CN101505944B - 利用双挤出制备颜料颗粒的方法 - Google Patents

利用双挤出制备颜料颗粒的方法 Download PDF

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CN101505944B
CN101505944B CN2006800555583A CN200680055558A CN101505944B CN 101505944 B CN101505944 B CN 101505944B CN 2006800555583 A CN2006800555583 A CN 2006800555583A CN 200680055558 A CN200680055558 A CN 200680055558A CN 101505944 B CN101505944 B CN 101505944B
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G·布罗吉
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PPG Industries Inc
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Abstract

描述了一种用于生产包含至少一种树脂和至少一种颜料的颗粒成分的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:不带感应加热地对包含所述至少一种树脂和所述至少一种颜料的混合物进行挤出;带感应加热地对从先前挤出获得的混合物进行后续挤出;使由此获得的混合物粒化。通过上述方法,能获得颗粒的平均直径小于2微米且比已知方法更均匀的成分。

Description

利用双挤出制备颜料颗粒的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种优选地用丙烯酸树脂、聚醛树脂和/或酮树脂来包覆有机和无机的颜料以便提供优选为粒子形式的颗粒成分的双挤出生产方法。
背景技术
如已知,颜料是具有有机和无机性质的固体,当它们在固色系统如树脂中使用时便被限定为这样的特性,从而吸收光的一部分并反射它们的形成涂覆表面颜色的互补部分。
这样,它们是具有非常不规则表面(在颜料与颜料间彼此不同)的固体,并且具有与彼此完全不同的其它物质相互作用(interface)的特性,且受到接触元素的物理和化学条件的很大影响。
因此,由各种颜料的混合物产生的颜色组成在各种制备物间是不均匀的,这不仅是由于环境状况(在各种情况下都会改变)的变化,而且还由于颜料表面特性的不同和熔融期间聚合物的表面张力特性的不同(即使在批次间不会不同,也会稍微地改变)。
将颜料结合在基于广泛变化的树脂的载体(vehicle)系统中的难度是公知的。
这在两种情况下都是如此,一是粉末系统,其中颜料在挤出机内与熔融状态的聚合物树脂接触,二是液体系统,其中会发生与用溶剂和/或水(对系统具有絮凝作用)稀释的溶液、乳状液或分散液形式的聚合物(树脂)的相互作用。
目前在粉末涂料的配制中,颜料的嵌入利用所述颜料在挤出期间与树脂的不同形式(碎片或薄片)的颗粒的简单物理混合来进行以将颜料结合在树脂中,所述树脂形成添加有能够改善颜料和树脂之间接触的化学添加剂的载体,在挤出时包含在混合物中的树脂熔化并且颜料在液态/粘性相中分散或粉碎(碾磨,milling)。
该过程通常使用单螺杆挤出机(单螺杆Bandera型),该单螺杆挤出机具有不够强的颜料粉碎能力且由此不完全适用于挤出比色率(colorimetric yield)高的有机颜料,因此主要用于无机或有机颜料,但用在认为颜色组成和比色率不重要的产品中。
具有复合螺杆的双螺杆挤出机(Leistriz型)通常被使用和已知;与单螺杆挤出机相比,这些双螺杆挤出机在颜料精炼和粉碎能力方面提供了更好的性能,且因此在使用了难以粉碎的颜料且需要高比色率时使用。
单螺杆和双螺杆挤出机均使用供给到挤出腔的热量,以便有助于聚合物的熔化和颜料在液态/粘性相中的粉碎。
尽管如此,也已证明使用双螺杆挤出机在以下情况下在分散能力方面具有限制,即,使用特别复杂和昂贵的有机颜料(例如被开发以用于对外界制剂具有良好抵抗力、用于金属涂料时具有良好透明度、具有高色调和高饱和度的涂料的颜料)且需要使分散程度及由此比色率最大化的情况;或使用特别难以分散的无机颜料的情况,或者在两种情况下仅为了能够增大颜料在挤出制备物中的浓度、同时在分散方面维持良好结果的情况。
