CN111436399B - Method for regulating and controlling feeding raw materials of hermetia illucens larvae - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of hermetia illucens breeding, and particularly relates to a method for regulating and controlling feeding raw materials of hermetia illucens larvae, wherein the hermetia illucens larvae are stimulated by light according to the light-resistant characteristic of the hermetia illucens larvae, and when light with the intensity higher than a certain light intensity is given, the hermetia illucens larvae are drilled into the raw materials so as to feed from inside to outside; when the illumination lower than a certain illumination intensity is given or no illumination is given, the black soldier fly larvae climb out of the raw materials and feed from inside to outside, so that the feeding position and the raw material depth are forced to be changed by adjusting different illumination intensities, and the aim of improving the raw material feeding efficiency is finally fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hermetia illucens breeding, and particularly relates to a method for regulating and controlling feeding raw materials of hermetia illucens larvae.
Background
Hermetia illucens (Hermetia illucens L.) is a saprophytic Hermetia illucens, native to the americas, and is now widely distributed throughout the world, mainly between 40 degrees north and south latitude. The black soldier fly larvae can feed raw materials, such as kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure and the like, and convert the raw materials into high-nutrition worm bodies and worm manure. The insect manure is a natural organic fertilizer. The polypide has high protein and high energy, and can be directly used as feed raw material for breeding industry, and can extract bioactive substances such as antibacterial peptide and chitin, thereby improving value. Therefore, the mass breeding of the hermetia illucens larvae is not only beneficial to environmental protection, but also can generate new feed protein and energy, thereby having good social, environmental and economic benefits.
The life of the black soldier fly lasts about 40-45 days and respectively passes through 5 stages of egg, larva, prepupa, pupa and adult. After the black soldier fly is hatched from an egg into larvae, the feed intake is very large, the black soldier fly is the 'gold' feeding stage of the black soldier fly, and the black soldier fly at the stage is generally used for treating organic wastes or providing rich nutritional raw materials so as to ensure the normal growth of the black soldier fly larvae. In the feeding process of the hermetia illucens, except for self energy consumption, 80% of raw materials can be changed into self high-quality insect protein and fat through biotransformation of the hermetia illucens and the hermetia illucens, and 20% of the raw materials can be changed into nutrient-rich insect-dung organic fertilizer.
However, because the sources of the raw materials are different, the difference of the dry degree and the wet degree, the leavening degree and the distribution of the nutrient components is large, and the black soldier fly larvae have selectivity when eating: if the humidity of the garbage is too high or the temperature is too high, the larvae feed from the outermost surface to the inside of the raw materials, and the garbage raw materials are continuously spread in the feeding process until the garbage is completely fed; if the garbage is dry or the temperature is low, the larvae can feed from inside to outside; although most of the nutrient substances in the raw materials can be consumed in the two feeding processes, the raw materials are not completely consumed due to the feeding selectivity.
In order to improve the feeding efficiency and uniformity of larvae, the conventional breeding method generally adds auxiliary materials into raw materials to process the raw materials into a uniform dry humidity standard, but the breeding cost is overhigh. Therefore, in order to save cost, the prior culture equipment is additionally provided with the turning equipment to relieve the problem of incomplete ingestion, but the turning equipment can stir the ingested and non-ingested raw materials together when the raw materials are turned, thereby increasing the amount to be treated and the ingestion difficulty, and being incapable of solving the problem of incomplete ingestion fundamentally.
Therefore, there is a need for a low-cost method for regulating and controlling the feeding of hermetia illucens, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency and uniformity of raw material feeding.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for regulating and controlling the feeding raw materials of black soldier fly larvae.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for regulating and controlling feed intake raw materials of hermetia illucens larvae, which specifically comprises the following steps: the illumination equipment is additionally arranged above or/and below the black soldier fly breeding trough, and the illumination intensity of the illumination equipment is adjusted in the feeding process of the black soldier fly larvae, so that the feeding position and the raw material depth of the black soldier fly larvae are changed.
