CN101721720B - 硝咪唑-氨基酸化合型核素乏氧造影剂及其前体 - Google Patents
硝咪唑-氨基酸化合型核素乏氧造影剂及其前体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101721720B CN101721720B CN2008102018979A CN200810201897A CN101721720B CN 101721720 B CN101721720 B CN 101721720B CN 2008102018979 A CN2008102018979 A CN 2008102018979A CN 200810201897 A CN200810201897 A CN 200810201897A CN 101721720 B CN101721720 B CN 101721720B
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- aspartic acid
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- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种硝咪唑-氨基酸化合型核素乏氧造影剂。该造影剂为硝咪唑-氨基酸化合型,其前体为1-(2-氨乙基)-2-甲基-5-硝咪唑或其衍生物与氨基酸连接构成,以该化合物作为配体,与核素形成配合物得到核素乏氧造影剂。本发明的核素乏氧造影剂可用于制备脑血栓、肿瘤或其它乏氧病灶如溃疡、血栓塞等影像造影剂。本发明造影剂的制备工艺简单、使用方便,有较大的临床应用价值。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及医用核素造影剂,具体涉及硝咪唑-氨基酸化合型核素乏氧造影剂及其前体。
背景技术:
肿瘤已成为危害人体健康的主要元凶之一,恶性肿瘤的治疗常需手术,化学药物或放射治疗等方式。而对于恶性肿瘤的治疗,病人受到的影响很大,在治疗过程中,不仅要杀灭肿瘤细胞,还会对正常细胞有不同程度的杀伤,导致患者精神痛苦和体力下降等后果。因此,人们期望能早期发现和早期诊断肿瘤,致使肿瘤细胞在萌生之时即被杀灭,给患者带来新生。科学家们早就研究发现恶性肿瘤存在乏氧细胞,可以通过检测细胞内的氧状况来诊断恶性肿瘤。曾有报道用氧电极测定法进行检测,但该方法要用于人体细胞还存在一些问题,因而受到了限制。近些年来,核医学技术已用于肿瘤乏氧细胞的检测,核医学技术是利用乏氧造影剂,使其能选择性地滞留在乏氧细胞中,通过显像技术探测细胞的乏氧情况,从而发现和诊断恶性肿瘤。硝咪唑或其衍生物作为放射增敏剂,其在细胞内的代谢取决于细胞中可利用的氧量,因此,可用放射性标记该类化合物,用于乏氧细胞的显像。目前有关核医学技术的研究已成为放射医学的热点,而乏氧造影剂同样受到关注。例如18FMISO、99mTc-HL91等是较多用于临床显像研究的乏氧造影剂,但是,它们存在肿瘤绝对摄取值不高或显像时间间隔较长,18F价格昂贵等缺陷。因此,寻找有效的造影剂是研究的方向。
发明内容:
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服上述不足之处,研究设计硝咪唑或其衍生物乏氧细胞的靶向造影剂。
本发明提供了一种硝咪唑—氨基酸化合型核素乏氧造影剂。
该造影剂的构成为:硝咪唑—氨基酸和螯合带正电荷的放射性核素。
本发明另一目的是提供了硝咪唑-氨基酸化合型核素乏氧造影剂的前体,它由1-(2-氨乙基)-2-甲基-5-硝咪唑或其衍生物与氨基酸经化合键连接构成(式1)
式1.
