CN101456447B - 用周围的水冷却的电动船 - Google Patents

用周围的水冷却的电动船 Download PDF

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CN101456447B
CN101456447B CN2008101886391A CN200810188639A CN101456447B CN 101456447 B CN101456447 B CN 101456447B CN 2008101886391 A CN2008101886391 A CN 2008101886391A CN 200810188639 A CN200810188639 A CN 200810188639A CN 101456447 B CN101456447 B CN 101456447B
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flow channel
drive shaft
electric motor
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于尔根·格里梅森
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种电动船，包括使用者至少半躺在或站在它上面的船体(10)、在船体(10)内延伸的流动通道(8)、由电动机(3)驱动的船用螺旋浆(2)，其中，船体含有至少部分安装在流动通道(8)中的电动机(3)和电池(5、6)以及用于电动机的控制器(4)和船用螺旋浆(2)。这种电动船尤其可采取下列措施保持高效率：所述电动机(3)设计为内转子电动机；定子(21)借助导热装置(22)与电动机(3)的安装壳(3.5)导热接触；安装壳(3.5)至少部分在为导热装置(22)配设的区域内用导热材料制造；以及，安装壳(3.5)至少部分设置在流动通道(8)内，其中，所述转子(20)和定子(21)装在相对于周围环境防水的封闭安装壳(3.5)内；所述驱动轴(3.1)经由一密封盒(40)地从安装壳(3.5)伸出；该密封盒(40)借助至少两个密封圈(3.3)密封所述驱动轴(3.1)；以及，所述密封盒(40)可沿轴向调整地在不同的装配位置与所述驱动轴(3.1)相配置。

