CN101522398A - 连接层压材料的无缝接缝系统 - Google Patents

连接层压材料的无缝接缝系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101522398A
CN101522398A CNA2007800374309A CN200780037430A CN101522398A CN 101522398 A CN101522398 A CN 101522398A CN A2007800374309 A CNA2007800374309 A CN A2007800374309A CN 200780037430 A CN200780037430 A CN 200780037430A CN 101522398 A CN101522398 A CN 101522398A
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China
Prior art keywords
seam
plate
stitchless seam
stitchless
discontinuous
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CNA2007800374309A
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CN101522398B (zh
Inventor
G·E·汉农
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WL Gore and Associates Inc
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Gore Enterprise Holdings Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D27/00—Details of garments or of their making
    • A41D27/24—Hems; Seams
    • A41D27/245—Hems; Seams made by welding or gluing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D27/00—Details of garments or of their making
    • A41D27/24—Hems; Seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/083—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil
    • B29C65/085—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil using a rotary sonotrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/083—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil
    • B29C65/086—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil using a rotary anvil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5021—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5028—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being textile in woven or non-woven form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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    • B29C65/5042—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7435—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc the tool being a roller
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7443—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc by means of ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/038—Covering the joint by a coating material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
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    • B29C66/0384—Covering the joint by a coating material the coating material being in tape, strip or band form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
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    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/22—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/23—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations
    • B29C66/232—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations said joint lines being multiple and parallel, i.e. the joint being formed by several parallel joint lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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Abstract

提供了具有功能层的第一板(4)和具有功能层的第二板(4)之间的无缝接缝。该接缝系统由将第一板连接于第二板的不连续熔合无缝接缝(6)形成。可采用加固件(5)来加强将第一板连接于第二板的不连续熔合无缝接缝，从而形成液体无法透过的无缝接缝系统。还提供了形成该系统的方法。

Description

连接层压材料的无缝接缝系统
发明背景
本发明涉及层压材料之间的无缝接缝(stitchless seam)系统，该系统使得相邻的层压材料板之间形成一定宽度的功能性防液无缝接缝。所述无缝接缝系统可用于制造高性能防水衣服和鞋。尽管传统的熔合接缝也可用于防液服装，但这种接缝过于僵硬。此外，连续弯曲无缝接缝会导致服装的使用寿命缩短。本发明的无缝接缝使得形成的接缝尺寸非常小，能提供柔性并保持接缝的完整性，从而防止破裂。使用涂布的织物复合材料或由织物和液体保护屏蔽膜层构成的层压材料来制造防液保护衣和保护鞋是工业上已知的。这些应用中最常见的是防水透气衣。典型的例子是由WLGA公司(W.L.Gore and Associates，Inc.)以注册商标GORE-TEX出售的层压材料，其包含层压到或结合到一个或多个织物层上的防水性透气膜。这些层压材料被制造在衣服和鞋子当中并以GORE-
Figure A200780037430D0006101721QIETU
服装等出售。涂布织物也可用于织物复合材料，以提供这些相同的目的。
这些层压材料的各个片或板连接在一起，形成服装和其他类似织物结构。对于鞋类而言，层压材料的各个片或板通常连接在一起形成毛线鞋，它然后再作为衬里整合在鞋壳内并与鞋底结合。对于防液并具有保护性的服装和鞋类而言，层压材料板连接在一起的接缝需要被密封。这些层压材料板的连接通常是首先通过用常规缝纫技术将层压材料缝合在一起，然后通过施加具有热塑性热熔性粘合剂的接缝密封带完成这些缝纫接缝的防液密封，所述密封带封贴于涂层或保护性屏蔽膜表面并形成覆盖缝纫孔和覆盖缝线之间各层连接区域的密封。所述接缝密封带可被加热，例如采用喷嘴直接喷射热空气流以熔融粘合剂。然后在接缝上施加密封带，并使两者通过一对压紧辊的夹钳以便将熔融的粘合剂挤压到保护层表面，从而确保密封带与表面的良好结合。出于美观原因，所述接缝密封带通常施加于服装内表面以免被看到。如果是覆盖脚的毛线鞋，接缝密封带通常施加于毛线鞋外表面并位于衬里材料和鞋壳之间，这样可以不被看到。不太常见的密封技术如胶粘和熔融也是本领域已知的。
