CN101583347A - 口服制剂 - Google Patents

口服制剂 Download PDF

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CN101583347A
CN101583347A CNA2007800424350A CN200780042435A CN101583347A CN 101583347 A CN101583347 A CN 101583347A CN A2007800424350 A CNA2007800424350 A CN A2007800424350A CN 200780042435 A CN200780042435 A CN 200780042435A CN 101583347 A CN101583347 A CN 101583347A
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solid composite
tablet
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小罗纳德·S·弗拉迪卡
戴维·C·达尔加诺
约翰·D·尤利厄希
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Ariad Gene Therapeutics Inc
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Abstract

本发明公开了适于口服给药的含有AP23573的固体药物组合物。

Description

口服制剂
发明背景
本发明涉及雷帕霉素-43-二甲基次膦酸酯(AP23573)的固体制剂:
Figure A20078004243500031
体外和体内异种移植模型中,AP23573强效地抑制多种人肿瘤细胞系(包括前列腺、子宫内膜、软组织和骨肉瘤、白血病、淋巴瘤和成胶质细胞瘤细胞系)的增殖。
AP23573的人类临床研究已经表现出对于患有不同癌症的患者具有积极的结果,包括可能延迟肿瘤进展和复发的时间。
AP23573也用于开发AP23573-涂层支架(eluting stents)的研究中。在该内容中AP23573的作用为在支架引入后抑制再狭窄。
部分基于对其它mTOR抑制剂的已知的生物学活性,AP23573也可以用于一系列对于用mTOR抑制剂治疗敏感的适应症,包括但不限于,治疗和预防器官移植排斥和自身免疫性疾病、真菌感染、多发性硬化;类风湿性关节炎、全身性红斑狼疮[参见,例如美国专利5,078,999]、肺炎[美国专利5,080,899]、胰岛素依赖型糖尿病[美国专利5,321,009]、皮肤病,如牛皮癣[美国专利5,286,730]、肠病[美国专利5,286,731]、血管损伤后的平滑肌细胞增殖和内膜增厚[美国专利5,288,711和5,516,781]、成人T-细胞白血病/淋巴瘤[欧洲专利申请525,960A1]、眼炎[美国专利5,387,589]、恶性肿瘤[美国专利5,206,018]、心脏炎性疾病[美国专利5,496,832],和贫血[美国专利5,561,138]。
研发和使用AP23573的一个重要的挑战为开发用于口服给药的存储稳定的固体剂型。更具体地,我们已经发现AP23573片剂(通过直接压制未微粉化的AP23573与标准赋形剂和填充剂制备得到,含有或不含有抗氧化剂)迄今提供了欠佳的片剂,其不能呈现所需的高均匀性(homogeneity)和稳定性。
发明概述
我们已经对AP23573的降解进行了详细的研究,且已经确定的重要的降解途径涉及化合物的三烯部分的氧化。而且,我们已经发现AP23573也通过内酯键的断裂发生水解降解,导致形成开环的seco-AP23573。
因为AP23573为无定形的固体,而不是如雷帕霉素或西罗莫司(temsirolimus)的结晶物质,所以我们不能直接利用在配制那些化合物中所报导的知识,而是基于根据AP23573本身的经验研究。
源自那些研究的本发明克服了上述的问题,且提供了合理储存稳定性、生物利用度的AP23573的口服制剂,其适合用于药用,且不需要微粉化。
适于口服给药的药物组合物包含2-35%的AP23573,0.01-3%的抗氧化剂和70-97%的载体物质(该载体物质包含至少一种纤维素聚合物),任选含有一种或多种其它的可药用赋形剂。除非另有说明,本文中所有百分比均基于重量/重量。合适的载体物质包括微晶纤维素、羟丙基纤维素和乳糖单水合物,其通常分别以20-55%,2-15%和15-70%的量使用。当前用于本发明组合物的优选的抗氧化剂为丁羟甲苯(butylated hydroxytoluene,″BHT″)。其它的赋形剂可包括物质如交联羧甲基纤维素钠和硬脂酸镁。
