CN1015474B - 用于金属工件热处理的真空炉 - Google Patents
用于金属工件热处理的真空炉Info
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- CN1015474B CN1015474B CN88108739A CN88108739A CN1015474B CN 1015474 B CN1015474 B CN 1015474B CN 88108739 A CN88108739 A CN 88108739A CN 88108739 A CN88108739 A CN 88108739A CN 1015474 B CN1015474 B CN 1015474B
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cooling gas
- furnace charge
- insulation layer
- thermal insulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/16—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
- F27D7/04—Circulating atmospheres by mechanical means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B2005/062—Cooling elements
- F27B2005/064—Cooling elements disposed in the furnace, around the chamber, e.g. coils
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/14—Arrangements of heating devices
- F27B2005/143—Heating rods disposed in the chamber
- F27B2005/146—Heating rods disposed in the chamber the heating rods being in the tubes which conduct the heating gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/16—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
- F27B2005/161—Gas inflow or outflow
- F27B2005/164—Air supply through a set of tubes with openings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/16—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
- F27B2005/166—Means to circulate the atmosphere
- F27B2005/167—Means to circulate the atmosphere the atmosphere being recirculated through the treatment chamber by a turbine
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
- Thermally Insulated Containers For Foods (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
用于金属工件热处理的真空炉,包括压力炉罩,在炉罩内,炉料室外面围有热绝缘层,炉料室端面装有合适的壁,其中至少一个壁是可活动的,热绝缘层内侧有导电导热体围绕着炉料室,热绝缘层外面,配有马达的冷却气体配给装置装在炉罩内相对炉门的一侧,按本发明,导热体是管状的,朝着带有气孔的炉料室,并通过电绝缘块与冷却气体配给装置相连,冷却气体配给装置设置有鼓风机,在冷却气体配给装置区域内热绝缘层壁上开有一可关闭的开口。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于金属工件热处理的真空炉,该真空炉有一个圆柱形压力炉罩,其中有一个被轴向排列的热导体包围并装有热绝缘层的炉料室,以及一个气体冷却装置,依靠该装置使冷却气体可以经排气口,穿过炉料室,再经过热交换器。这种真空炉尤其适用于对各种钢号所制的所有类型的工具和零件进行淬火。在某些情况下,它们也可以用于其它的热处理,例如退火和焊接。
同类型的真空炉已在德国专利说明书2,839,807和2,844,843中做了描述。它们主要包括一个圆柱形压力炉罩,其中有一个由热绝缘壁封闭并由加热元件加热的炉料室和一个气体冷却装置。在炉料室内将工具和零件在真空下加热到奥氏体温度,为了淬火,在压力下将冷的惰性气体在炉中循环。在这种情况下冷却气体以高速流向热炉料,从炉料上吸收热能再经对其冷却的热交换器并被送回炉料室。按照德国专利说明书2,839,807所述,冷却气体是经排气口进入炉料室的,排气口是连接在分开的轴向排列的送气管上的。这种设计的缺点是炉子中送气管材料和制造的消耗高。送气管与排气口必须由耐高温材料构成。德国专利说明书2,844,843中使用的鼓风机有一个缺点,即冷却气体在很大程度上只是沿着热炉料表面流动而不能透到炉料的内部。
从德国公开说明书1,919,493中可知,为了在室温至大约750℃之间的温度范围内加快对炉料的加热,依靠鼓风机使炉中的惰性气体循环,这样除辐射之外还产生对流。然而,即使在这种情况之下,热导体与炉料之间的热交换也不是最佳的。
因此本发明的目的是设计一种用于金属工件热处理的真空炉,该真空炉有一个圆柱形压力炉罩,其中有一个被轴向排列的热导体包围并装有热绝缘层的炉料室和一个气体冷却装置,依靠它使冷却气体可以经排气口,穿过炉料室,再经过热交换器。这种真空炉能确保尽可能迅速和均匀地冷却热的炉料,它具有最简单的结构并能尽可能快的加热。
按照本发明,这一目的这样可以达到:将热导体设计成管子并使气孔朝向炉料室并用电绝缘块连接到冷却气体配给装置上。
冷却气体配给装置最好装一台鼓风机,它迫使冷却气体穿过加热管并从炉料室中再将其抽出。
此外,如果在冷却气体配给装置区域内给热绝缘层的壁上开一个可封闭的开口,会有更多的优点。结果,加热气流在穿过热交换器去加热炉料期间,可保持在炉子内部。
对于昂贵的冷却气体来说,给炉子装一个冷却气体循环系统同样是很有利的。
