CN101688359A - 绳索、由塑料纤维和钢丝绞合线构成的组合绳索以及由塑料纤维和钢丝构成的组合绞合线 - Google Patents
绳索、由塑料纤维和钢丝绞合线构成的组合绳索以及由塑料纤维和钢丝构成的组合绞合线 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
组合绳索,其具有由高强度的塑料纤维构成的芯体绳索(其作为一个特别是捻合的单丝束或多个捻合的单丝束存在)和由钢丝绞合线构成的外层,其特征在于,所述单丝束在被拉伸时直径减小并且通过特别是编织的包封件保持在此状态下。由此减小芯体绳索在负载作用下的伸长,使得改善在钢横截面和塑料横截面之间的负载分布。为了钢丝层的伸展特性与芯体绳索的伸展特性相接近,绳索具有由弹性的塑料构成的中间层,各个钢丝绞合线彼此隔开地被压入该中间层内,使得外层在负载作用下伸长并且在径向上收缩。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由高强度的塑料纤维构成的绳索,其作为一个特别是捻合的单丝束或多个捻合的单丝束存在,所述单丝束被一包封件包围。
本发明特别是涉及一种组合绳索,其包含由高强度的塑料纤维构成的芯体绳索和由钢丝绞合线构成的外层。
此外,本发明涉及一种具有由高强度的塑料纤维构成的芯体和由钢丝构成的外层组成的组合绞合线。
背景技术
上述类型的绳索,特别是用于体育目的,在应用中已知具有保护塑料纤维的编绕件。
上述类型的组合绳索由US 4,887,422已知,其具有用于芯体绳索的包封件,该包封件被挤出在或卷绕在芯体绳索上。
上述类型的组合绞合线不是现有技术。
不仅对于绳索本身而且对于组合绳索以及组合绞合线而言,高强度塑料纤维的优点在于与其强度相比较小的重量和体积。
这种优点在较大长度的用于悬挂部件的绳索中特别明显,如采矿中应用的输送绳索或深海绳索。在这样的部件中单单钢丝绳索的重量业已占据其承载能力的较大部分;有效负荷由此受到限制。
组合绳索相对于单纯塑料绳索的优点是其显著较小的对于机械干扰因素的灵敏性。此外人们能够在可见的钢丝裂纹上及时发现到达断裂临界值。
高强度的塑料纤维的断裂强度,例如对于芳纶共聚物是3470N/mm2,对于芳纶HM(高模数)是2850N/mm2,对于芳纶HS(高强度)是3350N/mm2,对于芳纶SMS(标准模数)是2850N/mm2,对于HMPE是3400N/mm2、对于液晶聚酯是3400N/mm2,它们超过钢丝的断裂强度(例如1770N/mm2)并且可以显著提高组合绳索的承载能力,然而在延伸率方面具有很大区别,在已知的绳索构造中几乎未曾发现这样的绳索构造,其中由塑料构成的芯体绳索可以承担负载的很大一部分。上述的纤维材料的弹性模量是73、120、60、60、85或65Gpa,而钢丝的平均弹性模量是200Gpa。特别是补充说明,塑料纤维的实际的对负载的承受是具有延迟性的,因为单丝束在每次受载时首先“沉降(setzen)”,即必须找到最终的空间配备以构成稳定的束横截面。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提高组合绳索中的由塑料纤维构成的芯体绳索的有效承载能力,或者对于塑料绳索本身,在另外的意义上提高承载能力。
根据本发明上述目的如此实现,即在开头所述类型的绳索中单丝束在被拉伸时直径减小,并且通过包封件被保持在此状态下。
包封件如同紧身衣一样固定单丝束在上述拉伸时获得的横截面。因此在承受负载之前和开始时至少尽可能消除“沉降”过程,使其一劳永逸地完成。正常的负载承受(同时塑料纤维弹性伸长)根据胡克定律可以立即发生。
在组合绳索中芯体绳索的伸展特性因此与钢丝层的伸展特性接近。绳索本身在相同的承载能力情况下具有例如减小10%的直径,即在相同的直径时较大的承载能力。
作为本发明的一个方案和特别有利的改进建议,将组合绳索的钢丝层的伸展特性与由塑料纤维构成的芯体绳索的伸展特性相接近,即对钢丝层实施在芯体绳索上应用的本发明的措施的转化方案:它应当在受到负载时可以伸长并且保持使所述伸长成为可能的可变的横截面。在该方案中本发明的具体措施是,绳索具有由弹性塑料构成的中间层,各个钢丝绞合线彼此隔开地被压入该中间层内,使得外层在负载作用下拉伸并且在径向上收缩。中间层的弹性可挠曲性和各钢丝绞合线的彼此间距允许由绞合线描述的螺旋线在其螺距增大的情况下被拉长,其直径和相应地绞合线的间距减小。由于塑料的弹性,上述过程在卸载时是可逆的,其期望的效果在每次承受新负载时都是存在的。
第一方案的优点和本发明的转化方案可以分别单个应用,但是一起使用效果更好。
与组合绳索相类似,可以提供一种组合绞合线。替代绞合线的芯体钢丝使用如同绞合线的芯体绳索构成的然而相应较薄的绳索。(“绳索”是由单丝束构成的绳索,与构造无关)。
编绕件特别适合作为上述的包封件。在编绕机器中单丝束被单一拉伸,即它在机器的出口例如通过辊子对被驱动以进一步运动并且在机器入口例如借助于被制动的滚动对被保持不动,并且编织件可以构成为具有预应力。然而同样可以考虑卷绕件。伸展能够必要时也通过横截面缩小实现。
