CN101739052A - 一种与电源无关的电流参考源 - Google Patents

一种与电源无关的电流参考源 Download PDF

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CN101739052A
CN101739052A CN200910216375A CN200910216375A CN101739052A CN 101739052 A CN101739052 A CN 101739052A CN 200910216375 A CN200910216375 A CN 200910216375A CN 200910216375 A CN200910216375 A CN 200910216375A CN 101739052 A CN101739052 A CN 101739052A
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刘辉
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Xinjiang Xintuan Technology Group Co ltd
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IPGoal Microelectronics Sichuan Co Ltd
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    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F3/00Non-retroactive systems for regulating electric variables by using an uncontrolled element, or an uncontrolled combination of elements, such element or such combination having self-regulating properties
    • G05F3/02Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F3/08Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc
    • G05F3/10Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics
    • G05F3/16Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices
    • G05F3/20Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using diode- transistor combinations
    • G05F3/24Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using diode- transistor combinations wherein the transistors are of the field-effect type only
    • G05F3/242Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using diode- transistor combinations wherein the transistors are of the field-effect type only with compensation for device parameters, e.g. channel width modulation, threshold voltage, processing, or external variations, e.g. temperature, loading, supply voltage

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种与电源无关的电流参考源,用于产生一种与电源无关的电流参考源,其电路结构至少包括一个电阻Rs和四个场效应管M1、M2、M3、M4形成的镜像电路,在镜像电路外还设置有一条镜像的电流支路,该支路的电流流入电阻RS;本发明是对传统的与电源无关电流参考源电路进行了修改,推导出的电流公式多了一个可调变量,这样,让决定参考电流的因素多了一个,设计起来更加自由;尤其值得关注的是在需要很小参考电流的情况下,运用此公式可知,不用增加NMOS的宽长比和电阻阻值,就可以在增加一个电流镜像支路的情况下轻松获得。

