CN101452895A - 半导体装置及其制造中使用的树脂粘接材料 - Google Patents

半导体装置及其制造中使用的树脂粘接材料 Download PDF

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CN101452895A
CN101452895A CNA2008101797519A CN200810179751A CN101452895A CN 101452895 A CN101452895 A CN 101452895A CN A2008101797519 A CNA2008101797519 A CN A2008101797519A CN 200810179751 A CN200810179751 A CN 200810179751A CN 101452895 A CN101452895 A CN 101452895A
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resin
semiconductor device
bonding material
semiconductor element
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丸尾哲正
南尾匡纪
糸井清一
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Abstract

在由封装主体和盖状部件构成的空腔部中安装半导体元件的半导体装置中,在高温且高湿的环境下施加热压力时,可防止在使封装主体和盖状部件紧贴的树脂粘接材料和封装主体或与盖状部件之间产生剥离。通过树脂粘接材料(13),将透明的盖状部件(12)紧贴于作为封装主体的陶瓷多层基板(11)上,构成空腔部(14),将半导体元件(15)紧贴于空腔部(14)的底部。树脂粘接材料(13)包含环氧树脂、聚合引发剂及填充材料,填充材料的含量为30wt%~60wt%。

Description

半导体装置及其制造中使用的树脂粘接材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种半导体元件、尤其是涉及一种如传感器元件或感光发光元件等安装于壳体内构成的半导体装置及其制造中使用的树脂粘接材料。
背景技术
以前,在安装由感光发光元件或发光元件构成的半导体激光元件及由发光二极管(LED:light emitting diode)、感光元件构成的CCD(chargecoupled device)及CMOS(complementary metal oxide semiconductor)等半导体元件的半导体装置中,采用在由封装主体和透明的盖状部件形成的中空结构的内部保持半导体元件,使用树脂粘接材料使封装主体和盖状部件紧贴的结构。并且,在安装声音、压力及加速度传感器元件等半导体元件的半导体装置中也相同,采用由封装主体和覆盖封装主体的盖状部件形成保持半导体元件的中空结构,使用树脂粘接材料使封装主体和盖状部件紧贴的结构。
下面,说明在现有的中空结构的内部安装半导体元件的CCD或CMOS等半导体装置。
CCD或CMOS等半导体装置由树脂粘接材料使封装主体和盖状部件紧贴来形成,以将摄像区域及形成多个焊盘的半导体元件安装在封装主体中形成的空腔部内,由透明的盖状部件覆盖安装半导体元件的空腔部。该结构首先在由环氧树脂等树脂或陶瓷构成的封装主体中形成的空腔部内的模片固定(die attach)面模片焊接(die bond)半导体元件,通过引线接合连接封装主体的连接端子和半导体元件的铝(Al)电极。之后,使用树脂粘接材料使封装主体和覆盖空腔部的透明盖状部件紧贴。通常,树脂粘接材料使用热固性树脂或紫外线固性树脂。
另外,在半导体元件的表面形成用于提高聚光率的被称为单片透镜的透镜。由于单片透镜由丙烯基系树脂构成,所以耐热性非常低。因此,若经过长时间加热,则透镜软化,透镜的形状变化。因此,在对用于使封装主体和盖状部件紧贴的树脂粘接材料加热时,尽可能在短时间且低温度下进行变得重要,所以使用紫外线固性树脂比热固性树脂多。另外,无论是否有单片透镜,从工作效率的观点出发,紫外线固性树脂比热固性树脂受关注。