Because the black soldier fly larvae are sensitive to light, when the light intensity exceeds a certain degree, the larvae can find a relatively light-resistant place to hide, namely the light-resistant characteristic of the black soldier fly larvae. By utilizing the characteristic, lighting equipment with certain lighting intensity can be added above or/and below the breeding tank to adjust the feeding mode of the hermetia illucens larvae. Stimulating the black soldier fly larvae by using illumination, and drilling the black soldier fly larvae into the raw materials to avoid the illumination when the illumination higher than a certain illumination intensity is given, so that the black soldier fly larvae feed from inside to outside; when the illumination lower than a certain illumination intensity is given or no illumination is given, the black soldier fly larvae climb out of the raw materials and feed from inside to outside, so that different feeding positions and raw material depths of the black soldier fly larvae can be changed by adjusting different illumination intensities, and the purposes of regulating and controlling the feeding process of the black soldier fly larvae and completely feeding the raw materials are achieved.
Preferably, the illumination device generates illumination intensity smaller than 500Lux or/and generates illumination intensity larger than 1000Lux, and the wavelength of the illumination generated by the illumination device is 380-780 nm.
When the illumination intensity is higher than 1000Lux, the illumination of each position in the breeding tank can be ensured to be in an illumination sensitive area of the black soldier fly larvae, and the black soldier fly larvae in the breeding tank can penetrate into the raw materials for feeding from inside to outside due to the light-resistant characteristic of the black soldier fly larvae; and when the illumination intensity is lower than 500Lux or no illumination is given, the illumination at each position in the breeding tank is in a non-illumination sensitive area of the hermetia illucens larvae, and the hermetia illucens larvae in the breeding tank feed from the outside to the inside of the surface of the raw materials.
Preferably, the cultivation tank is provided with a turning device, and after the turning device finishes turning in the cultivation tank, the illumination intensity of the illumination device is adjusted.
Under more circumstances, in order to promote the ventilation heat dissipation of raw materials, be unlikely to the survival that the high temperature influences black soldier fly larva, generally need adopt to turn over throwing equipment and carry out the processing of throwing to the raw materials in the breed groove, turn over throwing and can increase the gas permeability of raw materials to a certain extent, reduce its temperature, nevertheless can lead to the enthusiasm decline of feeding of black soldier fly larva, the problem of not thorough feeding can appear equally, the reason lies in: after the breeding tank is turned and thrown through the turning and throwing device, raw materials which are not eaten by the larvae and raw materials which are eaten by the larvae are mixed together, the black soldier fly larvae dislike to eat, namely the feeding enthusiasm of the black soldier fly larvae is greatly reduced, at the moment, the light-tight characteristic of the black soldier fly larvae can be utilized, the lighting device is additionally arranged above the breeding tank on the premise that the turning and throwing device is used in a matching mode in the conventional black soldier fly breeding process, and the black soldier fly larvae can be forced to drill into garbage to eat after being irradiated with light higher than certain lighting intensity, so that the problem of incomplete feeding is solved.
Preferably, in other embodiments, when the moisture content of the feedstock is above 60%, the illumination intensity of the illumination device is adjusted to be greater than 1000Lux, and the feedstock is tumbled 3-5 times per day using the tumbling device.
The water content of the raw materials is too high, the air permeability is poor, the fermentation heat is easy to occur in the stacking process, the temperature is too high, the black soldier fly larvae generally eat the surface layer and then run out and eat the wet garbage, and the problem of incomplete ingestion is also caused.
Preferably, in other embodiments, when the moisture content of the raw material is less than 60% and the internal temperature is higher than 35 ℃, the illumination intensity of the illumination device is adjusted to be more than 1000Lux, and the raw material is turned 2-3 times per day by using the turning device.
The feeding amount of the raw materials has a certain thickness (more than 10 cm), the raw materials can be eaten generally for more than 8 days, for the drier raw materials, the black soldier fly larvae eat about 3cm from the surface and then do not continue to eat inside, because the air permeability of the raw materials inside is not good, the light-tight characteristic of the black soldier fly larvae can be utilized at the moment, the eating depth of the black soldier fly larvae is changed, and the problem of incomplete eating is solved.
By utilizing the light-resistant characteristic of the hermetia illucens larvae, the lighting equipment with certain lighting intensity can be added above the breeding tank to adjust the feeding mode of the hermetia illucens larvae.
The method for regulating and controlling the feed intake raw materials of the hermetia illucens larvae by utilizing the characteristics specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, starting turning equipment after larvae are put on raw materials and feed for 3-5 h;
s2, completing one-time turning according to a conventional breeding rule;
s3, adjusting the illumination intensity of the illumination equipment to be more than 1000Lux, and illuminating for 1-2 h;
s4, repeating the steps S2 and S3 until the ingestion is finished.
