CN101668445B - 在面罩顶部段反向侧上具有凹型部分的免维护呼吸器 - Google Patents
在面罩顶部段反向侧上具有凹型部分的免维护呼吸器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明描述了一种免维护呼吸器10,其包括面罩带具和面罩主体11。面罩主体11具有至少一层过滤介质56并具有包括上区段34的周边32。当从俯视图观察面罩主体时,上区段34包括分别位于中心平面40的第一侧和第二侧上的第一凹型区段36和第二凹型区段38。这种构型的免维护呼吸器10佩戴舒适,并能向佩戴者的面部、特别是在佩戴者每一只眼睛的下面提供紧密的贴合性,同时具有提高与各种防护眼镜的相容性的能力。
Description
本发明涉及一种免维护呼吸器,其具有周边,包括位于面罩主体的顶部段上的第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段。凹型区段设置在平分面罩主体的中心平面的反向侧上。
背景技术
免维护呼吸器(有时称为“过滤面罩”或“过滤面具”)佩戴在使用者呼吸通道的上方,用于两个共同目的:(1)抑制杂质或污染物进入佩戴者的呼吸道;和(2)保护其他人员或事物不接触佩戴者呼出的病原体和其他污染物。在第一种情况下,在空气含有对佩戴者有害的颗粒的环境中(例如在汽车车身修理店中)佩戴免维护呼吸器。在第二种情况下,在存在对其他人员或事物造成污染的危险的环境中(例如在操作间或洁净室中)佩戴呼吸器。
与使用橡胶或弹性面罩主体和可附接滤筒或嵌件成型滤芯的呼吸器(参见如授予Braun的美国专利4,790,306)不同的是,免维护呼吸器具有掺入到面罩主体中的过滤介质,从而不需要安装或更换滤筒。因此,免维护呼吸器的重量相对轻,并且易用。
为了达到上述目的中的任何一个,免维护呼吸器在设置在佩戴者的面部上时应该佩戴舒适,并能保持紧密的贴合性。已知免维护呼吸器在脸颊和下巴的上方可以大部分地匹配人面部的轮廓。然而,在鼻部区域中,特别是在鼻部的上方和佩戴者的每一个只睛的下面存在复杂的轮廓变化,这使得实现紧密的贴合性更具挑战性。如果在佩戴者面部的这部分上未能获得紧密的贴合性,则空气会不经过滤介质而进入或退出呼吸器内部。如果发生这种情况,污染物可能会进入佩戴者的呼吸道,或其他人员或事物可能会接触佩戴者呼出的污染物。此外,佩戴者的眼镜可能会变得模糊不清,这当然使佩戴者更难以看见,并对使用者和其他人员产生不安全的情况。
免维护呼吸器使用者往往还需要戴防护眼镜。当结合防护眼镜佩戴呼吸器时,在这两种个人安全制品之间有时会存在冲突。呼吸器会(例如)阻碍眼镜正确地架在佩戴者的面部上。
通常在呼吸器上使用鼻夹来实现呼吸器在佩戴者鼻部上方的紧密的贴合性。常规的鼻夹使用了延展性、线性的铝带-参见(例如)美国专利5,307,796、4,600,002、3,603,315;还可参见英国专利申请GB2,103,491A。最近的产品已使用了“M”形的展性金属带,以提高鼻部地区中的贴合性-参见授予Castiglione的美国专利5,558,089和Des.(外观设计专利)412,573-或弹簧支承和可变形的塑料-参见美国公开No.US2007/0044803A1和美国专利申请序列No.11/236,283。鼻部泡沫另外已在面罩顶部段上使用,以提高佩戴者的舒适性和贴合性-参见美国专利申请序列No.11/553,082和No.11/459,949。
虽然鼻夹和鼻部泡沫的确有助于在佩戴者的鼻部的上方提高舒适性和提供紧密的贴合性,但在佩戴者每一只眼睛的下面的区域中仍然可以存在用于提高舒适性和贴合性方面的空间。如果可以通过改变面罩主体的结构来实现这种在舒适性和贴合性方面的提高,呼吸器佩戴者在污染环境中时不太可能从其面部移动面罩。贴合性的提高也可以有助于缓解免维护呼吸器和防护眼镜之间的冲突。
发明内容
本发明涉及提高在免维护呼吸器和防护眼镜之间的相容性,同时还实现了佩带者的鼻部和眼睛上方的紧密的贴合性。本发明的免维护呼吸器包括面罩主体,其包括至少一个过滤介质层。面罩主体还具有包括上区段的周边,当从俯视图观察面罩主体时,其具有分别位于中心平面的第一侧和第二侧上的第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段。带具被固定到面罩主体,从而它可以支承在佩戴者的面部上。
本发明与常规的呼吸器的不同之处在于面罩主体沿着周边的上区段被造形。面罩主体包括第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段,其设置在平分面罩俯视图的中心平面的反向侧上。当通过投影到面罩主体顶部上的平面观察时,凹型区段类似于由面罩主体周边示踪通道中的“斜坡”或“切口”(参见图5a)。在常规的免维护呼吸器中,当透过这种平面进行观察时,周边一般来讲主要仅呈现直线或也许恒定的弧。通过构型鼻部区域上方和眼睛下面的面罩主体,本发明人发现可以实现良好、舒适的紧密的贴合性,同时也防止了佩戴者的眼镜变得模糊不清,并提高免维护呼吸器和防护眼镜之间的相容性。
术语表
正如本文件中所用,下列术语被定义为如下内容:
“中心平面”是指平分正交或垂直于其横跨维度的面罩的平面;
“清洁空气”是指一定量的大气环境空气已被过滤,以移除污染物;
“包括(或具有)”是指其在专利术语中按原样标准的定义,是与“包括”、“具有”、或“包含”通常同义的开放式术语。虽然“包括”、“含有”、“具有”、和“包含”及其变型形式均为常用的、开放式术语,但本发明也可以适当地使用例如“大致由…组成”的较狭义的术语进行描述,其为半开放式术语之处在于它仅排除那些在服务其预期功能的性能方面应当具有有害影响的事物或元素;
“凹型”是指与周边区段的通道相切的线条在“y”方向从左向右沿着周边通道移动时斜率减少,然后斜率增加(图5a);
“污染物”是指颗粒(包括粉尘、薄雾、和烟雾)和/或通常不会被视为颗粒(如有机蒸气等)但可悬浮在空气(包括呼出气流中的空气)中的其他物质;
“横跨维度”是在佩戴呼吸器时在整个佩戴者的鼻部延伸的维度;它与面罩主体的“纵向”(图5a中注明的“y”方向)维度同义;
“外部气体空间”是指呼出的气体在穿过且离开罩体和/或呼气阀之后进入的环境大气空间;
“过滤器”或“过滤层”是指一个或多个材料层,该层适应用于从穿过它的气流移除污染物(例如颗粒)的主要目的;