现有技术中已经披露了不同的熔合接缝，但均未涉及本发明。美国专利6,797,088披露了一种连接多片织物的方法。在该方法中，形成了切割边并在各片织物切割边上用线连接。然后以重叠方式将织物片相互叠放，并在超声焊极和铁砧之间将各片压在一起。至少一个超声焊极或铁砧具有有很多凸起的表面特征。织物片通过超声焊极的超声振动结合在一起。超声焊极和/或铁砧上凸起的图案导致织物片只在特定点熔合或塑化，而其他点上的织物不受影响。因此产生了不连续超声熔合的接缝。
美国专利6,103,325披露了一种超声形成的接缝，其一侧为仅由聚酯织物构成的层压材料层，该层的另一侧为聚氨酯涂层。为形成接缝，使聚氨酯涂布的织物侧相互接触并施加超声能量，以使织物熔合在一起，形成单一的整体防液接缝；
公布号为WO2005/000055的文件披露了一种两片层压材料边缘之间的熔合接缝，其中各织物层由熔融温度不同的两种组件构成。接缝由各层压材料织物层的熔融的第二组件和未熔融的第一组件形成。缝合起来的层压材料的边缘以边-边相接的方式定位。
公布号为US2003/0135185的文件披露了非粘合吸附的服装，其各个组件通过一种或多种非粘合连接结合在一起。在一个实施方式中，所述非粘合连接是利用超声形成的。
服装和鞋类工业需要一种可靠且有效地将两块或多块复合材料板或多层织物层压材料结构连接起来，以在衣服和保护性鞋类中形成柔性防液接缝的技术。该工业中还需要具有柔性、耐久性、强度和抗裂性的防液熔合接缝。本发明解决了该工业中的这种需求。
定义
＂板＂是具有至少一个屏蔽层和至少一个额外层如织物层、无纺层或其他合适基底层的层压材料。
板还可包括涂布的织物、保护层、屏蔽部件、膜或薄膜。
＂保护层＂、＂屏蔽层＂、＂功能层＂或＂薄膜＂定义为至少能阻挡液态水透过，且较理想的是能阻挡一系列液态化学试剂透过的薄膜或涂层。如果所述层能在至少0.07巴的压力下，在至少3分钟内防止液态水透过，则被认为是防液的。保护层材料宜确保水透过压大于0.07巴。水透过压是基于本文在描述Suter防液接缝检验法(Suter Test for Liquid-proof Seams)时所述的相同条件在防液板上测量的。
＂接缝＂定义为通过缝纫、胶粘、熔合或其他机械连接将两个或多个板永久连接的区域。
＂防液接缝＂是当在压力至少为0.07巴下用测试液攻击时至少在3分钟内液体不会渗漏或滴落的无缝接缝。所述测试液至少是水，理想的是各种液态化学制剂。
＂服装＂定义为衣服，包括由连接的层压材料板形成的外套、夹克、衬衫、裤子、套装、手套、帽子或其他结构。
＂鞋类＂定义为足部覆盖物，如鞋子、靴子、袜子等，其包括一层或多层具有保护层的层压材料板，所述层压材料板通过至少一种持久防液接缝连接在一起。所述层压材料板可形成作为鞋类衬里的毛线鞋，或者当附于或具有其他鞋类组件时，所述连接的层压材料板可同时包括鞋类的衬里和表层。
＂不连续接缝＂定义为有中断区域的接缝；或者是至少一条连续熔合无缝接缝(fused stitchless seam)，其上具有离切割边距离不同的位点。
＂加固件＂定义为适合增加将第一板连接于第二板的接缝的强度的任何材料。加固件可提供液体无法透过的接缝。加固件横贯不连续熔合接缝并将第一板连接于第二板。
＂接缝宽度＂定义为板的切割边与距离切割边最远的接缝部分的距离。
发明概述
本发明提供了一种位于至少两片板之间的防液无缝接缝系统。该系统包含具有功能性防液层的第一板；具有功能性防液层的第二板；和将第一板连接于第二板的不连续接缝。可加入能强化将第一板连接于第二板的不连续接缝的加固件，从而提供液体无法透过的接缝。
本发明还提供了一种位于两板之间的防液无缝接缝，其包含通过第一不连续接缝相连的具有功能性防液层的第一板和具有功能性防液层的第二板。第一不连续接缝将第一板连接于第二板；并可加入能强化将第一板连接于第二板的不连续接缝的第二接缝，从而提供液体无法透过的接缝。
还提供了一种通过将诸片防液层压材料连接在一起而形成熔合的防液无缝接缝的方法。其通过以下步骤实现：以叠加关系将至少两片各自具有至少一织物层和一防液功能层的防液层压材料放在一起，使它们的织物区相互接触，以形成限定无缝接缝线的位置的接缝宽度区域。然后沿所述接缝宽度给叠加的层压材料施加热和压力，所述热是连续施加的，所述压力以最接近形成连续无缝接缝的无缝接缝线边缘的恒定间隔施加，并彼此隔开一定间隔，与连续无缝接缝并置，以形成不连续无缝接缝，从而沿接缝区形成多个接缝。所述连续无缝接缝可以是切割焊缝(cut weld seam)。可加入加固件来强化两板之间的结合。
附图简述
图1A-1F是通过不连续熔合接缝连接的两片板的示意图。
图2显示了三层层压材料在熔合、缝纫或密封之前的横截面图。
图3显示了通过压花肋形成的不连续熔合的接缝构造结合的两片三层层压材料板的横截面图。
图4显示了具有横跨接缝并粘于切割端和板内侧的加固件的三层层压材料板之间不连续接缝构造的另一个实施方式的横截面图。
图5显示了两层层压材料板的横截面图，其中复合材料织物结构已经熔合形成不连续无缝接缝区。
图6显示了用于连接两个层压材料板的不连续无缝接缝的顶视图；在该视图中，切割边被压到一侧上。
图7显示了超声焊机和相互叠加的两个板的侧视图。