紫外线固性树脂多使用包含环氧树脂、聚合引发剂及填充材料等的阳离子系紫外线固性树脂。尤其是,由于CCD时使用的玻璃粘接材料重视粘接性,所以大部分情况下,使用对紫外线(UV)照射的灵敏度高的聚合引发剂,即四(五氟苯基)硼酸二芳基碘鎓盐(diaryliodonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate)。并且,填充材料相对作为使封装主体和盖状部件紧贴的粘接成分的环氧树脂的比例变大(作为固态部分,为约25wt%以下)。
这样,在现有的CCD或CMOS等半导体装置中,由于单片透镜的耐热性低,所以即便对用于半导体装置制造的树脂粘接材料,也不重视对温度的特性,而只重视粘接性。可是,随着因单片透镜的材料改良、耐热性提高、并且CCD及CMOS等半导体装置在高温且高湿环境下使用的要求提高,即便对半导体装置及其制造中使用的树脂粘接材料,也期望在高温且高湿环境下,使耐热性及耐湿性提高。
另外,由于是在封装主体和盖状部件形成的空腔部中密封半导体元件的结构,所以空腔部中封入的湿气在封装主体和盖状部件紧贴后,在盖状部件的内侧产生结露,或在紫外线固性树脂固化时产生的气体引起半导体元件的布线部腐蚀。针对这种不良情况,提议在空腔部内配置吸湿性树脂,吸附湿气的结构(例如参照专利文献1)。
专利文献1:日本特开2004-22928号公报
可是,在现有的半导体装置中,存在如下问题:由于重视树脂粘接材料的粘接性,所以未考虑树脂粘接材料的固化特性及吸湿性,在高温且高湿环境下施加热压力时,在封装主体和树脂粘接材料之间及盖状部件和树脂粘接材料之间产生剥离。
剥离的成因在于因树脂粘接材料吸收水分,在树脂粘接材料和被粘接物的界面上粘接力降低,通过在该界面施加热压力而产生。树脂粘接材料的构成材料中的吸湿成分是树脂部分(从树脂粘接材料的构成材料中去除是无机物的固态部分的成分)。即含树脂部分多的树脂粘接材料容易吸收水分。
在封装主体和盖状部件形成的空腔部安装半导体元件的半导体装置中,存在如下问题:若产生剥离,则湿气容易通过剥离进入空腔部,在透明的盖状部件内侧产生结露,发生不良情况。并且,存在从树脂粘接材料游离的化合物因存在水分而引起空腔部内的金属布线部腐蚀,产生连接不良的问题。
用于防止剥离的对策之一,如专利文献1所示,具有在空腔部内配置吸湿物质的方法。由此,既便湿气进入封装主体和盖状部件形成的空腔部内,也通过空腔部内配置的吸湿物质吸附湿气,所以可抑制化合物从树脂粘接材料游离。但是,在封装内配置吸湿物质导致半导体装置大型化及成本提高。
发明内容
鉴于上述,本发明为了解决上述现有问题,其目的在于提供一种半导体装置及其使用的树脂粘接材料,既便在高温且高湿的环境下施加热压力,也可防止在封装主体和树脂粘接材料之间及树脂粘接材料和盖状部件之间产生剥离。
为了实现上述目的,本发明构成为半导体装置制造中使用的树脂粘接材料由环氧树脂、聚合引发剂及填充剂构成,作为固态部分的填充材料在树脂粘接材料中含30wt%~60wt%。
具体地,本发明的半导体装置其特征在于:以如下部件为对象,即半导体元件;使半导体元件紧贴于内侧,并且与半导体元件电连接的封装主体;覆盖半导体元件,并且与封装主体紧贴而形成中空结构的盖状部件;和使封装主体和盖状部件紧贴的紧贴部件,紧贴部件是包含环氧树脂、聚合引发剂及填充材料的树脂粘接材料,填充材料的含量为紧贴部件的30wt%~60wt%。
根据本发明的半导体装置,既便在高温且高湿环境下施加热压力,也由于使用填充材料的含量比以前高,且吸收水分的树脂部分的含量比以前低的树脂紧贴剂,所以树脂粘接材料难以吸收水分。因此,可抑制在封装主体和树脂粘接材料之间及盖状部件和树脂粘接材料之间产生剥离。结果,可得到可靠性高的半导体装置。
在本发明的半导体装置中,最好填充材料的含量为40wt%~50wt%。
由此,由于使用最佳条件的树脂粘接材料来制造半导体装置,所以既便在高温且高湿环境下施加热压力,也可进一步抑制剥离产生。
在本发明的半导体装置中,最好聚合引发剂是鎓类化合物(oniumcompound)。
另外,在本申请发明的半导体装置中,在聚合引发剂是鎓类化合物时,最好鎓类化合物是锍化物(sulfonium compound)。
另外,在本申请发明的半导体装置中,在聚合引发剂是锍化物时,最好锍化物含有卤素。
这样,树脂粘接材料更具有弹性,既便在施加热压力的情况下,也可吸收应力,可得到可靠性高的半导体装置。
在本发明的半导体装置中,最好封装主体是陶瓷基板。
这样,由于因陶瓷基板的吸湿率低,可使侵入空腔部的湿气减少,所以可得到可靠性更高的半导体装置。
