CN101636543B - 混合动力建筑机械的控制方法及混合动力建筑机械 - Google Patents

混合动力建筑机械的控制方法及混合动力建筑机械 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN101636543B
CN101636543B CN2008800086791A CN200880008679A CN101636543B CN 101636543 B CN101636543 B CN 101636543B CN 2008800086791 A CN2008800086791 A CN 2008800086791A CN 200880008679 A CN200880008679 A CN 200880008679A CN 101636543 B CN101636543 B CN 101636543B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
value
motor
generator motor
output
capacitor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN2008800086791A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN101636543A (zh
Inventor
森永淳
河口正
井上宏昭
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Komatsu Ltd
Original Assignee
Komatsu Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Komatsu Ltd filed Critical Komatsu Ltd
Publication of CN101636543A publication Critical patent/CN101636543A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN101636543B publication Critical patent/CN101636543B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2009Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B60L7/14Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/08Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
    • E02F9/10Supports for movable superstructures mounted on travelling or walking gears or on other superstructures
    • E02F9/12Slewing or traversing gears
    • E02F9/121Turntables, i.e. structure rotatable about 360°
    • E02F9/123Drives or control devices specially adapted therefor
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2062Control of propulsion units
    • E02F9/2075Control of propulsion units of the hybrid type
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2091Control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. battery or capacitors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/06Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving electric generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/40Working vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00Converter types
    • B60L2210/40DC to AC converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421Speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423Torque
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/427Voltage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/441Speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547Voltage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/24Driver interactions by lever actuation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/244Charge state
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/40Special vehicles
    • B60Y2200/41Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
    • B60Y2200/412Excavators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

本发明提供一种能够在不将电容器大容量化的情况下避免系统变得不能动作并且能够抑制回旋动作相对于回旋操作时的操作指令的滞后的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法及混合动力建筑机械。为了实现上述目的,在电容器放电时分别参照与发电机马达的电容器电压对应的辅助扭矩限制值及与回旋马达的电容器电压对应的回旋牵引扭矩限制值来生成各个实际扭矩指令值,而在电容器充电时生成发电机马达的实际目标输出值。

