CN101495575B - 具有高刚度的热塑性模塑组合物 - Google Patents
具有高刚度的热塑性模塑组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101495575B CN101495575B CN2007800281569A CN200780028156A CN101495575B CN 101495575 B CN101495575 B CN 101495575B CN 2007800281569 A CN2007800281569 A CN 2007800281569A CN 200780028156 A CN200780028156 A CN 200780028156A CN 101495575 B CN101495575 B CN 101495575B
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含如下物质的热塑性模塑组合物:A)40-96.2重量%半芳族聚酰胺,B)2-30重量%包含官能团的抗冲改性的聚合物,C)1-50重量%纤维状或粒状填料或它们的混合物,D)0.2-5重量%润滑剂,E)0.5-15重量%导电性添加剂,F)0-30重量%其它加入的材料,其中组分A)-F)的重量百分数的总和为100%。
Description
本发明涉及包含如下物质的热塑性模塑组合物:
A)40-96.2重量%半芳族聚酰胺,
B)2-30重量%包含官能团的抗冲改性的聚合物,
C)1-50重量%纤维状或粒状填料或这些物质的混合物,
D)0.2-5重量%润滑剂,
E)0.5-15重量%导电性添加剂,
F)0-30重量%其它加入的材料,
其中组分A)-F)的重量百分数的总和为100%。
此外,本发明涉及这些模塑组合物在生产任何类型模制品中的用途和所得模制品,优选任何类型的机动车车体部件。
基于聚酰胺和聚苯醚的聚合物共混物具有高的耐热性且因此用作车体部件的材料。这类产品例如由GEP以NorylGTX销售。用作车体材料的缺点为在环境条件下刚度较大降低。
DE-A 101 49 152描述了基于聚酰胺、ABS类型的接枝橡胶、细粒填料的热塑性模塑组合物作为车体部件的材料。这类产品例如由Bayer以商标Triax销售。当这些产品的刚度高于NorylGTX的刚度时,该材料的韧性在绝大多数情况下是不足的。
WO 2004/056919公开了包含各种导电加料混合物的导电热塑性模塑组合物。
已知模塑组合物的缺点为,由于高的聚酰胺含量,它们吸收水分,结果为这类产品刚度的巨大降低。
为此,本发明目的为提供与现有技术相比,显示较高耐热性、较好韧性和吸收水分时刚度降低较少的热塑性模塑组合物。
在引言中定义的模塑组合物实现了该目的。优选实施方案在从属权利要求中给出。
本发明模塑组合物包含40-96.2重量%,优选45-93.75重量%,尤其是45-91.2重量%至少一种半芳族聚酰胺作为组分A)。
优选半芳族共聚酰胺的实例为PA 6/6T和PA 66/6T,其中这些共聚酰胺的三胺含量小于0.5重量%,优选小于0.3重量%(参见EP-A 299 444)。
描述在EP-A 129 195和129 196中的方法可用于制备具有低三胺含量的优选半芳族共聚酰胺。
本发明热塑性模塑组合物包含至少一种具有下述结构的半芳族共聚酰胺作为组分A):
半芳族共聚酰胺A)包含40-90重量%源自对苯二甲酸和六亚甲基二胺的单元作为组分a1)。小比例的对苯二甲酸,优选不超过全部量的所用芳族二元羧酸的10重量%可由间苯二甲酸或由其它芳族二元羧酸,优选其中羧基在对位的那些代替。
沿着源自对苯二甲酸和六亚甲基二胺的单元,半芳族共聚酰胺包含源自ε-己内酰胺的单元(a2)和/或源自己二酸和六亚甲基二胺的单元(a3)。
源自ε-己内酰胺的单元的比例为至多50重量%,优选20-50重量%,尤其是25-40重量%,而源自己二酸和六亚甲基二胺的单元的比例为至多60重量%,优选30-60重量%,尤其是35-55重量%。
共聚酰胺不仅还可包含ε-己内酰胺的单元,而且还可包含己二酸和六亚甲基二胺的单元;在该情况下,必须注意不含芳族基团的单元的比例为至少10重量%,优选至少20重量%。源自ε-己内酰胺和源自己二酸和六亚甲基二胺的单元的比例在此不受任何特殊限制。
已经证明对许多应用特别有利的聚酰胺具有50-80重量%,尤其是60-75重量%源自对苯二甲酸和六亚甲基二胺的单元(单元a1)),以及20-50重量%,优选25-40重量%源自ε-己内酰胺的单元(单元a2))。
沿着上述单元a1)-a3),本发明半芳族共聚酰胺还可包含次要量,优选不超过15重量%,尤其是不超过10重量%其它聚酰胺单元(a4),其中这些单元由其它聚酰胺已知。这些单元可源自具有4-16个碳原子的二元羧酸和具有4-16个碳原子的脂族或脂环族二胺,或源自氨基羧酸和各自对应的具有7-12碳原子的内酰胺。这里仅可提及数个这些类型的合适单体的实例:辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸或间苯二甲酸作为二元羧酸的代表,1,4-丁二胺、1,5-戊二胺、哌嗪、4,4’-二氨基二环己基甲烷、2,2-(4,4’-二氨基二环己基)丙烷,或3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-二氨基二环己基甲烷作为二胺的代表,辛内酰胺、庚内酰胺、ω-氨基十一烷酸和月桂内酰胺作为内酰胺和氨基羧酸的代表。
半芳族共聚酰胺A)的熔点在260℃至大于300℃的范围内,且该高熔点也与通常超过75℃,尤其是超过85℃的高玻璃化转变温度相关。
基于对苯二甲酸、六亚甲基二胺和ε-己内酰胺的二元共聚酰胺具有约70重量%源自对苯二甲酸和六亚甲基二胺的单元的含量,其熔点在300℃范围内且玻璃化转变温度超过110℃。
甚至具有较低的约55重量%由对苯二甲酸和六亚甲基二胺组成的单元含量的基于对苯二甲酸、己二酸和六亚甲基二胺(HMD)的二元共聚酰胺达到300℃及更高的熔点,但这里玻璃化转变温度不完全如包含ε-己内酰胺代替己二酸或己二酸/HMD的二元共聚酰胺一样高。
作为实例,半芳族共聚酰胺A)可通过描述在EP-A 129 195和EP-A 129 196,以及EP-A 299 444中的方法制备。
根据ISO 307,在23℃下由在96重量%H2SO4中的浓度为0.5%(0.5g/100ml)的溶液测量,粘数通常为100-300ml/g,优选110-250ml/g。
还可使用上述聚酰胺的混合物。
本发明模塑组合物包含2-30重量%,优选3-25重量%,尤其是4-20重量%抗冲改性的聚合物(也称作橡胶或弹性体)作为组分B)。
