CN101622972A - Automatic control bioreactor for breeding maggots and earthworms and culture method - Google Patents
Automatic control bioreactor for breeding maggots and earthworms and culture method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an automatic control bioreactor for breeding maggots and earthworms and a solid culture method. By controlling the temperature and humidity of the reactor, the growth of the maggots and the earthworms can be effectively promoted, and the growth period is shortened. Meanwhile, at the maturation period of the maggots and the earthworms, animals are promoted to move to a collector through illumination control and temperature adjustment so as to realize effective separation and reduce separation cost. The bioreactor comprises a reactor bottom, a reactor light transmission window, a reactor top, a charging part, a maggot and earthworm collector, a forced ventilation device, an automatic process controlling device and a heat exchanger. The method of the invention can realize automatic breeding of the maggots and the earthworms, and is applied to scale zooming; and the reactor has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient operation, low operating cost and environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fly maggot, earthworm captive breeding technical field, be specifically related to the fly maggot vermiculture and control reactor and cultural method automatically.
Background technology
Fast development of urbanization, the intensification of livestock and poultry cultivation makes feces of livestock and poultry, city garbage, municipal sludge present and concentrates the state of banking up, and away from the farmland, wherein very most of not as the fertilizer utilization.In addition, population that increases sharply and mankind's activity dynamics increase, and make environmental self-purification capacity weaken.If can make these discarded objects through harmless treatment, become the high-quality fertilizer, then not only alleviate environmental pollution, and the benign development of the agricultural that is highly advantageous to.
Fly maggot, earthworm all can digest or alleviate the processing pressure of environmental contaminants, the stacking problem of agricultural wastes, and make it to be converted into fertilizer and gather in the crops a large amount of fly maggots and earthworm.Maggot excrement, earthworm excrement are the high-quality fertilizers, are fit to do the fertilizer of various flowers, crops etc.Fly maggot and earthworm all are high-quality animal proteins, are the desirable feedstock of feed and food.Fly maggot, vermiculture can form an independent industry, and it can undertake the task of city and agricultural wastes recycling.In Sydney Olympic Games, distinctions won on the battlefield have been made in the garbage disposal that 1,600,000 earthworms are the Olympic Village.In addition, Sydney is also employed tens million of earthworms and is removed whole city rubbish, rubbish is converted into high-quality fertilizer again.2008 Beijing Olympic Games Equestrian competition will soon be held in Hong Kong; Hong Kong is from bought 8,000 ten thousand earthworms interiorly, and to handle the discarded object that Olympic Games every day stable is discharged, the ight soil that earthworm is discharged is again best organic manure; realize the cyclic utilization of waste, with the ecotope in protection Hong Kong.
Fly maggot has polyphagy, and panoramic putrefactive fermentation organic matter all is its delicious food, organic matter etc. in the people's that extensively ingests food, livestock and poultry secretion and excreta, kitchen offcuts and the rubbish.Earthworm is liked the biological organic fertilizer that detritivorous organic waste becomes high-quality, transform into the active substance that self or other biological are easy to utilize under the protease of the digestive system of organic waste by earthworm in the earthworm enteron aisle, lipolytic enzyme, cellulase, the diastatic effect, produce earthworm protein and amino acid simultaneously environment is not produced secondary pollution.The earthworm body contains several amino acids, enzyme and active substance good economic worth and medical value.
To the analysis of fly maggot nutrition, fly maggot contains crude protein 55～65% according to both at home and abroad, fat 2.6～12%.No matter from former material, or dry powder comes comparison, and the crude protein content of fly maggot is all close with fresh fish, fish meal and meat and bone meal or slightly high.The nutrient component of fly maggot is also comparatively comprehensive, contains the needed several amino acids of animal, and its each amino acid content all is higher than fish meal.Occurring in nature, fly are pathophorous important media insects, can infect multiple disease to people, animal, but self do not catch an illness.Fly has extremely strong adaptive capacity and effective defense mechanism to adverse circumstances, as long as the fly antibacterial material of ten thousand/concentration is arranged, just can kill multiple germ, and its effectiveness is that human at present any antibiotic of having found is incomparable.Patent 01106191.X, 01106190.1,01106192.8 discloses the propagation method of the synthetic and fly maggot of antimicrobial peptide medicaments.Except in the fly body, extract above-mentioned antibacterial material with do medicinal, 97116490.8,99115309.X, 99115312.X, 98112782.7,200610048004.2, patent disclosures such as CN1699405, CN1868298 the extraction of fly-maggot protein and the preparation method of protein feed.Separation and purifying for materials such as the chitin in the fly maggot body, agglutinin, lysozymes all have document or patent report.And after oversulfated, can suppress the infection of HIV (AIDS virus) effectively to human lymphocyte for the chitin that extracts in the fly maggot body, and the research of agglutinin treatment kinds of tumors is also many, therefore develops the fly maggot breeding industry and has broad application prospects.