“过滤介质”是指透气结构,其设计用于移除从其中穿过的空气中的污染物;
“带具”是指协助支承佩戴者面部上的面罩主体的结构或零件的组合;
“内部气体空间”是指面罩主体和人面部之间的空间;
“分界线”是指折叠、接缝、焊接线、粘结线、缝合线、铰合线、和/或其任何组合;
“免维护”是指面罩主体本身被设计成过滤透过它的空气-不存在附接到面罩主体或模制到面罩主体中的任何可独立识别的滤筒或插入的模制的滤芯以实现这个目的;
“面罩主体”是指透气的结构,其可以至少贴合人的鼻部和口部的上方,并有助于限定与外部气体空间隔开的内部气体空间;
“模制的”是指使元件(例如,成形层)在暴露于高温和/或压力之后呈现预定的形式;
“鼻夹”是指机械器件-除鼻部泡沫之外-该器件适应于在面罩主体上使用,以提高至少围绕佩戴者的鼻部的密封性;
“鼻部泡沫”是指泡沫型材料,以适应在面罩主体内部上设置,以当人在佩戴呼吸器时提高佩戴者在鼻部上方的贴合性和/或舒适性;
“鼻子区域”是指在佩戴呼吸器时在人的鼻子上方存在的部分;
“周边”是指面罩主体的外边缘,当人们佩戴呼吸器时,这个外边缘应当靠近佩戴者的面部设置;
“呼吸器”是指由人佩戴的设备,以在空气进入佩戴者的呼吸系统之前过滤空气;
“成形层”是指在正常处理条件下具有足够的结构完整性的层,以保持其所需的形状(以及由其支承的其他层的形状);
“顶部部分”是指在佩戴呼吸器时位于面罩主体上半部上并且会在鼻部的上方和眼睛的下面延伸的部分;
“俯视图”是指当投影到平面上时(如图5A中所见),面罩主体的周边或后部朝着页面的顶部就位,并且前部面对底部;
“上区段”是指当佩戴呼吸器时,在鼻部区域的上方和佩戴者的眼睛的下面延伸的周边的部分;以及
“没有来自变形的鼻夹的任何强加的贴合”是指面罩在其没有通过鼻夹变形而被变形或成形的条件下具有这种形状。
附图说明
图1示出根据本发明的示例性呼吸器10的透视图;
图2示出根据本发明的呼吸器10的前视图;
图3示出根据本发明的呼吸器面罩主体11的后视图;
图4示出根据本发明的呼吸器10的右侧视图;
图5a示出根据本发明的面罩主体11的俯视图;
图5b为图5a所示的第一凹型区段36的俯视图的放大视图;
图6示出面罩主体11在折叠状态下的后视图;
图7为沿图6的线条7-7截取的面罩主体11的剖视图;以及
图8a和图8b分别示出中心面板和顶面板的放大的横截面。
具体实施方式
在本发明的操作中,提供新的免维护呼吸面罩,其满足在面罩顶部部分中对提高舒适性和贴合性的需要。这样便向本发明的呼吸器提供了包括上区段的周边,上区段包括第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段。当从俯视图观察面罩主体时,这些凹型区段分别位于二等分的中心平面的第一侧和第二侧上。第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段可从已知的现有技术面罩的构型作为“切口”提供,例如3M的Brand 9000 Series平折面罩。
图1-5示出新的平折免维护呼吸面罩10的实例,其包括面罩主体11(具有顶部部分或顶面板12、中心面板14、和底面板16)。面板12、14、和16以敞开的状况示出-即呼吸器10随时可以佩戴。中心面板14由第一分界线18和第二分界线20与顶面板12和底面板16分开。在储存面罩时,顶面板12和底面板16每一个都可以朝着中心面板14的背侧向内折叠(图6-7),并且可以向外打开以放置在佩戴者的面部上(图1-5)。当面罩主体11从其开口构型到封闭构型被取用时(或反之亦然),顶面板12和底面板16分别围绕第一分界线18和第二分界线20旋转。从这个意义上讲,第一分界线18和第二分界线20分别充当用于顶面板12和底面板16的第一铰链和第二铰链或第一轴线和第二轴线。呼吸器10也可以具有第一凸缘或第一调整面板22和第二凸缘或第二调整面板24,其提供用于固定带具(可以包括带子或弹性带26)的区域。授予Henderson等人的美国专利D449,377示出可以作为带子固定区域使用的调整带的实例。在每一个凸缘22、24处,带子或带26可以用钩环固定、胶合、焊接、或以其他方式固定到面罩主体11,以保持面罩主体11紧靠佩戴者的面部。可以采用超声焊接将带具紧固到面罩主体的压缩元件的实例在授予Castiglione的美国专利6,729,332和6,705,317中有所描述。也可以无需使用单独的附件元件,将带直接焊接到面罩主体-参见授予Xue等人的美国专利6,332,465。可能会使用的其他带具的实例在授予Brostrom等人的美国专利5,394,568、以及授予Seppala等人的美国专利5,237,986、以及授予Brostrom等人的美国专利EP 608684A中有所描述。顶面板12可以包括鼻夹28其由延展性的金属(例如铝)带制成,该金属带仅通过手指压力便可适形,以使呼吸器适应到佩戴者在鼻部区域中的面部构型。合适的鼻夹在上述背景技术部分中描述。鼻夹可以设置在面罩外部或面罩内部、或具有面罩主体的各种层之间。
如图3所示,呼吸器10还可以包括鼻部泡沫30,其沿着顶面板12的面罩主体周边32向内设置。合适的鼻部泡沫的实例在本文上述背景技术部分中也提到。鼻部泡沫可围绕面罩主体的整个内周长延伸,并且可包括佩戴面罩时接触佩戴者面部的热致变色贴合指示材料。来自面部接触的热量导致热致变色材料改变颜色,以允许佩戴者确定是否已经建立正确的贴合-参见授予Springett等人的美国专利5,617,749。也可以对面罩主体11顶部部分中的特性结构进行改动,以增加在面罩主体该部分中的压力,从而不太可能发生眼镜雾化-参见与本文同日提交、名称为Maintenance-FreeAnti-Fog Respirator(免维护反防雾呼吸器)的共同待审的美国专利申请11/743,716。
