CN101678755B - 车辆的驱动系统 - Google Patents

车辆的驱动系统 Download PDF

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CN101678755B
CN101678755B CN2008800174152A CN200880017415A CN101678755B CN 101678755 B CN101678755 B CN 101678755B CN 2008800174152 A CN2008800174152 A CN 2008800174152A CN 200880017415 A CN200880017415 A CN 200880017415A CN 101678755 B CN101678755 B CN 101678755B
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vehicle
cond
refrigerant
rotating machine
inverter
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CN101678755A (zh
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吉田忠史
吉野征树
堀田丰
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Aisin AW Co Ltd
Toyota Motor Corp
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Aisin AW Co Ltd
Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02K11/04—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for rectification
    • H02K11/049—Rectifiers associated with stationary parts, e.g. stator cores
    • H02K11/05—Rectifiers associated with casings, enclosures or brackets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02K5/203—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium specially adapted for liquids, e.g. cooling jackets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)

Abstract

一种车辆的驱动系统包括：蓄电池(900)；电动发电机(MG1、MG2)，使用来自蓄电池(900)的电力来驱动车辆，或者被车辆驱动；PCU(700)，与电动发电机(MG1、MG2)成为一体并具有逆变器(720、730)，对电动发电机(MG2)进行控制；冷却水(1350)，冷却逆变器(720、730)；以及油(1050)，冷却电动发电机(MG1、MG2)。PCU(700)包括平滑电容器(C2)和过滤电容器(C1)，过滤电容器(C1)设置在相对于平滑电容器(C2)在电气上靠近蓄电池(900)的一侧。这里，平滑电容器(C2)被冷却水(1350)冷却，过滤电容器(C1)被油(1050)冷却。

Description

车辆的驱动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆的驱动系统，尤其涉及旋转电机和控制该旋转电机的的工作的电气设备成为一体的车辆的驱动系统。
背景技术
众所周知具有以下构造的用于车辆的驱动装置：旋转电机和电气设备成为一体，其中所述旋转电机与电气设备进行电连接。