该组合物可制备为多种物理形式(胶囊、片剂、小胶囊(caplets)等),且最关注那些含有10-60mg,一般为10-40mg的AP23573的组合物。含有10mg的AP23573的压制片剂是当前最感兴趣的。该片剂可任选含有可药用的膜包衣或肠溶包衣。
该组合物可使用其它常规混合技术和设备制备,使用高切应力型制粒机湿法制粒,然后使用流化床干燥的方法是当前最感兴趣的。
在该方法中,提供AP23573在选择的溶剂中的溶液,如含水乙醇溶液或水溶液(且可用其它醇代替乙醇)。该溶液(其也可以含有抗氧化剂)与载体混合,形成湿块。该过程通常在制粒机或其它混合设备(如高切应力型制粒机)中进行。然后将该湿块混合(如通过制粒),得到湿颗粒。然后将该湿颗粒干燥(例如在流化床干燥器中),得到干颗粒,将其压制成片剂,且视需要包衣。
如上所述,AP23573的溶液也可以含有抗氧化剂。替代性地,或进一步地,抗氧化剂可在加入AP23573溶液之前或之后单独与载体物质混合,在任一情形下,掺入至所得的湿块中。其它的赋形剂也可以在掺入至湿块的步骤中加入。也可以将赋形剂加入至湿或干颗粒中。
已发现通过该方法制备的固体药物组合物具有合适的存储稳定性和生物利用度(适于用于人类临床研究)。
发明详述
本发明提供了储存稳定的单一剂型(unit dosage form)的固体药物组合物,其包含AP23573,抗氧化剂和纤维素聚合物。该组合物也可含有一种或多种其它的可药用赋形剂,如螯合剂、填充剂、粘合剂、表面活性剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、pH调节剂等。该组合物通过上述湿法制粒方法制备。
用于制备AP23573溶液且在制粒步骤中可能使用的合适的溶剂包括但不限于水和有机溶剂(如,甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮),每种溶剂单独使用或组合使用。优选该湿法制粒用醇溶剂体系进行,其中乙醇是当前最感兴趣的醇。含水乙醇是组合制粒溶剂体系的实例,其包括水和乙醇。
当前尤其感兴趣的是,所述组合物含有1-45%,2-35%。5-25%,或8-15%重量的AP23573;1-50%,1-35%,1-15%,或2-15%重量的纤维素聚合物,和0.01%-3%,0.05%-1%,或0.05%-0.5%重量的抗氧化剂。然而,不同的实施方案可含有更多或更少的这些组分。
可接受的抗氧化剂包括,但不限于,柠檬酸、d,1-α-生育酚、BHA、BHT、单硫代甘油、抗坏血酸和没食子酸丙酯。本发明制剂的抗氧化剂的使用量为相对于片剂重量的0.01%-3%wt/wt。
螯合剂,或其它能够结合金属离子的物质,如乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)及其盐,能够增强AP23573的稳定性,且可用作任选的赋形剂。
典型的纤维素聚合物包括,但不限于,羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素酞酸酯、甲基纤维素(MC)、羟乙基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素(HPC)。其它可药用的纤维素聚合物在本文不同地方提及,且许多其它纤维素聚合物是本领域公知的。
可药用赋形剂包括粘合剂、填充剂、崩解剂、pH调节剂、表面活性剂,和上述物质的任一组合。
可接受的pH调节剂包括,但不限于,柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、稀HCl,和其它弱酸或碱,所述pH调节剂能够用于缓冲含AP23573的溶液,使pH范围为约4至约6。如果pH调节剂存在于组合物中,pH调节剂通常的量为相对于片剂重量的至多1%重量。
表面活性剂可存在于制剂中,且包括聚山梨酯80、月桂基硫酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、胆汁酸的盐(牛磺胆酸盐,甘氨胆酸盐,胆酸盐,脱氧胆酸盐等),其可与卵磷脂组合。或者,乙氧基化的植物油,如聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(Cremophor EL)、维生素E生育酚丙二醇琥珀酸酯(维生素E TGPS)、聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物,和泊洛沙姆。如果组合物中存在表面活性剂,其量通常为相对于片剂重量的至多20%,例如1-15%重量。