Earthworm is that a kind of software succulence, protein content reach 70% mollusk.Developmental research for earthworm is a lot, the disclosed respectively albumen that extracts from earthworm such as patent CN1640292, CN101019603, CN1031172 and make the method for protein feed.And earthworm aspects such as environmental protection, feed, fertilizer, medicine, health products, cosmetics to go deep into development and application also a lot.1. medicinal: utilize earthworm to extract PTS, the treatment cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease also has earthworm syrup, earthworm liquor, earthworm lindenleaf torricellia bark or leaf etc.2. protein feed: it is to hold brutish protein feed that earthworm contains protein (70% left and right sides dry product), can be used to feed chicken, duck class, bullfrog, soft-shelled turtle, rare bird etc., and fowl, aquatic products cause are held by development China.3. it is useless in fertile to handle domestic wasteization, and countries in the world all utilize earthworm to handle house refuse to solve problem of environmental pollution carrying out.4. improve the soil; Wormcast is the physicochemical property that fertilizer can be improved the soil with it, and the place of breeding earthworm can become high-yielding grain fields after 3 years.5. the utilization of wormcast: it is that the high-quality organic manure is the first-selected fertilizer of vegetable food of afforestation, lawn flowers, production green non-pollution.
Raising device for fly maggot, earthworm also has the part bibliographical information, patents such as patent CN1080993C, CN200959774Y, CN1149013C, CN1050498C, CN2580761Y, CN2777970Y, CN2455069Y, CN101069497A, CN201036293Y, CN1085040A, CN2765475Y disclose fly maggot, earthworm raising device respectively, but these devices can't be implemented in line traffic control at aspects such as temperature control, humidity controls, and cultivate the separation process complexity that finishes the back and raise raw material for fly maggot and earthworm.
Fly maggot, earthworm have similar life habit, and happiness boring, happiness is dark, happiness is moist, happiness is quiet, happiness is warm, like sweet tart flavour, are afraid of high light, are afraid of vibrations, water funk immersion, be afraid of sulks, live in seclusion all day and locate in the lucifuge of multiplying thing is dark.(13 ℃～28 ℃ of earthworms---25 ℃ of optimum temperatures, 34～40 ℃ of fly maggots) controlled humidity is best at 65～80% o'clock growth results under preference temperature.
We have designed and produced fly maggot, the vermiculture bio-reactor of an automation control according to the characteristics of fly maggot, earthworm at the deficiency of said apparatus.
Summary of the invention
[purpose of the present invention] main purpose of the present invention provide one can realize automation control and can the large-scale cultivation fly maggot and the device of earthworm; thereby make fly maggot, earthworm automation, large-scale cultivation become a reality; and it is reasonably recycling that organic discarded rubbish is obtained, and beautifies ecotope.
[thinking of the present invention] carries out large-scale cultivation to fly maggot, earthworm; organic waste can not only be handled effectively rationally and make it that high-valued to obtain earthworm excrement etc. efficient ecological fertile; obtain fly maggot, earthworm protein and the feed of high added value simultaneously; promote comprehensive utilization of waste materials, for ecological expanding economy is contributed share.
The life habit that the present invention is directed to fly maggot, earthworm designs, concrete thinking is as follows: 1. happiness boring, happiness darkness: this reactor is in the integrally closed state, guaranteed the dark condition of its growth, and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating layer height is suitable, for its motion, boring facilitate; 2. happiness is moist: this reactor is controlled by humidity controller, and reactor lower part is distributed with gas distributor and provides air to biology, when humidity is lower than 65%, make air by the hydrophone that atomizes to increase air humidity, thereby be the material humidification, constantly feed dry air to regulate when humidity is higher than 80%; 3. like warm: the temperature that this reactor is regulated bubbling air by heat exchanger is in the biological growth preference temperature thereby control whole material layer temperature; 4. like sweet tart flavour: assign to regulate wherein taste by the one-tenth that regulate to add reactor content; 5. be afraid of high light:, by opening reactor side sliding window body, and shine to inside reactor, so that fly maggot and earthworm are moved to receiving storehouse (forms opposite) with high lights such as light when fly maggot and earthworm during to the maturing stage; 6. quiet, the fearness vibrations of happiness: fly maggot, earthworm cast impel it to move up by slight stirring of machinery more for a long time, and excreta falls into the reception storehouse of reactor lower part by stirring simultaneously.