例如，在日本专利文献特开2001-119898号公报(专利文献1)中记载有以下车辆用驱动装置：使逆变器箱与驱动装置箱成为一体，从而提高车辆上的可装载性。
同样，在日本专利文献特开2001-322439号公报(专利文献2)、日本专利文献特开平10-248198号公报(专利文献3)、以及日本专利文献特开2004-343845号公报(专利文献4)等中公开有作为旋转电机的马达和作为电气设备的逆变器成为一体的车辆用驱动装置。
在对控制旋转电机的电气设备设置多个电容器的情况下、如果多个电容器的发热状态不同，则也希望最优化冷却这些电容器的系统。另外，从与上述不同的角度考虑，希望通过最优化连接于多个电容器的配线，缩短该配线而提高车辆上的可装载性。
可是，在专利文献1～4中，没有具体地公开多个电容器的冷却系统和电连接构造，因此无法一定充分地满足上述需求。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种最优化了冷却多个电容器的系统的车辆的驱动系统。另外，本发明的另一目的在于提供缩短连接于多个电容器的配线而提高了可装载性的车辆的驱动系统。
本发明的车辆的驱动系统的一个方式包括：电源；旋转电机，使用来自电源的电力来驱动车辆，或者被车辆驱动；电气设备，与旋转电机成为一体并具有逆变器，对该旋转电机进行控制；第一制冷剂，冷却逆变器；以及第二制冷剂，冷却旋转电机；其中，电气设备包括第一电容器和第二电容器，第二电容器设置在相对于第一电容器在电气上靠近电源的一侧，第一和第二电容器中的一者被第一制冷剂冷却，第一和第二电容器中的另一者被第二制冷剂冷却。
根据上述构成，通过不同的制冷剂来冷却第一和第二电容器，由此在第一和第二电容器中发热状况不同的情况下，例如在第一和第二电容器中的一者的发热量显著地变大了的情况下，也能够缓和波及到系统整体的影响。
在一个方式中，上述车辆的驱动系统还包括冷却器，该冷却器安装在逆变器上，第一制冷剂包括在冷却器内流动的制冷剂。
在另一个方式中，上述车辆的驱动系统还包括壳体，该壳体容纳旋转电机，第二制冷剂包括存积在壳体内的油。
在再另一个方式中，上述车辆的驱动系统还包括：冷却器，安装在逆变器上；以及壳体，容纳旋转电机；第一制冷剂包括在冷却器内流动的制冷剂，第二制冷剂包括存积在壳体内的油，第一电容器具有比第二电容器大的容量，第一电容器被第一制冷剂冷却，第二电容器被第二制冷剂冷却。
作为一个例子，在上述车辆的驱动系统中，电气设备包括变换器，该变换器进行直流电压的升压或降压，第一电容器在电气上与逆变器并联连接，第二电容器在电气上设置在电源和变换器之间。
本发明的车辆的驱动系统的其他方式包括：电源；旋转电机，使用来自电源的电力来驱动车辆，或者被车辆驱动；以及电气设备，与旋转电机成为一体，对该旋转电机进行控制；其中，电气设备包括第一电容器和第二电容器，第二电容器设置在相对于第一电容器在电气上靠近电源的一侧，旋转电机设置在位于车辆前方的发动机室内，电源设置在比旋转电机靠向车辆后方的一侧，第二电容器配置在比第一电容器靠向车辆后方的一侧。
根据上述构成，将被设置在相对于第一电容器在电气上靠近电源的一侧的第二电容器设置在相对于第一电容器靠向车辆后方的一侧侧，由此能够缩短连接电源和第二电容器的配线，因此能够提高驱动系统在车辆上的可装载性。
根据本发明，在一个方式中，能够在车辆的驱动系统中最优化冷却多个电容器的系统。另外，在其他方式中，能够在车辆的驱动系统中缩短连接多个电容器的配线而提高可装载性。
而且，也可以适宜组合上述的构成中两个以上的构成。
附图说明
图1是示出适用本发明的一个实施方式的车辆的驱动系统的混合动力车辆的构成的简要图；
图2是用于详细说明图1所示的电动发电机和动力分配机构的示意图；
图3是示出图1所示的PCU的主要部分的构成的电路图；
图4是示意性地示出本发明的一个实施方式的车辆的驱动系统中包含的驱动单元的侧视图；
图5是示意性地示出图4所示的驱动单元的俯视图；
图6是示意性地示出本发明的一个实施方式的车辆的驱动系统中包含的驱动单元的变形例的侧视图；
图7是说明与旋转电机成为一体的电气设备的装载构造的图(其一)；
图8是说明与旋转电机成为一体的电气设备的装载构造的图(其二)；
图9是说明与旋转电机成为一体的电气设备的装载构造的图(其三)；