图5a和图5b示出面罩主体周边32具有上区段34,当通过投影到呼吸器的俯视图上的平面观察面罩主体11时,其包括分别位于中心平面40的第一侧和第二侧上的第一凹型区段36和第二凹型区段38。鼻夹28和代表周边上区段34的长度的箭头线在面罩主体11的横跨维度中延伸。面罩主体周边32被成形为在鼻梁的上方、在整个面颊的上方并围绕面颊、以及在下巴的下面接触佩戴者的面部。面罩主体11围绕佩戴者的鼻部和口部形成封闭的空间,并且可以呈现与佩戴者的面部以间距关系存在的弯曲的、投影的形状。其他面罩主体形状的实例在以下美国专利中示出:授予Kronzer等人的7,131,442、授予Angadjivand等人的6,923,182、授予Chen等人的6,394,090(以及授予Chen的D448,472和D443,927)、授予Bostock等人的6,722,366、授予Bowers的RE37,974、授予Japuntich的4,827,924、以及授予Skov的4,850,347。中心平面40平分面罩11的鼻部区域41,从而在平面40的每一侧上通常形成对称性。在“y”方向沿着周边线条32的上区段34从面罩主体11的左侧向右侧移动的情况下,在第一凹型区段36开始处与周边的上区段相切的线条相对于此前的切线斜率降低,然后沿着周边的上区段朝鼻部区域41移动的相对于此前的切线斜率开始增加。在由平面40注明的面罩的中间部分处,周边32的切线是不确定的或平行于“y”轴的。在中心平面40的另一侧上,与周边的上区段34相切的线条斜率降低,然后相对于沿着上区段34朝右侧末端移动的此前的切线再次增加。在每一个凹型区段36和38中,与周边的上区段相切的线条的斜率可以(但不是不可避免地)包括负斜率和正斜率两者。在第一凹型区段36中,到周边的切线的斜率在变成正值之前可以为较小的负值(在“y”方向移动)。在第二凹型区段38中,与周边32的上区段34相切的线条的斜率在变成较小的正值之前可以为负值(在“y”方向沿着周边移动)。
在点42处从上区段34的周边32的开始到相对端点44,存在五个拐点。第一拐点46位于与周边32相切线条的斜率开始降低之处;第二拐点48发生在切线斜率开始再次增加之处;第三拐点49大约位于平面40平分面罩主体之处;第四拐点50发生在切线斜率开始再次增加之处;以及第五拐点52发生在切线斜率开始再次降低之处。面罩主体11可以在没有来自变形的鼻夹的任何强加的贴合的情况下沿着周边的上区段34呈现造形的构型。
如图5b所示,每一个凹型区段36(和38)都具有在拐点46(和52)和中心平面40之间分别延伸的弦线Lc。弦线Lc具有的长度为约3厘米(cm)至7cm,优选约4cm至6cm,更优选约5cm。第一区段和第二区段36(和38)的周边32的路径长度Lp通常为比弦长Lc长约0.5毫米(mm)至5mm,并且通常为比弦长Lc长约1mm至3mm。
每一个凹型区段36、38的深度d为约2mm至11mm,更通常约4mm至9mm,而且更通常约5mm至7mm。
如图6和图7所示,可以将面罩主体11平折储存。当设置在折叠的状况下时,可以将顶面板12和底面板16朝着中心面板14的后表面53向内折叠。通常,将底面板16在顶面板12之前向内折叠。如图7所示,可以将下面板16在其自身上往回折叠,从而当将面罩主体从其折叠的状况打开时,可更容易地将其抓住。面板中的每一个还可以包括折叠、接缝、褶皱、肋等,以有助于向面罩提供结构和/或独特的外观。可以沿着周边32包括一个或多个调整面板,以有助于将面罩主体11从其折叠的状况打开到其打开即用的状况-参见与本文同日提交、名称为Maintenance-FreeFlat-Fold Respirator That Includes A Graspable Tab(包括可抓式调整面板的免维护平折呼吸器)的美国专利申请11/743,723。
如图8a和图8b所示,面罩主体可以包括多个层。这些层可以包括内和外覆盖纤维网54、过滤层56、加强层58、和外覆盖纤维网60。平折构型的免维护呼吸器可根据在美国专利6,123,077、6,484,722、6,536,434、6,568,392、6,715,489、6,722,366、6,886,563、7,069,930、和授予Bostock等人的美国专利公布No.US2006/0180152A1和EP0814871B1中所述的工艺进行制造。
如果成形层被模制成其所需的杯成形构型以用于佩戴,面罩主体可以包括成形层。在周边处,使用各种技术,包括粘结剂粘结和超声焊接,可以将具有面罩主体的层结合在一起。合适的粘结式样的实例在授予Henderson等人的美国专利D416,323中示出。这些各种层以及它们如何可以构造的说明在以下示出。
加强层
在面罩面板中的一个或多个中可任选地包括面罩主体。顾名思义,加强层的目的是相对于其他面板或部分增加面罩主体的面板或部分的硬度。更硬的面板可以有助于将面罩主体支承离开使用者的面部。加强层可以位于面板的任何组合中,但优选位于面罩主体的中心面板中。向面罩中心给予支承有助于防止面罩主体在使用时收缩到使用者的鼻部和口部上,同时使顶面板和底面板保持相对适形,以有助于密封到佩戴者的面部。加强层可以设置在面板的分层结构内的任何点处,并且通常为紧靠覆盖纤维网并置的。
加强层可由任何数量的基于纤维网的材料形成。这些材料可以包括由任何数量的通常可用的聚合物(包括聚丙烯、聚乙烯等等)制成的类似开孔网面板的结构或纤维网。加强层也可衍生自再次由聚丙烯或聚乙烯制成的基于纺粘结网的材料。加强层的显著特性是其硬度相对于面罩主体内的其他层为更大。
过滤层
在发明的面罩主体中使用的过滤层可为颗粒捕集或气体和蒸气型过滤层。过滤层也可以为防止液体从过滤层的一侧转移到另一侧的阻挡层,以防止(例如)液体气溶胶或液体飞溅渗透过滤层。类似或相异过滤器类型的多层可以用来按照应用的要求构造本发明的过滤层。可以在本发明的分层面罩主体中有力地利用的过滤器一般来讲具有低压降(例如在13.8厘米每秒的面速度下小于约20mmH2O至30mmH2O),以最小化面罩佩戴者的呼吸工作量。另外,过滤层为柔性的和具有足够的抗剪强度,从而它们一般都保持其预期使用条件下的结构。一般来说,抗剪强度要么小于粘合剂层、要么小于成形层。颗粒捕集过滤器的实例包括一个或多个细小无机纤维(如玻璃纤维)网或聚合物型合成纤维网。合成纤维网可以包括由例如熔吹的处理制成的驻极体充电的聚合物型微纤维。聚烯烃微纤维由聚丙烯形成,其已被驻极体充电,从而得到某些实用性以用于颗粒捕集应用。交替的过滤层可以具有用于从呼吸空气中移除危害性或有味气体的吸附剂组分。吸附剂可以包括在过滤层中由粘接剂、粘合剂、或纤维结构界定的粉末或颗粒-参见授予Braun的美国专利3,971,373。吸附剂层可通过涂布基底(例如纤维或网状泡沫)形成,以形成薄的连贯层。吸附剂材料可以包括经过或没有经过化学处理的活性炭、多孔氧化铝-二氧化硅催化剂基底、和氧化铝。