增加聚酰胺韧性的橡胶通常具有两个基本特征:它们包含玻璃化转变温度低于-10℃,优选低于-30℃的弹性体部分,且它们包含至少一种可与聚酰胺相互作用的官能团。合适官能团的实例为羧酸基、羧酸酐基、羧酸酯基、羧酰胺基、羧酰亚胺基、氨基、羟基、环氧基、尿烷基团以及噁唑啉基。
官能团的含量基于100重量%B)为0.1-5重量%,优选0.2-4重量%,尤其是0.3-3.5重量%。
优选的基于α-烯烃的橡胶为包含如下组分的那些:
B1)40-100重量%至少一种具有2-8个碳原子的α-烯烃,
B2)0-90重量%二烯,
B3)0-45重量%丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C1-C12烷基酯,或这些酯的混合物,
B4)0-40重量%烯属不饱和一元或二元羧酸,或其官能衍生物,
B5)0-40重量%包含环氧基的单体,
B6)0-5重量%其它能够自由基聚合的单体,
条件是组分(B)不是烯烃均聚物,因为这些均聚物如聚乙烯达不到相同程度的有利效果。
第一优选组已知为乙烯-丙烯(EPM)橡胶或乙烯-丙烯-二烯(EPDM)橡胶,其中乙烯单元与丙烯单元的比例优选为40∶60-90∶10。
这类优选不交联的EPM或EPDM橡胶(凝胶含量通常低于1重量%)的门尼粘度(MLI+4/100℃)(根据DIN 53 523,在100℃下用大转子,运行4分钟后测量)优选为25-100,尤其是35-90。
EPM橡胶实际上通常不具有残留双键,而EPDM橡胶可具有1-20个双键/100个碳原子。
用于EPDM橡胶的二烯单体B2)的实例为共轭二烯,如异戊二烯和丁二烯,具有5-25个碳原子的非共轭二烯,如1,4-戊二烯、1,4-己二烯、1,5-己二烯、2,5-二甲基-1,5-己二烯和1,4-辛二烯,环二烯,如环戊二烯、环己二烯、环辛二烯和二环戊二烯,以及链烯基降冰片烯,如5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯、5-亚丁基-2-降冰片烯、2-甲代烯丙基-5-降冰片烯、2-异丙烯基-5-降冰片烯,以及三环二烯,如3-甲基三环[5.2.1.02,6]-3,8-癸二烯或这些二烯的混合物。
优选1,5-己二烯、5-亚乙基降冰片烯和二环戊二烯。EPDM橡胶的二烯含量基于烯烃聚合物的总重量优选为0.5-50重量%,尤其是2-20重量%,特别优选3-15重量%。
EPM或EPDM橡胶优选用反应性羧酸或这些羧酸的衍生物接枝。这里可特别提及丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和它们的衍生物,以及马来酸酐。
另一组优选烯烃聚合物为具有2-8个碳原子的α-烯烃,尤其是乙烯与丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸的C1-C18烷基酯的共聚物。
原则上,任何丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的伯、仲或叔C1-C18烷基酯是合适的,但是优选具有1-12个碳原子,尤其是具有2-10个碳原子的酯。
这些酯的实例为丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、丙烯酸辛酯和丙烯酸癸酯以及甲基丙烯酸的对应酯。其中,特别优选丙烯酸正丁酯和丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯。
烯烃聚合物中甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯B3)的比例为0-45重量%,优选20-40重量%,尤其是30-40重量%。
代替酯B3),或除了这些酯之外,烯烃聚合物还可包含具有酸官能团和/或具有潜在酸官能团的单体B4)或包含环氧基的单体B5),其中这些单体B4)源自烯属不饱和一元或二元羧酸。
可提及的单体B4)的实例为丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸,这些酸的叔烷基酯,尤其是丙烯酸叔丁酯,以及二元羧酸如马来酸和富马酸,或这些酸的衍生物,或它们的单酯。
具有潜在酸官能团的单体为在聚合工艺条件下,或在烯烃聚合物掺入模塑组合物的过程中形成游离酸基的化合物。可提及的这些单体的实例为具有至多20个碳原子的二元羧酸的酐,尤其是马来酸酐,以及上述酸的叔C1-C12烷基酯,尤其是丙烯酸叔丁酯和甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯。
优选经由将通式I-IV的化合物加入单体混合物中而将具有酸官能团或具有潜在酸官能团的单体以及包含环氧基的单体掺入烯烃聚合物。
R1C(COOR2)=C(COOR3)R4 (I)
其中基团R1-R9为氢或具有1-6个碳原子的烷基,且m为0-20的整数,n为0-10的整数。
R1-R7优选为氢,m优选为0或1,n优选为1。对应化合物为马来酸、富马酸、马来酸酐B4),或链烯基缩水甘油醚或乙烯基缩水甘油醚B5)。
式I、II、III和IV的优选化合物为作为组分B4)的马来酸和马来酸酐,以及丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸的包含环氧基的酯,特别优选丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(作为组分B5)。
组分B4)和B5)的各自比例基于烯烃聚合物的总重量为0.07-40重量%,尤其是0.1-20重量%,特别优选0.15-15重量%。
特别优选包含如下物质的烯烃聚合物:
50-98.9重量%,尤其是55-65重量%乙烯,
0.1-20重量%,尤其是0.15-10重量%丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和/或甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,丙烯酸和/或马来酸酐,
1-45重量%,尤其是5-40重量%丙烯酸正丁酯和/或丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯,和
0-10重量%,尤其是0.1-3重量%马来酸酐或富马酸,或它们的混合物。
丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸的其它优选酯为甲酯、乙酯、丙酯、异丁酯和叔丁酯。
可使用的其它单体B6)的实例为乙烯基酯和乙烯基醚。
上述乙烯共聚物可通过本身已知的方法,优选经由在高压和升高的温度下无规共聚而制备。
乙烯共聚物的熔体指数通常为1-80g/10min(在190℃和2.16kg负荷下测量)。