以该化合物作为配体,与核素形成配合物可以得到核素乏氧造影剂。
该化合物中的硝咪唑部分具有乏氧靶向作用,其机理是硝咪唑分子上的R-NO2在乏氧细胞内被细胞内硝基还原酶(nitroreductase)转变成R-NH2(图1),由于乏氧细胞内这种特殊的生化反应,使本类造影剂能蓄积于乏氧细胞内。本发明中造影剂分子中的氨基酸部分有带负电荷的游离羧酸(R-COO-)和氨基(-NH2),能容易地螯合带正电荷的放射性核素,使本类造影剂具有放射性,并通过追踪放射性核素,获得乏氧病灶及肿瘤影像。
本发明的造影剂对肿瘤具有双重靶向造影作用:1.肿瘤细胞的迅速增长,导致肿瘤髓质部分缺乏血供及氧分,形成乏氧和坏死组织,由于肿瘤中乏氧组织的存在,本发明造影剂可以用于肿瘤造影;2.正常细胞能够自己合成对生长必要的天冬酰胺,肿瘤细胞自己不能合成,必须依赖宿主供给,而本发明造影剂分子中含有天冬酰胺,也可以用于肿瘤造影。
本发明的造影剂是新的乏氧病灶靶向造影剂。该类造影剂能螯合临床上普遍应用的放射性核素如锝(99mTc)、铟(113mIn)等,经体内注射,能使放射性核素靶向地蓄积于乏氧(Hypoxia)病灶的组织和细胞,通过SPECT(ECT)或γ-照像机可以追踪到乏氧病灶,并经计算机数据处理可得到清晰的乏氧病灶影像,从而让医生能准确诊断出乏氧病灶的部位、大小及程度。在医学上乏氧病灶是指人体局部组织缺乏血供和氧分,导致局部组织、细胞坏死的病灶(如脑血栓、肿瘤及其它血栓等)。
本发明造影剂前体所述的硝咪唑衍生物如下式结构(式2):
式2.硝咪唑的化学衍生物
本发明的造影剂中所述的氨基酸为天冬氨酸(Aspartic acid,Asp)、谷氨酸(Glutamic acid,Glu)、天冬酰胺(Asparagine,Asn)、谷氨酰胺(Glutamine,Gln)、甘氨酸(Glycine,Gly)、丝氨酸(Serine,Ser)、赖氨酸(Lysine,Lys)、半胱氨酸(Cysteine,Cys)、胱氨酸(Cystine,(Cys)2)或精氨酸(Arginine,Arg),以上10种氨基酸D或L型均可。
本发明造影剂中所述硝咪唑或其衍生物与硝咪唑、或硝咪唑衍生物相连接的氨基酸可以是1~15个氨基酸,氨基酸可以是串联连接(式3)或并联连接(式4),也可以是串联和并联共存式连接(式5),连接的氨基酸可以是单一氨基酸排列(式6)、交叉氨基酸排列(式7),或随机氨基酸排列(式8)。
由于天冬氨酸和谷氨酸均为双羧酸氨基酸,与硝咪唑或硝咪唑衍生物相连接或与另一个氨基酸相连接,可以与α羧酸连接,也可以与β、γ羧酸连接(式9)。
式3.氨基酸(2-15个)串联连接示意
式4.氨基酸(2-15个)并联连接示意
式5.氨基酸(2-15个)串联和并联共存式连接示意
式6.单一氨基酸(例如:天冬氨酸Aspartic acid)排列连接示意
式7.两种氨基酸(例如:谷氨酸Glutamic acid和天冬氨酸Aspartic acid)交叉排列连接示意
式8.多种氨基酸随机排列连接示意
谷氨酸(Glutamic acid) 天冬氨酸(Aspartic acid)
式9.双羧酸氨基酸
本发明造影剂中所述放射性核素为:锝(99mTc)、铟(113mIn、111In)、碘(131I)、磷(32P)、汞(203Hg)、镓(67Ga、68Ga)、锶(85Sr)、铬(51Cr)、氙(133Xe)、铊(201T1)、氪(81mKr)、铷(86Rb)或铜(62Cu)。
本发明造影剂可以是单一分子内螯合放射性核素(式10),也可以是双分子间螯合放射性核素(式11)。
式10.分子内螯合放射性核素锝(99mTc)
式11.双分子间螯合放射性核素锝(99mTc)
本发明的又一目的是提供了硝咪唑-氨基酸化合型核素乏氧造影剂前体的制备方法。
本发明造影剂是由1-(2-氨乙基)-2-甲基-5-硝咪唑分子上的氨基(-NH2)与L-天冬氨酸分子上α羧酸(-COOH)脱去H2O分子形成酰胺(-CONH-)而成的小分子有机化合物(FW=285)(式12)。
天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑
式12.1-(2-L-天冬酰胺酰乙基)-2-甲基-5-硝咪唑(天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑)
反应式一
化合物3(天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑)
a.化合物1的合成:
2-(异丁氨基)-4-苯基-L-天冬氨酸酯(3-30mmol)溶于50-500ml无水二氯甲烷溶液,中依次加入三乙胺(3-30mmol),1-(2-乙氨基)-2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑(3-30mmol)和磷酸二乙氰(3-30mmol),在室温下,搅拌。加入50-500ml二氯甲烷到反应液中,反应液用100-120ml水洗涤,用无水MgSO4干燥。最后的产物通过硅胶柱分离流动相二氯甲烷和已醇,体积比为4:1,得到化合物1。