Then, the lucifugal characteristic of the hermetia illucens larvae is utilized to carry out insect material separation: the illumination intensity of the illumination equipment is adjusted to be more than 1000Lux, the larva can avoid the lowest layer of the worm material mixture in the culture tank, then the waste material on the upper layer is removed, and the remaining worm material mixture can be separated by a mechanical sieve.
In some special cases, the hermetia illucens larvae are also sensitive to temperature, and when the temperature exceeds or falls below a certain level (generally above 31 ℃ or below 15 ℃), the larvae can be hidden in a place (between 15 and 30 ℃) with comfortable temperature. In the weather (above 30 ℃) with higher temperature, when the temperature in the raw material is overhigh, even if the illumination exceeding certain illumination intensity is given to the larvae, a great part of the larvae still do not enter the raw material for feeding or gather on the surface layer of the shallow raw material for feeding; in the weather (below 15 ℃) with lower temperature, the hermetia illucens larvae can gather at the bottom of the raw material for feeding, so that the feeding is not thorough, the surface and/or the bottom of the raw material are heated or cooled while the illumination treatment is carried out, the temperature of the surface and/or the bottom of the raw material is not in a comfortable area of the larvae, and therefore the larvae can enter the middle of the raw material for feeding, and the feeding efficiency is improved.
In view of the above situation, the present invention further comprises the step of adjusting the temperature of the bottom and/or surface of the raw material in the culture tank.
Preferably, temperature control equipment is further arranged above and/or at the bottom of the breeding tank, the temperature control equipment is heating equipment (such as a floor heating device, an electric blanket, an electric heating wire, an infrared heater, an electric heater and a fan heater) or refrigerating equipment (such as a circulating water pipe, a semiconductor refrigerating sheet, a vertical air conditioner, an air cooler and the like), and after the turning and throwing equipment finishes turning and throwing in the breeding tank, the temperature of the bottom and/or the surface of the raw material is adjusted through the temperature control equipment, so that the feeding position and the raw material depth of the black soldier fly larvae are changed.
The method for regulating and controlling the feed intake raw materials of the hermetia illucens larvae by utilizing the temperature-sensitive characteristic of the hermetia illucens larvae specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, starting turning equipment after larvae are put on raw materials and feed for 3-5 h;
s2, completing one-time turning according to a conventional breeding rule;
s3, adjusting the illumination intensity of the illumination equipment to be more than 1000Lux, irradiating for 1-2h, or/and opening the temperature control equipment to perform circulating temperature control treatment, controlling the temperature once every 10-30min, and controlling the temperature for 1-10min each time;
s4, repeating the steps S2 and S3 until the ingestion is finished.
And finally, separating the insect material by utilizing the photophobic characteristic of the hermetia illucens larvae.
Preferably, the standard for completing the raw material feeding is as follows: when the raw materials in the culture tank are fluffy and granular and do not change in quantity within 2-4h, the situation that the raw materials are completely eaten can be judged.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise kitchen waste, bean dregs, expired food, food processing byproducts, livestock and poultry manure and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method comprises the steps that the black soldier fly larvae selectively feed on raw materials due to temperature and/or humidity or processing of turning equipment in the process of feeding the raw materials, so that the raw materials are not thoroughly processed, and therefore the method for regulating and controlling feeding of the black soldier fly larvae is provided, the black soldier fly larvae are stimulated by illumination according to the light-proof property of the black soldier fly larvae, and the black soldier fly larvae feed from outside to inside when illumination lower than certain illumination intensity is given or no illumination is given at all; when the illumination higher than a certain illumination intensity is given, the black soldier fly larvae feed from inside to outside, so that the feeding position and the raw material depth are forced to be changed by adjusting different illumination intensities, and the purpose of improving the raw material feeding efficiency is finally achieved. In the feeding process by adopting the method, the black soldier fly larvae are fed in for feeding for 5 days, and then are fed for 3 times per day on average, so that the black soldier fly larvae can feed the raw materials fully. Compared with the method for adding auxiliary materials into the raw materials, the method provided by the invention not only can save the cost, but also can improve the efficiency of food intake, is more beneficial to environmental protection, and has better economic benefit. In addition, under the condition that the external temperature is too high or too low, the feeding effect of the hermetia illucens larvae can be more effectively improved by adopting temperature control treatment to assist illumination stimulation.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The test methods used in the following experimental examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents and the like used are, unless otherwise specified, commercially available reagents and materials.