可使用的其它橡胶为市售的包含可与聚酰胺反应的基团的乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物。优选的乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物经由过渡金属催化在气相或溶液中制备。可将如下α-烯烃用作共聚单体:丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、1-壬烯、1-癸烯、1-十一烯、1-十二烯、苯乙烯和取代的苯乙烯、乙烯基酯、乙酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、丙烯酸羟基乙基酯、丙烯酰胺、丙烯腈、烯丙基胺;二烯,如丁二烯、异戊二烯。
特别优选的组分B)为乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物、乙烯-1-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯共聚物,其中特别优选包含如下物质的组分:
B11)25-85重量%,优选35-80重量%乙烯,
B12)14.9-72重量%,优选19.8-63重量%1-辛烯或1-丁烯或丙烯或它们的混合物,
B4)0.1-3重量%,优选0.2-2重量%烯属不饱和一元或二元羧酸,或其官能衍生物。
这些乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物的摩尔质量为10 000-500 000g/mol,优选15 000-400 000g/mol(Mn,借助GPC在1,2,4-三氯苯中使用PS校准而测定)。
在乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物中乙烯含量为5-97重量%,优选10-95重量%,尤其是15-93重量%。
一个具体实施方案使用借助已知的“单活性中心催化剂(single sitecatalyst)”制备的乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物。其它细节可在US 5,272,236中找到。在该情况下,乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物具有对聚烯烃而言窄的分子量分布:小于4,优选小于3.5。
可用于官能化橡胶的另一原料为氢化或部分氢化的苯乙烯-二烯嵌段共聚物。
氢化度为50-95%,优选60-100%(可借助1H NMR测定)。
优选的抗冲改性剂B为包含乙烯基芳族化合物和二烯的嵌段聚合物。这类抗冲改性剂是已知的。DE-B 1 932 234、DE-B 2 000 118和DE-A 2 255 930描述了包含二烯嵌段和包含乙烯基芳族化合物嵌段的各种结构的弹性体嵌段共聚物。DE-A 2 750 515、DE-A 2 434 848、DE-A 3 038 551、EP-A-0 080 666和WO 83/01254经由实例描述了合适的氢化嵌段共聚物,合适的话与未氢化前体混合作为抗冲改性剂的用途。上述出版物的公开内容作为参考特别引入本文。
根据本发明,尤其可使用包含含有硬相(嵌段类型S)和作为软相的嵌段B/S的乙烯基芳族化合物-二烯嵌段共聚物,其中嵌段B/S具有无规结构且由二烯单元和乙烯基芳族化合物单元组成。沿着链统计平均,这里结构可均匀或不均匀。
根据本发明合适的是,这类弹性体嵌段共聚物通过由乙烯基芳族化合物与二烯的无规共聚物形成软相而获得;乙烯基芳族化合物和二烯的无规共聚物经由在极性共溶剂存在下聚合而获得。
可根据本发明使用的嵌段共聚物可例如经由如下通式(1)-(11)之一表示:
(1)(S-B/S)n;
(2)(S-B/S)n-S;
(3)B/S-(S-B/S)n;
(4)X-[(S-B/S)n]m +1
(5)X-[(B/S-S)n]m +1;
(6)X-[(S-B/S)n-S]m +1;
(7)X-[(B/S-S)n-B/S]m +1;
(8)Y-[(S-B/S)n]m +1;
(9)Y-[(B/S-S)n]m +1;
(10)Y-[(S-B/S)n-S]m +1;
(11)Y-[(B/S-S)n-B/S]m +1;
其中
S为乙烯基芳族化合物嵌段,
B/S为由二烯单元和乙烯基芳族化合物单元无规构建的嵌段的软相,
X为n官能引发剂的基团,
Y为m官能偶联剂的基团,和
m和n为1-10的自然数。
优选通式S-B/S-S、X-[-B/S-S]2和Y-[-B/S-S]2(其中缩写如上所定义)的嵌段共聚物,特别优选其软相已经被细分为如下嵌段的嵌段共聚物:
(12)(B/S)1-(B/S)2;
(13)(B/S)1-(B/S)2-(B/S)1;
(14)(B/S)1-(B/S)2-(B/S)3;
其中1、2和3指不同结构,其意义为在各B/S嵌段中乙烯基芳族化合物/二烯比例是不同的,或其在(B/S)1(B/S)2限度内,在嵌段内连续变化,其中每个子嵌段的玻璃化转变温度Tg低于25℃。
还优选在每个分子中具有超过一个具有不同摩尔质量的B/S和/或S嵌段的嵌段共聚物。
B嵌段还可替换仅由乙烯基芳族化合物单元构建的S嵌段,因为唯一标准为形成弹性体嵌段共聚物。这类共聚物例如可具有结构(15)-(18)之一:
(15)B-(B/S)
(16)(B/S)-B-(B/S)
(17)(B/S)1-B-(B/S)2
(18)B-(B/S)1-(B/S)2。
优选的乙烯基芳族化合物为苯乙烯、邻甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯或这些化合物的混合物。优选的二烯为丁二烯、异戊二烯、间戊二稀、1-苯基丁二烯或这些化合物的混合物。特别优选的单体组合为丁二烯和苯乙烯。
软嵌段特别优选包含约25-75重量%苯乙烯和约25-75重量%丁二烯。特别优选包含约34-69重量%丁二烯含量和约31-66重量%苯乙烯含量的软嵌段。
在单体组合苯乙烯/丁二烯的情况下,在整个嵌段共聚物中二烯的重量比例为15-65重量%,乙烯基芳族化合物组分的重量比例对应为85-35重量%。特别优选单体组成为25-60重量%二烯和75-40重量%乙烯基芳族化合物的丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物。
嵌段共聚物可通过加入极性共溶剂,在非极性溶剂中阴离子聚合而获得。这里假定共溶剂用作关于金属阳离子的路易斯碱。优选溶剂为脂族烃,如环己烷或甲基环己烷。优选的路易斯碱为极性的质子惰性的化合物,如醚和叔胺。特别有效的醚的实例为四氢呋喃和脂族聚醚,如二甘醇二甲醚。应提及的叔胺为三丁基胺和吡啶。将少量极性共溶剂,如0.5-5体积%极性共溶剂加入非极性溶剂。特别优选量为0.1-0.3体积%的四氢呋喃。经验显示在绝大多数情况下约0.2体积%的量是足够的。