图1和图2图示了本发明真空炉典型实例的纵剖面图,图1模拟炉子直到大约750℃的加热态,图2模拟冷却态。
该炉子包括一个圆柱形压力炉罩(1),炉罩的一个端面为炉门(2),通过炉门可给炉子装料与出料。炉料室(3)由圆柱管形式的热绝缘层(4)围在外面,它由热绝缘材料组成,并且在端面装有合适的壁,其中至少有一个壁(5)是活动的。热绝缘层(4)屏蔽炉料室(3)防止热量向外辐射,这样只损失很少的能量。在热绝缘层(4)的内侧,设计成加热管并且气孔(7)朝向炉料室(3)的导电导热体(6)都围绕炉料室(3)呈轴向排列。这些加热管(6)壁厚比如1至3毫
米,内径比如40至150毫米。气孔(7)的直径是这样选定的,即一根加热管上气孔面积的总和与管子内孔横截面积相当。用电绝缘块(8)将加热管(6)固定在冷却气体配给装置(9)上,该冷却气体配给装置在压力炉罩中与炉门(2)对应的一面装有驱动马达(10)和鼓风机(11)。靠近冷却气体配给装置(9)的热绝缘层(4)的壁上开一个靠滑块(13)可以封闭与开启的开口(12)。在压力炉罩(1)与热绝缘层(4)之间装有水冷却热交换管(14)。
当炉料室(3)加料(比如工具)之后,用惰性气体充满炉料室并加热。滑块(13)打开热绝缘层中的开口(12)(图1),这样惰性气体在鼓风机(11)的驱动下进入加热管(6)并由此通过分布在整个加热管上的气孔(7)进入炉料室(3),再通过热绝缘层中的开口(12)返回鼓风机(11)。当惰性气体经过加热管(6)被送入后,它急速地接受后者的温度,这对于在暗辐射范围内靠热气体对炉料快速并均匀的加热是很重要的。对着炉料的直射热气流具有使炉料(包括其内部)受到均匀加热的效果。这种在保护气体下的加热操作直到大约750℃均可采用。在必须加热直到大约1300℃的硬化处理情况下,那末要从炉内清除惰性气体,进一步加热只靠热辐射来完成,在此温度范围内这是很有效的。
为了对加热的炉料淬火,将开口(12)关闭,在压力下使炉子充满冷的惰性气体。在此过程中,将热绝缘层(4)的壁(5)搬离圆柱形管,因此产生一个间隙,使炉料室(3)与压力罩(1)和热绝缘层(4)之间的空间连通起来(图2)。冷却气体被鼓风机(11)驱动经过冷的加热管(6)以高速进入炉料室(3),由此再经热交换管(14)返回到冷却气体配给装置(9)而完成循环。用合适的高气压和高气流速度的惰性气体,用本发明真空炉所达到的淬火强度可与油浴淬火相比。结果是与前述不同的钢号也可以用气冷淬火和硬化。
同时作为送气管的加热管(6)最好含有碳纤维-增强碳。决定产生热量的加热管的导电横截面与决定气流量的加热管内径必须相匹配。加热元件与送气管的合并给制造这种炉子的技术带来显著的简化。
如果使用昂贵的惰性气体淬火,使其循环是很有利的。为此目的,因淬火操作完成之后用压气机将冷却气体从炉子内部抽出并送入高压储存器中,以便进一步使用。
Claims (1)
1、用于金属工件热处理的真空炉,包括一个圆柱形压力炉罩(1),其一个端面设有炉门(2),通过炉门可给炉子装料与出料,在压力炉罩(1)内,炉料室(3)由圆柱管形的热绝缘层(4)围在外面,它由绝缘材料组成,并且在端面装有合适的壁,其中至少一个壁(5)是活动的,在热绝缘层(4)的内侧,导电导热体(6)呈轴向排列围绕着炉料室(3),在热绝缘层(4)的外面,配有驱动马达(10)的冷却气体配给装置(9)装在炉罩(1)内的相对炉门(2)的一侧,冷却气体配给装置(9)通过穿过炉料室的喷嘴及一热交换器,传送冷却气体,而在压力炉罩(1)和热绝缘层(4)之间装有水冷热交换器管(14),其特征在于所述导热体(6)设计成管状的,它们朝着带有气孔(7)的炉料室(3),并通过电绝缘块(8)与冷却气体配给装置(9)相连,并且冷却气体配给装置(9)设置有鼓风机(11),而在冷却气体配给装置(9)的区域内,热绝缘层(4)的壁开有一可关闭的开口(12)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE37.36502.9 | 1987-10-28 | ||
DE3736502A DE3736502C1 (de) | 1987-10-28 | 1987-10-28 | Vakuumofen zur Waermebehandlung metallischer Werkstuecke |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1033840A CN1033840A (zh) | 1989-07-12 |
CN1015474B true CN1015474B (zh) | 1992-02-12 |
Family
ID=6339264
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN88108739A Expired CN1015474B (zh) | 1987-10-28 | 1988-10-26 | 用于金属工件热处理的真空炉 |
Country Status (24)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US4869470A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0313889B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH01142018A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1015474B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE65800T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU601084B2 (zh) |
BG (1) | BG49829A3 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8805558A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1313043C (zh) |
CS (1) | CS276378B6 (zh) |
DD (1) | DD283455A5 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE3736502C1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK164747C (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2023994B3 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI85386C (zh) |