Description

混合动力建筑机械的控制方法及混合动力建筑机械
技术领域
本发明涉及具备作为驱动源的相互连接的发动机及发电机马达并且具备使主体的一部分相对于其他部分回旋的回旋马达的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法及混合动力建筑机械。
背景技术
以往,在将相互连接的发动机及发电机马达作为驱动源的混合动力车辆中,有时应用电容器作为在与发电机马达之间进行电力授受的蓄电装置。电容器的电压随着持续运用而逐渐降低。因此,当电容器的电压降低到低于电容器的可动作电压时,系统将不能动作。
作为用于解决上述问题而避免系统变得不能动作的方法之一,考虑实现电容器的大容量化。然而,在将电容器大容量化时,电容器随之大型化,在重量、搭载空间、成本等方面出现了问题。
为此,作为能够在不实现电容器的大容量化的情况下避免系统变得不能动作的技术,已知公开的技术是在发动机停止中电容器的蓄电量低于规定的阈值时,限制将电容器的电力向低电位的电力变换的电压变换器的输出(例如,参照专利文献1)。
专利文献1:日本国特开2005-45883号公报
然而,在将上述专利文献1所记载的技术应用到作为混合动力车辆的一例的混合动力建筑机械中时,出现了回旋动作相对于回旋操作时操作员输入的操作指令产生滞后的问题。
发明内容
本发明鉴于上述情况而实现,目的在于提供一种能够在不将电容器大容量化的情况下避免系统变得不能动作并且能够抑制回旋动作相对于回旋操作时的操作指令的滞后的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法及混合动力建筑机械。
为了解决上述问题并达到目的,本发明的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法中,所述混合动力建筑机械包括:相互连接的发动机及发电机马达、被从所述发电机马达供给电力且使主体的一部分相对于其他部分回旋的回旋马达、对所述发电机马达及所述回旋马达分别发出的电力进行蓄积并向所述发电机马达及所述回旋马达供给电力的电容器、将所述电容器的电压升压并输出的升压器,所述混合动力建筑机械的控制方法的特征在于,包括:辅助扭矩限制值算出步骤,其在所述升压器进行伴随所述电容器的放电的输出时,算出与所述电容器的电容器电压对应的所述发电机马达的辅助扭矩限制值;发电机马达扭矩指令值计算步骤,其根据所述发电机马达的目标速度计算所述发电机马达的扭矩指令值;发电机马达实际扭矩指令值生成步骤,其将所述辅助扭矩限制值算出步骤中算出的辅助扭矩限制值与所述发电机马达扭矩指令值计算步骤中计算出的扭矩指令值进行比较,将值小的一方作为所述发电机马达的实际扭矩指令值而生成。
另外,本发明的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,根据上述发明的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,其特征在于,所述辅助扭矩限制值在所述电容器电压为第一阈值以下时为零,随着所述电容器电压变得大于所述第一阈值而逐渐增加,且在所述电容器电压为大于所述第一阈值的第二阈值以上时取恒定值。
另外,本发明的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,根据上述发明的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,其特征在于,在所述发电机马达扭矩指令值计算步骤中,通过进行反馈所述发电机马达的实际速度的比例控制来计算所述发电机马达的扭矩指令值。
另外,本发明的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,根据上述发明的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,其特征在于,还包括:回旋牵引扭矩限制值算出步骤,其在所述升压器进行伴随所述电容器的放电的输出时,算出与所述电容器电压对应的所述回旋马达的回旋牵引扭矩限制值;回旋马达扭矩指令值计算步骤,其根据所述回旋马达的目标速度计算所述回旋马达的扭矩指令值;回旋马达实际扭矩指令值生成步骤,其将所述回旋牵引扭矩限制值算出步骤中算出的回旋牵引扭矩限制值与所述回旋马达扭矩指令值计算步骤中计算出的扭矩指令值进行比较,将值小的一方作为所述回旋马达的实际扭矩指令值而生成。
另外,本发明的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,根据上述发明的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,其特征在于,所述回旋牵引扭矩限制值在所述电容器电压为小于所述第一阈值的第三阈值以下时为零,随着所述电容器电压变得大于所述第三阈值而逐渐增加,且在所述电容器电压为大于所述第三阈值的第四阈值以上时取恒定值。
另外,本发明的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,根据上述发明的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,其特征在于,在所述回旋马达扭矩指令值计算步骤中,通过进行反馈所述回旋马达的实际速度的比例控制来计算所述回旋马达的扭矩指令值。
另外,本发明的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,根据上述发明的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,其特征在于,包括:升压器输出界限值算出步骤,其在所述升压器进行伴随所述电容器的充电的输出时,算出与所述电容器电压对应的所述升压器的输出界限值;发电机马达输出界限值算出步骤,其利用所述升压器输出界限值算出步骤中算出的输出界限值和所述回旋马达的输出来求出所述发电机马达的输出界限值;实际目标输出值生成步骤,其将所述发电机马达输出界限值算出步骤中算出的所述发电机马达的输出界限值与所述发电机马达的目标输出值进行比较,将值小的一方作为所述发电机马达的实际目标输出值而生成;充电时发电机马达实际扭矩指令值生成步骤,其利用所述实际目标输出值生成步骤中生成的实际目标输出值和所述发电机马达的转速来生成所述发电机马达的实际扭矩指令值。