路易斯碱的结构及其加入的量决定了共聚参数和1,2和1,4键接各自在二烯单元中的比例。本发明聚合物的实例基于所有二烯单元具有15-40%1,2键接和85-60%1,4键接比例。
阴离子聚合使用有机金属化合物引发。优选碱金属化合物,特别是锂的化合物。引发剂的实例为甲基锂、乙基锂、丙基锂、正丁基锂、仲丁基锂和叔丁基锂。有机金属化合物以在惰性烃中的溶液加入。加入量取决于聚合物的所需分子量,但基于单体通常为0.002-5摩尔%。
聚合温度可为约0-130℃,优选30-100℃。
固体中软相的体积比例对机械性能具有决定性的重要性。根据本发明,由二烯序列和由乙烯基芳族化合物序列构建的软相的体积比例为60-95体积%,优选70-90体积%,特别优选80-90体积%。由乙烯基芳族化合物单体产生的A嵌段形成硬相,其体积比例对应地为1-40体积%,优选10-30体积%,特别优选10-20体积%。
应指出的是,在上述乙烯基芳族化合物和二烯的定量比例、上述相体积的阈值和由本发明玻璃化转变温度范围暗示的组成之间不存在精确的一致,因为在每种情况下这些值围绕着最近的整数。如果精确一致,则为巧合。
两相的体积比例可使用相差电子显微镜(phase-contrast electronmicroscopy)或固态NMR光谱法测量。乙烯基芳族化合物嵌段的比例可在聚二烯烃含量锇降解之后,通过沉淀和称重而测定。如果总使聚合进行完全,则将在聚合物中产生的相比例还可由所用单体的量计算。
对本发明而言,嵌段共聚物明确通过使用由B/S嵌段形成的软相的体积百分比例和软相中二烯单元的比例计算的商所限定,对组合苯乙烯/丁二烯而言,该商为25-70重量%。
乙烯基芳族化合物无规掺入嵌段共聚物的软嵌段和聚合过程中路易斯碱的使用影响了玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。整个共聚物的玻璃化转变温度优选为-50℃至+25℃,优选低于0℃。
S嵌段的摩尔质量优选为1000-200 000g/mol,尤其是3000-80 000g/mol。分子内的S嵌段可具有不同的摩尔质量。
B/S嵌段的摩尔质量通常为2000-250 000[g/mol],优选5000-150 000[g/mol]。
同S嵌段一样,B/S嵌段可在分子内呈现不同的分子量。
偶联中心X通过活性阴离子链端与至少双官能偶联剂反应而形成。这类化合物的实例可在美国专利3,985,830、3,280,084、3,637,554和4,091,053中找到。例如优选使用环氧化的甘油酯如环氧化的亚麻子油或大豆油。二乙烯基苯也是合适的。二氯代二烷基硅烷,二醛如对苯二甲醛,以及酯如甲酸乙酯或苯甲酸乙酯特别适合二聚。
优选的聚合物结构为S-B/S-S、X-[-B/S-S]2和Y-[-B/S-S]2,其中无规B/S嵌段本身可细分为B1/S1-B2/S2-B3/S3-...嵌段。无规嵌段优选包含2-15个无规子嵌段,特别优选3-10个子嵌段。无规B/S嵌段划分为非常大量的Bn/Sn子嵌段产生了决定性的优点,即使在Bn/Sn子嵌段内存在这在工业条件下的阴离子聚合中难以避免的组成梯度,B/S嵌段整体表现为实际上完美的无规聚合物。为此可加入小于理论量的路易斯碱。这增加了1,4二烯键接的比例,降低了玻璃化转变温度Tg,并减小了聚合物交联的倾向。一些比例的子嵌段可给出高的二烯分数。其具有的效果为甚至低于主要B/S嵌段的玻璃化转变温度时聚合物保持残留抗冲强度且不完全变脆。
上文给出的所有重量和体积信息涉及单体组合丁二烯/苯乙烯。然而,可容易地再计算该信息,以应用于技术上相当于苯乙烯和丁二烯的其它单体。
嵌段共聚物可通过用醇如异丙醇质子化碳负离子,例如用CO2和水的混合物酸化反应混合物,除去溶剂而后处理。嵌段共聚物可包含氧化抑制剂和防结块剂。
还可使用上述抗冲改性剂的混合物。
基于这些原料,官能化产物优选经由用官能化单体接枝而获得。优选使用丙烯酸、富马酸、柠檬酸或马来酸酐。接枝可在溶液或熔体中进行。优选暴露于引发剂(过氧化物、偶氮化合物、产生C-自由基剂)而在熔体中改性。
当然还可使用上文列出的橡胶类型的混合物。
可提及的纤维状或粒状填料C)为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玻璃珠、无定形硅石、硅酸钙、偏硅酸钙、碳酸镁、高岭土、白垩、粉状石英、云母、硫酸钡和长石,其中这些填料的用量为1-50重量%,尤其是2-40重量%,优选3-30重量%。
可提及的优选纤维状填料为碳纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维和钛酸钾纤维,其中特别优选呈E玻璃形式的玻璃纤维。这些填料可以市售形式的粗纱或短切玻璃的形式使用。
纤维状填料可用硅烷化合物表面预处理,以改进与热塑性塑料的相容性。
合适的硅烷化合物为如下通式的那些:
(X-(CH2)n)k-Si-(O-CmH2m+1)4-k
其中取代基为:
n为2-10,优选3-4的整数
m为1-5,优选1-2的整数
k为1-3的整数,优选1。
优选的硅烷化合物为氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、氨基丁基三甲氧基硅烷、氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、氨基丁基三乙氧基硅烷,以及包含缩水甘油基作为取代基X的对应硅烷。
用于表面涂覆的硅烷化合物的通常用量为0.01-2重量%,优选0.025-1.0重量%,尤其是0.05-0.5重量%(基于C)。
针状矿物填料也是合适的。
对本发明而言,针状矿物填料为具有非常显著针状特征的矿物填料。可提及的实例为针状硅灰石。矿物的L/D(长度/直径)比例优选为8∶1-35∶1,优选8∶1-11∶1。合适的话,矿物填料可用上述硅烷化合物预处理;然而,该处理并不是必需的。
可提及的其它填料为高岭土、煅烧高岭土、硅灰石、滑石和白垩,以及层状或针状的纳米填料,其中优选量为0.1-10%。这里优选使用的那些填料为勃姆石、膨润土、蒙脱土、蛭石、锂蒙脱石和合成锂皂石(laponit)。层状纳米填料根据现有技术有机改性,以获得层状纳米填料与有机粘合剂的良好相容性。将层状或针状纳米填料加入本发明纳米复合材料导致了机械强度的进一步升高。
本发明模塑组合物优选包含滑石作为组分C),其中滑石为组成为Mg3[(OH)2/Si4O10]或3MgO·4SiO2·H2O的水合硅酸镁。这些“三层页状硅酸盐”具有带层状习性的三斜晶系、单斜晶系或正交晶系晶体结构。可存在的其它痕量元素为Mn、Ti、Cr、Ni、Na和K,且OH基团在一定程度上可由氟离子替换。