b.化合物2的合成:
溶解化合物1.(1-30mmol)在10-300ml无水二氯甲烷中,依次加入三乙胺(5-30mmol),和磷酸二乙氰(1-30mmol),然后在室温下搅拌12-18小时。加入50-500ml二氯甲烷到反应液中,反应液用100ml水洗涤,用无水MgSO4干燥。最后的产物通过硅胶柱分离(流动相为二氯甲烷和已醇,体积比为4:1),得到化合物2。
c.化合物3的合成:
溶解化合物2(1-30mmol)在1-300ml的三氟乙酸中,在室温下搅拌20-30分钟。除去过量的三氟乙酸,并加入少量(5-10ml)的己烷,除去微量的三氟乙酸,产物被溶解在水(10-300ml)中,然后调节pH到9,分离出的产物在水和乙醇(1:1)中重结晶得到化合物3。
本方法化学反应步骤简单,反应终产物(天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑)(图2、3、4)得率较高,纯化方法简便,粗制品(天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑)纯度可达到95%,螯合放射性核素后的放射纯度高(图5)。
本发明再有一个目的是提供了硝咪唑-氨基酸化合型核素乏氧造影剂在制备影象造影剂中的应用。
例如:(1)脑血栓它由脑血栓引起脑细胞缺氧及坏死,最后导致中风是中年以上人群的常见病。临床上它的早期诊断,及时发现病变争取得到治疗“窗口期”对患者的预后是至关重要的。临床上CT和核磁共振(MRI)对脑血栓和脑溢血的早期诊断是很困难的,并且这两种脑病变的临床治疗方法是不同的。本发明造影剂为功能性分子影像造影剂,故造影剂可以早期区别以上两种脑病变。本发明造影剂还可以用影像来追踪脑血栓治疗后的恢复状态。
(2)肿瘤肿瘤细胞的迅速增长,导致肿瘤髓质部分缺乏血供及氧分,形成乏氧和坏死组织。本类造影剂对肿瘤也有很好的特殊显像作用,并对肿瘤有高灵敏度的显像(可显示>1.5cm的肿瘤)。通过SPECT(ECT)可以得到3D肿瘤影像,这便于早期诊断出肿瘤的部位、大小和程度。同时,本发明造影剂还可以定期对肿瘤造影,用影像来追踪和评判肿瘤治疗效果,及肿瘤对治疗产生耐受性的程度。
本发明的硝咪唑-氨基酸化合型核素乏氧造影剂可用于脑血栓、肿瘤或其它乏氧病灶如溃疡、血栓塞等影像造影剂。
本发明的造影剂对肿瘤具有双重靶向造影作用:1.肿瘤细胞的迅速增长,导致肿瘤髓质部分缺乏血供及氧分,形成乏氧和坏死组织,由于肿瘤中乏氧组织的存在,本发明造影剂可以用于肿瘤造影;2.正常细胞能够自己合成对生长必要的天冬酰胺,肿瘤细胞不能自己合成,必须依赖宿主供给,而本发明造影剂分子中含有天冬酰胺,也可以用于肿瘤靶向追踪。
本发明的造影剂是新的乏氧病灶靶向追踪造影剂。本发明的硝咪唑-氨基酸化合型核素乏氧造影剂在临床应用时,该类造影剂能螯合临床上应用的放射性核素(如:锝(99mTc)、铟(113mIn)等),经体内注射,能使放射性核素靶向蓄积于乏氧(Hypoxia)病灶的组织和细胞,通过SPECT(ECT)或γ-照像机可以追踪到乏氧病灶,并经计算机数据处理可得到清晰的乏氧病灶影像,从而让医生能准确诊断出乏氧病灶的部位、大小及程度。在医学上乏氧病灶是指人体局部组织缺乏血供和氧分,导致局部组织、细胞坏死的病灶(如:脑血栓、肿瘤及其它血栓等)。
本发明制备工艺简单、使用方便,有较大的临床应用价值。
附图说明
图1在乏氧细胞内硝咪唑分子上的R-NO2被转变成R-NH2的示意图
图2反应终产物天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑的1H-NMR图谱
图3反应终产物天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑的13C-NMR图谱
图4反应终产物天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑的质谱(MS)
图599mTc-天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑的放射TLC扫描图
图6反应终产物天冬氨酸-天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑的1H-NMR图谱
图7反应终产物天冬氨酸-天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑的13C-NMR图谱
图8反应终产物天冬氨酸-天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑的质谱(MS)
图9反应终产物天冬氨酸-谷氨酸-甲硝咪唑的1H-NMR图谱
图10反应终产物天冬氨酸-谷氨酸-甲硝咪唑的13C-NMR图谱