图8显示了超声熔合轮(ultrasonic fusing wheel)和切割肋的横截面图。
图9-14显示了构想的各种不连续接缝图案。
发明详述
本发明提供了一种由熔合的服装板如防液层压材料形成的无缝接缝系统1，其具有靠近不连续无缝接缝的连续无缝接缝。在本发明的优选实施方式中，无缝接缝系统1包括两个或多个超声熔合的层压材料板，以靠近一条或多条不连续无缝接缝形成至少一条连续无缝接缝。本发明的无缝接缝系统1非常适合在功能性防液的两板之间形成。
图1A-1F显示了本发明最简单的实施方式，如通过显示为将第一板5连接于第二板7的不连续接缝6在至少两个板之间形成的无缝接缝系统1。所述板包括外侧8、内侧10和切割边。所述板通过不连续接缝6以叠加关系连接。切割边12也可以具有在板周边形成的切割焊缝14。所述切割焊缝14可通过切割轮或超声熔合形成。切割边与不连续接缝6最远部分之间的距离被称为接缝宽度15。术语不连续接缝6指结合边平行于并最远离板切割边的不连续无缝接缝。合适的熔合类型包括超声、射频(RF)、热、粘合、局部热结合。第二接缝可与不连续接缝6一起使用，以形成本发明的无缝接缝系统1。如图1B、1C、1E和4所示，无缝接缝系统1还可包括加固件5，以增加耐久性和/或强度。
注意，不连续无缝接缝系统1(图1A-1E和3-6)可包含有中断区域的熔合无缝接缝；或者至少一条连续熔合无缝接缝，其上具有离切割边距离不同的位点，如图1F所示。一条或多条基本平行于切割边定位在接缝区内的接缝构成接缝宽度15。根据接缝宽度和多个接缝之间的距离，接缝系统的宽度是可变的。图2显示了用于本发明的包含多层层压材料的板4。该多层层压材料包含外侧8、内侧10和功能层9。所述功能层9可以是包含聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、膨胀的PTFE、聚氨酯或其他合适基材的膜、薄膜、层压材料。功能层可为板提供当在至少0.07巴压力下用测试液攻击时，在至少3分钟内不会泄漏或渗漏的功能性防液薄膜或膜。构成层压材料的各个层可通过粘合剂13或其他连接方式结合。
在如图1B和1C所示的一个实施方式中，加固件5可与不连续接缝一起使用，以增强连接第一板5与第二板7的无缝接缝系统1的强度，提供液体无法透过的接缝。加固件5可以是任何合适材料，包括：织物带，防水带、线或防水织物层压材料，线，带子，KevlarTM，聚酯，尼龙，无弹性基材，接缝带，织物层压材料，密封聚合物，或作为一个整体能为遭受压力或磨损的接缝系统提供加固件5的其他材料。加固件5横贯不连续熔合接缝，并进一步将第一板5连接到第二板7。需要足以抵抗应变并允许最大弹性的薄加固件5。加固件5可提供屏蔽特性。加固件5可合并作为接缝带的一部分。在这种情况下，加固件5无需和接缝带一样宽，以使带边薄于靠近加固件5的带子。预计可用不连续接缝6来连接密封聚合物，以提供屏蔽特性。还预计一条或多条额外的熔合接缝可加入无缝接缝区宽度。所述一条或多条额外的熔合接缝可以是连续的、不连续的、或这两种类型熔合接缝的组合。优选所述额外的接缝是热焊接的。加固件5可以是包含顶层、粘合层和加固件5的多层无缝接缝带。加固件5可以是施加到熔合接缝后用来提高接缝强度的独立层。加固件5可提高接缝的防液性和/或提高接缝强度。优选将加固件5施加到物品中防液板的内侧。在本发明的一个实施方式中，加固件5的形式是接缝带，如图1B、1C和1E所示。接缝带可固定在接缝本身的任一侧上。出于美观考虑，接缝带通常施加于服装内侧，从而不会被看到。因此，接缝带优选固定在服装或配件的衬里侧。接缝带可以是可熔合的粘合带、可熔合的织物带、或者可熔合的层压材料带。可熔合的带子的一个例子是包含至少一种在80-230℃温度范围内可熔融的热塑性组分的可焊接带子。在另一个实施方式中，接缝带可以是当加热时软化并流动的热塑性薄膜。更通常，接缝带包含一侧覆盖有热熔性粘合剂的背衬带。
在一个实施方式中，在制得本发明的不连续接缝6之后，加热接缝带(加固件5)，例如采用一股热空气加热，以熔融粘合剂。然后将加固件5施加于接缝，并使两者同时通过一对压紧辊的夹钳，以便将熔融的粘合剂挤压到板4上，从而确保加固件5与下板4的良好结合。不连续接缝6和板上的接缝带继续通过一段距离并连接在一起。可采用任何宽度的加固件5，如接缝带。然而，由于熔合的不连续接缝6本身很薄且没有实质性接缝余量，因此本发明还允许使用非常薄、窄的接缝带。优选接缝带的宽度不超过15mm。防液接缝的优点是能连续地将接缝带结合到两板以及接缝宽度和接缝的切割焊缝区域，如图4所示。
在另一方面，无缝接缝系统1还可包含将第一板5的指定的切割边12以相互叠加关系连接到第二板7的切割边12的连续结合部，从而使板的外侧8相互结合，见图1A。可通过声波熔合叠珠焊缝将织物板的边缘熔合在一起。如图7所示，可由具有整体压花熔合和切割功能的模头形成声波熔合。声波熔合叠珠焊缝可以这样形成，即声波焊机16将高频波传递通过板，从而将它们结合在一起。不连续接缝6可以这样形成，也就是将两块板叠放，使朝外的织物相互接触。通过在旋转铁砧17和超声焊极18之间移动叠放的板，沿叠放的层压材料板的一条边形成熔合无缝接缝。随着各层的移动，铁砧同时切割并将板的边缘熔合在一起。在优选实施方式中，铁砧和超声焊极的速度设定是相同的。