本发明的混合动力建筑机械,包括:相互连接的发动机及发电机马达、被从所述发电机马达供给电力且使主体的一部分相对于其他部分回旋的回旋马达、对所述发电机马达及所述回旋马达分别发出的电力进行蓄积并向所述发电机马达及所述回旋马达供给电力的电容器、将所述电容器的电压升压并输出的升压器,所述混合动力建筑机械的特征在于,还包括:电容器电压测量机构,其逐次测量所述电容器的电容器电压;控制机构,其在所述升压器进行伴随所述电容器的放电的输出时,算出与所述电容器电压测量机构测量出的电容器电压对应的所述发电机马达的辅助扭矩限制值,且根据所述发电机马达的目标速度计算所述发电机马达的扭矩指令值,将所述辅助扭矩限制值与所述发电机马达的扭矩指令值进行比较,将值小的一方作为所述发电机马达的实际扭矩指令值生成并输出。
另外,本发明的混合动力建筑机械,根据上述发明的混合动力建筑机械,其特征在于,所述控制机构在所述升压器进行伴随所述电容器的放电的输出时,算出与所述电容器电压测量机构测量出的电容器电压对应的所述回旋马达的回旋牵引扭矩限制值,且根据所述回旋马达的目标速度计算所述回旋马达的扭矩指令值,将所述回旋牵引扭矩限制值与所述回旋马达的扭矩指令值进行比较,将值小的一方作为所述回旋马达的实际扭矩指令生成并输出。
另外,本发明的混合动力建筑机械,根据上述发明的混合动力建筑机械,其特征在于,所述控制机构在所述升压器进行伴随所述电容器的充电的输出时,算出与所述电容器电压测量机构测量出的电容器电压对应的所述升压器的输出界限值,利用该算出的输出界限值和所述回旋马达的输出来求出所述发电机马达的输出界限值,将所述发电机马达的输出界限值与所述发电机马达的目标输出值进行比较,将值小的一方作为所述发电机马达的实际目标输出值生成并输出。
根据本发明,在电容器的放电时分别参照与发电机马达及回旋马达的电容器电压对应的扭矩限制值来生成实际扭矩指令值,而在电容器的充电时生成发电机马达的实际目标输出值,由此能够在不将电容器大容量化的情况下避免系统变得不能动作。另外,发电机马达的实际扭矩指令值(电容器放电时)及实际目标输出值(电容器充电时)是考虑了与电容器电压对应的升压器的输出界限的值,而对于回旋马达来说升压器的影响小,所以能够抑制回旋动作相对于回旋操作时操作员的操作指令的滞后。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明一实施方式的混合动力建筑机械的主要部分的结构的图。
图2是表示本发明一实施方式的混合动力建筑机械的外部结构的图。
图3是表示本发明一实施方式的混合动力建筑机械所具备的升压器的动作特性的图。
图4是表示本发明一实施方式的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法的电容器放电时的发电机马达的控制概要的流程图。
图5是基于信号的流动更为详细地记载了图4所示的流程图的处理流程图。
图6是表示电容器电压与发电机马达的辅助扭矩限制值的关系的图。
图7是表示本发明一实施方式的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法的电容器放电时的回旋马达的控制概要的流程图。
图8是基于信号的流动更为详细地记载了图7所示的流程图的处理流程图。
图9是表示电容器电压与回旋马达的回旋牵引扭矩限制值的关系的图。
图10是表示本发明一实施方式的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法的电容器充电时的发电机马达的控制概要的流程图。
图11是基于信号的流动更为详细地记载了图10所示的流程图的处理流程图。
图中:1-液压挖掘机;2-发动机;3-发电机马达;4-液压泵;5-逆变器;6-电容器;7-电压传感器;8-升压器;9-回旋马达;10-回旋逆变器;11-回转机构;12-控制器;12a-存储器;13-操作输入部;21-动臂用操作阀;22-斗杆用操作阀;23-铲斗用操作阀;24-左行驶用操作阀;25-右行驶用操作阀;31-动臂用液压缸;32-斗杆用液压缸;33-铲斗用液压缸;34-左行驶用液压马达;35-右行驶用液压马达;101-行驶体;102-回旋体;103-动臂;104-斗杆;105-铲斗。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图对用于实施本发明的最佳方式(以后,称为“实施方式”)进行说明。图1是表示本发明一实施方式的混合动力建筑机械的主要部分的结构的图。本实施方式的混合动力建筑机械具备作为驱动源的相互连接的发动机及发电机马达,并具有使主体的一部分相对于其他部分回旋的电动回旋功能。本实施方式中,作为混合动力建筑机械,说明的是具有挖掘功能的液压挖掘机,不过这终究只是一例。
图2是表示作为混合动力建筑机械的液压挖掘机的外部结构的图。该图所示的液压挖掘机1包括:具有左右一对履带的行驶体101和位于行驶体101的上方且能够相对于行驶体101围绕指向规定方向的回旋轴回旋的回旋体102。另外,液压挖掘机1具有由动臂103、斗杆104、铲斗105构成的挖掘用的工作机。其中,动臂103相对于行驶体101能够上下方向转动地连接。
接着,参照图1对液压挖掘机1的内部结构进行说明。液压挖掘机1包括:作为驱动源的发动机2、各自的驱动轴与发动机2的输出轴连接的发电机马达3及液压泵4、与发电机马达3连接且驱动发电机马达3的逆变器5、对发电机马达3发出的电力进行蓄积且向发电机马达3供给电力的电容器6、逐次测量电容器6的电压的电压传感器7(电容器电压测量机构)、与逆变器5及电容器6并联且将电容器6的电压升压并向逆变器5输出的升压器8。