Example 1 Using the method of the present invention and conventional methods to regulate the feeding of 1 ton of low humidity trash by Hermetia illucens larvae
(1) The method provided by the invention is adopted to regulate and control 1 ton of hermetia illucens larvae to eat kitchen waste with water contents of 25%, 40% and 55% respectively
The culture equipment of the experiment comprises a culture tank (the length, width and height are 2m multiplied by 0.75m), turning equipment (turning equipment related in the patent with the publication number of CN 110432229A) arranged near the notch of the culture tank and adjustable bulbs arranged right above or/and below the central position of the culture tank, wherein the distance between the bulbs and the notch of the culture tank is 0.75m, and the illumination intensity of the bulbs at least comprises two gears of 400Lux and 1200 Lux. The method for regulating and controlling feeding of the hermetia illucens larvae specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly putting the kitchen waste into a cultivation tank, wherein the putting thickness is 15cm, then putting 3-day-old black soldier fly larvae into the cultivation tank, wherein the mass ratio of the putting amount of the black soldier fly larvae to the putting amount of the kitchen waste is 3:100, and starting turning equipment after 5 hours of feeding (about 3cm of feeding, at the moment, the kitchen waste is poor in air permeability and high in temperature, and the black soldier fly larvae have the phenomenon of escaping);
s2, turning over once according to a conventional breeding regulation by referring to a patent method with a patent publication number of CN110432230A (a black soldier fly breeding method based on breeding equipment);
s3, adjusting the illumination intensity of the bulb to be more than 1200Lux, and irradiating for 1.5 h;
s4, turning and polishing the kitchen waste 3 times per day according to the methods of the steps S2 and S3;
s5, when the black soldier fly larvae are thrown into the feed for feeding for 5 days, feeding the feed for 3 times per day on average, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 25 times of the feeding amount of the black soldier fly larvae, regularly observing the change condition of the kitchen waste in the culture tank after 1 ton of the kitchen waste is thrown, and judging that the feed is completely fed when the raw materials in the culture tank are fluffy and granular and the quantity is not changed within 3 hours;
s6, separating the insect material by utilizing the photophobic characteristic of the hermetia illucens larvae: the illumination intensity of the illumination equipment is adjusted to be more than 1000Lux, the larva can avoid the lowest layer of the worm material mixture in the culture tank, then the waste material on the upper layer is removed, and the remaining worm material mixture can be separated by a mechanical sieve.
Finally, after the raw materials which are fed completely are screened, the residual weight of the kitchen waste in the culture tank is counted (the undegraded large residual materials are taken as a statistical standard), and the feeding efficiency of the kitchen waste is calculated according to the following formula; meanwhile, the total fresh weight of the bred hermetia illucens larvae is counted.
The food intake efficiency is (total input amount of kitchen waste-residual amount of kitchen waste)/total input amount of kitchen waste x 100%.
(2) The conventional method is adopted to regulate and control 1 ton of hermetia illucens larvae to eat respectively kitchen waste with water content of 25%, 40% and 55%
The breeding equipment of the conventional method is the same as the breeding equipment, the method for regulating and controlling the feeding of the hermetia illucens larvae is the same as the breeding equipment, and the only difference is that no light is applied, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly putting the kitchen waste into a cultivation tank, wherein the putting thickness is 15cm, then putting 3-day-old black soldier fly larvae into the cultivation tank, wherein the mass ratio of the putting amount of the black soldier fly larvae to the putting amount of the kitchen waste is 3:100, and starting turning equipment after 5 hours of feeding (about 3cm of feeding, at the moment, the kitchen waste is poor in air permeability and high in temperature, and the black soldier fly larvae have the phenomenon of escaping);
s2, turning over once according to a conventional breeding regulation by referring to a patent method with a patent publication number of CN110432230A (a black soldier fly breeding method based on breeding equipment);
s3, turning the kitchen waste 3 times per day according to the method of the step S2;
s4, when the black soldier fly larvae are thrown into the feed for feeding for 5 days, feeding is carried out for 3 times every day, the feeding amount is 25 times of the throwing amount of the black soldier fly larvae every time, after 1 ton of kitchen waste is thrown, the change condition of the kitchen waste in the culture tank is observed regularly, when the raw materials in the culture tank become fluffy and granular, and the change of the amount does not occur within 3 hours, the fact that the raw materials are completely fed can be judged.