声波使板振动，通过一块板相对于另一块板的摩擦产生热量。所述声波熔合过程基本上能使织物的边缘熔融或熔合在一起。焊机头或者铁砧17上可包括压花肋21和切割肋，压花肋在超声熔合轮20上，超声熔合轮上的轮廓决定了制得的声波熔合叠珠焊缝的宽度；切割肋足够锋利，以便在通过声波熔合形成接缝的同时修剪去不连续接缝6废弃侧的织物板的多余部分。切割肋23在使板熔融并切割板时，可形成不连续或连续熔合的结合部。当在接缝区内同时形成连续和不连续结合部时，连续结合部平行于并非常接近于不连续结合是有利的，这样可提供宽度较窄的无缝接缝区。不连续结合部可形成不同图案，包括交叉线图案、虚线图案、正弦图案、或者其他的合适图案或无缝接缝边缘设计。图9-14显示了经压花肋21形成的不连续接缝的一些例子。由图可见，根据所需应用，压花设计可具有不同长度、宽度和图案。
在本发明的一个方面，提供了液体无法透过的无缝接缝系统1，该系统包含：具有外侧8、内侧10和指定的无缝切割边12的带有防液功能层9的第一板5；具有外侧8、内侧和指定的无缝接缝边缘的带有防液功能层9的第二板7；以及以相互叠加关系将第一板5的指定的无缝接缝边缘连接到第二板7的指定的无缝接缝边缘的不连续结合部，从而使板的外侧8彼此结合，结合区域距离板的无缝接缝边缘最远，在由相连接板外侧8形成的平面上形成不连续结合点。
图8显示了用于通过超声结合形成不连续接缝6的熔合轮20的横截面视图。熔合轮20包含至少一个固定在轮上的圆周不连续压花肋21，所述轮通常绕轴25旋转。压花肋21能在其与板的接触点上使板结合在一起而不刺穿板4。超声熔合轮还可包括圆周切割肋23，如图8所示。优选圆周切割肋23距离不连续压花肋至少0.1mm固定。圆周切割肋23相比于不连续压花肋21，从轮上进一步向外突出。余量的无缝接缝可在施加一条或多条熔合切割接缝的同时通过切割肋23切除，或通过单独的步骤切除。
圆周切割肋和不连续压花肋优选相互平行。然而，预计在一些设计中，不连续压花肋和切割肋也可以不相互平行。例如，在切割板的指定无缝接缝边缘的同时，施加将第一板5连接于第二板7的不连续接缝6。
本发明的无缝接缝系统1的新颖之处在于，无缝接缝的破裂强度大于200N。此外，研究表明，本发明的无缝接缝系统1能够经受连续洗涤和干燥循环至少24小时而不会出现板边分离。
提供了一种形成防水无缝接缝系统1的方法。所述接缝系统是通过将两片防水层压材料连接在一起形成的，将至少两片各自具有至少一织物层和一防液功能层9的防水层压材料沿限定接缝区的条带以织物区相互接触的叠加关系放置。沿所述条带对叠加的层压材料施加热和压力，所述热是连续施加的，所述压力以最接近形成连续接缝的无缝接缝线边缘的恒定间隔施加。施加热和压力时彼此隔开一定间隔与连续接缝并置，或者以连续方式施加以形成不连续无缝接缝，从而沿所述条带形成多个接缝。如图1A-1F所示，多个接缝在横跨被称为接缝区的区域内形成一定宽度并沿板的纵向延伸。
利用轮在层叠的板上形成通道，以产生单个连续熔合的切割焊缝以及不连续的熔合线，前者沿板的切割边形成连续接缝，后者在靠近并平行于切割边熔合的地方产生不连续接缝6。
可施加加固件5以增强不连续接缝6。例如，加固件5如具有热熔性聚氨酯粘合剂的接缝带可被施加于密封区域，将无缝接缝带加热至足以熔化聚氨酯粘合剂的温度并使带子和无缝接缝通过压紧辊，以便将熔融的粘合剂挤到保护层表面，从而确保带子与表面的良好结合。无缝接缝区可通过一种或多种加固件来强化，包括但不限于：带子、线和织物层压材料。可进行额外的冷却和骤冷步骤，以提供光滑的接缝。将加固接缝带施加于不连续接缝和切割焊缝，然后冷却加热的加固带，在这同时施压以提供更为光滑的接缝。
尽管文中已经例举并描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明不应局限于这些例举和描述的实施方式。各种变化和改进形式显然应作为本发明的一部分，包含和体现在以下权利要求限定的范围内。提供以下实施例是出于说明的目的而并非要限制本发明的范围。
实施例1-熔合切割/带-ST78AU/Tricot
通过以下方式在两层层压材料板之间形成防液无缝接缝。
形成在两个织物层之间包含复合屏蔽膜的三层织物层压材料。所述复合屏蔽膜是涂有聚氨酯的复合微孔聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)膜，其按照美国专利4,194,041所述方法采用水蒸气可透过的无孔聚氨酯涂布ePTFE制得。用多点可湿固化聚氨酯粘合剂在该膜的一侧层压上厚约0.4mm、重量约为97g/m2的聚酯/斯潘德克斯(Spandex)弹性纤维纺织织物层。再用多点可湿固化聚氨酯粘合剂在该膜的另一侧层压上厚约0.6mm、重量约为38g/m2的尼龙针织织物。然后从该三层织物层压材料上切下两块大致尺寸约为0.15m×0.7m的板。