[operating process] at first by charge door 7 with material and fly maggot after earthworm add in the reactor shell 12, by distributing device 13 material is paved and is mixed; Begin to cultivate after shutting emissive plastic glazing 4, whether the demonstration decision by thermocouple and hygronom 3 needs to change temperature and humidity, if temperature is lower than cultivation temperature, external heat exchanger is regulated the temperature of extraneous air air inlet 21, disperse to enter inside reactor to regulate temperature by air intake device 19, enter air intake device 19 to regulate by humidifying air if humidity is lower than the cultivation desired moisture level; As if needing the part metabolite is discharged after cultivating certain hour, feed hot-air earlier fly maggot and earthworm are caught up with into the topper bed of material, by rotation excretion machine 17 tiny metabolite is entered in the metabolite catch tray 1 by screen cloth 18 again; When fly maggot and earthworm cultivation end, feeding hot-air by extraneous air air inlet 21 forces it to move up, open emissive plastic glazing simultaneously and add that high light stimulates its feed bin 16 to reactor one side to move, and rotates discharge handwheel 14 simultaneously fly maggot and earthworm are entered in the feed bin 16 by removal device 15.Finish the incubation of one-period this moment.
[technology path of the present invention]
(1) according to the life habit of fly maggot, earthworm, the characteristic of its defecate and the characteristics of required biological product, and design provides a kind of continuous and automatic control and can the large-scale cultivation fly maggot and the bio-reactor of earthworm.The formation of reactor: at the bottom of the reactor, reactor light inlet window, reactor head, feeding section, fly maggot and earthworm collector, forced ventilation device, process automation control device and heat exchanger.
(2) reactor bottom comprises waste gathering dish, support and sweeps dirty device, and this part is used for cleaning, collects fly maggot and earthworm metabolite.
(3) the reactor light inlet window comprises printing opacity emissive plastic glazing, window clamp and window lid, and the reactor light inlet window is positioned at the reactor side, is used to strengthen inner fly maggot of light stimulus and earthworm and moves.
(4) reactor head comprises stirring motor, rotating shaft, bearing and distributing device, and distributing device is positioned at the reactor body middle part, is used for the mixing of material in the reactor.
(5) fly maggot and earthworm collector comprise discharge handwheel, removal device and feed bin, are positioned at the opposite of reactor light inlet window, are used to collect the fly maggot and the earthworm in maturing stage.
(6) forced ventilation device comprises screen cloth, air intake device and extraneous air import, and this part is used for air conditioning and air mode of entrance.
(7) described process automation control device comprises thermocouple and hygronom installed part and air inflow control, and this part is used to control factors such as the temperature, humidity of reactor, to regulate optimal culture condition.
Advantage of the present invention is 1. to have designed the bio-reactor that is beneficial to its growth according to life habit and the characteristics of fly maggot, earthworm, and this reactor has been realized automation control and can large-scale production have been amplified.2. utilize fly maggot, earthworm to assimilate the characteristics of organic waste, realized the cyclic utilization of waste, and obtain the product of high added value---ecological fertilizer and fly maggot, earthworm protein-rich product etc.3. overcome traditional cultural method not ease for operation, seasonality, be not suitable for the shortcoming of breeding scale, fly maggot, earthworm automation control have been realized, for its growth provides the suitable growth condition, shorten its growth cycle, for reducing operating cost, enlarging the scale of operation and created condition.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the general structure layout of this patent reactor.
Wherein, 1. metabolite catch tray, 2. support, 3. thermocouple and hygronom installed part, 4. emissive plastic glazing, 5. window clamp, 6. window lid, 7. loading hopper and lid, 8. rotating shaft, 9. motor, 10. bearing, 11. loam cakes, 12. reactor shell, 13. distributing devices, 14. discharge handwheels, 15. removal devices, 16. feed bin, 17. sweep dirty device, 18. screen clothes, 19. air intake device, 20. screws, 21. extraneous air air inlets and air inflow control.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the air intake device of this patent reactor.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the emissive plastic glazing clamp of this patent reactor.
Accompanying drawing 4 is the heat exchanger of this patent reactor.