HU (1) | HU199903B (zh) |
IL (1) | IL87761A (zh) |
IN (1) | IN170643B (zh) |
NO (1) | NO169783C (zh) |
PL (1) | PL156379B1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT88895B (zh) |
SU (1) | SU1813194A3 (zh) |
YU (1) | YU46575B (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA886832B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3735186C1 (de) * | 1987-10-17 | 1988-09-15 | Ulrich Wingens | Vakuum-Kammerofen |
DE3736501C1 (de) * | 1987-10-28 | 1988-06-09 | Degussa | Verfahren zur Waermebehandlung metallischer Werkstuecke |
DE3818471A1 (de) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-12-21 | Ipsen Ind Int Gmbh | Ofen zur waermebehandlung von eisen- und stahlteilen |
DE3910234C1 (zh) * | 1989-03-30 | 1990-04-12 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
DE3933423C2 (de) * | 1989-10-06 | 1994-12-22 | Nokia Deutschland Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung, insbesondere für LCD-Substratplatten |
JP2656839B2 (ja) * | 1989-12-15 | 1997-09-24 | 神鋼コベルコツール株式会社 | 真空熱処理炉 |
DE4034085C1 (zh) * | 1990-10-26 | 1991-11-14 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
JPH0569595U (ja) * | 1992-02-27 | 1993-09-21 | 中外炉工業株式会社 | 炉冷促進機能を有する真空熱処理炉 |
PL170386B1 (pl) * | 1993-01-14 | 1996-12-31 | Seco Warwick Sp Z Oo | Piec prózniowy do obróbki cieplnej PL |
DE19501873C2 (de) * | 1995-01-23 | 1997-07-03 | Ald Vacuum Techn Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen von Werkstücken, insbesondere zum Härten |
SE504320C2 (sv) * | 1995-06-22 | 1997-01-13 | Aga Ab | Förfarande och anläggning för behandling av komponenter med en gasblandning |
TW366409B (en) * | 1997-07-01 | 1999-08-11 | Exxon Production Research Co | Process for liquefying a natural gas stream containing at least one freezable component |
KR100307996B1 (ko) * | 1999-06-25 | 2001-09-24 | 이용익 | 열처리 진공 로 |
DE10117987A1 (de) * | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-31 | Ald Vacuum Techn Ag | Chargiergestell für die Wärme- und/oder Kühlbehandlung von zu härtenden Metallteilen |
KR100495267B1 (ko) * | 2002-10-29 | 2005-06-16 | 주식회사제4기한국 | 자동 진공 금형 열처리 장치 |
JP4280981B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-27 | 2009-06-17 | 株式会社Ihi | 真空熱処理炉の冷却ガス風路切替え装置 |
PL202005B1 (pl) * | 2004-11-19 | 2009-05-29 | Politechnika & Lstrok Odzka In | Urządzenie do hartowania z zamkniętym obiegiem wodoru |
CN101804489B (zh) * | 2010-04-23 | 2011-10-05 | 山东高唐杰盛半导体科技有限公司 | 直热式真空焊接炉 |
JP5496828B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-27 | 2014-05-21 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 熱処理装置 |
KR101439380B1 (ko) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-09-11 | 주식회사 사파이어테크놀로지 | 사파이어 단결정 열처리 방법 및 장치 |
CN104180668A (zh) * | 2013-05-23 | 2014-12-03 | 上海颐柏热处理设备有限公司 | 一种箱式热处理炉加热室快速降温的装置 |
CN105296899B (zh) * | 2015-10-26 | 2017-08-04 | 陈芬芬 | 一种铝合金工件热处理炉内的导流装置 |