Description

用周围的水冷却的电动船
本申请是申请号为200580034863.X、申请日为2005年10月7日的原申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动船，包括使用者至少半躺在或站在它上面的船体、在船体内延伸的流动通道、由电动机驱动的船用螺旋桨，其中，船体含有至少部分安装在流动通道中的电动机、电池以及用于电动机的控制器和船用螺旋桨。
背景技术
由WO96/30087已知这种类型的电动船。在那里，使用者躺在船体上，以及在流动通道内的船用螺旋桨通过由电池供电的电动机驱动，将水流吸入流动通道并逆电动船行驶方向地排出。
水流可以避开使用者，以及水流也可以按船体的形状在使用者旁经过。这使得借助该电动船游泳和潜水更加容易。
电动船的这种设计结构复杂以及从维护方面看对使用者并不方便。电动机通过一个传动装置与船用螺旋桨接合。在船体内部冷却电动机，以保持电动机的工作能力。这种电动船的功率比较有限。除此之外，因为结构复杂重量大因而并不轻便。
发明内容
本发明的目的是创造一种前言所述类型的具有高效率的电动船。
为达到本发明的目的采取的措施是，电动机设计为内转子电动机；电动机定子借助导热装置与电动机的安装壳导热接触；安装壳至少部分在为导热装置配设的区域内用导热材料制造；以及，安装壳至少部分设置在流动通道内，则也可以保证高效率持续运行。如此设计的电动机能将其热量可靠地排给流水。在这里所述的导热性保证明确而快速地散热。按所述的配置，还可以免去附加的冷却装置，从而显著降低电动船的构件成本。同理，在需要的情况下包括开关电路和必要时功率部分的电子控制器也可以在水中冷却。
优选地，电子设备和电动机构成一个单元，在此单元中这些部件必要时可以热耦合。按本发明一项优选的设计可以规定，导热装置设计为导热的浇铸材料，它与安装壳材料相连地连接。
以此方式在电动机的定子与安装壳之间形成良好的传热。
为了使电动机能以简单的方式改造为不同的功率级，可以规定电动机的外壳构成定子安装座，安装座中可以装入组合件类型不同的定子，其中，定子根据不同的功率范围沿转子驱动轴的轴向有不同长度。
为了达到可靠密封安装壳，转子和定子装在相对于周围环境防水的封闭安装壳内；驱动轴经由一密封盒从安装壳伸出；密封盒借助至少两个密封圈密封驱动轴；以及，密封盒可沿轴向调整地在不同的装配位置与驱动轴配置。可移位的密封盒使密封圈可以配置在轴不同的区域。这在密封圈经一定时间工作后进入了驱动轴的表面内并因而出现渗漏危险时是需要的。
可以采取下列措施延长驱动轴使用寿命：对在上面滑动密封圈的驱动轴工作面进行表面调质处理，尤其镀硬质材料层。
通过在两个密封圈之间或优选地在有冗余的密封圈之后设渗漏传感器，可以实施方便的渗漏监测。
按照本发明的优选设计，当采用电池时，电池装在一个防水的或不透水的外壳内以及至少部分与外壳导热接触；该外壳至少部分用能导热的材料制成；以及，该外壳与流水导热接触。
在这里应强调指出，术语“电池”也可理解为蓄电池。在这里，在高电动机功率时必然形成的电池发热能可靠地和以简单的方式散发给水。水可用作实际上无限的冷源。
为了能向水有效传热，可优选地规定，外壳至少部分用铝制成。在这里，铝材还尤其在海水内有足够的防腐能力。为了即使在有故障的情况下仍能保持足够的使用可靠性，按一种可能的发明方案规定，电池的电压小于或等于60V。在这种情况下，如下面的例子所说明的那样，按本发明的冷却特别适用于排出形成的热量。
当驱动轴输出功率4kW和驱动系统总效率约85％(电动机90％+电子设备5％＝总效率85％)时，从电池吸收的功率为4.7kW。整个系统在45V/可能的持续电流超过100A的情况下发热。也就是说，尽管达到技术上的高效率仍必须有效地冷却700W。
另一项按本发明的设计其特征可在于，有电池的外壳至少部分装在流动通道的区域内。在此区域内存在体积流量大的冷水，它有助于有效冷却。
按本发明另一项优选的设计可以规定，装有电池的外壳装在一个成形在船体下侧的凹槽内，该凹槽至少部分设置在流动通道和流动通道入流口之外；以及，外壳至少在左舷侧和右舷侧和/或龙骨侧部分设置在流水中。按所述的配置可以造成大面积的水入流。
电动船的重量配衡鉴于优化重心可采取如下简单的措施得到支持，即，令外壳大约在船体船首与船尾之间形成的中间区朝船首方向延伸。
电池为了充电过程能方便地接触到或取出，以及可以用一个新的包括充好电的电池的外壳替换。因此这种电动船准备好随时可供使用者方便地使用，这对于出租站是特别有利的。放电池的外壳是防水的以及优选地还有防水的充电插座。
按本发明还可以规定将船用螺旋桨、电动机和电动机控制器组合为一个水下单元，以及将它安装在流动通道内。这导致大大简化这些构件尤其船体的结构和电动船的维护。
若按一项设计规定，船体在流动通道上方有一个用于使用者的卧躺面或平台，则它可以使用于两种应用类型。所述的结构设计还可以采取措施进一步简化，即，将流动通道一体地成形在船体内。
业已证实一项设计是特别有利的，该设计的特征在于，流动通道从在船体船首区内的流入口开始，和在船体船尾区内的流出口结束；以及，作为推力和吸力设备的水下驱动单元安装在该流动通道内。
对于电动船用于卧躺或站立这两种不同应用类型而言一项设计是有利的，该设计的特征在于，为水下驱动单元配设遥控器，它可取下地装在船体上以及可通过无线传输路径与所述水下单元的控制器作用连接。
为便于水下驱动单元的维护或修理附加地规定，船体在水下驱动单元下方，在流动通道内，有一块可打开的板、活门之类，通过它构成去水下单元的入口。