特别优选使用包含99.5%颗粒的粒度<20μm的滑石。粒度分布通常经由沉降分析法DIN 6616-1测定且优选为:
<20μm 99.5重量%
<10μm 99重量%
<5μm 85重量%
<3μm 60重量%
<2μm 43重量%
这类产物可以Micro-Talc I.T.extra(Omya)市购。
本发明模塑组合物包含0.2-5重量%,优选0.25-4重量%,尤其是0.3-3重量%至少一种润滑剂作为组分D)。优选具有10-40个,优选16-22个碳原子的饱和或不饱和的脂族羧酸与具有2-40个,优选2-6个碳原子的饱和脂族醇或胺的酯或酰胺。
羧酸可为一元或二元的。可提及的实例为壬酸、棕榈酸、月桂酸、十七烷酸、十二烷二酸、山萮酸,特别优选硬脂酸、癸酸以及褐煤酸(具有30-40个碳原子的脂肪酸的混合物)。
脂族醇可为一元至四元。醇的实例为正丁醇、正辛醇、硬脂醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、新戊二醇、季戊四醇,这里优选甘油和季戊四醇。
脂族胺可为一至三官能的。这里实例为硬脂胺、乙二胺、丙二胺、六亚甲基二胺、二(6-氨基己基)胺,其中特别优选乙二胺和六亚甲基二胺。优选的酯或酰胺为对应的甘油二硬脂酸酯、甘油三硬脂酸酯、乙二胺二硬脂酰胺(ethylendiamin-distearat)、甘油单棕榈酸酯、甘油三月桂酸酯、甘油单山萮酸酯和季戊四醇四硬脂酸酯。
还可使用各种酯或酰胺的混合物,或酯与酰胺以任何所需混合比例组合的混合物。
根据本发明,将至少一种导电性添加剂用作组分E)。优选仅使用一种导电性添加剂,但是合适的话也可使用两种或更多种导电性添加剂。合适的导电性添加剂的实例为碳纳米管、石墨或导电炭黑。优选将碳纳米管用作本发明模塑组合物中的组分E)。
对本发明而言,碳纳米管为含碳的大分子,其中碳(主要)具有石墨结构且各石墨层具有管状排列。纳米管及其合成已被预先公开在文献(例如J.Hu等人,Acc.Chem.Res.32(1999),435-445)中。对本发明而言,原则上可使用任何类型的纳米管。
单个管状石墨层(石墨管)的直径优选为4-12nm,尤其是5-10nm。原则上,纳米管可划分为已知的单壁纳米管(SWNT)和多壁纳米管(MWNT)。为此MWNT具有多个堆积(stacked)的石墨管。
此外,管的外部形式可变化,且其内外可具有均匀的直径,但是还可产生呈结的形状的管并产生蠕虫状结构。
纵横比(特定石墨管的长度相对于其直径)为至少>10,优选>5。纳米管的长度为至少10nm。对本发明而言,优选MWNT作为组分E)。尤其是,MWNT的纵横比为约1000∶1且其平均长度为约10 000nm。
BET比表面积通常为50-2000m2/g,优选200-1200m2/g。HRTEM显示催化制备工艺过程中产生杂质(如金属氧化物)的量通常为0.1-12%,优选0.2-10%。
合适的“多壁”纳米管可从Hyperion Catalysis Int.,Cambridge MA(美国)购买(还参见EP 205 556、EP 969 128、EP 270 666、US 6,844,061)。
所用导电性炭黑可为任何通用形式的炭黑,其中合适产品的实例为可从Akzo市购的Ketjenblack 300。
导电改性还可通过使用导电炭黑实现。炭黑利用嵌入无定型碳中的石墨层传导电子(F.Camona,Ann.Chim.Fr.13,395(1988))。电在由炭黑颗粒组成的聚集体内以及如果聚集体之间距离足够小时在聚集体之间传导。为了在最小化的加入量下实现导电性,优选使用具有各向异性结构的炭黑(G.Wehner,Advances in Plastics Technology,APT 2005,Paper 11,Katowice 2005)。在这类炭黑中,初级颗粒缔合产生各向异性结构,其中结果为甚至在较低负载下,实现导电所必需的炭黑颗粒之间的距离在配混材料中实现(C.Van Bellingen,N.Probst,E.Grivei,Advances in PlasticsTechnology,APT 2005,Paper 13,Katowice 2005)。
作为实例,合适类型炭黑的吸油量(根据ASTM D2414-01测量)为至少60ml/100g,优选超过90ml/100g。合适产品的BET表面积超过50m2/g,优选超过60m2/g(根据ASTM D3037-89测量)。在炭黑表面上可存在各种官能团。导电炭黑可通过各种方法制备(G.Wehner,Advances in PlasticsTechnology,APT 2005,Paper 11,Katowice 2005)。
还可使用石墨作为导电添加剂。石墨为碳的一种形式,其例如描述在A.F.Hollemann,E.Wieberg,N.Wieberg,“Lehrbuch der anorganischenChemie”[无机化学教材],第91-100版,第701-702页中。石墨由相互叠加的平面炭黑层组成。石墨可通过研磨粉碎。粒度为0.01μm至1mm,优选1-250μm。
本发明模塑组合物中组分E)的比例基于模塑组合物的总重量为0.5-15重量%,优选1-14重量%,特别优选1.5-13重量%。
本发明热塑性模塑组合物可包含至多30重量%,优选至多25重量%量的其它加入的材料,如稳定剂、氧化抑制剂、对抗由于热的分解和由于紫外光的分解的试剂、润滑剂和脱模剂、着色剂如染料和颜料、成核剂、增塑剂等作为组分F)。
可提及的氧化抑制剂和热稳定剂的实例为浓度基于热塑性模塑组合物的重量为至多1重量%的空间位阻酚和/或亚磷酸盐,氢醌,芳族仲胺如二苯胺,这些组的各种取代成员,以及它们的混合物。
可提及的以及通常以基于模塑组合物至多2重量%的量使用的UV稳定剂为各种取代的间苯二酚、水杨酸酯、苯并三唑和二苯甲酮。
可加入的着色剂为无机颜料,如二氧化钛、群青蓝、氧化铁和炭黑,以及有机颜料如酞菁、喹吖啶酮和二萘嵌苯(perylene),以及染料如苯胺黑和蒽醌。
可使用的成核剂为苯基亚膦酸钠、钒土、硅石,优选滑石。
优选的稳定剂是量为至多2重量%,优选0.5-1.5重量%,尤其是0.7-1重量%的通式I的芳族仲胺:
其中
m和n=0或1,
A和B=C1-C4烷基-或苯基取代的叔C原子,
R1和R2=氢或在邻位或对位的C1-C6烷基,合适的话C1-C6烷基可由1-3个苯基、卤素、羧基或该羧基的过渡金属盐取代,
和
R3和R4如果m+n为1,则为氢或在邻位或对位的甲基,或如果m+n为0或1,则为合适的话可被1-3个苯基取代的在邻位或对位的叔C3-C9烷基。
优选基团A或B为对称取代的叔碳原子,其中特别优选二甲基取代的叔碳。同样优选具有1-3个苯基作为取代基的叔碳原子。