图10是说明与旋转电机成为一体的电气设备的装载构造的图(其四)。
具体实施方式
下面，对本发明的实施方式进行说明。另外，对相同或相当的部分标注相同的参照标号，有时不重复其说明。
而且，在下面所说明的实施方式中，当提及个数、量等时，除特别地有记载的情况以外，本发明的范围并不一定限于其个数、量等。另外，在下面的实施方式中，除特别地有记载的情况以外，各构成件并不一定是本发明所必须的。另外，在下面有多个实施方式的情况下，除特别地有记载的情况以外，当初就计划有适当组合各实施方式的构成。
图1是示出具有本发明的一个实施方式的车辆的驱动系统的混合动力车辆的构成的简要图。
参照图1，混合动力车辆1包括发动机100、电动发电机200、动力分配机构300、差速器机构400、驱动轴500、作为前轮的驱动轮600L和600R、PCU(Power Control Unit：动力控制单元)700、电缆800、蓄电池900。
如图1所示，发动机100、电动发电机200、动力分配机构300、PCU700配置在发动机室2内。电动发电机200与PCU 700通过电缆800A相连接。PCU 700与蓄电池900通过电缆800B相连接。另外，由发动机100和电动发电机200形成的动力输出装置经由动力分配机构300和减速机构连接于差速器机构400。差速器机构400经由驱动轴500连接于驱动轮600L、600R。
电动发电机200是三相交流同步电动发电机，通过从PCU 700接收的交流电力来产生驱动力。另外，电动发电机200在混合动力车辆1进行减速时等情况下也作为发电机使用，通过其发电作用(再生发电)产生交流电力，将该产生的交流电力向PCU 700输出。动力分配机构300通过包含后述的行星齿轮而构成。
PCU 700将从蓄电池900接收的直流电压变换成交流电压而对电动发电机200进行驱动控制。另外，PCU 700将电动发电机200所产生的交流电压变换成直流电压而对蓄电池进行充电。
图2是用于详细地说明图1所示的电动发电机200和动力分配机构300的示意图。
参照图2，电动发电机200通过包括电动发电机MG1、MG2而构成。电动发电机MG1、MG2分别通过包括转子211和221、定子212和222而构成。
另外，动力分配机构300通过包括行星齿轮310、320而构成。行星齿轮310、320分别包括太阳齿轮311和321、小齿轮312和322、行星齿轮架313和323、内啮合齿轮314和324而构成。
发动机100的曲轴110、电动发电机MG1的转子211、电动发电机MG2的转子221以相同轴为中心旋转。
行星齿轮310中的太阳齿轮311结合于空心的太阳齿轮轴，在该太齿轮轴的轴中心贯穿有曲轴110。内啮合齿轮314被支撑为能够与曲轴110在同轴上旋转。小齿轮312配置在太阳齿轮311和内啮合齿轮314之间，在太阳齿轮311的外周自转的同时公转。行星齿轮架313结合于曲轴110的端部，支撑各小齿轮312的旋转轴。
用于获取来自动力分配机构300的动力的副驱动齿轮与内啮合齿轮314一体旋转。副驱动齿轮连接于副齿轮350。于是，在副驱动齿轮与副齿轮350进行动力的传递。副齿轮350驱动差速器机构400。另外，在下坡路等上车轮的旋转传递到差速器机构400，副齿轮350通过差速器机构400来驱动。
电动发电机MG1主要作为如下的电动机而工作：通过永久磁铁所产生的磁场与转子211的旋转的相互作用来在三相线圈的两端上产生电动势。
电动发电机MG2的转子221经由用作减速器的行星齿轮320结合于内啮合齿轮箱，该内啮合齿轮箱与行星齿轮310的内啮合齿轮314一体旋转。
电动发电机MG2作为如下的电动机而工作，通过埋入转子221中的永久磁铁所产生的磁场与卷绕在定子222上的三相线圈所形成的磁场的相互作用来旋转驱动转子221。另外，电动发电机MG2也作为如下的电动机而工作：通过永久磁铁所产生的磁场与转子221的旋转的相互作用来在三相线圈的两端上产生电动势。
行星齿轮320通过作为一个旋转构件的行星齿轮架323固定在车辆驱动装置的箱上的构造而进行减速。即，行星齿轮320包括结合于转子221的轴的太阳齿轮321、与内啮合齿轮314一体旋转的内啮合齿轮324、啮合于内啮合齿轮324、太阳齿轮321并将太阳齿轮321的旋转传递给内啮合齿轮324的小齿轮322。