Description

一种与电源无关的电流参考源
技术领域
本发明属于芯片设计领域,尤其在设计电流参考源时,可用以灵活调节各个相关参数值的一种新型与电源无关的电流参考源。
背景技术
目前的电压无关电流源电路常采用的电路技术都是Behzad Razavi所著的《模拟cmos集成电路设计》中第11章图11.3表示的电路(如图1所示),以及相关的电流公式为:
Figure G2009102163750D0000011
以上电路结构推导出的电流表达式说明:为了获得很小的偏置电流,则需要把NMOS的宽长比增大,或者把电阻增大。增大NMOS的宽长比则意味着M1、M2的面积都得大大增加,或者大大增加电阻阻值,都意味着芯片面积的增加,这样就相应地意味着芯片产量的减小和成本的增加。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供了一种新型与电源无关的电流参考源,可以在获得很小偏置电流的情况下,让NMOS的面积不会改变,让电阻的面积也不会增加很多。
本发明的技术实施方案如下:
一种与电源无关的电流参考源,其特征在于:用于产生一种与电源无关的电流参考源,其电路结构为:
至少包括一个电阻Rs和四个场效应管M1、M2、M3、M4形成的镜像电路,所述M1、M2为NMOS管,M3、M4为PMOS管;所述M3镜像的电流到M4,M3、M4的源极连接电源,M3、M4的漏极分别与M2、M1的漏极连接,M1的漏极、栅极与M2的栅极相连接,形成镜像的结构;
M1的源极接地,M2的源极连接电阻Rs,Rs另一端连接地;
所述镜像电路外还设置有一条镜像的电流支路,至少一个场效应管M5组成,由M3将电流镜像到M5,M5为PMOS管;M5的源极连接电源,M5的栅极与M3、M4的栅极连接,M5的漏极连接到M2的源极,这样,多了一个支路的电流流入电阻RS。
把M3的电流镜像到M5,把镜像放大了M倍(M的取值可以根据电流表达式灵活选取,但一般在几百以内)的电流注入电阻Rs,因此电流表达式为:
Figure G2009102163750D0000021
与Behzad Razavi所推导的
Figure G2009102163750D0000022
比较,明显可以看出基于本发明的电流表达式在分母上多了一个M参数,这个参数就是M3电流镜像到M5的相关倍数系数。这样,输出参考电流就不只是由宽长比和电阻决定,参数M也可以参与决定输出参考电流。在需要很小参考电流时,M的增加就避免了宽长比的增加或电阻的增加了。或者说可以在NMOS宽长比、电阻和M值之间灵活调节,获得一个更好的平衡,实现需要的参考电流。
简单地说,就是电流表达式多了一个可调参数,让决定电流的可调自由度更大,设计自由更大。
本发明的优点如下:
本发明是对传统的与电源无关电流参考源电路进行了修改,推导出的电流公式多了一个可调变量,这样,让决定参考电流的因素多了一个,设计起来更加自由;尤其值得关注的是在需要很小参考电流的情况下,运用此公式可知,不用增加NMOS的宽长比和电阻阻值,就可以在增加一个电流镜像支路的情况下轻松获得。
附图说明
图1为传统的与电压无关电流源电路结构示意图
图2为本发明的结构示意图
图3为本发明的实施示意图
具体实施方式
如图2所示,一种与电源无关的电流参考源,用于产生一种与电源无关的电流参考源,其电路结构为:
至少包括一个电阻Rs和四个场效应管M1、M2、M3、M4形成的镜像电路,所述M1、M2为NMOS管,M3、M4为PMOS管;所述M3镜像的电流到M4,M3、M4的源极连接电源,M3、M4的漏极分别与M2、M1的漏极连接,M1的漏极、栅极与M2的栅极相连接,形成镜像的结构;
M1的源极接地,M2的源极连接电阻Rs,Rs另一端连接地;
所述镜像电路外还设置有一条镜像的电流支路,至少一个场效应管M5组成,由M3将电流镜像到M5,M5为PMOS管;M5的源极连接电源,M5的栅极与M3、M4的栅极连接,M5的漏极连接到M2的源极,这样,多了一个支路的电流流入电阻RS。
把M3的电流镜像到M5,把镜像放大了M倍(M的取值可以根据电流表达式灵活选取,但一般在几百以内)的电流注入电阻Rs。参考Behzad Razavi所著的经典教材《模拟cmos集成电路设计》中第11章图11.3表示的与电压无关电流源电路图以及式(11.4)所表达的电流的公式:
Figure G2009102163750D0000031
的推导过程,本技术方案所涉及公式的推导如下:
2 * I out μ n C ox ( W / L ) N + V TH 1 = 2 * I out μ n C ox K ( W / L ) N + V TH 2 + I out ( 1 + M ) R S - - - ( 1 )
忽略体效应,有:
2 * I out μ n C ox ( W / L ) N ( 1 - 1 K ) = I out ( 1 + M ) R S - - - ( 2 )
因此电流表达式为:
I out = 2 μ n C ox ( W / L ) N ( 1 - 1 K ) 2 1 [ ( 1 + M ) R S ] 2 - - - ( 3 )
与Behzad Razavi所推导的比较,明显可以看出基于本发明的电流表达式在分母上多了一个M参数,这个参数就是M3电流镜像到M5的相关倍数系数。这样,输出参考电流就不只是由宽长比和电阻决定,参数M也可以参与决定输出参考电流。在需要很小参考电流时,M的增加就避免了宽长比的增加或电阻的增加了。或者说可以在NMOS宽长比、电阻和M值之间灵活调节,获得一个更好的平衡,实现需要的参考电流。
简单地说,就是电流表达式多了一个可调参数,让决定电流的可调自由度更大,设计自由更大。
当为了解决电阻工艺偏差带来的参考电流偏差,可以选择如图3所示的电路结构形式解决这问题,即用三个电阻,这三个电阻分别对应当电阻corner为tt、ff、ss时的情况。中测时根据测试结果来决定哪个电阻接地,这时其他两个电阻则悬空。这个结构带来的问题就是电阻有三个,可能占的芯片版图面积比较大,这时,利用本发明的技术,就可以有效减小电阻阻值,避免在芯片版图面积上付出多余的代价。

Claims (2)

1.一种与电源无关的电流参考源,其特征在于:用于产生一种与电源无关的电流参考源,其电路结构为:
至少包括一个电阻Rs和四个场效应管M1、M2、M3、M4形成的镜像电路,所述M1、M2为NMOS管,M3、M4为PMOS管;所述M3镜像的电流到M4,M3、M4的源极连接电源,M3、M4的漏极分别与M2、M1的漏极连接,M1的漏极、栅极与M2的栅极相连接,形成镜像的结构;
M1的源极接地,M2的源极连接电阻Rs,Rs另一端连接地;
所述镜像电路外还设置有一条镜像的电流支路,至少一个场效应管M5组成,由M3将电流镜像到M5,M5为PMOS管;M5的源极连接电源,M5的栅极与M3、M4的栅极连接,M5的漏极连接到M2的源极,该支路的电流流入电阻RS。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种与电源无关的电流参考源,其特征在于:M3的电流镜像到M5,把镜像放大了M倍的电流注入电阻Rs,因此电流表达式为:
Figure F2009102163750C0000011
其中M的取值根据电流表达式中的各个参数匹配选取。
CN2009102163750A 2009-11-26 2009-11-26 一种与电源无关的电流参考源 Expired - Fee Related CN101739052B (zh)

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