特别地,通过本领域已知的方法,针对许多有机颜料(例如,品红色二甲基喹吖啶酮红122(magenta dimethylquinacridone Red 122)颜料、紫红色贝塔喹吖啶酮紫19(violet-red betaquinacridone Violet 19)颜料、橙色二酮吡咯并吡咯橙73(orange diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole Oragne 73)颜料)能实现的粉碎的精细度和均匀程度对于诸如高性能涂料的应用场合来说是无法接受的。
实际上,颜料颗粒过大(即,对于品红色二甲基喹吖啶酮红122颜料为5-30微米,对于紫红色贝塔喹吖啶酮紫19颜料为10-30微米,对于橙色二酮吡咯并吡咯橙73颜料为10-25微米)并且不能以足够均匀的方式分散,从而不利地影响了诸如比色率、亮度和色调等特性。
在所有这些情况下,在热挤出机中进行的第二挤出尚未提供对分散度的实质改善。
挤出固体制备物在粉末涂料中的可能应用或作为塑料中色母(masterbatch)的可能应用、以及利用溶剂的溶解作为粉碎步骤的固体替代制备物的可能应用(就液态涂料和墨水来说是典型的)突显了上述限制和要求。
发明内容
因此,有必要研发一种用树脂来包覆有机和/或无机颜料以便获得颗粒形式的配方成分的新型挤出方法,其能克服现有技术的不利方面。
本发明提供了一种用于通过用至少一种聚醛树脂、酮树脂和/或丙烯酸树脂来包覆至少一种颜料而生产颗粒成分的方法,包括以下步骤:(a)在同向旋转双螺杆挤出机中仅使用在所述挤出机内由剪切和摩擦力自然产生的热量而不带感应加热地对包含所述至少一种树脂和所述至少一种颜料的混合物进行挤出;(b)带感应加热地对从根据步骤(a)的挤出获得的混合物进行后续挤出;(c)使由此获得的混合物粒化。
根据上述的方法,步骤(b)在同向旋转双螺杆挤出机中进行。
根据上述的方法,根据步骤(a)的挤出机的螺杆的直径为27-110mm。
根据上述的方法,根据步骤(a)的挤出机的螺杆的直径为30-87mm。
根据上述的方法,所述螺杆的长度为所述直径的25-48倍。
根据上述的方法,所述螺杆的长度为所述直径的32-40倍。
根据上述的方法,根据步骤(a)的挤出机内的温度从0到50℃变化。
根据上述的方法,根据步骤(a)的挤出机内的温度从5到35℃变化。
根据上述的方法,根据步骤(a)的挤出的流量为5-20kg/h。
根据上述的方法,根据步骤(a)的挤出的流量为10-15kg/h。
根据上述的方法,根据步骤(b)的挤出机的螺杆的直径为27-110mm。
根据上述的方法,根据步骤(b)的挤出机的螺杆的直径为30-87mm。
根据上述的方法,所述螺杆的长度为所述直径的48-60倍。
根据上述的方法,根据步骤(b)的挤出机内的温度从50到130℃变化。
根据上述的方法,根据步骤(b)的挤出机内的温度从80到110℃变化。
根据上述的方法,根据步骤(b)的挤出的流量为15-35kg/h。
根据上述的方法,根据步骤(b)的挤出的流量为20-30kg/h。
根据上述的方法,粒化借助于用喷水进行的剪切来进行。
根据上述的方法,所述至少一种颜料是有机的和/或无机的。
根据上述的方法,所述混合物包含至少一种矿物增强填料。
根据上述的方法,所述矿物增强填料是硫酸钡。
根据上述的方法,所述混合物包含至少一种分散剂。
根据上述的方法,所述分散剂为非离子的。
根据上述的方法,所述分散剂选自环氧化脱水山梨糖醇酯和大豆油酯。
根据上述的方法,所述分散剂为环氧化脱水山梨糖醇酯。
本发明还提供了一种能根据上述的方法获得的颗粒成分,其中,所述颗粒成分中分散的颜料颗粒具有小于2微米的平均粒径。
根据上述的颗粒成分,所述颗粒成分中分散的颜料颗粒具有1-2微米的平均粒径。
本发明还涉及上述的颗粒成分用于制备粉末涂料、液体涂料和塑料的应用。
形成本发明主题的该技术基于:
-不带感应加热地对基于树脂和颜料的混合物进行第一挤出;
-带感应加热地对来自所述第一挤出的混合物进行第二挤出;
-使由此获得的混合物粒化(形成颗粒)。
根据本发明的一个方面,在同向(旋转)(co-rotating)双螺杆挤出机中进行第一挤出,所述同向双螺杆挤出机允许仅使用在挤出机内由剪切(cutting)和摩擦力自然产生的热量而不带感应加热地进行第一步骤。