图3是示出PCU 700的主要部分的构成的电路图。参照图3，PCU700通过包括变换器710、逆变器720和730、控制装置740、滤波电容器C1、平滑电容器C2而构成。变换器710连接在蓄电池B与逆变器720、730之间，逆变器720、730分别连接于电动发电机MG1、MG2。
变换器710包括功率晶体管Q1和Q2、二极管D1和D2、反应器L。功率晶体管Q1、Q2串联连接，接收来自控制装置740的控制信号。二极管D1、D2分别连接在功率晶体管Q1、Q2的集电极-发射极间，以分别使电流从功率晶体管Q1、Q2的发射极侧流向集电极侧。反应器L的一端连接于与蓄电池B的正极连接的电源线PL1，另一端连接于功率晶体管Q1、Q2的连接点。
该变换器710使用反应器L对从蓄电池B接收的直流电压进行升压，将该升压了的升压电压供应给电源线PL2。另外，变换器710将从逆变器720、730接收的直流电压降压后对蓄电池B进行充电。
逆变器720、730分别包括U相臂721U和731U、V相臂721V和731V、W相臂721W和731W。U相臂721U、V相臂721V、W相臂721W并联连接在节点N1和节点N2之间。同样，U相臂731U、V相臂731V、W相臂731W并联连接在节点N1和节点N2之间。
U相臂721U包括串联连接的两个功率晶体管Q3、Q4。同样，U相臂731U、V相臂721V和731V、W相臂721W和731W分别包括串联连接的两个功率晶体管Q5～Q14。另外，在各功率晶体管Q3～Q14的集电极-发射极间分别连接有二极管D3～D14，其中这些二极管D3～D14使电流从发射极侧流向集电极侧。
逆变器720、730的各相臂的中间点分别连接于电动发电机MG1、MG2的各相线圈的各相端。然后，在电动发电机MG1、MG2中，U、V、W相的三个线圈的一端一起连接于中点。
过滤电容器C1连接在电源线PL1、PL3之间，使电源线PL1的电平平滑。另外，平滑电容器C2连接在电源线PL2、PL3之间，使电源线PL2的电平平滑。
逆变器720、730根据来自控制装置740的驱动信号而将来自平滑电容器C2的直流电压变换成交流电压并驱动电动发电机MG1、MG2。
控制装置740根据马达转矩指令值、电动发电机MG和MG2的各相电流值、逆变器720和730的输入电压计算电动发电机MG1、MG2的各相线圈电压，并根据该计算结果生成接通(ON)/断开(OFF)功率晶体管Q3～Q14的PWM(Pulse Width Modulation：脉冲宽度调制)信号并向逆变器720、730输出。
另外，控制装置740根据上述的马达转矩指令值和马达转速计算用于使逆变器720、730的输入电压最佳的功率晶体管Q1、Q2的占空系数，并根据该计算结果生成接通/断开功率晶体管Q1～Q2的PWM信号并向变换器710输出。
并且，控制装置740将由电动发电机MG1、MG2产生的交流电力变换成直流电力后对蓄电池B进行充电，因此控制变换器710和逆变器720、730中的功率晶体管Q1～Q14的开关动作。
在PCU 700工作时，构成变换器710和逆变器720、730的功率晶体管Q1～Q14和二极管D1～D14发热。因此，需要设置用于促进这些半导体元件的冷却的冷却构造。
下面，使用图4、图5来说明本实施方式的车辆的驱动系统。图4、图5是分别示意性地示出本实施方式的车辆的驱动系统中包含的驱动单元的侧视图和俯视图。
如图4、图5所示，驱动单元通过包括电动发电机MG1和MG2、副齿轮350、连结于驱动轴500的差速器机构400而构成。在容纳电动发电机MG1、MG2的壳体的底部形成油存积部1000，在油存积部1000存积油1050。另外，在驱动单元的上方侧形成有捕捉箱1100。存积在油存积部1000中的油1050伴随驱动单元的工作而被向捕捉箱1100拨上来。存积到捕捉箱1100中的油向驱动单元的各部供应，用于润滑和冷却。
过滤电容器C1和反应器L设置在副齿轮350的侧方。如图2、图5所示，驱动单元具有如下构成：在轴向排列的两个电动发电机MG1、MG2之间设置有动力分配机构300，并设置有副齿轮350以使得从动力分配机构300传递动力。因此，在副齿轮350的侧方容易空出电动发电机MG1、MG2的轴长部分的富余空间。在本实施方式中，在该富余空间配置了过滤电容器C1和反应器L。另外，通过存积到捕捉箱1100中的油1050来冷却过滤电容器C1和反应器L。