按本发明一种优选的设计方案可以规定，在流动通道内沿流动方向在船用螺旋桨前或后为船用螺旋桨配设一水流定子，它至少部分地使在流动通道内产生的旋转水流变直。水流定子接受被船用螺旋桨加速的水的旋转运动并将其转换成一附加的推力。所造成的喷射水束在没有损耗推力的螺旋状旋转水流的情况下撞击到周围的水上，由此得到高效率的有效运行。水流定子优选位置固定地直接与船体连接。
若规定水流定子有许多同心地排列在流动通道内的导向叶片，则得到一种结构方式简单的水流定子。导向叶片可绕一个圆锥体有利于流动地排列。
为了达到最佳地加速在流动通道内运动的水可以规定，水流定子设置在流动通道的一个横截面逐渐缩小的排水喷嘴(扩压器)区域内。
附图说明
下面借助附图表示的电动船实施例详细说明本发明，附图中：
图1表示电动船侧视图；以及
图2表示电动船的电动机剖切侧视图。
具体实施方式
船体10的外轮廓与由WO96/30087已知的电动船船体外轮廓基本一致。
流动通道8从船首区内的入流口11一直延伸到在船体10船尾区内的流出口12。在这里，入流口11从船体10中部起朝船首方向延伸。在入流口11和流出口12的区域内略向下弯曲的流动通道8内，装入一个由水流定子1、电动机3、船用螺旋桨2和电动机控制器4构成的水下驱动单元。在这里水流定子1位置固定地与船体10连接。它的任务是，使在流动通道8内产生的旋转水流尽可能无扭转地直线定向。由此达到提高效率。此电动船可以设计为，使它可以毫无顾虑地在流水中使用。因此船体10在流动通道8外面可以自由漂泊，以及设计得尽可能简单，但尽管如此仍能尽可能有利于流动和便于使用者地构造。
流动通道8可以一体地成形在船体10中。在本实施例中，流动通道8由上半壳10.1和下半壳10.2构成。这些构件借助适用的固定装置互相连接。为了维护水下驱动单元，流动通道8可通过拆除下半壳10.2进入。但也可以在水下驱动单元下方设板、活门之类，借助它构成去往水下驱动单元的入口。在船体10上半壳10.1的船首区内，在下侧成形一个凹槽区13，其中可拆卸地装入一个装有电池5和6的外壳9。具有可充电的电池5和6的外壳9可以方便而快速地更换，以及可以用一个带有充好电的电池5和6的外壳9替换，所以此电动船始终处于可使用状态。
流动通道8入流口11的区域可借助外壳9遮挡成，能防止自由接触到转子2，但可以输送有足够体积流量的水。采取这种简单的措施达到，转子2只有在拆除外壳9时，也就是只有在电动机3无电流时才能被接近够到。
还可以规定，借助装在入流口和/或流出口区域内的阻挡件，防止进出流动通道8。
外壳9就流水而言沿其两侧(左舷和右舷)和在龙骨侧放入水中，以及在这里可以最佳冷却，以排除工作中电池5和6被不允许加热的可能性。
若使用者躺在船体10上，则他可以抓住手柄7或手柄凹槽中。在一个或两个手柄元件7内组合一个手控制器14的操作机构。
同理，也可以设无线遥控器。它通过无线电系统与电动机控制器4连接。与电动机控制器4通信的手控制器14固定在船体10上使用者的视野内。若使用者站在船体10上，则手控制器14可以从船体10取下并使用。在手控制器14内可以显示不同的运行状态，例如当前航速、吃水深或电池5和6的充电程度。
电动机设计为内转子电动机。它直接装入流动通道8内，并在这里将它的热量排放给流水，如后面还要详细说明的那样。
同样，可以包括功率电路和/或微处理器的电动机控制器也可以装在流动通道8内并在这里冷却。与之不同，电动机控制器4也可以在流动通道8外部装入水中。
图2详细表示电动机3。据此，电动机3有一驱动轴3.1，后者借助两个轴承3.2支承。驱动轴3.1在一个轴端设有一个其上安装船用螺旋桨2的配合段。船用螺旋桨2在这里通过一基体2.1固定在驱动轴3.1上。基体2.1上有供桨叶2.2插装入其中的插座。
为了将桨叶2.2固定在插座内使用一个盖2.3。该盖2.3用螺钉(螺钉2.4)与基体2.1连接。
驱动轴3.1端侧有一个螺纹段3.4。一个螺母可以旋在该螺纹段上并因而固定船用螺旋桨2。
所述驱动轴上安装有设计为内转子式驱动电动机的一个转子20。为它配设一个位置固定的定子21。定子21借助一个设计为浇铸材料的导热装置22与安装壳3.5的内壁浇铸在一起。
安装壳3.5可借助一个装在驱动轴3.1背对船用螺旋桨2那一端的外壳盖3.10封闭。在背对外壳盖3.10那一端，一外壳部分3.6封闭安装壳3.5(螺旋3.7)。外壳盖3.10和外壳部分3.6有用于两个轴承3.2的轴承座。
在安装壳3.5内构成一个定子安装座3.11。它沿一个比定子21覆盖的区域大的范围延伸。这种结构方式也允许装入更大的定子21(和转子20)，从而可以形成不同的功率方案。
在外壳部分3.6的区域内，在驱动轴3.1上安装一钟状的部分外壳30。在部分外壳30围绕的空腔内部装有一个密封盒40。后者围绕驱动轴3.1和借助三个密封圈3.3(径向的轴密封圈)密封驱动轴3.1。密封盒40与外壳部分3.6在以一个定距垫片3.8作为夹层的情况下密封连接(螺钉3.9)。
部分外壳30与安装壳3.5密封连接。为此，部分外壳30与密封盒40夹紧(螺钉45)。
由图2可以看出，在密封圈3.3之间的区域内设有空隙，可安装在传感器安装座41内的传感器伸入其中。这些传感器在发生渗漏情况下检测侵入的水。
为防止密封圈3.3进入驱动轴3.1相配的工作面内，定距垫片3.8可以在一定的使用时间后用一个有不同厚度的定距垫片3.8替换。于是这些密封圈3.3到达轴的一个未使用过的区域内。由图2还可以看出，也可以仅移动面朝船用螺旋桨2的那个密封圈3.3(定距垫片43)。