本发明优选的双螺杆挤出机使用的螺杆直径为27-110mm,优选为30-87mm,长度为直径的25-48倍,优选为32-40倍。
上述挤出机内的温度可从大约0到大约50℃、优选从5到35℃变化;理想地,将挤出机内部划分成9个长度相同的区域,温度通常在三个第一区域内设定为5/15℃,优选为10℃,在第二区域(3至6)内设定为15/25℃,优选为20℃,在第三区域(6至9)内设定为25/35℃,优选为30℃。
通过挤出机的第一区域内的冷却设置和作为混合物的成分存在的水的蒸发两者来控制挤出机内的温度;这优选利用在挤出机输送区内朝端部设置的通气阀来进行。控制温度对于将混合物保持为未完全熔化的状态以使剪切力可更有效地发挥其作用来说很重要。
第一挤出的流量约为5-20kg/h,优选为10-15kg/h。
在第一步骤后离开挤出机的颜料和树脂的处于无定形但均一固相的半成品可包含大量的水,使其在后续的挤出中难以使用。在这种情况下,优选地添加混合物表面活性剂或分散剂(优选为非离子的,例如环氧化脱水山梨糖醇酯和大豆油酯(epoxidized sorbitan and soy bean oil esters),优选为环氧化脱水山梨糖醇酯),以便有助于固相的润湿并为均一混合物提供良好的可挤出特性。
然后来自第一挤出的挤出物被转移以进行第二挤出;该过程可成批地和连续地进行。
第二双螺杆挤出机的螺杆直径为27-110mm,优选为30-87mm,长度为直径的30/60倍,优选为直径的48-60倍。
上述挤出机内的温度可从大约50到大约130℃、优选从80到110℃变化;理想地,将挤出机内部划分成9个长度相同的区域,温度通常利用感应热的供给在三个第一挤出区域内设定为70/90℃,优选为80℃,在第二区域(3至6)内设定为80/100℃,优选为90℃,在第三区域(6至9)内设定为90/110℃,优选为100℃。
第一挤出的流量约为15-35kg/h,优选为20-30kg/h。
挤出过程使用模具和制粒机来完成。
混合物中存在的剩余水也借助于施加真空、在必要时通过除气系统的通气阀来取出。
分散颗粒的粉碎精细度和均匀性在最后获得粒径曲线的非常窄的分布,其中在使用×200放大倍率的光学显微镜进行测量时粒径值很小并且小于1-2微米的值。
从第二操作输出的物料的熔化状态也允许利用安装在挤出机机头上的模具和水剪切造微粒机(water-cutting microgranulator)来生产微粒。
应当强调,尽管单次热操作(hot pass)产生不规律的粉碎精细度,其中散布有在各种情况下尺寸为5-30微米、10-30微米、10-25微米(使用×200放大倍率的光学显微镜进行测量时)的颗粒,但冷/热双重操作不仅将颗粒尺寸减小到1-2微米以下,还导致其极好的均匀性(粒径曲线的窄分布)及由此更高的比色率。
特别地,对于基于无机和有机颜料的配方成分,制备分散剂的水溶液(水的用量优选为配方成分总重量的10%到20%);将树脂引入混合器(优选为高速叶片型的开口容器)并且用所述溶液的约50%的量来润湿;将颜料引入且同时混合,并将剩余量的水溶液加入;加入惰性填料,并在混合后将产品排出和输送到挤出机。
混合物也可包含矿物增强填料,例如硫酸钡。
对于有机颜料和无机颜料两种情况,混合通常都以在800和2200rpm之间的速度进行。
可根据本发明的方法获得的颗粒配方成分可用于生产基于树脂和颜料并且在本领域中已知的颗粒系统,尤其是在国际专利申请PCT/IT2005/000443、PCT/IT2005/000536、PCT/EP2006/000019和PCT/IT2006/000588(申请人相同并且引用于此作为参考)中所述的颗粒系统。
具体实施方式
对设备/工艺过程的描述
设备/工艺过程包括:
带有螺旋桨式叶轮(propeller impeller)的高速涡轮式混合器,转数为1000到3000转每分钟,优选为2000/2500rpm,这使得包括颜料、树脂、添加剂和水的组分可均匀化。
用于第一操作的冷却同向旋转双螺杆挤出机(Leistriz型),适于获得来自涡轮式混合器的混合物的颜料的极好冷分散。
“冷操作”不提供热量且因此避免了树脂的完全熔化,但是仅使用由所生成的高剪切力产生的“摩擦”热来确保颜料的极好分散,然而获得的是非粒状的无定形物理形态。
加热同向旋转双螺杆挤出机(Leistriz型),其中进行混合物熔化过程,最终是液相(水相)流出。