另外,液压挖掘机1还包括:作为使回旋体102回旋的驱动源的回旋马达9、与电容器6并联的同时与逆变器5并联且驱动回旋马达9的回旋逆变器10、与回旋马达9的驱动轴连接且使回旋体102回旋的回转机构11。
此外,液压挖掘机1还包括:对发动机2、液压泵4、逆变器5、回旋逆变器10进行电子控制的控制器12及为了使操作员输入期望的操作而由操作杆等构成的操作输入部13。
发电机马达3例如由SR(Switched Reluctance)马达或PM(PermanentMagnet)马达实现。另外,回旋马达9例如由PM马达实现。
液压泵4通过配管分别与动臂用操作阀21、斗杆用操作阀22、铲斗用操作阀23、左行驶用操作阀24、右行驶用操作阀25这样的各种操作阀连接。液压泵4是可变容量型,通过改变斜板的倾转角来改变容量。
从液压泵4排出的压力油通过动臂用操作阀21、斗杆用操作阀22、铲斗用操作阀23、左行驶用操作阀24、右行驶用操作阀25,分别向作为促动器的动臂用液压缸31、斗杆用液压缸32、铲斗用液压缸33、左行驶用液压马达34、右行驶用液压马达35供给。由此,动臂103、斗杆104、铲斗105、左履带、右履带进行动作。
图3是表示升压器8的动作特性的图,具体来说,是表示能够根据电容器电压Vcap输出的升压器8的输出界限值BstInPowLimit的图。图3中,正侧的曲线L1赋予电容器6的放电时(牵引时)的输出界限值,负侧的曲线L2赋予电容器6的充电时(再生时)的输出界限值。另外,图3中,横轴的范围Vcap1~Vcap2相当于电容器6能够发挥其性能的动作电压范围。根据图3所示的曲线L1、L2明确可知,电容器电压Vcap越大,升压器8的输出界限值的绝对值也越大。
控制器12构成控制机构的至少一部分,接受由各个规定的测量机构测量出的发动机2的转速、液压泵4的排出压力、电容器6的电压、向回旋逆变器10输入的直流电流(输出时为逆符号)、回旋马达9的转速、操作员对操作输入部13的操作量等的输入,并基于上述各种测量值的输入进行液压挖掘机1的驱动控制。此外,各种测量值基本是实时逐次测量得出的。控制器12具有存储用于控制液压挖掘机1的各种动作的程序及各种运算结果等的存储器12a。
接着,对具有以上结构的液压挖掘机1的控制方法进行说明。首先,对电容器6处于放电时的动作进行说明。在电容器放电时,在发电机马达3及回旋马达9中分别进行与电容器电压Vcap对应的控制。
图4是表示电容器放电时的发电机马达3的控制概要的流程图。另外,图5是基于信号的流动更为详细地记载了图4所示的流程图的处理流程图。
首先,控制器12算出与电压传感器7测量出的电容器6的电容器电压Vcap对应的辅助扭矩的限制值(步骤S1)。图6是表示步骤S1中控制器12参照的电容器电压Vcap和发电机马达3的辅助扭矩限制值AstTrqLimit的关系的图。该图所示的曲线L3在第一阈值Vcap3以下时为零,随着电容器电压Vcap变得大于第一阈值Vcap3而逐渐增加,在第二阈值Vcap4以上时取恒定值AstTrqLimit1。
在此,第一阈值Vcap3处于电容器电压Vcap的动作电压范围Vcap1~Vcap2内,且大于Vcap1。另外,第二阈值Vcap4大于第一阈值Vcap3,且处于电容器电压Vcap的动作电压范围Vcap1~Vcap2内。
此外,图6中,在电容器电压Vcap为Vcap3<Vcap<Vcap4时,辅助扭矩限制值AstTrqLimit随着电容器电压Vcap的增加而线性增加,不过,这终究只是一例。即,辅助扭矩限制值AstTrqLimit只要随着电容器电压Vcap的增加而单调增加即可,无需一定为线性。
控制器12为了与上述处理并行来提高液压泵4的効率,实现燃料消耗率(每单位时间、单位输出的燃料消耗量)的降低即燃料消耗率的改善,在发动机2的发动机转速小于规定的设定转速的低速区域内进行发动机2的输出与液压泵4的泵吸收马力的匹配(低速匹配),由此输出发电机马达3的目标速度(目标转速)(步骤S2)。
然后,控制器12计算发电机马达3的扭矩指令值(步骤S3)。在计算该扭矩指令值时,控制器12算出通过低速匹配输出的目标速度与发电机马达3的速度的实测值之差(步骤S31),在该算出的差值上乘以规定的比例常数,由此变换为施加在发动机2的输出轴上的辅助扭矩的扭矩指令值(步骤S32)。
接着,控制器12将步骤S1中输出的辅助扭矩限制值和步骤S3中输出的扭矩指令值从存储器12a中读出并进行比较,选择值小的一方作为实际扭矩指令值来生成并输出(步骤S4)。
从控制器12接受了实际扭矩指令值的输入的逆变器5按照该实际扭矩指令值向发电机马达3输出驱动指令(步骤S5)。发电机马达3基于由逆变器5输出的驱动指令进行驱动并产生扭矩(步骤S6)。通过规定的转速传感器逐次测量发电机马达3的实际速度(实际转速),反馈给上述的步骤S3(S31)。
这样,本实施方式中,在控制发电机马达3的辅助扭矩时,将通过进行反馈发电机马达3的实际速度的比例控制而生成的扭矩指令值与相当于图6的曲线L3的通过参照储存在存储器12a中的变换表(储存在存储器12a中)而得到的发电机马达3的辅助扭矩限制值进行比较,采用较小一方的值作为实际扭矩指令值。其结果,在电容器电压Vcap变得小于第二阈值Vcap4时,开始减少发电机马达3的辅助动作,在低于第一阈值Vcap3时,能够中止发电机马达3的辅助动作,所以能够可靠地防止系统变得不能动作的情况。
图7是表示在电容器放电时与发电机马达3侧的控制并行进行的回旋马达9的控制概要的流程图。另外,图8是基于信号的流动更为详细地记载了图7所示的流程图的处理流程图。
控制器12算出并输出与电压传感器7测量出的电容器6的电容器电压Vcap对应的回旋牵引扭矩限制值(步骤S11)。
图9是表示步骤S11中控制器12参照的电容器电压Vcap与回旋马达9的回旋牵引扭矩限制值SwgTrqLimit的关系的图。该图所示的曲线L4在电容器电压Vcap为第三阈值Vcap1以下时为零,随着电容器电压Vcap变得大于第三阈值Vcap1而逐渐增加,在第四阈值Vcap5以上时取恒定值SwgTrqLimit1。
在此,第三阈值Vcap1是电容器电压Vcap的动作电压范围的下限值。另外,第四阈值Vcap5大于第三阈值Vcap1,且处于电容器电压Vcap的动作电压范围Vcap1~Vcap2内。