过滤层通常经过选择以实现所需的过滤效果,并且一般来讲,从由其穿过的气流中移除高比例的颗粒和/或其他污染物。对于纤维过滤层而言,选择的纤维取决于要过滤的物质种类,并且通常经过选择,从而它们在模铸过程中不会被粘合在一起。如所指出的那样,过滤层可以有各种形状和形式。它通常具有约0.2毫米(mm)至1厘米(cm)的厚度,更通常约0.3mm至0.5cm,并且它可能是与成形或加强层共同扩张的平面网,或者它可能是相对于成形层具有膨胀表面积的波纹网-参见(例如)授予Braun等人的美国专利5,804,295和5,656,368。过滤层还可以包括由粘合剂组分接合在一起的多层过滤介质。已知用于形成直接模制的呼吸面罩的过滤层的大致任何合适的材料,都可以用于过滤材料。熔吹纤维网,例如在Wente、Van A.的Superfine Thermoplastic Fibers,48 Indus.Engn.Chem.(超细热塑性纤维,48工业与工程化学),第1342页及后续页等等(1956年)中所教导的,特别是以永久带电(驻极体)的形式存在时是特别可用的(参见(例如)授予Kubik等人的美国专利No.4,215,682)。这些熔吹纤维可以是有效直径小于约20微米(mm)的微纤维(称为“吹塑微纤维”,简称BMF),通常约1mm至12mm。有效纤维直径可以根据Davies,C.N.的The Separation Of Airborne Dust Particles,Institution OfMechanical Engineers,London,Proceedings 1B,1952(气载尘粒的分离,机械工程师学会,伦敦,第1B项,1952年)确定。特别优选的是包含由聚丙烯、聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯)、以及它们的组合形成的纤维的BMF网。如在van Turnhout的美国专利Re.31,285中所教导,带电荷的原纤化薄膜纤维也可以为合适的,以及松香-羊毛纤维网和玻璃纤维网或溶液吹塑网、或静电喷涂纤维网,特别是以微缩胶卷的形式。如在以下美国专利中所公开的,通过使纤维与水接触,可将电荷赋予给纤维:授予Eitzman等人的6,824,718、授予Angadjivand等人的6,783,574、授予Insley等人的6,743,464、授予Eitzman等人的6,454,986和6,406,657、以及授予Angadjivand等人的6,375,886和5,496,507。如在授予Klasse等人的美国专利4,588,537中所公开的通过电晕充电、或如在授予Brown的美国专利4,798,850中所公开的通过摩擦充电,也可将电荷赋予给纤维。另外,纤维中可以包括添加剂,以提高通过液压充电过程制备的网的过滤性能(参见授予Rousseau等人的美国专利5,908,598)。特别是氟原子可以设置在过滤层中的纤维表面处,以提高油性雾环境中年的过滤性能-参见授予Jones等人的美国专利6,398,847B1、6,397,458B1、以及6,409,806B1。用于驻极体BMF过滤层的通常的基重为约15克每平方米至100克每平方米。当根据(例如)’507专利中所述的技术进行充电时,并且当包括在授予Jones等人的专利中提到的氟原子时,基重可以分别为约20g/m2至40g/m2以及约10g/m2至30g/m2。
覆盖纤维网
可以使用内覆盖纤维网,从而得到平滑表面以用于接触佩戴者的面部,并且可以使用外覆盖纤维网,以收集面罩主体中的松散纤维或获得美观效果。覆盖纤维网通常不会为面罩主体提供任何大量的形状保持。为了获得适当的舒适度,内覆盖纤维网优选具有比较轻的基重,并且由比较细的纤维组成。更具体地讲,可以将覆盖纤维网的式样确定为具有约5g/m2至50g/m2(通常10g/m2至30g/m2)的基重,并且纤维小于3.5纤度(通常小于2纤度、更通常小于1纤度)。在覆盖纤维网中使用的纤维通常具有大约5微米至24微米的平均纤维直径,通常约7微米至18微米,更通常约8微米至12微米。
覆盖纤维网材料可以在由其形成面罩主体的模制工序中适用,并且就此而言,有利地具有一定程度的弹性(通常(但并非不可避免地)在断裂处为100%至200%),或为可塑性变形的。
适用于覆盖纤维网的材料为吹塑微纤维(BMF)材料,特别是聚烯烃BMF材料,例如聚丙烯BMF材料(包括聚丙烯共混物而且包括聚丙烯和聚乙烯共混物)。用于生产覆盖纤维网的BMF材料的合适的工艺在授予Sabee等人的美国专利4,013,816中有所描述。可以通过收集平滑表面(通常是平滑表面处理的筒)上的纤维来形成纤维网。
通常的覆盖纤维网可以由聚丙烯或含有50重量%或更多聚丙烯的聚丙烯/聚烯烃共混物制成。已发现这些材料向佩戴者提供高度的柔软性和舒适性,而且当过滤材料是聚丙烯BMF材料时,在模铸操作之后保持固定到过滤材料,而在层之间不需要粘合剂。用于覆盖纤维网的通常的材料是聚烯烃BMF材料,其具有约15克每平方米(g/m2)至35g/m2),以及约0.1纤度至3.5纤度,并且由类似于在’816专利中所述的工艺制备。在覆盖纤维网中适用的聚烯烃材料可以包括(例如)单个聚丙烯、两种聚丙烯共混物、聚丙烯和聚乙烯共混物、聚丙烯和聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯)共混物、和/或聚丙烯和聚丁烯共混物。用于覆盖纤维网的纤维的一个实例是由得自ExxonCorporation的聚丙烯树脂“Escorene 3505G”制成的聚丙烯BMF,并且具有约25g/m2的基重和在0.2至3.1范围内的纤度(在100根纤维上测量的平均值约0.8)。另一种合适的纤维是聚丙烯/聚乙烯BMF(由另外得自Exxon Corporation的包括85%的树脂的“Escorene 3505G”和15%的乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物“Exact 4023”的混合物制成),其具有25g/m2的基重和约0.8的平均纤度。其他合适的材料可以包括可以商品名“Corosoft Plus20”、“Corosoft Classic 20”和“Corovin PP-S-14”得自CorovinGmbH(Peine,Germany)的纺粘材料,以及可以商品名“370/15”得自J.W.Suominen OY(Nakila,Finland)的梳理成网的聚丙烯/粘胶纤维材料。