将这两块板以相互叠加的方式在桌上放平，使尼龙/斯潘德克斯弹性纤维织物相互接触。使层放的板在铁砧和超声焊极之间移动，从而沿层放的层压材料板的一条边形成熔合无缝接缝。随着各层的移动，铁砧同时进行切割并将织物的边缘熔合在一起，以形成通常称作的对接焊缝。这种焊缝是用购自宾西法尼亚州西切斯特SU公司(Sonobond Ultrasonics，West Chester，PA)的装备有R1027铁砧的Lacemaster/Seammaster超声缝纫机完成的。该机器在以下条件下运行：速度＝2，幅度＝10，空气压力设置为60psi。铁砧和超声焊极的速度设定保持相同。制造无缝接缝时，使层放的板在轮的右侧移动，以制造单条连续熔合线。
然后在密封区域施加一条13mm宽的带有热熔性聚氨酯粘合剂的无缝接缝带(GORE SEAM无缝接缝带，获自马里兰州艾科顿市戈尔公司(W.L.Goreand Associates，Elkton，MD))，将无缝接缝带加热至足以熔化聚氨酯粘合剂的温度，并使带子和无缝接缝通过一对夹紧辊的夹钳，以便将熔融的粘合剂挤压到保护层表面，从而确保带子与表面的良好结合。所得两片层压材料板之间的无缝接缝采用Suter防液接缝检验法测试，结果证实在0.07巴/3分钟攻击下是防液的。然后对无缝接缝进行持久性防液接缝检验(Test for DurablyLiquid-proof Seams)，洗涤/干燥之后再对样品进行0.07/3分钟攻击。作为进一步的评价，然后在Suter检验装置中对样品进行更加严格的3psi(0.22巴)/2分钟无缝接缝攻击，未观察到有水；因此，样品在最严格条件下保持持续防液。进一步评价之后，发现织物外表面破裂，且当沿垂直于无缝接缝方向的方向拉无缝接缝时，外部织物发生分离。
实施例2-熔合切割/带-ST78AU/Tricot
按照基本如实施例1所述方式在两层层压材料板之间形成防液无缝接缝，不同之处如下。
将这两块板以相互叠加的方式在桌上放平，使尼龙/斯潘德克斯弹性纤维织物相互接触。使层放的板在铁砧和超声焊极之间移动，从而沿层放的层压材料板的一条边形成熔合无缝接缝。随着各层的移动，铁砧同时进行切割并将织物的边缘熔合在一起，以形成通常称作的对接熔合接缝。这种熔合是用购自宾西法尼亚州西切斯特SU公司的装备有R1027铁砧的Lacemaster/Seammaster超声缝纫机完成的。该机器在以下条件下运行：速度＝2，幅度＝10，空气压力设置为60psi。铁砧和超声焊极的速度设定保持相同。制造无缝接缝时，使层放的板在轮的左侧移动，以便产生沿板边缘的单条连续熔合线和在垂直于连续熔合的方向上距离约0.8mm的不连续熔合。
然后在密封区域施加一条13mm宽的带有热熔性聚氨酯粘合剂的无缝接缝带(GORE SEAM无缝接缝带，获自马里兰州艾科顿市戈尔公司)，将无缝接缝带加热至足以熔化聚氨酯粘合剂的温度，并使带子和无缝接缝通过一对夹紧辊的夹钳，以便将熔融的粘合剂挤压到保护层表面，从而确保带子与表面的良好结合。所得两片层压材料板之间的无缝接缝采用Suter防液接缝检验法测试，结果证实在0.07巴/3分钟攻击下是防液的。然后对无缝接缝进行持久性防液接缝检验(Test for Durably Liquid-proof Seams)，洗涤/干燥之后再对样品进行0.07/3分钟攻击。作为进一步的评价，然后在Suter检验装置中对样品进行更加严格的3psi(0.22巴)/2分钟无缝接缝攻击，未观察到有水；因此，样品在最严格条件下保持持续防液。进一步评价之后，发现织物外表面未破裂，且当沿垂直于无缝接缝方向的方向拉无缝接缝时外部织物未发生分离。
实施例3
采用改进的夹钳断裂法(grab break method)评价实施例1和实施例2中制造的样品的接缝强度。用Lab 500 USM平压裁断机(型号SN-SE25，购自哈德逊全球机械公司(Hudson Machinery Worldwide))从实施例1和实施例2中制造的各个样品上切下5个4＂ x 8＂的样品。将切下的样品定位，使得接缝平行于4＂侧的方向。接缝在8＂长度方向上距离切割边大约4＂并垂直于8＂方向。用夹具将样品固定于Instron检测仪上(Instron 5565型，购自Instron公司(InstronCorporation))，该夹具提供1平方英寸的夹持面积。维持夹钳之间的间隙为4＂。注意使接缝与每套夹钳等距，并使夹钳的中心线垂直于接缝，在垂直于8＂边的方向上距离切割边2＂。一旦固定好之后，就利用Instron检测仪在垂直于接缝方向的方向上对样品施加50mm/分的恒定位移。Instron检测仪记录了位移期间的负荷。记录最大负荷(牛顿)和接缝断裂时的应变百分比后完成测试。
 