此外,图9中,电容器电压Vcap为Vcap1<Vcap<Vcap5时,回旋牵引扭矩限制值SwgTrqLimit随着电容器电压Vcap的增加而线性增加,但这终究只是一例。即,只要回旋牵引扭矩限制值SwgTrqLimit随着电容器电压Vcap的增加而单调增加即可,无需一定为线性。
控制器12根据操作员对操作输入部13的杆进行操作时的操作量(杆行程)算出目标速度(步骤S12)。
然后,控制器12算出回旋马达的扭矩指令值(步骤S13)。在算出该扭矩指令值时,控制器12算出步骤S12中求出的目标速度与回旋马达9的实际速度之差(步骤S131),在该算出的差值上乘以规定的比例常数,由此变换为回旋牵引扭矩指令值(步骤S132)。
接着,控制器12将步骤S11中输出的回旋牵引扭矩限制值和步骤S13中输出的扭矩指令值从存储器12a中读出并进行比较,选择值小的一方作为实际扭矩指令值来生成并输出(步骤S14)。
从控制器12接受了实际扭矩指令值的输入的回旋逆变器10按照该实际扭矩指令值向回旋马达9输出驱动指令(步骤S15)。回旋马达9基于由回旋逆变器10输出的驱动指令进行驱动并产生扭矩(步骤S16)。通过规定的转速传感器逐次测量回旋马达9的实际速度(实际转速),并反馈给上述的步骤S13(S131)。
这样,在控制回旋马达9的回旋牵引扭矩时,将通过进行反馈回旋马达9的实际速度的比例控制而生成的扭矩指令值与相当于图9的曲线L4的通过参照储存在存储器12a中的变换表而得到的回旋马达9的回旋牵引扭矩限制值进行比较,采用较小一方的值作为实际扭矩指令。其结果,在电容器电压Vcap变得小于第四阈值Vcap5时,开始减少回旋马达9的回旋牵引动作,在低于第三阈值Vcap1时,能够中止回旋马达9的回旋牵引动作,所以能够可靠地防止系统变得不能动作的情况。
另外,本实施方式中,在电容器6与逆变器5及回旋逆变器10之间设有升压器8。因此,在进行上述控制时,需要与升压器8的动作特性对应的控制。具体来说,升压器8具有参照图3说明的动作特性,在电容器放电时的控制中,升压器8的输出界限值BstInPowLimit遵循曲线L1。因此,在升压器8的输出根据电容器电压Vcap要超过界限时,必须减少电容器6的放电。
在减少电容器6的放电时,只要限制发电机马达3和回旋马达9的扭矩即可。此时,对于回旋马达9来说,由于原本基于操作员的操作而生成了扭矩指令值,所以在将与升压器8的性能对应的处理施加给回旋马达9侧时,操作员容易感觉到操作时的不协调感,对操作的速度也会产生影响。与此相对,由于发电机马达3的辅助扭矩的变化是发动机转速的上升程度的变化,所以与回旋体102的回旋速度的变化相比,操作员难以获知。鉴于这一点,本实施方式中进行的是如下设定,即,通过使将发电机马达3的辅助扭矩限制值设为零的阈值Vcap3的值比将回旋马达9的回旋牵引扭矩限制值设为零的阈值Vcap1(=电容器6的动作电压范围的下限值)大,升压器8的输出超过界限,由此尽量在发电机马达3侧进行用于避免系统变得不能动作的情况的处理。
接着,对电容器6充电时的液压挖掘机1的控制方法进行说明。本实施方式中,作为电容器充电时的控制,在升压器8的输出(=向电容器6的输入)要超过上限值时,通过控制发电机马达3的输出来避免系统变得不能动作的情况。
图10是表示电容器充电时的发电机马达3的控制概要的流程图。另外,图11是基于信号的流动更为详细地记载了图10所示的流程图的处理流程图。
首先,控制器12算出与电压传感器7测量出的电容器6的电容器电压Vcap对应的升压器8的输出界限值BstInPowLimit(步骤S21)。该步骤S21中的计算参照图3的曲线L2来进行。
然后,控制器12取步骤S21中求出的升压器8的输出界限值BstInPowLimit与回旋马达9的输出之和,作为发电机马达3的输出界限值来输出(步骤S22)。此外,回旋马达9的输出在再生时为负。
控制器12与步骤S21、22的处理并行,利用发电机马达3的实际扭矩指令值及转速的测量值算出目标输出值(步骤S23)。
然后,控制器12将步骤S22中输出的发电机马达输出界限值和步骤S23中输出的目标输出值从存储器12a中读出并进行比较,选择值小的一方作为实际目标输出值来生成并输出(步骤S24)。
控制器12根据步骤S24中输出的实际目标输出和发电机马达3的转速算出扭矩,将该算出的扭矩作为实际扭矩指令值来输出(步骤S25)。
从控制器12接受了实际扭矩指令值的输入的逆变器5按照该实际扭矩指令值向发电机马达3输出驱动指令(步骤S26)。发电机马达3基于由逆变器5输出的驱动指令进行驱动并产生扭矩(步骤S27)。
当回旋马达9处于制动状态(再生状态)时,若发电机马达3处于发电状态(再生状态),则升压器8有可能成为界限以上的输入状态。本实施方式中,为了避免这种过度的输入状态,在考虑了升压器8的输入界限的基础上,限制了发电机马达3的发电量。
根据以上说明的本发明的一实施方式,在电容器放电时分别参照与发电机马达及回旋马达的电容器电压对应的扭矩限制值来生成实际扭矩指令值,而在电容器充电时生成发电机马达的实际目标输出值,由此能够在不将电容器大容量化的情况下避免系统变得不能动作。
另外,根据本实施方式,发电机马达的实际扭矩指令值(电容器放电时)及实际目标输出值(电容器充电时)是考虑了与电容器电压对应的升压器的输出界限的值,而对于回旋马达来说升压器的影响小,且只对扭矩加以限制,所以能够抑制回旋动作相对于回旋操作时的操作员的操作指令的滞后。因而,操作员在操作时不会感觉到不协调感。
至此,说明了用于实施本发明的最佳方式,但本发明并不应仅由上述一实施方式限定。例如,也可以个别地单独进行发电机马达的控制和回旋马达的控制。
另外,也可以个别地单独进行发电机马达的电容器充电时的控制和电容器放电时的控制。
这样,本发明还包括在此未记载的各种实施方式等,能够在不脱离权利要求书特定的技术思想的范围内实施各种设计变更等。
产业上的可利用性
如上所述,本发明在进行具备作为驱动源的相互连接的发动机及发电机马达并且具备作为蓄电装置的电容器和从发电机马达及电容器接受电力供给的回旋马达的混合动力建筑机械的控制时有用。