Wherein, 1. water inlet, 2. air intake, 3. air compressor, 4. heat exchanger side, 5. water atomizer(-iser), 6. water, air-distribution net, 7. air outlet slit, 8. circulating water outlet.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Is that 75% steam puffed stalk material adds in the reactor shell 12 by charge door 7 with humidity, by distributing device 13 material is paved and is mixed, and shuts to begin cold mould behind the emissive plastic glazing 4 and cultivate.This cold mould requirement of experiment material layer temperature is controlled at 35 ℃, humidity 75% and is beneficial to fly maggot and cultivates.After cultivating beginning, the demonstration of thermocouple and hygronom 3 is respectively---24 ℃ of temperature, humidity 75%, the temperature that need regulate extraneous air air inlet 21 by external heat exchanger.At first feed 40 ℃ of hot-airs the bed of material is heated, disperse to enter inside reactor with the adjusting temperature, after heating a period of time by air intake device 19, temperature reaches 35 ℃, begin to be incubated static culture then, when bed of material humidity is lower than 75%, the bed of material is carried out humidification by feeding humid air.By implementing cold mould experiment, the temperature in the realization response device, humidity are controlled fast, reach the Expected Results of reactor.Simultaneously obvious for the solid-state culture effect of fly maggot.
Embodiment 2:
Is that 75% steam puffed stalk material adds in the reactor shell 12 by charge door 7 with humidity, by distributing device 13 material is paved and is mixed, and shuts to begin cold mould behind the emissive plastic glazing 4 and cultivate.This cold mould requirement of experiment material layer temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, humidity 75%.After cultivating beginning, the demonstration of thermocouple and hygronom 3 is respectively---20 ℃ of temperature, humidity 75%, the temperature that need regulate extraneous air air inlet 21 by external heat exchanger.At first feed 30 ℃ of hot-airs the bed of material is heated, disperse to enter inside reactor with adjusting temperature and humidity, after heating a period of time by air intake device 19, temperature reaches 25 ℃, begin to be incubated static culture then, when bed of material humidity is lower than 75%, the bed of material is carried out humidification by feeding humid air.By implementing cold mould experiment, the temperature in the realization response device, humidity are controlled fast, reach the Expected Results of reactor.Simultaneously obvious for the solid-state culture effect of earthworm.
Embodiment 3:
Is that 50% steam puffed stalk material adds in the reactor shell 12 by charge door 7 with humidity, by distributing device 13 material is paved and is mixed, and shuts to begin cold mould behind the emissive plastic glazing 4 and cultivate.This cold mould requirement of experiment material layer temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, humidity 75%.After cultivating beginning, the demonstration of thermocouple and hygronom 3 is respectively---21 ℃ of temperature, humidity 50%, the temperature that need regulate extraneous air air inlet 21 by external heat exchanger.At first feeding 30 ℃ of hot humidifying airs heats and humidification the bed of material, disperse to enter inside reactor to regulate temperature and humidity by air intake device 19, warming and humidifying is after a period of time, humidity reaches 75% earlier, regulate air then and become to enter heated drying air, temperature reaches 25 ℃, begins to be incubated static culture then, when bed of material humidity is lower than 75%, the bed of material is carried out humidification by feeding humid air.By implementing cold mould experiment, the temperature in the realization response device, humidity are controlled fast, reach the Expected Results of reactor.Simultaneously obvious for the solid-state culture effect of earthworm.
Claims (8)
- The automatic control bio-reactor of 1 one kinds of fly maggots, vermiculture comprises:Reactor by reactor at the bottom of, reactor light inlet window, reactor head, feeding section, fly maggot and earthworm collector, forced ventilation device, process automation control device and heat exchanger form, described reactor bottom comprises waste gathering dish (1), support (2) and sweeps dirty device (17); Described reactor light inlet window comprises printing opacity emissive plastic glazing (4), window clamp (5) and window lid (6); Reactor head comprises stirring motor (9), rotating shaft (8), bearing (10) and distributing device (13); Described feeding section comprises loading hopper and lid (7); Described fly maggot and earthworm collector comprise discharge handwheel (14), removal device (15) and feed bin (16); Described forced ventilation device comprises screen cloth (18), air intake device (19) and extraneous air import (21); Described process automation control device comprises thermocouple and hygronom installed part (3) and air inflow control (21).
- 2 automatic control bio-reactors according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described dirty device (17) of sweeping is positioned at screen cloth top, is used to remove the metabolism residue.
- 3 automatic control bio-reactors according to claim 1 is characterized in that described reactor light inlet window is positioned at the reactor side, are used to strengthen inner fly maggot of light stimulus and earthworm and move.
- 4 automatic control bio-reactors according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described distributing device (13) is positioned at the reactor body middle part, is used for the mixing of material in the reactor.
- 5 automatic control bio-reactors according to claim 1 is characterized in that described fly maggot and earthworm collector are positioned at the opposite of reactor light inlet window, are used to collect the fly maggot and the earthworm in maturing stage.