粘合剂、填充剂和崩解剂,如蔗糖、乳糖、微晶纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、硬脂酸镁、阿拉伯胶、胆固醇、西黄蓍胶、硬脂酸、明胶、酪蛋白、卵磷脂(磷脂)、羧甲基纤维素钙、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素酞酸酯、非晶态纤维素、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、十八/十六醇(cetostearyl alcohol)、鲸蜡醇、十六烷基酯蜡(cetyl esterswax)、葡聚糖结合剂(dextrates)、糊精、环糊精、乳糖、右旋糖、单油酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、棕榈酰硬脂酸甘油酯、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚乙二醇、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油衍生物、聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯和聚乙烯醇等也可掺入到制剂中。
本发明得到的任一制剂可包含每类组分的多种成分。例如,包含抗氧化剂的制剂可包含一种或多种抗氧化剂作为抗氧化剂组分。
在一个示例性的实施方案中,湿法制粒方法包括下述步骤:混合、润湿、形成湿块、制粒、干燥和过筛。这些步骤在下面详述。
湿法制粒方法从制备包含AP23573和抗氧化剂的溶液开始。合适的溶剂包括水、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇等,其中乙醇尤其感兴趣。下一步为将该溶液加入至含″基质形成物质″和一种或多种任选的粒内赋形剂的混合物中,同时搅拌混合物成分,得到湿块。该步骤也称为使粉末粒内共混物形成湿块。合适的基质形成物质的实例包括纤维素聚合物,且也包含粘合剂和填充剂以促进终产物的溶出增强。典型的粒内赋形剂可包括粘合剂、填充剂、崩解剂和上述成分的任何组合。纤维素聚合物/粒内赋形剂混合物的实例包括但不限于,微晶纤维素、乳糖单水合物、交联羧甲基纤维素钠和羟丙基纤维素的组合。然后湿块在混合器中制粒,得到湿颗粒形式的各种成分的混合物。继续制粒(即混合/搅拌)直到得到均匀颗粒(即直到颗粒的粒径达到希望的均匀度)。所述混合器可为配有增强棒(intensifying bar)、低切应力制粒机或高切应力制粒机。然后干燥湿颗粒,如在流化床干燥器中,温度为45-55℃。然后可使用合适的研磨设备(如Fitz研磨器)研磨干燥的颗粒状物质。湿法制粒和干燥可以在流化床制粒机/干燥器中进行。湿颗粒可使用盘式干燥烘箱(traydrying oven)干燥。它们被干燥后,颗粒可进一步过筛,即干燥过筛,单独进行,或与一种或多种其它的赋形剂一起进行。而且,视需要,经干燥的颗粒可进一步在混合器(如V-blender)中与颗粒外填充剂和粘合剂,如微晶纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠和硬脂酸镁混合。这一般得到更均匀粒径的颗粒。然后将其压制成片剂。
在替代性的方法中,AP23573的溶液不含抗氧化剂。在该方法中,抗氧化剂而是存在于混合物的内容物中,该内容物也包括纤维素聚合物、粒内赋形剂等。
在其它实施方案中,抗氧化剂又存在于含纤维素聚合物和粒内赋形剂的混合物中,且将AP23573以固体形式加入,然后与粒内赋形剂混合。然后将溶剂加至混合物中,然后进行制粒步骤。其它的加入顺序在本发明种是可能的并且允许的。
口服片剂可进一步包含膜包衣以控制AP23573的释放。该片剂可使用不同包衣溶剂通过喷雾、浸渍或通过沉积而用膜包衣进行包衣。合适的包衣溶剂包括水、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇等。膜包衣包括聚合物膜形成物质,如共聚维酮(即,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物)、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素,和丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物。而且,除膜形成聚合物外,膜包衣可进一步含有增塑剂,如聚乙二醇、柠檬酸三乙酯,表面活性剂,如Tween.RTM型,消泡剂,如二甲基硅油,和任选的色素,如二氧化钛或氧化铁。膜包衣也可包含滑石作为抗粘剂。膜包衣通常少于剂型的约5%重量。