Claims (10)

1.一种混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,所述混合动力建筑机械包括:相互连接的发动机及发电机马达、被从所述发电机马达供给电力且使主体的一部分相对于其他部分回旋的回旋马达、对所述发电机马达及所述回旋马达分别发出的电力进行蓄积并向所述发电机马达及所述回旋马达供给电力的电容器、将所述电容器的电压升压并输出的升压器,
所述混合动力建筑机械的控制方法的特征在于,包括:
辅助扭矩限制值算出步骤,其在所述升压器进行伴随所述电容器的放电的输出时,算出与所述电容器的电容器电压对应的所述发电机马达的辅助扭矩限制值;
发电机马达扭矩指令值计算步骤,其根据所述发电机马达的目标速度计算所述发电机马达的扭矩指令值;
发电机马达实际扭矩指令值生成步骤,其将所述辅助扭矩限制值算出步骤中算出的辅助扭矩限制值与所述发电机马达扭矩指令值计算步骤中计算出的扭矩指令值进行比较,将值小的一方作为所述发电机马达的实际扭矩指令值而生成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,其特征在于,
所述辅助扭矩限制值在所述电容器电压为第一阈值以下时为零,随着所述电容器电压变得大于所述第一阈值而逐渐增加,且在所述电容器电压为大于所述第一阈值的第二阈值以上时取恒定值。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,其特征在于,
在所述发电机马达扭矩指令值计算步骤中,通过进行反馈所述发电机马达的实际速度的比例控制来计算所述发电机马达的扭矩指令值。
4.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,其特征在于,还包括:
回旋牵引扭矩限制值算出步骤,其在所述升压器进行伴随所述电容器的放电的输出时,算出与所述电容器电压对应的所述回旋马达的回旋牵引扭矩限制值;
回旋马达扭矩指令值计算步骤,其根据所述回旋马达的目标速度计算所述回旋马达的扭矩指令值;
回旋马达实际扭矩指令值生成步骤,其将所述回旋牵引扭矩限制值算出步骤中算出的回旋牵引扭矩限制值与所述回旋马达扭矩指令值计算步骤中计算出的扭矩指令值进行比较,将值小的一方作为所述回旋马达的实际扭矩指令值而生成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,其特征在于,
所述回旋牵引扭矩限制值在所述电容器电压为小于所述第一阈值的第三阈值以下时为零,随着所述电容器电压变得大于所述第三阈值而逐渐增加,且在所述电容器电压为大于所述第三阈值的第四阈值以上时取恒定值。
6.根据权利要求4所述的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,其特征在于,
在所述回旋马达扭矩指令值计算步骤中,通过进行反馈所述回旋马达的实际速度的比例控制来计算所述回旋马达的扭矩指令值。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力建筑机械的控制方法,其特征在于,包括:
升压器输出界限值算出步骤,其在所述升压器进行伴随所述电容器的充电的输出时,算出与所述电容器电压对应的所述升压器的输出界限值;
发电机马达输出界限值算出步骤,其利用所述升压器输出界限值算出步骤中算出的输出界限值和所述回旋马达的输出来求出所述发电机马达的输出界限值;
实际目标输出值生成步骤,其将所述发电机马达输出界限值算出步骤中算出的所述发电机马达的输出界限值与所述发电机马达的目标输出值进行比较,将值小的一方作为所述发电机马达的实际目标输出值而生成;
充电时发电机马达实际扭矩指令值生成步骤,其利用所述实际目标输出值生成步骤中生成的实际目标输出值和所述发电机马达的转速来生成所述发电机马达的实际扭矩指令值。
8.一种混合动力建筑机械,包括:相互连接的发动机及发电机马达、被从所述发电机马达供给电力且使主体的一部分相对于其他部分回旋的回旋马达、对所述发电机马达及所述回旋马达分别发出的电力进行蓄积并向所述发电机马达及所述回旋马达供给电力的电容器、将所述电容器的电压升压并输出的升压器,
所述混合动力建筑机械的特征在于,还包括:
电容器电压测量机构,其逐次测量所述电容器的电容器电压;
控制机构,其在所述升压器进行伴随所述电容器的放电的输出时,算出与所述电容器电压测量机构测量出的电容器电压对应的所述发电机马达的辅助扭矩限制值,且根据所述发电机马达的目标速度计算所述发电机马达的扭矩指令值,将所述辅助扭矩限制值与所述发电机马达的扭矩指令值进行比较,将值小的一方作为所述发电机马达的实际扭矩指令值生成并输出。
9.根据权利要求8所述的混合动力建筑机械,其特征在于,
所述控制机构在所述升压器进行伴随所述电容器的放电的输出时,算出与所述电容器电压测量机构测量出的电容器电压对应的所述回旋马达的回旋牵引扭矩限制值,且根据所述回旋马达的目标速度计算所述回旋马达的扭矩指令值,将所述回旋牵引扭矩限制值与所述回旋马达的扭矩指令值进行比较,将值小的一方作为所述回旋马达的实际扭矩指令生成并输出。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的混合动力建筑机械,其特征在于,
所述控制机构在所述升压器进行伴随所述电容器的充电的输出时,算出与所述电容器电压测量机构测量出的电容器电压对应的所述升压器的输出界限值,利用该算出的输出界限值和所述回旋马达的输出来求出所述发电机马达的输出界限值,将所述发电机马达的输出界限值与所述发电机马达的目标输出值进行比较,将值小的一方作为所述发电机马达的实际目标输出值生成并输出。
CN2008800086791A 2007-03-28 2008-03-27 混合动力建筑机械的控制方法及混合动力建筑机械 Expired - Fee Related CN101636543B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP084493/2007 2007-03-28
JP2007084493 2007-03-28
PCT/JP2008/055920 WO2008123368A1 (ja) 2007-03-28 2008-03-27 ハイブリッド建設機械の制御方法およびハイブリッド建設機械