CN106148883A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-11-23 | 潍坊丰东热处理有限公司 | 一种井式氮化炉内冷却系统 |
CA3008497A1 (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-06-07 | Yue Zhang | Hot-air oxygen-free brazing system |
CN108213639A (zh) * | 2016-12-12 | 2018-06-29 | 张跃 | 一种钎焊炉保温循环系统 |
CN107164627B (zh) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-16 | 燕山大学 | 一种铝合金管循环退火处理设备炉 |
DE102017128076A1 (de) | 2017-11-28 | 2019-05-29 | Gautschi Engineering Gmbh | Chargenofen für Glühgut und Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung eines Ofengutes |
RU2705186C1 (ru) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-11-05 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Катод" | Способ охлаждения заготовки в вакуумной камере нагрева вакуумной печи и вакуумная печь |
DE102019204869A1 (de) * | 2019-04-05 | 2020-10-08 | Audi Ag | Abschreckvorrichtung zur chargenweisen Abschreckkühlung von Metallbauteilen |
KR102014809B1 (ko) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-08-27 | 이준연 | 불활성 가스를 이용한 열처리로 |
CN111153406B (zh) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-06-04 | 山东天岳先进科技股份有限公司 | 一种用于制备碳化硅粉料的合成炉和合成方法 |
CN113847805B (zh) * | 2021-09-28 | 2023-07-21 | 山东交通学院 | 一种超高温烧结炉 |
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US1617056A (en) * | 1926-04-10 | 1927-02-08 | Charles F Kenworthy Inc | Furnace |
DE1259919B (de) * | 1964-06-12 | 1968-02-01 | Harold Norregard Ipsen | Ofen zur Waermebehandlung von Werkstuecken aus Metall |
DE1919493C3 (de) * | 1969-04-17 | 1980-05-08 | Ipsen Industries International Gmbh, 4190 Kleve | Atmosphären-Vakuumofen |
US4113977A (en) * | 1977-08-19 | 1978-09-12 | Brown Boveri Corporation | Preheating system with gas recirculation |
DE2839807C2 (de) * | 1978-09-13 | 1986-04-17 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Vakuumofen mit Gaskühleinrichtung |
DE2844843C2 (de) * | 1978-10-14 | 1985-09-12 | Ipsen Industries International Gmbh, 4190 Kleve | Industrieofen zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke |
US4235592A (en) * | 1979-08-29 | 1980-11-25 | Autoclave Engineers, Inc. | Autoclave furnace with mechanical circulation |
DE3416902A1 (de) * | 1984-05-08 | 1985-11-14 | Schmetz Industrieofenbau und Vakuum-Hartlöttechnik KG, 5750 Menden | Verfahren und vakuumofen zur waermebehandlung einer charge |
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1987
- 1987-10-28 DE DE3736502A patent/DE3736502C1/de not_active Expired
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1988
- 1988-09-12 IN IN764/CAL/88A patent/IN170643B/en unknown
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- 1988-09-30 FI FI884514A patent/FI85386C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-10-04 NO NO884390A patent/NO169783C/no unknown
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- 1988-10-05 ES ES88116478T patent/ES2023994B3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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