接缝强度(N) 断裂时的应变％ 平均值 标准差
实施例1 ST78AV Cut-1 221 18 214 6
实施例1 ST78AV Cut-2 211 17
实施例1 ST78AV Cut-3 215 17
实施例1 ST78AV Cut-4 218 17
实施例1 ST78AV Cut-5 206 16
实施例2 ST78AV 1027T-1 262 19 261 5
实施例2 ST78AV 1027T-2 264 20
实施例2 ST78AV 1027T-3 259 20
实施例2 ST78AV 1027T-4 254 19
实施例2 ST78AV 1027T-5 266 19

Claims (40)

1.一种两板之间的防液无缝接缝，其包含：
a.包含功能性防液层的第一板；
b.包含功能性防液层的第二板；
c.将第一板连接于第二板的不连续熔合无缝接缝；和
d.加强将第一板连接于第二板的熔合无缝接缝的加固件，从而提供液体无法透过的接缝。
2.一种两板之间的防液无缝接缝，其包含：
a.包含功能性防液层的第一板；
b.包含功能性防液层的第二板；
c.将第一板连接于第二板的不连续熔合无缝接缝；和
d.平行于不连续接缝放置并将第一板连接于第二板的连续熔合无缝接缝，从而提供液体无法透过的接缝。
3.如权利要求1所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述不连续焊缝是超声热焊缝。
4.如权利要求1所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述加固件是带子。
5.如权利要求1所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述加固件是织物层压材料。
6.如权利要求1所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述加固件是与密封聚合物相连的非熔合无缝接缝。
7.如权利要求1所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述加固件是密封聚合物。
8.如权利要求1所述的无缝接缝，还包含第二熔合接缝。
9.如权利要求8所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述第二熔合无缝接缝是连续热熔合接缝。
10.如权利要求1所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述加固件横贯不连续熔合接缝并将第一板连接于第二板。
11.如权利要求1所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述功能性防液层是膜。
12.如权利要求1所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述功能性防液层包含ePTFE。
13.一种防液无缝接缝，其包含：
a.带有功能性防液层的第一板，所述防液层具有外侧、内侧和指定的无缝接缝边缘；
b.带有功能性防液层的第二板，所述防液层具有外侧、内侧和指定的无缝接缝边缘；和
c.以相互叠加关系将第一板的指定的无缝接缝边缘连接于第二板的指定的无缝接缝边缘的不连续结合部，从而使板的外侧相互结合，且结合区距离板的无缝接缝边缘最远并在连接板外侧形成的平面上形成不连续结合点。
14.如权利要求13所述的无缝接缝，还包括以相互叠加关系将第一板的指定的无缝接缝边缘连接于第二板的指定的无缝接缝边缘的连续结合部，从而板的外侧相互结合。
15.如权利要求14所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述连续结合部在取向上平行于所述不连续结合部。
16.如权利要求13所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述不连续结合部是热熔合部。
17.如权利要求16所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述热熔合部形成交叉线图案。
18.如权利要求16所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述热熔合部形成虚线图案。
19.如权利要求16所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述热熔合部形成正弦图案。
20.如权利要求1所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述不连续熔合无缝接缝采用包含安装在轮上的圆周不连续压花肋的超声熔合轮形成。