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN101636543A CN101636543A (zh) 2010-01-27
CN101636543B true CN101636543B (zh) 2012-03-07

Family

ID=39830857

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN2008800086791A Expired - Fee Related CN101636543B (zh) 2007-03-28 2008-03-27 混合动力建筑机械的控制方法及混合动力建筑机械

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8439139B2 (zh)
JP (1) JP4892057B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR101120452B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN101636543B (zh)
DE (1) DE112008000818B4 (zh)
WO (1) WO2008123368A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5002004B2 (ja) * 2007-03-23 2012-08-15 株式会社小松製作所 ハイブリッド建設機械の発電制御方法およびハイブリッド建設機械
JP5085734B2 (ja) * 2008-06-27 2012-11-28 住友重機械工業株式会社 ハイブリッド式建設機械
US9000716B2 (en) * 2009-01-28 2015-04-07 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. Hybrid working machine and electric power accumulation controller
JP5275106B2 (ja) * 2009-03-26 2013-08-28 日立建機株式会社 バッテリ駆動建設機械
WO2010116865A1 (ja) * 2009-04-06 2010-10-14 ナブテスコ株式会社 インダイレクトマトリクスコンバータ、作業機械の旋回制御装置及び作業機械
JP5100696B2 (ja) * 2009-04-09 2012-12-19 住友重機械工業株式会社 ハイブリッド型作業機械
JP2010268533A (ja) * 2009-05-12 2010-11-25 Nabtesco Corp ハイブリッド式作業機械の制御装置
JP2011166914A (ja) * 2010-02-08 2011-08-25 Kyb Co Ltd 建設機械の充電装置
JP5342473B2 (ja) * 2010-02-25 2013-11-13 ナブテスコ株式会社 ハイブリッド建機の制御装置
US8362629B2 (en) * 2010-03-23 2013-01-29 Bucyrus International Inc. Energy management system for heavy equipment
KR20130001298A (ko) * 2010-04-28 2013-01-03 나부테스코 가부시키가이샤 하이브리드 건설 기계의 제어장치
KR101422817B1 (ko) * 2010-06-25 2014-07-24 현대중공업 주식회사 하이브리드 굴삭기의 속도비 제어방법
CN101906796B (zh) * 2010-07-09 2012-02-01 江麓机电科技有限公司 一种并联式混合动力液压挖掘机的主动控制策略
JP5203434B2 (ja) * 2010-09-08 2013-06-05 日立建機株式会社 ハイブリッド建設機械
JP5542016B2 (ja) * 2010-09-15 2014-07-09 川崎重工業株式会社 作業機械の駆動制御方法
JP5667830B2 (ja) * 2010-10-14 2015-02-12 日立建機株式会社 旋回体を有する建設機械
JP5548113B2 (ja) * 2010-12-17 2014-07-16 川崎重工業株式会社 作業機械の駆動制御方法
CN103339326B (zh) * 2011-01-26 2016-03-16 住友重机械工业株式会社 挖土机
JP5356427B2 (ja) * 2011-02-03 2013-12-04 日立建機株式会社 ハイブリッド式建設機械
JP5509433B2 (ja) * 2011-03-22 2014-06-04 日立建機株式会社 ハイブリッド式建設機械及びこれに用いる補助制御装置
JP5222975B2 (ja) * 2011-05-18 2013-06-26 株式会社小松製作所 作業機械のエンジン制御装置およびそのエンジン制御方法
JP5653844B2 (ja) * 2011-06-07 2015-01-14 住友建機株式会社 ショベル
CN102324758B (zh) * 2011-06-23 2013-04-24 三一重机有限公司 一种混合动力建筑机械的超级电容充放电控制方法
KR101294055B1 (ko) * 2011-07-25 2013-08-08 기아자동차주식회사 하이브리드 차량의 파워트레인의 복합 분기 모드의 제어 방법
US8984873B2 (en) 2011-10-21 2015-03-24 Caterpillar Inc. Meterless hydraulic system having flow sharing and combining functionality
CN102392469B (zh) * 2011-10-27 2013-06-12 中联重科股份有限公司 电驱回转控制系统、工程机械及回转紧急制动控制方法
JP5928065B2 (ja) * 2012-03-27 2016-06-01 コベルコ建機株式会社 制御装置及びこれを備えた建設機械
JP2013052866A (ja) * 2012-10-24 2013-03-21 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd ショベル及びその制御方法
KR101958027B1 (ko) * 2012-12-26 2019-07-04 두산인프라코어 주식회사 하이브리드 건설기계의 엔진 제어 장치
WO2014120930A1 (en) 2013-01-30 2014-08-07 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Hydraulic hybrid swing drive system for excavators
KR101501021B1 (ko) * 2013-09-16 2015-03-10 엘에스엠트론 주식회사 무단변속기 하이브리드 트랙터의 엔진 및 모터-발전기 구동방법과 이를 이용한 하이브리드 트랙터엔진시스템 및 하이브리드 트랙터
JP6087379B2 (ja) * 2015-02-03 2017-03-01 住友重機械工業株式会社 ハイブリッド式建設機械及びその制御方法
JP6002846B2 (ja) * 2015-05-29 2016-10-05 株式会社小松製作所 電圧制御装置および電圧制御方法
JP6381491B2 (ja) * 2015-07-07 2018-08-29 日立建機株式会社 建設機械の制御装置
CN110049908B (zh) * 2016-11-15 2022-11-11 Tvs电机股份有限公司 用于辅助内燃机的控制系统
CN114393998B (zh) * 2022-01-25 2024-01-26 三一汽车起重机械有限公司 电机扭矩的控制方法及其控制器、控制系统及作业机械