- 6 automatic control bio-reactors according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described air intake device (19) is positioned at screen cloth (18) bottom, described extraneous air import (21) is positioned at air intake device (19) import department, described heat exchanger is connected extraneous air import (21), is used for temperature, the humidity regulation of reactor.
- 7 one kinds are used for each described fly maggot process for solid culture of claim 1-6, may further comprise the steps:(1) by loading hopper (7) material and fly maggot are added in the reactor shell (12), material is paved and mixed by distributing device (13);(2) shut and begin behind organic emissive plastic glazing (4) to cultivate, temperature is controlled at 34～40 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 65～80%;(3) fly maggot was cultivated after 3 days, fed hot-air and forced fly maggot to move up, and opened emissive plastic glazing (4) simultaneously and added that high light stimulates it to move to reactor feed bin (16), rotated discharge handwheel (14) simultaneously and made fly maggot pass through removal device (15) to enter feed bin (16).
- 8 one kinds are used for each described earthworm process for solid culture of claim 1-6, may further comprise the steps:(1) by loading hopper (7) material and earthworm are added in the reactor shell (12), material is paved and mixed by distributing device (13);(2) shut and begin behind organic emissive plastic glazing (4) to cultivate, temperature is controlled at 20 ℃～27 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 65～80%;(3) every cultivation is six days, feed 35 ℃ of hot-airs by heat exchanger, rotate then and sweep dirty device (17) cleaning metabolite it is entered in the waste gathering dish (1), earthworm was cultivated after 50 days, feeding hot-air forces it to move up, open emissive plastic glazing (4) simultaneously and add that high light stimulates it to move to reactor feed bin (16), rotate discharge handwheel (14) simultaneously and make earthworm pass through removal device (15) to enter feed bin (16).
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| CN102958358A (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2013-03-06 | 陈炳圭 | Fly larva breeding device |
| CN104026733A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-10 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Tobacco waste material treatment device with maggot and material separation function |
| CN104056844A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-24 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Automatic tobacco waste treating device |
| CN104056845A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-24 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Multipurpose tobacco waste treatment device |
| CN104055218A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-24 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Automatic discharged tobacco waste material treating device with temperature regulation function |
| CN104209313A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-12-17 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Novel tobacco waste treatment apparatus |
| CN104756954A (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2015-07-08 | 黑龙江省畜牧机械化研究所 | Quick and automatic fly and maggot separation device |
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| CN2528221Y (en) * | 2002-04-04 | 2003-01-01 | 中国农业大学 | Earthworm biological reactor |
| CN2932991Y (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2007-08-15 | 孙建亨 | Automatic collecting fly maggot cultivating device |
| CN201036293Y (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-03-19 | 李金穗 | Multifunctional maggot and earthworm cultivating device |
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| CN102958358A (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2013-03-06 | 陈炳圭 | Fly larva breeding device |
| CN102958358B (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2014-06-18 | 陈炳圭 | Fly larva breeding device |
| CN104756954A (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2015-07-08 | 黑龙江省畜牧机械化研究所 | Quick and automatic fly and maggot separation device |
| CN106007836B (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2019-03-15 | 杨季冬 | A kind of composting device |
| CN106007836A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2016-10-12 | 杨季冬 | Composting device |
| CN104055218A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-24 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Automatic discharged tobacco waste material treating device with temperature regulation function |
| CN104209313B (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2017-01-25 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Novel tobacco waste treatment apparatus |
| CN104056845A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-24 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Multipurpose tobacco waste treatment device |
| CN104026733B (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2016-04-20 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of tobacco waste treating apparatus with maggot material separation function |
| CN104055218B (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2016-08-17 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of automatization's discharging tobacco waste processing means with temp regulating function |
| CN104056844A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-24 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Automatic tobacco waste treating device |
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| CN104209313A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-12-17 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Novel tobacco waste treatment apparatus |
| CN104026733A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-10 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Tobacco waste material treatment device with maggot and material separation function |
| CN107549125A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-09 | 成都市农林科学院 | A kind of efficient live body earthworm separation method and the device for realizing this method |
| CN107549125B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2024-05-14 | 成都市农林科学院 | Efficient living earthworm separation method and device for realizing same |
| CN107824605B (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2023-11-28 | 中南大学 | Automatic treatment system for organic waste biological utilization technology |
| TWI699349B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2020-07-21 | 遠東科技大學 | Breeding assembly and method for removing composting organism |
| CN111436399A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-07-24 | 广州无两生物科技有限公司 | Method for regulating and controlling feeding raw materials of hermetia illucens larvae |
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