图11反应终产物天冬氨酸-谷氨酸-甲硝咪唑的质谱(MS)
图12静脉注射核素造影剂后大鼠(腿上生乳腺癌)在γ-照机上的影像
99mTc-L-天冬氨酸(T/M=1.1) 99mTc-天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑(T/M=4.3)
99mTc-L-天冬氨酸(T/M=2.5) 99mTc-天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑(T/M=3.7)
图13静脉注射核素造影剂后大鼠(腿上生乳腺癌)在γ-照机上的影像
99mTc-L-天冬氨酸(T/M=2.2) 99mTc-天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑(T/M=4.3)
99mTc-L-天冬氨酸(T/M=1.5) 99mTc-天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑(T/M=4.1)
具体实施方式
实施例1
本造影剂是由1-(2-氨乙基)-2-甲基-5-硝咪唑分子上的氨基(-NH2)与L-天冬氨酸分子上α羧酸(-COOH)脱去H2O分子形成酰胺(-CONH-)而成的小分子有机化合物(FW=285)(式12)。其化学反应步骤(式13)简单,反应终产物(MNA)(图2、3、4)得率较高(73%),纯化方法简便,粗制品(天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑)纯度可达到95%,螯合放射性核素后的放射纯度高(图5)。
天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑
式12.1-(2-L-天冬酰胺酰乙基)-2-甲基-5-硝咪唑(天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑)
反应式一.
化合物3(天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑)
a.化合物1的合成:
在100ml的2-(异丁氨基)-4-苯基-L-天冬氨酸酯(3.2g,10.0mmol)的无水二氯甲烷溶液中依次加入4.2ml三乙胺(30.0mmol),1-(2-乙氨基)-2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑(2.6g,10.0mmol)和1.7毫升磷酸二乙氰(10.0mmol),然后在室温下,搅拌2小时.加入100ml二氯甲烷到反应液中,然后溶液被水洗涤二次(每次50-60ml),用无MgSO4干燥。最后的产物通过硅胶柱分离(流动项二氯甲烷和已醇,体积比为4:1)得到3.7g化合物1(产率为:80.6%)。
b.化合物2的合成:
2.0g(4.4mmol)化合物1溶解在30ml的无水二氯甲烷中,依次加入1.8ml三乙胺(13.2mmol),和0.7ml磷酸二乙氰(4.4mmol),然后在室温下搅拌12-18小时。加入100ml二氯甲烷到反应液中,然后溶液被水洗涤二次(每次50ml),用无水MgSO4干燥。最后的产物通过硅胶柱分离(流动项为二氯甲烷和已醇,体积比为4:1)得到1.5g化合物2(产率为:93.5%)。
c.化合物3的合成:
化合物2(1.7g,5.0mmol)被溶解在4.0ml的三氟乙酸中,然后在室温下搅拌20-30分钟。除去过量的三氟乙酸,并加入少量的己烷(二次,每次5-10ml)除去微量的三氟乙酸。产物被溶解在水(50ml)中,然后调节pH到9。分离出的产物在30ml水和乙醇(1:1)中重结晶得到1.3g化合物3(产率为:91.5%)。
实施例2
本造影剂是由1-(2-氨乙基)-2-甲基-5-硝咪唑分子上的氨基(-NH2)与L-天冬氨酸分子上α羧酸(-COOH)脱去H2O分子形成酰胺(-CONH-)后,L-天冬氨酸分子上的另一个羧酸(-COOH)再与另一个L-天冬氨酸分子上的氨基(-NH2)脱去H2O分子形成第二个酰胺(-CONH-)。本造影剂分子中具有两个串联连接的L-天冬氨酸(式13)。其化学反应步骤(反应式二),反应终产物(图6、7、8)得率(75%),纯化方法简便,粗制品(天冬氨酸-天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑)纯度可达到>90%。
C14H20N6O8;FW=400.35 天冬氨酸-天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑
式13.1-(2-α-L-天冬酰胺(β-L-天冬酰胺)酰乙基)-2-甲基-5-硝咪唑(天冬氨酸-天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑)
反应式二.