优选基团R1或R2为对叔丁基或四甲基取代的正丁基,其中甲基可优选由1-3个苯基替换。优选卤素为氯和溴。过渡金属的实例为可与R1或R2=羧基形成过渡金属盐的那些。
对于m+n=2,优选基团R3或R4为氢,对于m+n=0或1,优选基团R3或R4为尤其可被1-3个苯基取代的在邻位或对位的叔丁基。
芳族仲胺D)的实例为:
4,4’-二(α,α’-叔辛基)二苯胺
4,4’-二(α,α-二甲基苄基)二苯胺
4,4’-二(α-甲基二苯甲基)二苯胺
4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)4’-三苯基甲基二苯胺
4,4’-二(α,α-对三甲基苄基)二苯胺
2,4,4’-三(α,α-二甲基苄基)二苯胺
2,2’-二溴-4,4’-二(α,α-二甲基苄基)二苯胺
4,4’-二(α,α-二甲基苄基)-2-羧基二苯胺(diphenylamini)-镍-4,4’-二(α,α-二甲基苄基)二苯胺
2-仲丁基-4,4’-二(α,α-二甲基苄基)二苯胺
4,4’-二(α,α-二甲基苄基)-2-(α-甲基庚基)二苯胺
2-(α-甲基戊基)-4,4’-二(三苯甲基)二苯胺
4-α,α-二甲基苄基-4’-异丙氧基二苯胺
2-(α-甲基庚基)-4’-(α,α-二甲基苄基)二苯胺
2-(α-甲基戊基)-4’-三苯甲基二苯胺
4,4’-二(叔丁基)二苯胺,和:
将描述在BE-A 67/05 00 120和CA-A 9 63 594中的方法用于制备。优选的芳族仲胺为二苯胺及其衍生物,其可以Naugard(Uniroyal)市购。优选将这些芳族仲胺与至多2000ppm,优选100-2000ppm,优选200-500ppm,尤其是200-400ppm至少一种包含磷的无机酸或其衍生物组合。
优选的酸为次磷酸、亚磷酸或磷酸,以及其与碱金属,特别优选钠和钾的盐。特别优选的混合物为比例为3∶1-1∶3的次磷酸和亚磷酸或其各自的碱金属盐。这些酸的有机衍生物优选为上述酸的酯衍生物。
本发明热塑性模塑组合物可通过本身已知的方法,通过使原料在常规混合设备如螺杆挤出机、Brabender混合器或班伯里混合器中混合,然后将它们挤出而制备。可将挤出物冷却并粉碎。还可预混合单个组分,然后单独和/或同样以混合物加入剩余原料。混合温度通常为230-320℃。
在另一优选操作方法中,可使组分B)-E)和合适的话F)与预聚物混合,配混并造粒。然后在低于组分A)的熔点的温度下在惰性气体中将所得粒料固相连续或分批压缩,直至达到所需粘度。
本发明热塑性模塑组合物的特征在于良好的韧性和良好的断裂能,以及良好的刚度(吸水时少量降低),以及显著改进的耐热性和低的线性膨胀系数。
这些材料适合生产纤维、箔和任何类型的模制品。一些实例如下:汽缸罩盖、摩托车罩、进气总管、空气冷却板(charge-air cooler cap)、插塞式连接器、齿轮、冷却扇、冷却水箱。
在汽车内部用于仪表板、转向柱开关、座位组件、头枕、中心控制台、齿轮箱组件和门组件,在汽车外部用于门把手、外部反光镜组件、风挡刮水器组件、风挡刮水器保护罩、格栅、车顶纵梁、可开式车顶、发动机罩、汽缸罩盖、进气总管、风挡刮水器,以及外部车体部件如车轮外包层(wheelsurround)、门覆层、后挡板、阻流板、侧面组件、车顶组件和发动机盖。
实施例:
制备和试验模塑组合物
样品的耐热性根据ISO 306(Vicat B)(负荷50N,升温:50K/小时,使用ISO样品)测定。带凹槽的产品的抗冲性根据ISO 179 1eA测定。
材料的刚度经由在根据ISO 527的拉伸试验中测定的弹性模量表征。为了促进水分的吸收,将试验样品在70℃/70%相对湿度下储存14天,然后在进行拉伸试验前(24小时)储存以平衡。
表面电阻率根据IEC 60093,在标准条件(23℃/50%相对湿度)下,使用由导电银漆组成的电极(长度=50mm/间距=5mm)和反电极测量。测量之前,在标准条件(23℃/50%相对湿度)下将样品储存7天。
组分A1
将半芳族尼龙-6/6,其VN根据ISO 307为130ml/g的T共聚酰胺(比例为30∶70)用作组分A1。
组分Acomp。
尼龙-6,6,如UltramidA3,经由150ml/g粘数表征(在浓度为1重量%的硫酸中测量)。
组分B1
组分B2
用0.7重量%马来酸/马来酸酐改性的乙烯-丙烯橡胶,经由3g/10分钟的MFI值表征(在230℃下用2.16kg测量)。
组分C
滑石,如购自Omya.的IT Extra,X10=1.7μm,X90=10.8μm(借助激光散射测量,矿物已经在去离子水/1%CV K8(由CV-Chemievertrieb,Hanover销售)的表面活性剂混合物中在悬浮池中均化(磁力搅拌器,60rpm))。
组分D1
组分D2
季戊四醇四硬脂酸酯
组分E1
购自Timcal的Ensaco 250导电炭黑,经由170kg/m3的孔隙率表征,根据ASTM D1539-99测定。
组分E2
在组分A1中包含20重量%购自Hyperion Catalysis的纳米管的配混材料,经由根据ISO 1133,在300℃下用21.6kg测定的170ml/10′的MVR(根据ISO 1133测定)表征。
组分E2comp
在组分Acomp中包含20重量%购自Hyperion Catalysis的纳米管的配混材料,经由38ml/10′的MVR(ISO 1133,在275℃和5kg下)表征。
将如下产品用于对比:
生产产品
将组分在300-320℃的熔体温度下,在双螺杆挤出机中混合。使熔体通过水浴并造粒。
试验样品在330℃的熔体温度(Noryl GTX 979和基于UltramidA3的对比例:295℃)和在100℃的成型温度下生产。
表1列出了试验结果和模塑组合物的组分:
表1
模塑组合物 | 对比1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 对比5 |
A1 | 74 | 67.5 | 65.5 | 67.5 | - |
Acomp | - | - | - | - | 67.5 |
B1 | 16 | 14.5 | 14.5 | - | 14.5 |
B2 | - | - | - | 14.5 | - |
C | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 |
D1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
D2 | - | - | - | - | - |
E1 | - | 8 | 10 | 8 | 8 |
E2 | - | - | - | - | - |
F1 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.78 |