And (4) screening the fed raw materials after worm material separation, counting the residual weight of the kitchen waste in the culture tank (taking undegraded large residual materials as a statistical standard), and calculating the feeding efficiency of the kitchen waste and the total fresh weight of the hermetia illucens larvae.
As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 1, the method for regulating and controlling the feeding of the hermetia illucens larvae is more beneficial to environmental protection and can obtain better economic benefits.
TABLE 1 feeding situation of hermetia illucens larvae on low humidity garbage
Example 2 Using the method of the present invention and a conventional method to regulate and control the feeding of 1 ton of highly humid garbage by Hermetia illucens larvae
(1) The method is adopted to regulate and control 1 ton of hermetia illucens larvae to eat the kitchen waste with the water content of 60%, 70% and 80% respectively
The breeding equipment of the experiment is the same as that in the embodiment 1, and the method for regulating and controlling the feeding of the hermetia illucens larvae specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly putting the kitchen waste into a culture tank, wherein the putting thickness is 10cm, then putting 3-day-old black soldier fly larvae into the culture tank, wherein the mass ratio of the putting amount of the black soldier fly larvae to the putting amount of the kitchen waste is 3:100, and starting turning equipment after 3 hours of feeding (the humidity is high, the air permeability of the kitchen waste is poor, and the food escaping phenomenon can occur soon after the black soldier fly larvae feed in the kitchen waste);
s2, turning over once according to a conventional breeding regulation by referring to a patent method with a patent publication number of CN110432230A (a black soldier fly breeding method based on breeding equipment);
s3, adjusting the illumination intensity of the bulb to be more than 1200Lux, and irradiating for 1.5 h;
s4, turning and polishing the kitchen waste 5 times per day according to the methods of the steps S2 and S3;
s5, when the black soldier fly larvae are thrown in to eat for 5 days, feeding for 3 times per day on average, wherein the feeding amount is 20 times of the throwing amount of the black soldier fly larvae each time, regularly observing the change condition of the kitchen waste in the culture tank after 1 ton of kitchen waste is thrown, and judging that the raw materials are completely eaten when the raw materials in the culture tank are fluffy and granular and the quantity is not changed within 3 hours;
s6, separating the insect material by utilizing the photophobic characteristic of the hermetia illucens larvae: the illumination intensity of the illumination equipment is adjusted to be more than 1000Lux, the larva can avoid the lowest layer of the worm material mixture in the culture tank, then the waste material on the upper layer is removed, and the remaining worm material mixture can be separated by a mechanical sieve.
And finally, screening the fed raw materials, counting the residual weight of the kitchen waste in the culture tank (taking the undegraded large residual materials as a statistical standard), and calculating the feeding efficiency of the kitchen waste and the total fresh weight of the hermetia illucens larvae.
(2) The conventional method is adopted to regulate and control 1 ton of hermetia illucens larvae to eat the kitchen waste with the water content of 60%, 70% and 80% respectively
The breeding equipment of the conventional method is the same as the breeding equipment, the method for regulating and controlling the feeding of the hermetia illucens larvae is the same as the breeding equipment, and the only difference is that no light is applied, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly putting the kitchen waste into a culture tank, wherein the putting thickness is 10cm, then putting 3-day-old black soldier fly larvae into the culture tank, wherein the mass ratio of the putting amount of the black soldier fly larvae to the putting amount of the kitchen waste is 3:100, and starting turning equipment after 3 hours of feeding (the humidity is high, the air permeability of the kitchen waste is poor, and the food escaping phenomenon can occur soon after the black soldier fly larvae feed in the kitchen waste);
s2, turning over once according to a conventional breeding regulation by referring to a patent method with a patent publication number of CN110432230A (a black soldier fly breeding method based on breeding equipment);
s3, turning the kitchen waste for 5 times per day according to the method of the step S2;
s4, when the black soldier fly larvae are thrown in to eat for 5 days, feeding is carried out for 3 times every day, the feeding amount is 20 times of the throwing amount of the black soldier fly larvae every time, after 1 ton of kitchen waste is thrown, the change condition of the kitchen waste in the culture tank is observed regularly, and when the raw materials in the culture tank become fluffy and granular and do not change within 3 hours, the situation that the raw materials are completely eaten is judged.