本发明中所使用的覆盖纤维网在处理之后优选具有很少的从表面突出的纤维,因此具有平滑的外表面。在本发明中可以使用的覆盖纤维网的实例在(例如)授予Angadjivand的美国专利6,041,782、授予Bostock等人的美国专利6,123,077以及授予Bostock等人的WO 96/28216A中公开。
成形层
如果面罩主体呈现模制的构型、而不是图示的平折构型的话,面罩主体可以包含支承在其内侧或外侧上的过滤层的成形层。与第一成形层具有相同的一般形状的第二成形层也可在过滤层的每一侧上使用。成形层的功能主要是为了保持面罩主体的形状和支承过滤层。虽然外成形层也可起到用于吸入面罩的空气的粗略的初始过滤器的功能,但呼吸器的主要过滤作用由过滤介质提供。
成形层可以由至少一个纤维材料层形成,其可以使用热能模制成所需的形状,并当冷却时保持其形状。形状保持通常通过致使纤维在其之间的接触点处相互粘结(例如通过融合或焊接)来实现。用于制备直接模制的呼吸面罩的形状保持层的任何合适的材料可以用来形成面罩外壳,包括合成原料纤维的混合物,优选卷曲的、和双组分短纤维。双组分纤维为包括两个或更多个不同区域的纤维材料、通常不同区域的聚合物材料的纤维。通常的双组分纤维包括粘结剂组分和结构组分。粘结剂组分允许形状保持外壳的纤维在加热和冷却时在纤维交叉点处被粘合在一起。在加热期间,粘结剂组分流动与邻近的纤维接触。形状保持层可由纤维混合物制成,其包括可以在(例如)0/100重量%至约75/25重量%的范围内的短纤维和双组分纤维。优选地,材料包括至少50重量%的双组分纤维,以创建更大数量的交叉粘合点,这些交叉粘合点又增加外壳的弹性和形状保持能力。
可以在成形层中使用的合适的双组分纤维包括(例如)并列型构型、同心皮芯型构型和椭圆皮芯型构型。一种合适的双组分纤维为可以商品名“KOSA T254”(12纤度、38mm长度)得自Kosa(Charlotte,NorthCarolina,U.S.A.)的聚酯双组分纤维,其可以与(例如)可以商品名“T259”(3纤度、38mm长度)得自Kosa的聚酯短纤维以及另外可能与(例如)可以商品名“T295”(15纤度、32mm长度)得自Kosa的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纤维联合使用。一般来讲,双组分纤维还可以包括同心皮芯型构型,同心皮芯型构型具有结晶PET的芯,结晶PET的芯被间苯二酸酯和对苯二酸酯基单体形成的聚合物的外皮所包围。后一种聚合物在低于芯材料的温度下为可加热软化的。聚酯的优点在于它可有助于面罩的回弹力,并且可吸收比其他纤维更少的水分。
成形层另外可在没有双组分纤维的条件下制备。例如,可热流动的聚酯纤维可与短纤维、优选卷曲的纤维一起包括在成形层中,从而在加热纤维网材料时,粘结剂纤维可熔融并流到纤维交点,其在纤维交点处形成整体,在粘结剂材料冷却时,在交点处创建化学键。聚合物型网面板或绞合线网也可代替可热粘合的纤维使用。该型结构的实例在授予Skov的美国专利4,850,347中有所描述。
当纤维网作为用于形状保持外壳的材料使用时,该网可在“RandoWebber”气流成网机(可得自Rando Machine Corporation(Macedon,New York))或粗梳机上便利地进行制备。该网可由双组分纤维或适用于这种设备的其他常规长度的短纤维形成。要获得具有所需的回弹力和形状保持能力的形状保持层,该层优选具有至少约100g/m2的基重,但较低基重是可以的。较重的基重(例如大约150g/m2或大于200g/m2)可以提供更大的抗变形能力。与这些最小基重一起,成形层在面罩的整个中心区域通常具有约0.2g/cm2的最大密度。通常,成形层的厚度为约0.3mm至2.0mm,更通常约0.4mm至0.8mm。使用成形层的模制的免维护呼吸器在授予Kronzer等人的美国专利7,131,442、授予Angadjivand等人的6,293,182、授予Skov的4,850,347、授予Dyrud等人的4,807,619、和授予Berg的4,536,440中有所描述。
模制的免维护呼吸器另外可以在不使用单独的成形层以支承过滤层的条件下进行制备。在这些呼吸器中,过滤层另外起到成形层的作用-参见授予Springett等人的美国专利6,827,764和授予Krueger等人的美国专利6,057,256。
呼吸器另外可以包括允许使用者容易呼出空气的任选的呼气阀。在呼气期间呈现格外低压降的呼气阀在以下美国专利中有所描述:授予Martin等人的7,188,622、7,028,689、和7,013,895;授予Japuntich等人的7,117,868、6,854,463、6,843,248、和5,325,892;和授予Mittelstadt等人的6,883,518。可以通过多种手段(包括声波焊接、粘附力粘接、机械夹持等等)将呼气阀固定到、优选靠近中心面板的中间-参见(例如)授予Curran等人的美国专利7,069,931、7,007,695、6,959,709、和6,604,524以及授予Williams等人的美国专利EP1,030,721。
眼镜相容性研究
进行这项研究是为了确定在免维护呼吸器和防护眼镜之间的物理重叠量,并评价在这两项个人防护装备(PPE)之间的相容性。常规的呼吸器和本发明的呼吸器均装配到EN149:2001 European Standard(欧洲标准)中所使用的单独的Sheffield人体模型头部上。然后,将各种安全眼镜安装到人体模型头部的整个鼻梁区域。然后,拍摄常规呼吸器和安全眼镜的每一种组合、以及本发明的呼吸器和安全眼镜的数码照面板,以允许观察这两项PPE之间的重叠情况。用于比较目的的常规的呼吸为可得自3M公司的Occupational Health&Environmental Safety Division(职业卫生及事故管理程序;环境安全部)(St.Paul,Minnesota)的3M Brand 9322呼吸器。这种呼吸器具有类似于以下美国专利中示出的呼吸器的构型:授予Henderson等人的D449,377、授予Bryant等人的Des.424,688、和授予Henderson等人的Des.416,323。本发明的免维护呼吸器具有以下:
实例
顶面板和底面板:
一个50克每平方米(gsm)纺粘聚丙烯覆盖纤维网,105OB1UO0型,可得自Don and Low Nonwovens(Forfar,Scotland,United Kingdom)(外层);
两个充电的熔吹聚丙烯微纤维过滤层,其具有100g/m的基重、7微米至8微米的有效纤维直径、和约1mm的厚度;以及
平滑熔吹聚丙烯微纤维(内层)。
中心面板:
一个90克每平方米(gsm)纺粘聚丙烯XAVAN 5261W加强层(被立即插入外覆盖纤维网下面;可得自E.I.DuPont de Nemours(Luxembourg,France))。
面罩组件:
将这些面板结构的长度搁置成5米(m)的带子,并使用摆动式液压机将其冲切成正确的形状(约350mm×300mm)用于三个面板中的每一个。将顶面板、底面板、中心面板坯件每一个都单独地切削。
将底面板布置到超声焊接机中,使得面板的切削凸置边缘在焊接砧的上方定位。将焊接机循环操作,使焊接时间设定在500毫秒(ms),并完成底面板焊接。
使用设定在相同的设定值的超声焊接机以同样的方式处理上面板,但采用焊接砧,以匹配上切削边缘的分布。然后进行进一步的整理操作,以将25mm宽的开孔的聚氨酯鼻部泡沫贴合到与焊接的凸置边缘相邻的内网的外表面。然后将其切削,以匹配上面板边缘的分布。使用热熔粘合剂将5mm×0.7mm×140mm的延展性铝条固定到外覆盖纤维网的内表面。
将中心面板坯件设置到超声焊接机上,并且切削阀孔。然后将呼气阀插入焊机中,并且将设置到600ms焊接时间的焊机再次循环以在开口处焊接该阀。
现在,三个面板都是完整的,并且随时可以被结合,以生产呼吸器的面罩主体。
利用具有与周边焊接分布匹配的焊接砧的超声焊接机,将所有三个面板接合在一起。首先使用定位标志将中心面板搁置在整个焊接砧上,以相对于周边分布来定位中心面板,使阀面朝下,并使平滑BMF面朝上。将焊接砧安装在横动基座上,使得它可在焊头下面前后移动。然后,使用定位标志将下面板在整个中心面板上定位,使外纤维网面朝上。然后,使用定位标志将上面板设置在在整个中心面板和下面板上,使外纤维网面朝上。然后,从下面板开始到中心面板,将所有的面板结合在一起。然后开始焊接循环操作,以用于通过将砧定位在焊头的下面来将下面板焊接到中心面板。重复这个操作,以用于上面板。图5b所示的Lc、Lp、和d的维度分别具有49mm、50mm、和6mm的维度。
面罩主体为完整的,并且带具的头带被连接。切削约21cm长的两根聚异戊二烯带子,以在横跨维度中匹配面罩主体的长度。利用手动打钉枪,并使面罩主体取向,使得钉脚在穿透面罩主体时会在外表面的上方折叠,用钉子在本产品的任一末端处将头带钉起来。两次进行这一操作,在产品的背部提供上头带和下头带。
在制备本实例的呼吸器中,也可以参考以上引用的授予Bostock等人的专利。
在3M公司处的许多人都佩戴了本发明的呼吸器,并且发现它与佩戴者的面部获得了紧密的贴合性。
另外,针对19种不同类型的眼镜,对本发明的呼吸器进行了EyewearCompatibility Study(眼镜相容性研究)。测定结果在下表1中示出:
表1
安全眼镜牌号 | 眼镜相容性测定结果 |
3M 2720 | 已消除 |
3M 2730 | 已消除 |
3M 2740 | 已简化 |
AOS Elys | 已简化 |
AOS 3000 | 已消除 |
AOS X sport | 已消除 |
Bolle Axis | 已消除 |
Bolle Frisco | 已简化 |
Crews Storm | 已简化 |
Galileo Alligator | 已简化 |
Galileo Raptor | 已消除 |
Pulsafe Milenia | 已消除 |
Pulsafe Optema | 已消除 |
Pulsafe XC | 已简化 |
Uvex Cybric | 已消除 |
Uvex Gravity | 已简化 |
Uvex Ivo | 已简化 |
Uves Skylite | 已简化 |
Uves Skyper | 已简化 |
测定结果表明,在测定的一半数量的眼镜中,在眼镜和呼吸器面罩主体之间没有任何重叠。剩下的一半数量的眼镜呈现出简化的重叠。因此,当与未经修改的呼吸器相比时,这两项PPE之间的相容性得到提高,这在整个所有19副眼镜上,在PPE之间呈现出基本的重叠。
在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可对本发明进行各种修改和更改。因此,本发明并不限于上述方案,而是受下述权利要求书及其任何等同物的限定。
本发明另外可以在不存在本文具体描述的任何元件的情况下适当地实施。
以上引用的所有专利和专利申请,包括在发明背景技术部分中的那些专利和专利申请,均以引用的方式全文并入本文。就这种被并入的文件中的公开和上述说明书之间存在的冲突或差异的程度而言,将以上述说明书为准。
Claims (28)
1.一种免维护呼吸器,包括:
(a)面罩带具;和
(b)面罩主体,其包括至少一层过滤介质,所述面罩主体具有周边,所述周边包括上区段,当从俯视图观察所述面罩主体时,所述上区段包括第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段,所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段分别位于中心平面的第一侧和第二侧上,其中,所述周边具有位于除了用于附接所述面罩带具的调整面板之外的所述周边的上区段上的五个拐点。
2.根据权利要求1所述的免维护呼吸器,其中所述面罩主体可被折平并包括多个面板,当佩戴所述呼吸器时,位于鼻部上方且位于佩戴者的眼睛下方的所述面板具有包括所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段的所述上区段。
3.根据权利要求1所述的免维护呼吸器,其中与所述周边的上区段相切的直线的斜率包括在所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段中的负斜率和正斜率两者。
4.根据权利要求1所述的免维护呼吸器,其中横跨各所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段延伸的弦线的长度为约3厘米至7厘米。