安装在挤出机机头上的造微粒机(Gala水下制粒型),用于将液相的挤出物制成微粒。
优选地,利用Gala工业公司生产的并在国际专利申请WO01/21371(引用于此作为参考)中描述的喷水剪切型造粒机来生产颗粒。
筛分/干燥系统,主要包括流体床振动筛,用于分离液相,和将颗粒从粒径不合规格的可能组分中筛分/筛选出来,以及通过热空气装置进行相关的干燥。
从挤出过程获得的、根据挤出混合物的比重可具有从80到200个颗粒每克的数量的微粒在必要时补充加入任意硅石流化添加剂以避免在温度条件不能适当控制时在储存或运输过程中的微粒压实问题,并被输送走以进行包装。
下列示例仅为例示性而非限制性的,示出了要供给到挤出机中以便在后面生产本发明的粒子和粉末形式的颗粒成分的化合物的一些可能混合物;水显然不能被看作是最终配方成分的组分,因为它在干燥阶段内被除去了;各部分以重量计量。
示例1
传统的单挤出过程
Figure GSB00000949898700071
Figure GSB00000949898700081
挤出参数:
区域1-3:温度80℃
区域4-6:温度90℃
区域7-9:温度100℃
螺杆直径:30mm
螺杆长度:1560mm
安装了模具和制粒机
产率:15kg/h
结果:粉碎精细度:5-30微米
示例2
双挤出过程
Figure GSB00000949898700082
第一挤出参数:
区域1-3:温度10℃
区域4-6:温度20℃
区域7-9:温度30℃
螺杆直径:30mm
螺杆长度:750mm
未安装模具和制粒机
产率:25kg/h
第二挤出参数:
区域1-3:温度80℃
区域4-6:温度90℃
区域7-9:温度100℃
螺杆直径:30mm
螺杆长度:1560mm
安装了模具和制粒机
产率:15kg/h
结果:粉碎精细度:1-2微米
示例3
传统的单挤出过程
Figure GSB00000949898700091
挤出参数:
区域1-3:温度80℃
区域4-6:温度90℃
区域7-9:温度100℃
螺杆直径:30mm
螺杆长度:1560mm
安装了模具和制粒机
产率:15kg/h
结果:粉碎精细度:10-30微米
示例4
双挤出过程
Figure GSB00000949898700101
第一挤出参数:
区域1-3:温度10℃
区域4-6:温度20℃
区域7-9:温度30℃
螺杆直径:30mm
螺杆长度:750mm
未安装模具和制粒机
产率:25kg/h
第二挤出参数:
区域1-3:温度80℃
区域4-6:温度90℃
区域7-9:温度100℃
螺杆直径:30mm
螺杆长度:1560mm
安装了模具和制粒机
产率:15kg/h
结果:粉碎精细度:1-2微米
示例5
传统的单挤出过程
Figure GSB00000949898700102
Figure GSB00000949898700111
挤出参数:
区域1-3:温度80℃
区域4-6:温度90℃
区域7-9:温度100℃
螺杆直径:30mm
螺杆长度:1560mm
安装了模具和制粒机
产率:15kg/h
结果:粉碎精细度:10-25微米
示例6
双挤出过程
Figure GSB00000949898700112
第一挤出参数:
区域1-3:温度10℃
区域4-6:温度20℃
区域7-9:温度30℃
螺杆直径:30mm
螺杆长度:750mm
未安装模具和制粒机
产率:25kg/h
第二挤出参数:
区域1-3:温度80℃
区域4-6:温度90℃
区域7-9:温度100℃
螺杆直径:30mm
螺杆长度:1560mm
安装了模具和制粒机
产率:15kg/h
结果:粉碎精细度:1-2微米

Claims (28)

1.用于通过用至少一种聚醛树脂、酮树脂和/或丙烯酸树脂来包覆至少一种颜料而生产颗粒成分的方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)在同向旋转双螺杆挤出机中仅使用在所述挤出机内由剪切和摩擦力自然产生的热量而不带感应加热地对包含所述至少一种树脂和所述至少一种颜料的混合物进行挤出;
(b)带感应加热地对从根据步骤(a)的挤出获得的混合物进行后续挤出;