上述的中间层通常如同现有技术一样被挤出,必要时挤出在上述的包封件上。否则包封件和中间层的结合是困难的,因为两者用于不同的目的并且相应具有不同的特性。包封件应当是尽可能不可挠曲的,而中间层应当是软的。对于中间层而言也可以考虑泡沫塑料。
用于包封件的合适的材料例如是聚酯纤维,而用于中间层的合适的材料是聚氨基甲酸脂类、聚酯、聚烯烃和聚酰胺。
作为本发明的芯体绳索的特别有利的应用,最后提及一种用于在大的高度差上悬挂的部件的组合绳索(特别是具有防止转动的下端部)、特别是输送框绳索、深海绳索或索道绳索,其特征在于在绳索长度上的绞距变化,其使得钢丝绳索的与负载相关(load-specific)的转矩向上减小。所谓绞距是绞合线中单个金属丝转动360度时所需要的路径长度。
这种构造的钢丝绳索由DE 36 32 298已知,该申请的内容被引入本申请的公开内容中。
利用上述的绞距变化可以避免由于绳索重量导致的在绳索结构内部的扭曲、特别是绳索下部区域内绞合线层的进一步捻合,其在此使得绳索缩短并且因此抑制芯体绳索的负载承受能力。
附图说明
接下来本发明借助于示例详细阐述。
图1不同材料的负载-伸展率图表;
图2通常绞合的钢丝层和根据本发明在弹性的软的中间层上绞合的钢丝层的负载-伸展率图表;
图3用于组合的钢丝-塑料纤维绳索的由塑料纤维制成的芯体绳索的负载-伸长图表,具有和不具有本发明的包封件;
图4如图5的组合绳索的芯体绳索和钢丝绳层的负载-伸展率图表;
图5组合绳索的横向剖视图,其具有由塑料纤维构成的芯体绳索和由钢丝绞合线构成的外层;
图6与图5的横向剖视图相对应的绳索,具有其它的绞合线。
具体实施方式
在图1中相关的材料分别直接在曲线上标出。钢丝仅仅在下部的负载区域内遵循胡克定律,因为它通过拉伸建立并且因此不具有通常的结构。该应用通常仅仅大致在曲线的下半部实现。
在图2中再次示出在通常绞合的绞合线层中图1的钢丝的曲线分布(上部的曲线)。下部的曲线示出本发明的绞合线在软的中间层中嵌入的效果:直至大致0.6%的伸展率,曲线近乎是水平延伸的。这种伸展率的原因在于,卷绕的绞合线的螺旋线在螺旋线拉伸成直径减小,其中绞合线几乎不承载。接下来才开始承受载荷。
如由图3可见,上述的直至0.5%是明显的且而后紧接着削弱的但是直至大约1%的伸展率仍然起作用的沉降过程(下部曲线)在相对大程度上通过本发明的包封件消除(上部曲线)。上部曲线与下部曲线不同,从开始就上升,即使根据胡克定律的最终的比例斜线大约在0.5%至1%的伸展率之间才出现。
本发明的两个措施在一个如根据图5的组合绳索中的应用由图4可见。在此图2的下部曲线和图3的上部曲线彼此靠近。
在图5的绳索结构的横截面中本发明的措施如此看出,即其作为芯体绳索1的包封件2和此外中间层3存在,由钢丝绞合线4构成的外层被压入所述中间层内。
芯体绳索1在包封件2的内部由一个单丝束或多个单丝束构成,其分别如此多地捻合,使得它具有束紧性并且可以被操纵。包封件2由优选由聚酯纤维构成的编绕件构成。它以预应力设置在单丝束上,预应力在单丝束伸展后将单丝束束紧或保持在此状态下。
中间层3以本身已知的方式挤出在芯体绳索1的包封件2上。中间层由软弹性的塑料例如聚乙烯或聚丙烯构成。
钢丝绞合线4此外被绞合和例如这样被压入仍然热的中间层3内,使得各个钢丝绞合线彼此间隔地分别嵌入中间层内。
中间层3是如此软弹性的并且钢丝绞合线4彼此具有这样的间距(比附图示出的稍大),使得钢丝绞合线4的层在负载作用下首先稍微伸长且直径减小。绞合线层和芯体绳索的伸展曲线(图4)彼此如此接近,即,承受的负荷大致与绞合线层和芯体绳索的横截面相对应地分布。
根据图6的绳索具有与图5的绳索相同的基础构造,具有芯体绳索1、编织的包封件2、挤出的中间层3和由在此用附图标记5表示的绞合线构成的外层。绞合线5具有与绳索类似的构造,具有较薄的由高强度的塑料纤维构成的芯体绳索6、编织的包封件7、由软弹性的塑料构成的挤出的中间层8和由钢丝9构成的外层。绳索由于其较大的塑料横截面具有更小重量的优点,在此然而由于外层中的钢丝同样是结实的。
中间层3在此绳索中也可以去除,因为外部绞合线5业已具有加大的伸展性能。
Claims (9)
1.由高强度的塑料纤维构成的绳索,其作为一个特别是捻合的单丝束或多个捻合的单丝束存在,所述单丝束被一包封件包围,其特征在于,所述单丝束(1;6)在被拉伸时直径减小并且通过包封件(2;7)保持在此状态下。
2.如权利要求1所述的绳索,其特征在于,包封件(2)是编织的。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的绳索,其特征在于,该绳索是一组合绳索的芯体绳索(1,2),该组合绳索具有由钢丝绞合线(4;5)构成的外层。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的绳索,其特征在于,该绳索是一组合绞合线的芯体(6,7),该组合绞合线具有由钢丝(9)构成的外层。
5.组合绳索,其具有特别是如权利要求3所述的由高强度的塑料纤维构成的芯体绳索(1,2)和由钢丝绞合线(4;5)构成的外层,其特征在于,组合绳索具有由弹性的塑料构成的中间层(3),各个钢丝绞合线(4;5)彼此隔开地被压入该中间层内,使得外层在负载作用下伸长并且在径向上收缩。