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1383224A1 (en) * 2001-04-27 2004-01-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko sho Hybrid construction equipment power control apparatus
CN1800681A (zh) * 2005-01-07 2006-07-12 薛忠和 混合动力分流系统及其控制

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2753907B2 (ja) * 1991-11-18 1998-05-20 株式会社エクォス・リサーチ モータ駆動のための電源装置
JP3782251B2 (ja) * 1999-03-31 2006-06-07 株式会社神戸製鋼所 蓄電器を備えた作業機械
JP2002330554A (ja) * 2001-04-27 2002-11-15 Kobelco Contstruction Machinery Ltd ハイブリッド車両の電力制御装置および当該電力制御装置を備えたハイブリッド建設機械
JP4800514B2 (ja) * 2001-07-18 2011-10-26 日立建機株式会社 ハイブリッド建設機械の駆動制御装置、ハイブリッド建設機械及びその駆動制御プログラム
JP2005045883A (ja) * 2003-07-24 2005-02-17 Honda Motor Co Ltd ハイブリット車両
JP2005155251A (ja) * 2003-11-27 2005-06-16 Sumitomo (Shi) Construction Machinery Manufacturing Co Ltd 建設機械用動力系制御装置
US7378808B2 (en) * 2004-05-25 2008-05-27 Caterpillar Inc. Electric drive system having DC bus voltage control
US7568537B2 (en) * 2006-01-09 2009-08-04 General Electric Company Vehicle propulsion system
JP2007191973A (ja) * 2006-01-20 2007-08-02 Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd ハイブリッド用動力制御システム
JP4479919B2 (ja) * 2006-03-29 2010-06-09 株式会社デンソー 電気自動車の制御装置
JP4702155B2 (ja) * 2006-04-14 2011-06-15 トヨタ自動車株式会社 電源装置および電源装置の制御方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1383224A1 (en) * 2001-04-27 2004-01-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko sho Hybrid construction equipment power control apparatus
CN1800681A (zh) * 2005-01-07 2006-07-12 薛忠和 混合动力分流系统及其控制

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JP特开2002-325379A 2002.11.08
JP特开2003-028071A 2003.01.29
JP特开2005-045883A 2005.02.17

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPWO2008123368A1 (ja) 2010-07-15
KR101120452B1 (ko) 2012-03-02
CN101636543A (zh) 2010-01-27
JP4892057B2 (ja) 2012-03-07
KR20090125790A (ko) 2009-12-07
WO2008123368A1 (ja) 2008-10-16
US20100071973A1 (en) 2010-03-25
US8439139B2 (en) 2013-05-14
DE112008000818B4 (de) 2017-12-14
DE112008000818T5 (de) 2010-01-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN101636543B (zh) 混合动力建筑机械的控制方法及混合动力建筑机械
CN102301583B (zh) 混合式工作机械及伺服控制系统
CN101855434B (zh) 发动机的控制装置
CN102482868B (zh) 液压挖掘机及液压挖掘机的控制方法
CN101663442B (zh) 混合动力建筑机械的发电控制方法及混合动力建筑机械
JP4719750B2 (ja) 作業機械の制御装置
CN102704513B (zh) 混合动力式工程机械
JP5665874B2 (ja) ハイブリッド型作業機械及びその制御方法
EP3524482B1 (en) Hybrid construction machine
CN103765019A (zh) 工程机械的液压驱动装置
CN101636542A (zh) 建筑机械及建筑机械的控制方法
CN103081350B (zh) 电动机的控制装置及其控制方法
CN103890280A (zh) 混合动力驱动式的液压作业机械
KR101735232B1 (ko) 작업 기계
CN103547743A (zh) 混合式工作机械及其控制方法
JP4024192B2 (ja) ハイブリッド作業機械の駆動制御装置
JP2013170406A (ja) ハイブリッド型駆動装置を備えた建設機械及びその建設機械に備わる回生装置と回生方法
CN105452570A (zh) 作业车辆及其控制方法
JP5731331B2 (ja) 作業機械の動力回生装置
JP2010047125A (ja) ハイブリッド建設機械の走行制御回路
WO2020039862A1 (ja) ハイブリッド建設機械
KR101656765B1 (ko) 작업 차량 및 그 제어 방법
JP2015232268A (ja) ハイブリッド型建設機械
WO2022250993A1 (en) Hydraulic system for a machine

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20120307

Termination date: 20180327