And (4) screening the fed raw materials after worm material separation, counting the residual weight of the kitchen waste in the culture tank (taking undegraded large residual materials as a statistical standard), and calculating the feeding efficiency of the kitchen waste and the total fresh weight of the hermetia illucens larvae.
As can be seen from the experimental results in Table 2, the method for regulating and controlling the feeding of the hermetia illucens larvae is more beneficial to environmental protection and can obtain better economic benefits.
TABLE 2 feeding situation of black soldier fly larvae on high humidity garbage
Example 3 in the weather of high or low temperature (the outside temperature is 32 ℃ and 10 ℃ respectively), the method and the conventional method are adopted to regulate and control 1 ton of kitchen waste with 40% water content eaten by hermetia illucens larvae
The method comprises the following steps: giving light treatment only
The specific experimental procedure was the same as in example 1.
The method 2 comprises the following steps: giving light treatment and temperature control treatment simultaneously
The breeding equipment of this experiment is equipped with infrared heater directly over breeding the groove simultaneously with embodiment 1, and/or is equipped with circulating pipe at breeding the bottom of the groove. The method for regulating and controlling feeding of the hermetia illucens larvae specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly putting the kitchen waste into a culture tank, putting the kitchen waste into the culture tank with the thickness of 15cm, then putting 3-day-old black soldier fly larvae into the culture tank, wherein the mass ratio of the putting amount of the black soldier fly larvae to the putting amount of the kitchen waste is 3:100, and starting turning equipment after 5 hours of feeding;
s2, turning over once according to a conventional breeding regulation by referring to a patent method with a patent publication number of CN110432230A (a black soldier fly breeding method based on breeding equipment);
s3, adjusting the illumination intensity of the bulb to be more than 1200Lux, irradiating for 1.5h, turning on an infrared heater to perform circulating temperature control treatment on the surface of the raw material in the weather (32 ℃) with higher temperature, controlling the temperature once every 15min, controlling the temperature for 3-5min each time, and keeping the temperature of the surface of the raw material between 33-35 ℃; introducing cooling water into the circulating water pipe at the same time in the weather (10 ℃) with lower temperature, and performing circulating temperature control treatment on the bottom of the raw material, wherein the temperature is controlled once every 10min, and is controlled for 2-3min every time, so that the temperature of the bottom of the raw material is maintained between 7-9 ℃;
in the weather with high temperature, the bottom of the raw material has the highest temperature, the middle of the raw material has the second highest temperature, the surface of the raw material has the lowest temperature, the hermetia illucens larvae generally gather on the surface of the raw material for feeding, and only gather on the shallow position of the surface layer of the raw material for feeding even if illumination stimulation is given, so that the surface of the raw material needs to be heated, and the temperature of the middle of the raw material is relatively the lowest, so that the hermetia illucens larvae gather on the middle of the raw material for feeding, and the feeding efficiency is improved; in the lower weather of temperature, because the temperature of raw materials bottom is the highest, the heisui river horsefly larva generally can gather and feed in the bottom of raw materials, and when the bottom to the raw materials is cooled down and is handled the back, the temperature at raw materials middle part is the highest relatively to also enable heisui river horsefly larva to concentrate on the middle part of raw materials and feed.
S4, turning and polishing the kitchen waste, illuminating and controlling the temperature according to the methods of the steps S2 and S3, wherein the kitchen waste is turned and polished 3 times a day;
s5, when the black soldier fly larvae are thrown into the feed for feeding for 5 days, feeding the feed for 3 times per day on average, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 25 times of the feeding amount of the black soldier fly larvae, regularly observing the change condition of the kitchen waste in the culture tank after 1 ton of the kitchen waste is thrown, and judging that the feed is completely fed when the raw materials in the culture tank are fluffy and granular and the quantity is not changed within 3 hours;
s6, separating the insect material by utilizing the photophobic characteristic of the hermetia illucens larvae: the illumination intensity of the illumination equipment is adjusted to be more than 1000Lux, the larva can avoid the lowest layer of the worm material mixture in the culture tank, then the waste material on the upper layer is removed, and the remaining worm material mixture can be separated by a mechanical sieve.
And finally, screening the fed raw materials, counting the residual weight of the kitchen waste in the culture tank (taking the undegraded large residual materials as a statistical standard), and calculating the feeding efficiency of the kitchen waste and the total fresh weight of the hermetia illucens larvae.