6.组合绞合线,其具有特别是如权利要求4所述的由高强度的塑料纤维构成的芯体(6,7)和由钢丝(9)构成的外层,该组合绞合线具有由弹性的塑料构成的中间层(8),各个钢丝(9)彼此隔开地被压入该中间层内,使得外层在负载作用下伸长并且在径向上收缩。
7.如权利要求6所述的组合绞合线,其特征在于,该组合绞合线是一组合绳索的外部绞合线(5),该组合绳索具有由高强度的塑料纤维构成的芯体绳索(1)和外部的绞合线层。
8.如权利要求5所述的组合绳索或如权利要求6所述的组合绞合线,其特征在于,中间层(3;8)是挤出的。
9.根据权利要求3所述的组合绳索,必要时此外根据权利要求5或8所述的组合绳索,其特征在于,该组合绳索是用于在大的高度差上悬挂的部件的绳索、特别是输送框绳索、深海绳索或索道绳索,这些绳索的特征在于在绳索长度上的绞距变化,其使得钢丝绳索的与负载相关的转矩向上减小。
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DE102007024020A DE102007024020A1 (de) | 2007-05-18 | 2007-05-22 | Seil, kombiniertes Seil aus Kunststofffasern und Stahldrahtlitzen, sowie kombinierte Litze aus Kunststofffasern und Stahldrähten |
PCT/DE2008/000834 WO2008141623A2 (de) | 2007-05-18 | 2008-05-15 | Seil, kombiniertes seil aus kunststofffasern und stahldrahtlitzen sowie kombinierte litze aus kunststofffasern und stahldrähten |
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CA2685585C (en) | 2013-12-24 |
JP5634260B2 (ja) | 2014-12-03 |
PT2165017E (pt) | 2015-01-05 |
KR101667419B1 (ko) | 2016-10-18 |
US20100071340A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
ZA200908380B (en) | 2011-02-23 |
CN101688359B (zh) | 2012-03-21 |
EP2476801A3 (de) | 2013-02-13 |
DE102007024020A1 (de) | 2008-11-20 |
US8176718B2 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
WO2008141623A3 (de) | 2009-05-07 |
EP2476801A2 (de) | 2012-07-18 |
AU2008253434B2 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
EA200901559A1 (ru) | 2010-04-30 |
EP2165017A2 (de) | 2010-03-24 |
KR20100021442A (ko) | 2010-02-24 |
BRPI0811106B1 (pt) | 2018-09-18 |
EP2165017B1 (de) | 2014-11-12 |
PL2165017T3 (pl) | 2015-04-30 |
AU2008253434A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
EP2476801B1 (de) | 2015-09-02 |
UA101614C2 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
PL2476801T3 (pl) | 2016-02-29 |
WO2008141623A8 (de) | 2008-12-31 |
MX2009011974A (es) | 2009-11-19 |
PT2476801E (pt) | 2015-12-07 |
BRPI0811106A2 (pt) | 2014-12-09 |
EA017642B1 (ru) | 2013-02-28 |
WO2008141623A2 (de) | 2008-11-27 |
CA2685585A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
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