在驱动单元的下方侧安装有冷却板1200。在冷却板1200上装载有控制装置740(控制装置)、包含功率晶体管Q1～Q14和二极管D1～D14的IPM(Inteligent Power Module：智能化动力模块)。向控制板1200内流入从散热器供应过来的冷却水。由此，进行IPM的冷却。另外，在冷却板1200内流动的冷却水1350流入在位于驱动单元的车辆前方侧的平滑电容器C2的外周处形成的冷却水路径内。由此，进行平滑电容器C2的冷却。即，在本实施方式中，通过不同的制冷剂来进行过滤电容器C1的冷却和平滑电容器C2的冷却。
如图4、图5的例子所示，将控制装置740和包含功率晶体管Q1～Q14和二极管D1～D14的IPM设置在电动发电机MG1、MG2的下方，由此在采用一体化了电动发电机MG1、MG2和PCU 700的构造的情况下，能够提高PCU 700的可维护性。另外，驱动单元的支撑构造处于在驱动单元的上方或侧方支撑该驱动单元的情况的多个趋势，因此在电动发电机MG1、MG2的下方比较容易产生富余空间。在图4、图5的例子中，在该空间的富余部分装载有IPM。
根据本实施方式的车辆的驱动系统，通过不同的制冷剂来冷却过滤电容器C1和平滑电容器C2，由此例如在过滤电容器C1和平滑电容器C2中的一者的发热量显著地变大了的情况下，也能够缓和波及到系统整体的影响。
另外，在本实施方式中，如图4所示，将过滤电容器C1设置在相对于平滑电容器C2的车辆后方侧。这样，能够缩短连接设置在相对于平滑电容器C2在电气上靠近蓄电池900的一侧的过滤电容器C1和蓄电池900的配线，因此能够提高驱动系统在车辆上的可装载性。
图6是示意性地示出本实施方式的车辆的驱动系统中包含的驱动单元的变形例的侧视图。参照图6，本变形例的驱动单元的特征在于将控制装置740和包含功率晶体管Q1～Q14和二极管D1～D14的IPM设置在车辆前方侧。
当将发动机100和包含电动发电机MG1、MG2的驱动单元沿车辆宽度方向排列了时，由于发动机100比驱动单元大，如果要确保发动机100与位于车辆前方的散热器的间隙，在驱动单元的前方侧比较容易产生富余空间。在图6的例子中，在该富余空间部分装载了IPM。
在如图6的例子中，与图4、图5的例子相同，在副齿轮350的侧方设置有过滤电容器C1和反应器L。另外，与图4、图5相同，在用于冷却平滑电容器C2的水套1300中引导有冷却板1200内的冷却水。
下面，使用图7～图10来说明对与电动发电机MG1、MG一体化的逆变器720、730的各种装载构造进行了比较研究的结果。
图7、图8是示出将包含功率晶体管Q1～Q14和二极管D1～D14的IPM分割装载了的例子。在图7的例子中，IPM分割成包含功率晶体管Q1～Q8和二极管D1～D8的IPM和包含功率晶体管Q9～Q14和二极管D9～D14的IPM后装载。另外，在图8的例子中，IPM进一步分割成多个组件后装载。如图7、图8所示，通过分割IPM，能够容易地确保用于IPM的空间。可是，另一方面存在以下问题：由于分割IPM，被分割了的IPM间的冷却水路径结构和汇流条结构、以及电动发电机MG1、MG2的外周处的逆变器防水用盖的结构变得复杂。结果，在图7、图8的例子中，马达-逆变器一体构造的制造成本增大。
图9示出以下例子：将过滤电容器C1和反应器L、平滑电容器C2、以及包含功率晶体管Q1～Q14和二极管D1～D14的IPM的全部装载在一张冷却板1200上。根据图9的例子，简化了冷却水路径结构、汇流条结构、以及逆变器防水用盖等，能够抑制马达-逆变器一体构造的制造成本。另一方面存在以下问题：由于在一张冷却板1200上装载构成逆变器720、730的所有的元件，这些元件集中在驱动单元外周上的一处，在装载空间上没有富余。
与图4～图6相同，图10示出以下例子：将逆变器720分割成过滤电容器C1和反应器L、平滑电容器C2、以及包含功率晶体管Q1～Q14和二极管D1～D14的IPM后装载。根据图10的例子，能够在抑制马达-逆变器一体构造的制造成本过度增大的同时，使得在装载空间上比较富余而实现驱动单元的小型化。