5.根据权利要求1所述的免维护呼吸器,其中横跨各所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段延伸的弦线的长度为约4厘米至6厘米。
6.根据权利要求5所述的免维护呼吸器,其中横跨各所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段延伸的弦线的长度为约5厘米。
7.根据权利要求5所述的免维护呼吸器,其中所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段的路径长度比所述弦长长约1毫米至3毫米。
8.根据权利要求1所述的免维护呼吸器,其中所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段均具有约2毫米至11毫米的深度d。
9.根据权利要求1所述的免维护呼吸器,其中所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段均具有约4毫米至9毫米的深度d。
10.根据权利要求1所述的免维护呼吸器,其中所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段均具有约5毫米至7毫米的深度d。
11.根据权利要求1所述的免维护呼吸器,其中所述面罩主体包括加强层、过滤层和覆盖纤维网。
12.根据权利要求1所述的免维护呼吸器,其中所述面罩主体包括过滤层、成形层和覆盖纤维网。
13.一种面罩主体,其包括至少一个过滤层并具有周边,所述周边包括上区段,当从俯视图观察所述面罩主体时,所述上区段具有第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段,所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段分别位于除了用于附接面罩带具的调整面板之外的中心平面的第一侧和第二侧上。
14.一种免维护呼吸器,包括:
(a)面罩带具;和
(b)面罩主体,其包括至少一层过滤介质,所述面罩主体具有鼻部区域和周边,所述周边包括上区段,当从俯视图观察所述面罩主体时,所述上区段包括第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段,所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段分别位于与所述鼻部区域相邻的中心平面的第一侧和第二侧上。
15.根据权利要求14所述的免维护呼吸器,其中所述面罩主体可被折平并包括多个面板,当佩戴所述呼吸器时,位于鼻部上方且位于佩戴者的眼睛下方的所述面板具有包括所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段的所述上区段。
16.根据权利要求14所述的免维护呼吸器,其中所述周边具有位于所述周边的上区段上的五个拐点。
17.根据权利要求14所述的免维护呼吸器,其中与所述周边的上区段相切的直线的斜率包括在所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段中的负斜率和正斜率两者。
18.根据权利要求14所述的免维护呼吸器,其中横跨各所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段延伸的弦线的长度为约3厘米至7厘米。
19.根据权利要求14所述的免维护呼吸器,其中横跨各所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段延伸的弦线的长度为约4厘米至6厘米。
20.根据权利要求19所述的免维护呼吸器,其中横跨各所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段延伸的弦线的长度为约5厘米。
21.根据权利要求19所述的免维护呼吸器,其中所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段的路径长度比所述弦长长约1毫米至3毫米。
22.根据权利要求14所述的免维护呼吸器,其中所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段均具有约2毫米至11毫米的深度d。
23.根据权利要求14所述的免维护呼吸器,其中所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段均具有约4毫米至9毫米的深度d。
24.根据权利要求14所述的免维护呼吸器,其中所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段均具有约5毫米至7毫米的深度d。
25.根据权利要求14所述的免维护呼吸器,其中所述面罩主体包括加强层、过滤层和覆盖纤维网。
26.根据权利要求14所述的免维护呼吸器,其中所述面罩主体包括过滤层、成形层和覆盖纤维网。
27.一种面罩主体,其包括至少一个过滤层并具有鼻部区域和周边,所述周边包括上区段,当从俯视图观察所述面罩主体时,所述上区段包括第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段,所述第一凹型区段和第二凹型区段分别位于与所述鼻部区域相邻的中心平面的第一侧和第二侧上。
28.根据权利要求27所述的面罩主体,其中所述上区段具有位于所述上区段上的五个拐点。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/743,734 US20080271739A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 | 2007-05-03 | Maintenance-free respirator that has concave portions on opposing sides of mask top section |
US11/743,734 | 2007-05-03 | ||