F2 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Vicat B[℃] | 164 | 175 | 177 | 180 | 195 |
MVI[ml/10’] | 32.0 | 13.0 | 6.7 | 10.2 | 未检测 |
抗冲强度,RT[kJ/m2] | 13.1 | 10.9 | 9.9 | 9.2 | 8.2 |
弹性模量,干[MPa] | 2968 | 3227 | 3340 | 3400 | 3200 |
弹性模量,湿[MPa] | 3010 | 3340 | 3390 | 3450 | 2480 |
表面电阻率[ohms] | >1015 | 2*1012 | 3*1010 | 2*1012 | 3*1013 |
表2
模塑组合物 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Noryl |
A1 | 60 | 59.7 | 59.7 | - | |
Acomp | - | - | - | 59.7 | |
B1 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
B2 | - | - | - | - | |
C | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 8.7 | |
D1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | - | 0.3 | |
D2 | - | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.5 | |
E1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |
E2 | 10 | 10 | 10 | - | |
E2comp | 10 | ||||
F1 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.78 | |
F2 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | |
Vicat B[℃] | 171 | 173 | 172 | 193 | 183 |
MVI[ml/10’] | 11.5 | 17.2 | 16.5 | 未检测 | 未检测 |
抗冲强度,RT[kJ/m2] | 8.8 | 10.9 | 8.7 | 6.9 | 19 |
弹性模量,干[MPa] | 3240 | 3190 | 3160 | 3050 | 2175 |
弹性模量,湿[MPa] | 3345 | 3270 | 3240 | 2380 | 1330 |
表面电阻率[ohms] | 4*1010 | 7*109 | 2*1010 | 3*1012 | 1*1013 |
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1的热塑性模塑组合物,包含含有如下物质的共聚物作物组分B):
B11)35-80重量%乙烯,
B12)19.8-63重量%1-辛烯或1-丁烯或丙烯或它们的混合物,
B4)0.2-2重量%烯属不饱和一元或二元羧酸,或这种酸的官能衍生物,其中所述官能衍生物为一元羧酸的叔烷基酯、二元羧酸的单酯或具有至多20个碳原子的二元羧酸的酐。
3.根据权利要求1或2的热塑性模塑组合物,包含具有10-40个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂族羧酸与具有2-40个碳原子的饱和脂族醇或胺的酯或酰胺作为润滑剂D)。
4.根据权利要求1或2的热塑性模塑组合物,包含碳纳米管或炭黑或石墨或它们的混合物作为组分E)。
5.根据权利要求3的热塑性模塑组合物,包含碳纳米管或炭黑或石墨或它们的混合物作为组分E)。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的热塑性模塑组合物在生产纤维、箔和任何类型的模制品中的用途。
7.由根据权利要求1-5中任一项的热塑性模塑组合物获得的纤维、箔或模制品。
8.由根据权利要求1-5中任一项的热塑性模塑组合物获得的机动车车体部件。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06117853.9 | 2006-07-26 | ||
EP06117853 | 2006-07-26 | ||
PCT/EP2007/057352 WO2008012233A2 (de) | 2006-07-26 | 2007-07-17 | Thermoplastische formmassen mit hoher steifigkeit |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN101495575A CN101495575A (zh) | 2009-07-29 |
CN101495575B true CN101495575B (zh) | 2011-07-13 |
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US (1) | US7919013B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2049597B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5431153B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101422585B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101495575B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE458789T1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE502007002951D1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008012233A2 (zh) |
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KR20130130749A (ko) * | 2010-12-20 | 2013-12-02 | 바스프 에스이 | 개선된 저온 인성을 갖는 스티렌 공중합체 및 폴리아미드 기재 열가소성 성형 조성물 |
