branch of erasing;
4) in June, remove the wrapping film of grafting section, wrap tight grafting section once more with mud then, and tie up with the bamboo bar and to hold up the young sprout that sends;
5) in August, do as central authorities to grow the young sprout that scion sends, will be retained in the secondary branch that sends on two short circuit fringes, abut against central authorities respectively and do to go up and form the leg-of-mutton tree body of base portion, and set film and tighten and be abutted against mouth with connecing;
6) since August every 20 days, spray foliage fertilizer continuously 3 times; Before fallen leaves, remove then and be abutted against the wrapping film at position according to the grafting healing state;
7) in the winter time, the branch that sends between do going up central authorities from ground to 80cm all removes, and 80cm is removed with the branch that base diameter in the middle of the branch that sends of upper part surpasses with the dried diameter 1/4 of position central authorities, keeps other branches;
8) after grafting is finished,, select improved tree-like the pruning according to the orchard planting density since 1 year.
Described closing garden is every mu of above closing garden of 50 strains of planting of Qiaoization of life in 10～15 years, every mu of closing garden that 80 strains are above and interstock all buries of planting of perhaps short anvil.
Described scion comes from the branch on the following kind bearing-age tree, and wherein, early medium variety comprises that rattan herds No. 1, Qin Yang, gold century, Li Gala, rich red morning loud, high-pitched sound and No. 3, Shan loud, high-pitched sound; Middle-late ripening variety comprises early rich, the deep preceding Fuji of beautiful China, Qiu Hongga and Fuji in August; Rich No. 6 of short rich, the Shan of late variety comprises 2001 Fuji apples, rock rich No. 10, rich No. 6 of cigarette, Liquan rich No. 3 and Shan.
The length of described long scion is 20～30cm, and the length of short circuit fringe is 10～15cm.
Select according to the orchard planting density improvedly tree-likely to be:
Planting more than 100 strains for every mu in short anvil orchard, transforms the tree-like high spindle that becomes; Every mu of 80～100 strains of planting in short anvil orchard, transform tree-like become slender spindle-shaped; Planting below 80 strains for every mu in short anvil orchard, transforms the tree-like free spindle that becomes;
Planting more than 50 strains for every mu in Qiaoization orchard, transforms the tree-like free spindle that becomes; The every mu of tree-like improvement spindle that becomes of the following transformation of 50 strains of planting in Qiaoization orchard.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial technical effects:
After the present invention adopts three to be abutted against graft technology, eliminate the rot section that original central authorities do, equaled to treat the rot of apple tree; And combine by kind is regenerated and changed shape, both realized the needs of development new varieties, again to original tree-like the transformation, solved the airtight and bad problem of ventilation and penetrating light in orchard, kill two birds with one stone.
The present invention can improve speed of wound healing like this by in three scion of section grafting, and the sprouting branch of three scion is close together, the triangle tree body of formation, and because leg-of-mutton stability principle, and the new tree of formation is difficult for being flown to blow splits and lodges; In addition, adopt three and be abutted against, the new tree growth of formation is vigorous, is convenient to the sprouting of side shoot bar, helps follow-up tree-like cultivation.It is strong to set the body bearing capacity after the experimental observation after grafting for many years, grafting, and fruit quality is good;
After grafting was finished, the tree crown recovery capability was strong, and the shoot growth amount is big, the height of tree can reach about 2.5 meters then, just can prune according to the tree-like requirement of difference the central authorities that form are dried, so that the formation in novel orchard from 1 year according to the tree-like needs of desire modification;
The present invention adopts the technology of grafting to realize that the improvement and the tree-like transformation of fruit variety combine, and makes to realize fruit variety, the tree-like precocity fruiting of fruit tree in the short period of time.Can have on a small quantity in the 2nd year and to yield positive results, per mu yield reached 300 kilograms in the 3rd year, and per mu yield can reach 1500 kilograms in the 4th year, and per mu yield can reach 2500 kilograms in the 5th year.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is three grafting schematic diagrames of the present invention;
Wherein, 1 is that central authorities do, and 2 is section, and 3 are long scion, and 4 is the short circuit fringe.
Embodiment
The invention discloses three graftings of being abutted against and the tree form reshaping method in a kind of apple closing garden, by the fruit tree base portion being carried out three graftings, form stable tree body and tree-like, the height of tree can reach about 2.5 meters then, just can prune by the tree-like requirement of difference the central authorities that form are dried from 1 year according to the tree-like needs of desire modification.Below in conjunction with concrete embodiment the present invention is elaborated, the explanation of the invention is not limited.
At the closing garden of transforming be: every mu of above closing garden of 50 strains of planting of Qiaoization of life in 10～15 years, every mu of closing garden that 80 strains are above and interstock all buries of planting of perhaps short anvil; Find that the branch handing-over is serious, illumination condition is poor, and the farm work difficulty must be carried out tree-like transformation to this class orchard.