PCT/US2008/056370 WO2008137205A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 | 2008-03-10 | Maintenance-free respirator that has concave portions on opposing sides of mask top section |
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US (4) | US20080271739A1 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2175751B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2010525875A (zh) |
KR (2) | KR20160108604A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101668445B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE531284T1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0809786B1 (zh) |
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2007
- 2007-05-03 US US11/743,734 patent/US20080271739A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2008
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- 2008-03-10 WO PCT/US2008/056370 patent/WO2008137205A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-03-10 JP JP2010506355A patent/JP2010525875A/ja active Pending
- 2008-03-10 PL PL08731790T patent/PL2175751T3/pl unknown
- 2008-03-10 KR KR1020167024502A patent/KR20160108604A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-03-10 AT AT08731790T patent/ATE531284T1/de active
- 2008-03-10 KR KR1020097024078A patent/KR101716495B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2008-03-10 BR BRPI0809786-0A patent/BRPI0809786B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2008-03-10 EP EP11183704A patent/EP2428127A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-03-10 CN CN2008800139712A patent/CN101668445B/zh active Active
-
2017
- 2017-10-06 US US15/726,723 patent/US10827787B2/en active Active
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2020
- 2020-10-06 US US16/948,919 patent/US11877604B2/en active Active
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EP2175751A1 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
US20210015184A1 (en) | 2021-01-21 |
US10827787B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 |
KR20100017127A (ko) | 2010-02-16 |
US20080271739A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
EP2428127A3 (en) | 2012-08-15 |
EP2428127A2 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
EP2175751B1 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
US20180027899A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
CN101668445A (zh) | 2010-03-10 |
WO2008137205A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
BRPI0809786B1 (pt) | 2019-07-16 |
US11877604B2 (en) | 2024-01-23 |
ATE531284T1 (de) | 2011-11-15 |
KR101716495B1 (ko) | 2017-03-14 |
KR20160108604A (ko) | 2016-09-19 |
US20230363475A1 (en) | 2023-11-16 |
PL2175751T3 (pl) | 2012-02-29 |
BRPI0809786A2 (pt) | 2014-12-30 |
JP2010525875A (ja) | 2010-07-29 |
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