US9721695B2 (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2017-08-01 | Basf Se | Thermoplastic molding composition |
EP2468812A1 (de) * | 2010-12-21 | 2012-06-27 | Basf Se | Thermoplastische Formmasse |
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IL288929B (en) | 2012-02-17 | 2022-09-01 | Alcresta Inc | Methods, preparations and devices for supplying dietary fatty acid needs |
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CN104140672A (zh) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-11-12 | 温州科力塑业有限公司 | 一种导电尼龙组合物及其制备方法 |
WO2016012367A1 (en) | 2014-07-22 | 2016-01-28 | Basf Se | Modification of carbon particles |
US10258590B2 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2019-04-16 | Alcresta Therapeutics, Inc. | Enteral feeding device and related methods of use |
BR112018010719B1 (pt) * | 2015-12-01 | 2022-08-16 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc | Composições de resina de poliamida e artigos moldados |
KR20220033526A (ko) | 2016-08-23 | 2022-03-16 | 바스프 에스이 | 압출에 의한 강화 폴리아미드의 제조 방법 |
US10968340B1 (en) * | 2017-01-31 | 2021-04-06 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Electrically conductive, high strength, high temperature polymer composite for additive manufacturing |
US11045396B2 (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2021-06-29 | Alcresta Therapeutics, Inc. | Devices and methods for the supplementation of a nutritional formula |
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WO2021048123A1 (en) | 2019-09-11 | 2021-03-18 | Basf Se | Polyamide composition comprising carbon black |
CN117120549A (zh) * | 2021-04-12 | 2023-11-24 | 尤尼吉可株式会社 | 聚酰胺树脂组合物 |
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- 2007-07-17 AT AT07787618T patent/ATE458789T1/de active
- 2007-07-17 WO PCT/EP2007/057352 patent/WO2008012233A2/de active Application Filing
- 2007-07-17 US US12/374,954 patent/US7919013B2/en active Active
- 2007-07-17 JP JP2009521214A patent/JP5431153B2/ja active Active
- 2007-07-17 KR KR1020097003860A patent/KR101422585B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-07-17 EP EP07787618A patent/EP2049597B1/de active Active
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Also Published As
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EP2049597B1 (de) | 2010-02-24 |
US20100019210A1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
EP2049597A2 (de) | 2009-04-22 |
CN101495575A (zh) | 2009-07-29 |
JP5431153B2 (ja) | 2014-03-05 |
KR101422585B1 (ko) | 2014-07-24 |
WO2008012233A2 (de) | 2008-01-31 |
JP2009544780A (ja) | 2009-12-17 |
KR20090037958A (ko) | 2009-04-16 |
US7919013B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 |
ATE458789T1 (de) | 2010-03-15 |
WO2008012233A3 (de) | 2008-07-24 |
DE502007002951D1 (de) | 2010-04-08 |
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