化合物5.(天冬氨酸-天冬氨酸-甲硝咪唑)
d.化合物4的合成:
0.4g(1.0mmol)化合物2溶解在10ml的无水二氯甲烷中,依次加入0.7ml三乙胺(5.0mmol),0.3g盐酸二特丁基-L-天冬氨酸酯(1.0mmol)和0.2ml磷酸二乙氰(1.0mmol),然后在室温下搅拌12小时。加入20ml二氯甲烷到反应液中,然后溶液被水洗涤二次(每次20-30ml),有机溶液被无水MgSO4干燥。最后的产物通过硅胶柱分离(流动项为二氯甲烷和乙醇,体积比为95:5)得到0.48g化合物4(产率为79.2%)。
e.化合物5的合成:
1.5g(2.5mmol)化合物4溶解在40ml的NaOH/乙醇(20ml,1.0M NaOH和20ml的乙醇)溶液中,在室温下搅拌12小时。白色固体被过滤,并在30ml水和乙醇(1:1)中重结晶得0.85g化合物5(产率为85.2%)。
实施例3
本造影剂是由1-(2-氨乙基)-2-甲基-5-硝咪唑分子上的氨基(-NH2)与L-谷氨酸分子上α羧酸(-COOH)脱去H2O分子形成酰胺(-CONH-)后,L-谷氨酸分子上的另一个羧酸(-COOH)再与另一个L-天冬氨酸分子上的氨基(-NH2)脱去H2O分子形成第二个酰胺(-CONH-)。本造影剂分子中具有两个串联连接的L-谷氨酸和L-天冬氨酸(式14)。其化学反应步骤(反应式三),反应终产物(图9、10、11)得率(62%),纯化方法简便,粗制品(天冬氨酸-谷氨酸-甲硝咪唑)纯度可达到>90%。
C15H22N6O8;FW=414.37 天冬氨酸-谷氨酸-甲硝咪唑
式14.1-(2-α-L-谷氨酰胺(β-L-天冬酰胺)酰乙基)-2-甲基-5-硝咪唑(天冬氨酸-谷氨酸-甲硝咪唑)
反应式三.