概括上述内容，则如下：本实施方式的车辆的驱动系统包括作为“电源”的蓄电池900、作为使用来自蓄电池900的电力来驱动车辆或者被车辆驱动的“旋转电机”的电动发电机MG1和MG2、与电动发电机MG1和MG2成为一体并具有逆变器720和730且控制电动发电机MG2的“电气设备”的PCU 700、作为冷却逆变器720和730的“第一制冷剂”的冷却水1350、作为冷却电动发电机MG1和MG2的“第二制冷剂”的油1050。PCU 700包括作为“第一电容器”的平滑电容器C2、以及作为设置在相对于平滑电容器C2在电气上靠近蓄电池900的一侧的“第二电容器”的过滤电容器C1。这里，平滑电容器C2被冷却水1350冷却，滤电容器C1被油1050冷却。
上述车辆的驱动系统包括作为安装在PCU 700上的“冷却器”的冷却板1200。冷却水1350是在冷却板1200中流动的制冷剂。另外，油1050存积于在容纳电动发电机MG1、MG2的壳体上形成的油存积部100。
另外，在本实施方式的驱动系统中，电动发电机MG1、MG2设置在位于车辆前方的发动机室2内。另一方面，蓄电池900设置在比电动发电机MG1、MG2靠向车辆后方的一侧。配置在在电气上靠近蓄电池900的一侧的过滤电容器C1被配置于比平滑电容器C2靠向车辆后方的一侧。
更具体地说，在本实施方式的车辆的驱动系统中，PCU 700包括进行直流电压的升压或降压的变换器710、以及进行直流电压与交流电压的相互变换的逆变器720和730，平滑电容器C2与逆变器720、730进行电性并联连接，过滤电容器C1在电气上设置在蓄电池900和变换器710之间。
以上说明了本发明的实施方式，此次公开的实施方式不是所有方面的例示，更不是限定性的。本发明的范围包括通过权利要求来示出，并与权利要求相等的含义以及在其范围内的所有的变更。
产业上的可利用性
本发明例如可适用于控制旋转电机和控制该旋转电机的工作的电气设备成为一体的车辆的驱动系统。

Claims (3)

1.一种车辆的驱动系统，包括：
电源(900)；
旋转电机(MG1、MG2)，使用来自所述电源(900)的电力来驱动车辆，或者被车辆驱动；
电气设备(700)，与所述旋转电机(MG1、MG2)成为一体并具有逆变器(720、730)，对该旋转电机(MG1、MG2)进行控制；
第一制冷剂(1350)，冷却所述逆变器(720、730)；以及
第二制冷剂(1050)，冷却所述旋转电机(MG1、MG2)；
其中，所述电气设备(700)包括第一电容器(C2)和第二电容器(C1)，所述第二电容器(C1)设置在相对于所述第一电容器(C2)在电气上靠近所述电源(900)的一侧，
所述第一和第二电容器(C1、C2)中的一者被所述第一制冷剂(1350)冷却，所述第一和第二电容器(C1、C2)中的另一者被所述第二制冷剂(1050)冷却，
还包括：
冷却器(1200)，被安装在所述逆变器(720、730)上；以及
壳体，容纳所述旋转电机(MG1、MG2)；
所述第一制冷剂(1350)包括在所述冷却器(1200)内流动的制冷剂，
所述第二制冷剂(1050)包括存积在所述壳体内的油(1050)，
所述第一电容器(C2)具有比所述第二电容器(C1)大的容量，
所述第一电容器(C2)被所述第一制冷剂(1350)冷却，
所述第二电容器(C1)被所述第二制冷剂(1050)冷却。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆的驱动系统，其中，
所述电气设备(700)包括变换器(710)，该变换器(710)进行直流电压的升压或降压，
所述第一电容器(C2)在电气上与所述逆变器(720、730)并联连接，
所述第二电容器(C1)在电气上被设置在所述电源(900)和所述变换器(710)之间。
3.如权利要求1所述的车辆的驱动系统，其中，
所述旋转电机(MG1、MG2)被设置在位于车辆前方的发动机室(2)内，
所述电源(900)被设置在比所述旋转电机(MG1、MG2)靠向车辆后方的一侧，
所述第二电容器(C1)配置在比所述第一电容器(C2)靠向车辆后方的一侧。
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