在一个优选实施方案中,膜包衣物质包含共聚维酮,其使得AP23573快速释放。
膜包衣也可为肠溶层,其包含肠溶聚合物以延迟AP23573的释放。肠溶层为在胃中的酸性介质不溶但在肠中所遇较高pH环境可溶的物质(即,聚合物)的包衣。该物质用作片剂的膜包衣,以改变药物的释放。合适的肠溶聚合物是本领域技术人员公知的(WO 01/051031),且包括,但不限于,甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合物、甲基丙烯酸共聚物、乙酸酞酸纤维素、聚乙酸乙烯酯酞酸酯、羟丙基甲基酞酸酯(hydroxypropyl methyl phthalate)和羟丙基甲基纤维素酞酸酯。肠溶衣也可进一步包含前述的增塑剂、表面活性剂、消泡剂和任选的色素。
在一个优选的实施方案中,肠溶层包含甲基丙烯酸共聚物,如EudragitL100、Acryl-EZE等。
下述内容提供了本发明制剂的代表性实施例。AP23573的制备描述于美国专利7,091,213中,将其在此引入作为参考。这些实施例仅是示例性的,且不用于限制本文所述的本发明的范围。这些实施例仅用于说明本发明的实施方法。
实施例
实施例1:醇法制粒(alcoholic granulation)
片芯
使用下述步骤用于制备含10mg的AP23573,含下述列举的成分的片剂。该片剂为6mm直径,白色至灰白色,圆形,双凸面,包衣片剂。片芯的组成如下表所示。在该实施例中,片芯为膜包衣且可以如此使用,或可以为肠溶衣包衣以延迟释放。
组分                    重量百分比
AP23573                 8.00%
丁羟甲苯                0.08%
羟丙基纤维素            8.00%
乳糖单水合物            50.57%
微晶纤维素              30.85%
交联羧甲基纤维素钠      2.00%
硬脂酸镁                0.50%
无水醇(乙醇)*           -
*加工时被移除
加工
将羟丙基纤维素、乳糖单水合物、微晶纤维素和一半的交联羧甲基纤维素钠在高切应力制粒机中混合。将AP23573和丁羟甲苯(BHT)溶于无水醇,USP中,混合不少于45分钟。将AP23573和BHT的溶液加入至制粒机中,并混合约3分钟以形成湿块。
将颗粒混合物在流化床干燥器(45-55℃)中干燥60-90分钟,然后使经干燥的颗粒物质通过配有0.045-英寸筛孔(screen opening)的研磨机以除去过大的物质。然后将经研磨的颗粒物质加入至V-混合器中,并与硬脂酸镁,NF和剩余的一半交联羧甲基纤维素钠,NF混合直到混合均匀。
使用具有6mm圆形凹面工具的压片机将颗粒物质压制成片剂。根据需要调节压力,使目标片重为125.0mg,硬度5.5kp,脆碎度不超过1%,且崩解时间小于10分钟。
膜包衣
根据下述方法使用下述组分制备膜包衣。
膜包衣           溶液的百分比
共聚维酮         20.00%
无水醇(乙醇)*    80.00%
*加工时被移除
将片剂加入至包衣锅中,并用共聚维酮的无水醇(USP)溶液包衣,保持产物温度为20-35℃,直到重量增加5%。然后将锅冷却,且将膜包衣的片剂进行干燥。膜包衣的片剂可以以本身封装,或可被肠溶包衣。
肠溶包衣
根据下述方法使用下述组分制备肠溶包衣。
膜包衣            混悬液的百分比
甲基丙烯酸共聚物  11.03%
柠檬酸三乙酯      2.16%
滑石              2.81%
无水醇(乙醇)*     84.00%
*加工时被移除
为了肠溶包衣,将片剂置于包衣锅中,并用甲基丙烯酸共聚物(NF)、柠檬酸三乙酯(NF)和滑石在无水醇(USP)中的混悬液包衣,保持产物温度为20-35℃,直到重量增加8%。然后将锅冷却,并将肠溶包衣片剂进行干燥。
实施例2:水法制粒(aqueous granulation)
片芯
使用下述步骤制备含有50mg的AP23573,含有下述成分的片剂。片芯的组成示于下表中。片芯为膜包衣且可以如此使用,或可为肠溶包衣。
组分              重量百分比