Claims (6)

1.一种电动船，其包括使用者至少半躺在或站在它上面的船体、在船体内延伸的流动通道，其中，所述船体含有至少部分安装在所述流动通道中的电动机、电池以及用于电动机的控制器和由电动机驱动的船用螺旋桨，其特征为：所述电动机(3)设计为内转子电动机；定子(21)借助导热装置(22)与电动机(3)的安装壳(3.5)导热接触；安装壳(3.5)至少部分在为导热装置(22)配设的区域内用导热材料制造；以及，安装壳(3.5)至少部分设置在流动通道(8)内，其中，转子(20)和定子(21)装在相对于周围环境防水的封闭安装壳(3.5)内；所述转子(20)的驱动轴(3.1)经由一密封盒(40)地从安装壳(3.5)伸出；该密封盒(40)借助至少两个密封圈(3.3)密封所述驱动轴(3.1)；以及，所述密封盒(40)可沿轴向调整地在不同的装配位置与所述驱动轴(3.1)相配置。
2.按照权利要求1所述的电动船，其特征为，所述导热装置(22)设计为导热的浇铸材料，它与安装壳(3.5)材料相连地连接。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的电动船，其特征为，所述电动机(3)的外壳构成一定子安装座(3.11)，该安装座中可以装入组合件类型的、不同定子(21)，其中，定子(21)根据不同的功率范围沿所述驱动轴(3.1)的轴向有不同长度。
4.按照权利要求1所述的电动船，其特征为，所述有密封圈(3.3)在上面滑动的驱动轴(3.1)工作面经表面调质处理。
5.按照权利要求4所述的电动船，其特征为，所述有密封圈(3.3)在上面滑动的驱动轴(3.1)工作面是镀有硬质材料层。
6.按照权利要求1或4所述的电动船，其特征为，在两个密封圈之间或在有冗余的密封圈(3.3)之后设有渗漏传感器。
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EP1802524B1 (de) 2020-01-08
UA94573C2 (ru) 2011-05-25
CN101456447A (zh) 2009-06-17
JP2008515720A (ja) 2008-05-15
HK1131949A1 (en) 2010-02-12
CA2582579A1 (en) 2006-04-20
MA29006B1 (fr) 2007-11-01
US20080287016A1 (en) 2008-11-20
JP4873654B2 (ja) 2012-02-08
CA2582579C (en) 2014-01-07
MX2011010718A (es) 2011-10-28
CN101039839A (zh) 2007-09-19
AU2005293766B2 (en) 2009-09-24
EG25249A (en) 2011-11-22
US7963814B2 (en) 2011-06-21
AU2005293766A1 (en) 2006-04-20
CN101039839B (zh) 2011-01-12
RU2007117721A (ru) 2008-11-20
DE102004049615B4 (de) 2009-03-05
KR20070073783A (ko) 2007-07-10
WO2006040078A1 (de) 2006-04-20
RU2369519C2 (ru) 2009-10-10
KR101299442B1 (ko) 2013-09-02
ES2782326T3 (es) 2020-09-14
EP1802524A1 (de) 2007-07-04
IL182482A0 (en) 2007-07-24
MX2007004226A (es) 2007-10-03
IL182482A (en) 2011-04-28
ZA200702911B (en) 2008-08-27
BRPI0516065A (pt) 2008-08-19
SI1802524T1 (sl) 2020-07-31
DE102004049615A1 (de) 2006-04-13

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