Scion variety is selected:
The scion that grafting is selected for use should derive from the branch on the present development kind bearing-age tree, and the selected scion of grafting has determined the kind after the grafting, so different regions, can be selected the kind in different maturing stages because of the difference of weather conditions.
Wherein, medium variety morning of suitable development comprises: rattan is herded No. 3, No. 1, Qin Yang, gold century, Li Gala, rich red morning loud, high-pitched sound, Shan loud, high-pitched sound etc.;
Middle-late ripening variety comprises: before beautiful China is early rich, deep Fuji, Qiu Hongga, August Fuji etc.;
Late variety is mainly Fuji apple's major clique, specifically comprises: 2001 Fuji apples, rich No. 10 of rock, rich No. 6 of cigarette, the short richness of Liquan, rich No. 3 of Shan, rich No. 6 of Shan.
Three of apple closing garden are abutted against grafting and tree form reshaping method, specifically may further comprise the steps, and concrete grafting schematic diagram is referring to Fig. 1:
1) after spring, resin began to flow, smooth from the trunk of distance ground 20～30cm, the central authorities that amputate apple tree in the closing garden to be transformed do 1, and the hair stubble of section 2 is wipeed off;
2) radian of each interval 120 degree on section 2, three scion of subcutaneous grafting, three scion comprise a long scion 3 and two short circuit fringes 4, long scion 3 grows 5～20cm than short circuit fringe 4, scion is closely wrapped up at the section interface, then that section is tight and tighten with the wrapping membrane cover, give earthing 10cm on the grafting section again, and native face is exposed in three scion upper ends;
3) wait to sprout branch out after, tie up the sprouting branch of holding up long scion to send and make its vertical growth, when all the other two short circuit fringes are sprouted branch and reached 25～30cm, from 12～15cm cutting back, for the secondary branch that the cutting back place sends, each short fringe respectively keeps a secondary branch allows its growth, other the secondary branch of erasing;
4) in June, remove the wrapping film of grafting section, wrap tight grafting section once more with mud then, and tie up with the bamboo bar and to hold up the young sprout that sends;
5) in August, do as central authorities to grow the young sprout that scion sends, will be retained in the secondary branch that sends on two short circuit fringes, abut against central authorities respectively and do to go up and form the leg-of-mutton tree body of base portion, and set film and tighten and be abutted against mouth with connecing;
6) since August every 20 days, spray 3 foliage fertilizers (amino acid, fulvic acid, Si Dekaopu etc.) continuously; Before fallen leaves, remove the wrapping film that is abutted against mouth then according to the grafting healing state;
7) in the winter time, the branch that central authorities are done below the 80cm that goes up growth all removes, and 80cm is pruned according to the base diameter rugosity with the branch that sends of upper part, removes the base portion rugosity and surpasses the branch of doing rugosity 1/4 with position central authorities, keeps other branches;
8) after grafting is finished,, select improved tree-like the pruning according to the orchard planting density since 1 year.
Describedly select improved tree-likely according to the orchard planting density, be specially:
Planting more than 100 strains for every mu in short anvil orchard, transforms the tree-like high spindle that becomes; Every mu of 80～100 strains of planting in short anvil orchard, transform tree-like become slender spindle-shaped; Planting below 80 strains for every mu in short anvil orchard, transforms the tree-like free spindle that becomes;
Planting more than 50 strains for every mu in Qiaoization orchard, transforms the tree-like free spindle that becomes; The every mu of tree-like improvement spindle that becomes of the following transformation of 50 strains of planting in Qiaoization orchard;
And slender spindle-shaped, free spindle, the improvement fusiform concrete pruning can carry out with reference to the trim mode in the middle of the prior art.The present invention can realize fruit variety, the tree-like improvement of fruit tree in the short period of time: the height of tree can reach about 2.5 meters then, can have on a small quantity in the 2nd year and to yield positive results, per mu yield reached 300 kilograms in the 3rd year, and per mu yield can reach 1500 kilograms in the 4th year, and per mu yield can reach 2500 kilograms in the 5th year.