化合物4.(天冬氨酸-谷氨酸-甲硝咪唑)
a.化合物1的合成:
在50ml的2-异丁氨基-5-特丁基-L-谷氨酸酯(3.0g,10.0mmol)的无水二氯甲烷溶液中依次加入4.2ml三乙胺(30.0mmol),1-(2-乙氨基)-2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑(2.6g,10.0mmol)和1.7ml磷酸二乙氰(10.0mmol),在室温下搅拌3小时。加入100ml二氯甲烷到反应液中,然后溶液被水洗涤二次(每次50-60ml),用无水MgSO4干燥。最后的产物通过硅胶柱分离(流动项为二氯甲烷和乙醇,体积比为4:1)得到4.0g化合物1(产率为88%)。
b.化合物2的合成:
2.3g(5.0mmol)化合物1溶解在40ml的NaOH/乙醇(20ml,1.0M NaOH和20ml的乙醇)溶液中,然后在室温下搅拌12小时。溶液被蒸干,白色产物通过硅胶柱分离(流动项为已醇和水,体积比为3:7)得到1.8g化合物2(产率为91%)。
c.化合物3的合成:
0.4g(1.0mmol)化合物2溶解在10ml的无水二氯甲烷中,依次加入0.7ml三乙胺(5.0mmol),0.28g盐酸二特丁基-L-天冬氨酸酯(1.0mmol)和0.16ml磷酸二乙氰(1.0mmol),在室温下搅拌3小时。加入20毫升二氯甲烷到反应液中,然后溶液被水洗涤二次(每次20-30ml),有机溶液被无水MgSO4干燥。最后的产物通过硅胶柱分离(流动项为二氯甲烷和乙醇,体积比为95:5)得到0.46g化合物3(产率为74%)。
d.化合物4的合成:
在0℃,化合物3(3.1g,5.0mmol)被溶解在4.0ml的三氟乙酸中,然后在室温下搅拌20分钟。除去过量的三氟乙酸,并加入少量的己烷(二次,每次5-10ml)除去微量的三氟乙酸。产物被溶解在5ml水中,用氢氧化钠(10%)调节pH到8-9,然后加入20ml乙醇。过滤出的产物在30ml水和乙醇(1:1)中重结晶得到1.4g化合物4(70%)。
Claims (7)
2.根据权利要求1所述硝咪唑-氨基酸化合型核素乏氧造影剂,其特征在于它们为单一分子内螯合放射性核素式10或双分子间螯合放射性核素式11
3.一种如权利要求1所述硝咪唑-氨基酸化合型核素乏氧造影剂的前体,其特征在于它由甲硝唑与天冬氨酸连接构成:
其中R为天冬氨酸;
它们为D或L型。
5.一种如权利要求3所述硝咪唑-氨基酸化合型核素乏氧造影剂的前体的制备方法,其特征在于该方法包括下列反应步骤:
反应式一
a.化合物1的合成:
2-(异丁氨基)-4-苯基-L-天冬氨酸酯3-30mmol溶于50-500ml无水二氯甲烷溶液中,依次加入三乙胺3-30mmol,1-(2-乙氨基)-2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑3-30mmol和磷酸二乙氰3-30mmol,在室温下,搅拌,加入50-500ml二氯甲烷到反应液中,反应液用100-120ml水洗涤,用无水MgSO4干燥,最后的产物通过硅胶柱分离流动相二氯甲烷和己醇,体积比为4∶1,得到化合物1;
b.化合物2的合成:
溶解化合物1.1-30mmol在10-300ml无水二氯甲烷中,依次加入三乙胺5-30mmol和磷酸二乙氰1-30mmol,然后在室温下搅拌12-18小时,加入50-500ml二氯甲烷到反应液中,反应液用100ml水洗涤,用无水MgSO4干燥,最后的产物通过硅胶柱分离流动相为二氯甲烷和己醇,体积比为4∶1,得到化合物2;
c.化合物3的合成:
溶解化合物21-30mmol在1-300ml的三氟乙酸中,在室温下搅拌20-30分钟,除去过量的三氟乙酸,并加入少量5-10ml的己烷,除去微量的三氟乙酸,产物被溶解在水10-300ml中,然后调节pH到9,分离出的产物在水和乙醇1∶1中重结晶得到化合物3。
6.一种如权利要求1所述硝咪唑-氨基酸化合型核素乏氧造影剂在制备影像造影剂中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6的应用,其特征在于所述影像造影剂为脑血栓、肿瘤、溃疡或血栓塞影像造影剂。
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PCT/CN2009/000246 WO2010048768A1 (zh) | 2008-10-29 | 2009-03-09 | 硝咪唑-氨基酸化合型核素乏氧造影剂及其前体 |
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US6692724B1 (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2004-02-17 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Ethylenedicysteine (EC)-drug conjugates, compositions and methods for tissue specific disease imaging |
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EP1698351A2 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-06 | Taiwan Hopax Chems. Mfg. Co., Ltd | Glycopeptide compositions |
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