(c)使由此获得的混合物粒化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)在同向旋转双螺杆挤出机中进行。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,根据步骤(a)的挤出机的螺杆的直径为27-110mm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,根据步骤(a)的挤出机的螺杆的直径为30-87mm。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述螺杆的长度为所述直径的25-48倍。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述螺杆的长度为所述直径的32-40倍。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据步骤(a)的挤出机内的温度从0到50℃变化。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据步骤(a)的挤出机内的温度从5到35℃变化。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据步骤(a)的挤出的流量为5-20kg/h。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,根据步骤(a)的挤出的流量为10-15kg/h。
11.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,根据步骤(b)的挤出机的螺杆的直径为27-110mm。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,根据步骤(b)的挤出机的螺杆的直径为30-87mm。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述螺杆的长度为所述直径的48-60倍。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据步骤(b)的挤出机内的温度从50到130℃变化。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据步骤(b)的挤出机内的温度从80到110℃变化。
16.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据步骤(b)的挤出的流量为15-35kg/h。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,根据步骤(b)的挤出的流量为20-30kg/h。
18.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,粒化借助于用喷水进行的剪切来进行。
19.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述至少一种颜料是有机的和/或无机的。
20.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述混合物包含至少一种矿物增强填料。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于,所述矿物增强填料是硫酸钡。
22.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述混合物包含至少一种分散剂。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其特征在于,所述分散剂为非离子的。
24.根据权利要求22或23所述的方法,其特征在于,所述分散剂选自环氧化脱水山梨糖醇酯和大豆油酯。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其特征在于,所述分散剂为环氧化脱水山梨糖醇酯。
26.能根据权利要求1-25中任一项所述的方法获得的颗粒成分,其特征在于,所述颗粒成分中分散的颜料颗粒具有小于2微米的平均粒径。
27.根据权利要求26所述的颗粒成分,其特征在于,所述颗粒成分中分散的颜料颗粒具有1-2微米的平均粒径。
28.根据权利要求26或27所述的颗粒成分用于制备粉末涂料、液体涂料和塑料的应用。
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