21.如权利要求20所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述超声熔合轮还包含圆周切割肋。
22.如权利要求21所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述圆周切割肋距离不连续压花肋至少0.1mm安装。
23.如权利要求21所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述圆周切割肋从轮上伸出的长度大于不连续压花肋。
24.如权利要求21所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述圆周切割肋和所述不连续压花肋相互平行。
25.如权利要求21所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述将第一板连接于第二板的不连续熔合无缝接缝的施加与在指定的无缝接缝边缘上切割所述板同时进行。
26.如权利要求1所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述无缝接缝的强度至少为150N。
27.如权利要求1所述的无缝接缝，其特征在于，所述无缝接缝的强度至少为200N。
28.一种通过将诸片防液层压材料连接在一起而形成熔合的防液无缝接缝的方法，所述方法包括：
a.以叠加关系将至少两片各自具有至少一织物层和一防液功能层的防液层压材料放在一起，使织物区沿限定无缝接缝线的条带相互接触；和
b.沿所述条带对叠加的层压材料施加热和压力，所述热是连续施加的，所述压力以最接近形成连续无缝接缝的无缝接缝线边缘的恒定间隔施加，彼此隔开一定间隔与连续无缝接缝并置以形成不连续无缝接缝，从而沿所述条带形成多个接缝。
29.如权利要求28所述的方法，还包括步骤c.切除余量的无缝接缝。
30.如权利要求29所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤b.和c.是同时进行的。
31.如权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述不连续无缝接缝相对于所述连续接缝是弱结合的。
32.如权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤b.)中施加的热为超声能量形式。
33.如权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述压力通过压花轮施加。
34.如权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个接缝用至少一个加固件加固。
35.如权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加固件是带子。
36.如权利要求35所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加固件是线。
37.如权利要求35所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加固件是织物层压材料。
38.如权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述功能层由膨胀型PTFE构成。
39.一种通过权利要求28所述方法获得的位于至少两片层压材料板之间的熔合无缝接缝。
40.一种通过权利要求28所述方法获得的位于至少两片层压材料板之间的熔合无缝接缝，其中所述纤维被加热并熔融到不同程度。
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ATE498486T1 (de) 2011-03-15
EP2054215B1 (en) 2011-02-16
US8828167B2 (en) 2014-09-09
DE602007012554D1 (de) 2011-03-31
US8435617B2 (en) 2013-05-07
JP2010500933A (ja) 2010-01-14
WO2008021046A1 (en) 2008-02-21
KR20090042321A (ko) 2009-04-29
US20130153119A1 (en) 2013-06-20
CN101522398B (zh) 2014-03-19
JP2017019287A (ja) 2017-01-26
EP2054215A1 (en) 2009-05-06
JP2014015049A (ja) 2014-01-30
JP5603073B2 (ja) 2014-10-08

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