The method 3 comprises the following steps: giving temperature control treatment only
The breeding equipment of this experiment is equipped with infrared heater directly over breeding the groove simultaneously with embodiment 1, and/or is equipped with circulating pipe at breeding the bottom of the groove. The method for regulating and controlling feeding of the hermetia illucens larvae specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly putting the kitchen waste into a cultivation tank, wherein the putting thickness is 15cm, then putting 3-day-old black soldier fly larvae into the cultivation tank, wherein the mass ratio of the putting amount of the black soldier fly larvae to the putting amount of the kitchen waste is 3:100, and starting turning equipment after 5 hours of feeding (about 3cm of feeding, at the moment, the temperature in the kitchen waste exceeds 35 ℃ and the black soldier fly larvae escape);
s2, turning over once according to a conventional breeding regulation by referring to a patent method with a patent publication number of CN110432230A (a black soldier fly breeding method based on breeding equipment);
s3, turning on an infrared heater to perform circulating temperature control treatment on the surface of the raw material in a weather (32 ℃) with high temperature, controlling the temperature once every 15min, and controlling the temperature for 3-5min each time to keep the temperature of the surface of the raw material between 33-35 ℃; introducing cooling water into the circulating water pipe in the weather (10 ℃) with lower temperature, and performing circulating temperature control treatment on the bottom of the raw material, wherein the temperature is controlled once every 10min, and is controlled for 2-3min every time, so that the temperature of the bottom of the raw material is maintained between 7-9 ℃;
in the weather with higher temperature, the bottom of the raw material has the highest temperature, the middle of the raw material has the second highest temperature, the surface of the raw material has the lowest temperature, and the black soldier fly larvae generally gather on the surface of the raw material for feeding, so that the surface of the raw material needs to be subjected to heating treatment, and the middle of the raw material has the lowest temperature, so that the black soldier fly larvae are gathered in the middle of the raw material for feeding, and the feeding efficiency is improved; in the lower weather of temperature, because the temperature of raw materials bottom is the highest, the heisui river horsefly larva generally can gather and feed in the bottom of raw materials, and when the bottom to the raw materials is cooled down and is handled the back, the temperature at raw materials middle part is the highest relatively to also enable heisui river horsefly larva to concentrate on the middle part of raw materials and feed.
S4, turning and controlling the temperature of the kitchen waste according to the methods of the steps S2 and S3, wherein the kitchen waste is turned 3 times a day;
s5, when the black soldier fly larvae are thrown into the feed for feeding for 5 days, feeding the feed for 3 times per day on average, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 25 times of the feeding amount of the black soldier fly larvae, regularly observing the change condition of the kitchen waste in the culture tank after 1 ton of the kitchen waste is thrown, and judging that the feed is completely fed when the raw materials in the culture tank are fluffy and granular and the quantity is not changed within 3 hours;
s6, separating the insect material by utilizing the photophobic characteristic of the hermetia illucens larvae: the illumination intensity of the illumination equipment is adjusted to be more than 1000Lux, the larva can avoid the lowest layer of the worm material mixture in the culture tank, then the waste material on the upper layer is removed, and the remaining worm material mixture can be separated by a mechanical sieve.
And finally, screening the fed raw materials, counting the residual weight of the kitchen waste in the culture tank (taking the undegraded large residual materials as a statistical standard), and calculating the feeding efficiency of the kitchen waste and the total fresh weight of the hermetia illucens larvae.
The method 4 comprises the following steps: conventional methods
The specific experimental procedure was the same as the conventional one in example 1.
As can be seen from the experimental results in table 3, in the weather of over-high or over-low temperature, even if the hermetia illucens larvae are subjected to light stimulation, the feeding efficiency of the larvae on the kitchen waste still fails to achieve a good effect, and when the temperature control treatment is performed on the surface or the bottom of the raw material at the same time, the feeding efficiency of the larvae can be further improved, but the improvement of the feeding efficiency by the independent temperature control treatment is not significant; the demonstration is that under the condition that the external temperature is too high or too low, the feeding effect of the hermetia illucens larvae can be more effectively improved by adopting temperature control treatment to assist illumination stimulation, the problem that raw materials are not thoroughly treated is effectively solved, a better feeding effect of the hermetia illucens can be obtained, a higher fresh weight of the hermetia illucens is obtained, and the time for garbage disposal can be shortened.
TABLE 3 feeding condition of hermetia illucens larvae at higher temperature
TABLE 4 feeding condition of Hermetia illucens larvae at low temperature
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
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