Claims (4)
1. three of apple closing garden grafting and the tree form reshaping methods by transferring is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) after spring, resin began to flow, smooth from the trunk of distance ground 20～30cm, the central authorities leader who amputates apple tree in the closing garden to be transformed does, and the hair stubble of section is wipeed off;
2) radian of each interval 120 degree on section, three scion of subcutaneous grafting, three scion comprise a long scion and two short circuit fringes, and long scion goes out 5～20cm than short circuit spike length; With scion closely wrapping at the section interface, then that section is tight and tighten with the wrapping membrane cover, give earthing on the grafting section again, and expose native face on 3 scion;
3) wait to sprout branch out after, tie up the sprouting branch of holding up long scion to send and make its vertical growth, when the scion sprouting branch of all the other two weak points reaches 25～30cm, from 12～15cm cutting back, the secondary branch that sends for the cutting back place, each short fringe respectively keeps a secondary branch allows its growth, other the secondary branch of erasing;
4) in June, remove the wrapping film of grafting section, wrap tight grafting section once more with mud then, and tie up with the bamboo bar and to hold up the young sprout that sends;
5) in August, do as central authorities to grow the young sprout that scion sends, will be retained in the secondary branch that sends on two short circuit fringes, abut against central authorities respectively and do to go up and form the leg-of-mutton tree body of base portion, and set film and tighten and be abutted against mouth with connecing;
6) since August every 20 days, spray foliage fertilizer continuously 3 times; Before fallen leaves, remove then and be abutted against the wrapping film at position according to the grafting healing state;
7) in the winter time, the branch that sends between do going up central authorities from ground to 80cm all removes, and 80cm is removed with the branch that base diameter in the middle of the branch that sends of upper part surpasses with the dried diameter 1/4 of position central authorities, keeps other branches;
8) after grafting is finished,, select improved tree-like the pruning according to the orchard planting density since 1 year:
Planting more than 100 strains for every mu in short anvil orchard, transforms the tree-like high spindle that becomes; Every mu of 80～100 strains of planting in short anvil orchard, transform tree-like become slender spindle-shaped; Planting below 80 strains for every mu in short anvil orchard, transforms the tree-like free spindle that becomes;
Planting more than 50 strains for every mu in Qiaoization orchard, transforms the tree-like free spindle that becomes; The every mu of tree-like improvement spindle that becomes of the following transformation of 50 strains of planting in Qiaoization orchard.
2. three graftings of being abutted against in apple closing as claimed in claim 1 garden and the tree-like shape method that changes, it is characterized in that, described closing garden is every mu of above closing garden of 50 strains of planting of Qiaoization of life in 10～15 years, every mu of closing garden that 80 strains are above and interstock all buries of planting of perhaps short anvil.
3. three graftings of being abutted against in apple closing as claimed in claim 1 garden and tree form reshaping method, it is characterized in that, described scion comes from the branch on the following kind bearing-age tree, and wherein, early medium variety comprises that rattan herds No. 1, Qin Yang, gold century, Li Gala, rich red morning loud, high-pitched sound and No. 3, Shan loud, high-pitched sound; Middle-late ripening variety comprises early rich, the deep preceding Fuji of beautiful China, Qiu Hongga and Fuji in August; Rich No. 6 of short rich, the Shan of late variety comprises 2001 Fuji apples, rock rich No. 10, rich No. 6 of cigarette, Liquan rich No. 3 and Shan.
4. three graftings of being abutted against in apple closing as claimed in claim 1 garden and tree form reshaping method is characterized in that the length of described long scion is 20～30cm, and the length of short circuit fringe is 10～15cm.
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| CN103081724A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-05-08 | 西北农林科技大学 | Persimmon tree grafting method |
| CN103120098B (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-07-23 | 河南科技大学 | Grafting method capable of rapidly fixing incomplete crown of fruit tree |
| CN104067896B (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2018-03-27 | 江西农业大学 | A kind of tree-like construction method of citrus fruit trees center guiding branch high yield |
| CN104429634B (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-07-27 | 广西大学 | One planting fruit-trees three bud grafting |
| CN104472297B (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-08-17 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of Y word Salix babylonica L. shape apple tree form and pruning method thereof |
| CN104472303A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-01 | 西北农林科技大学 | Crown-closure apple orchard improvement method |
| CN105123376A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-12-09 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Rapid manufacturing method for a bonsai of a fruit tree with fruit |
| CN108811834A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-11-16 | 浠婚缚 | A kind of jujube tree Gao Guan changes head and helps a method |
| CN108575530A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-09-28 | 浠婚缚 | A kind of jujube tree reshaping implantation methods |
| CN111466216B (en) * | 2020-04-19 | 2022-04-22 | 庆城县丰泰果业专业合作社 | Multi-branch inarching one-time forming method for intercropping transformation of sealed apple orchard |
| CN111527973B (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2022-01-18 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for improving closed garden of vigorous apples |
| CN112243716A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-22 | 张康峰 | Method for inarching twigs of high-grafting variety of apple tree and forming tree shape |
| CN115399152A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-11-29 | 河北省林业和草原科学研究院 | Fruit tree grafting cultivation method |
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| CN101268748A (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2008-09-24 | 杨聚德 | Spindle assembly shaped trimming method for standard size apple |
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