AP23573           25.00%
丁羟甲苯          0.20%
羟丙基纤维素      4.00%
乳糖单水合物      23.75%
微晶纤维素        43.55%
交联羧甲基纤维素钠3.00%
硬脂酸镁          0.50%
去离子水*         -
*加工时被移除
使丁羟甲苯(BHT)通过配有0.010筛的研磨机,并在高切应力制粒机中与羟丙基纤维素、一半微晶纤维素和1/3的交联羧甲基纤维素钠混合。然后将AP23573加入至制粒机中,并混合5分钟。然后开始制粒过程,同时经5分钟加入制粒流体(去离子水)。将AP23573、BHT和赋形剂混合约2分钟以形成湿块。
将颗粒物质在流化床干燥器(45-55℃)中干燥60-90分钟,之后使经干燥的颗粒物质通过配有0.065-英寸筛孔的研磨机以除去过大的物质。然后使经研磨的颗粒物质与硬脂酸镁、剩余的2/3交联羧甲基纤维素钠和剩余的一半微晶纤维素混合。
使用具有圆形凹面工具的压片机将颗粒物质压制成片剂。根据需要调节压力,使得目标片重为200.0mg,硬度为8.5kp,脆碎度不超过1%,且崩解时间小于10分钟。
膜包衣
根据下述方法使用下述组分制备膜包衣。
膜包衣           溶液的百分比
共聚维酮         7.00%
去离子水*        93.00%
*加工时被移除
将片剂加入至包衣锅中,并用共聚维酮在去离子水中的溶液包衣,保持产物温度27-31℃,直到重量增加2%。将锅冷却,且将膜包衣的片剂进行干燥。膜包衣的片剂可以以其本身封装,或可被肠溶包衣。
肠溶包衣
根据下述方法使用下述组分制备肠溶包衣。
膜包衣            混悬液的百分比
甲基丙烯酸共聚物  9.94%
二甲基硅油        0.06%
去离子水*         90.00%
*加工时被移除
为了肠溶包衣,将片剂置于包衣锅中。剧烈混合将二甲基硅油分散在去离子水中得到10%终包衣溶液。然后加入甲基丙烯酸共聚物,并与二甲基硅油/水混合物混合。温热包衣锅和片剂使产物温度为30-33℃。将包衣溶液喷雾至片剂上,直到重量增加10%。然后将锅冷却,并使肠溶包衣的片剂进行干燥。
本说明书中所引用的文献在此引入作为参考。对于上述详细描述和示例性实施例的方法和材料进行的较小的改变和更改对于本领域技术人员来说是明显的,且包含在本发明的范围内。

Claims (12)

1.固体药物组合物,其适于口服给药,该固体药物组合物包含:
·2-35%重量的AP23573,
·0.01-3%重量的抗氧化剂,和
·70-97%重量的载体物质,其包含至少一种纤维素聚合物,
任选含有一种或多种其它的可药用赋形剂。
2.权利要求1的固体组合物,其中所述载体物质包含微晶纤维素、羟丙基纤维素和乳糖单水合物。
3.权利要求1的固体组合物,其中所述抗氧化剂为丁羟甲苯。
4.权利要求1的固体组合物,其含有交联羧甲基纤维素钠和硬脂酸镁中的一种或两种作为任选的赋形剂。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项的固体组合物,其还包含可药用的膜包衣或肠溶包衣。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项的固体组合物,其含有10-40mg的AP23573。
7.一种制备权利要求1的固体药物组合物的方法,该方法包括:
(a)制备AP23573在选择的溶剂中的溶液;
(b)将该溶液与载体混合以形成湿块;
(c)制粒该湿块以得到湿颗粒;
(d)干燥该湿颗粒以得到经干燥的颗粒;
(e)压制所述经干燥的颗粒为片剂;以及
(f)任选用膜包衣聚合物包衣得到的片剂;
其中步骤(a)中的溶液还包含抗氧化剂,或步骤(b)中的载体先与抗氧化剂混合,然后再与AP23573溶液混合。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中一种或多种其它的赋形剂在步骤(b)中混合并掺入到湿块中。
9.权利要求7和8的方法,其中在步骤(d)的干燥之前或之后,将一种或多种其它的赋形剂加入到颗粒中。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中一种或多种其它的赋形剂包含交联羧甲基纤维素钠和硬脂酸镁中的一种或两种。
11.固体药物组合物,其通过权利要求7-10中任一项的方法制备。
12.权利要求11的固体药物组合物,其包含10-40mg的AP23573。
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