在本发明的半导体装置中,最好封装主体是树脂基板。
这样,由于树脂基板比陶瓷基板重量轻,所以可得到重量更轻的半导体装置。因此,可有助于设置本发明的半导体装置的移动设备等的轻重量化。
在本发明的半导体装置中,最好半导体元件是声音传感器元件、压力传感器元件、加速度传感器元件、半导体激光元件、发光二极管、固体摄像元件或光电二极管。
本发明的树脂粘接材料其特征在于:由环氧树脂、作为鎓类化合物的聚合引发剂、和填充材料构成,包含30wt%~60wt%的填充材料。
根据本发明的树脂粘接材料,与现有的树脂粘接材料相比,由于含有更多的填充材料,所以容易吸收水分的树脂部分的含量少,所以可抑制树脂粘接材料吸收水分。
在本发明的树脂粘接材料中,最好鎓类化合物是含有卤素的锍化物。
发明效果
根据本发明的半导体装置及其制造中使用的树脂粘接材料,既便在高温且高湿的环境下施加热压力时,也可抑制在封装主体和树脂粘接材料之间及树脂粘接材料和盖状部件之间产生剥离,所以可实现具有高可靠性的半导体装置及其制造中使用的树脂粘接材料。
附图说明
图1(a)是本发明第1实施方式的半导体装置的平面图。(b)是(a)的Ib-Ib线的截面图。
图2(a)~(e)是表示本发明第1实施方式的半导体装置的制造方法的工序顺序的截面图。
图3(a)是本发明第2实施方式的半导体装置的平面图,(b)是(a)的IIIb-IIIb线的截面图。
图4(a)~(e)是表示本发明第2实施方式的半导体装置的制造方法的工序顺序的截面图。
符号说明
11  陶瓷多层基板
11a 上层
11b 中间层
11c 下层
12  盖状部件
13  树脂粘接材料
14  空腔部
15  半导体元件
16  Al电极
17  连接端子
18  Au引线
19  模片焊接材料
20  外部侧面电极
21  外部下面电极
31  树脂基板
31a 基板
31b 肋条
32  盖状部件
33  树脂粘接材料
34  空腔部
35  半导体元件
36  Al电极
37  连接端子
38  Au引线
39  模片图案(die pattern)
40  模片焊接材料
41  贯通导体
42  外部连接端子
具体实施方式
参照附图说明实施本发明的最佳方式。另外,在这些图中,每个结构部件的厚度或长度等从附图的制作上看与实际形状不同。并且,各结构部件的电极或端子的个数也与实际不同,设为容易图示的数量。并且,各结构部件的材质也不限于下述说明的材质。
(第1实施方式)
图1是表示本发明第1实施方式的半导体装置,(a)表示平面结构,(b)表示(a)的Ib-Ib线的截面结构。第1实施方式的半导体装置的基板是陶瓷多层基板11。
如图1(a)及图1(b)所示,第1实施方式的半导体装置在作为封装主体的陶瓷多层基板11上经树脂粘接材料13而紧贴透明的盖状部件12,陶瓷多层基板11和盖状部件12形成空腔部14。设置于空腔部14的半导体元件15在上面形成多个Al(铝)电极16,在陶瓷多层基板11中形成多个连接端子17。Al电极16与连接端子17通过Au(金)引线18电连接。
并且,陶瓷多层基板11从上向下由上层11a、中间层11b及下层11c等3层构成,在俯视下,上层11a和中间层11b是框状,所以通过使上层11a和盖状部件12紧贴,形成空腔部14。下层11c在成为空腔部14内部的上面经模片焊接材料19而配置半导体元件15。形成于上层11a和中间层11b之间的连接端子17与半导体元件15上面的Al电极16电连接,同时,与形成于陶瓷多层基板11外侧侧面的外部侧面电极20及形成于下层11c下面的外部下面电极21电连接。外部侧面电极20具有沿纵方向平分陶瓷多层基板11中从中间层11b和下层11c的上面向下面延伸的通孔的形状,在俯视下为半圆状。
该封装方式是被称为LCC(leadless chip carrier)的结构,是适于小型及薄型化的封装方式之一。
这里,说明第1实施方式的树脂粘接材料13。
第1实施方式的树脂粘接材料13为了避免对半导体元件15的热损害、尤其是对形成于半导体元件15表面摄像区域的单片透镜的热损害,使用由环氧树脂、聚合引发剂及填充材料构成的紫外线固性树脂。由于通过使用由紫外线固性树脂构成的树脂粘接材料13,与使用热固性树脂时相比,可缩短固化时间,所以制造流水作业(tact)也减少。
作为构成树脂粘接材料13的环氧树脂的具体例,期望例如双酚(bisphenol)型环氧树脂、酚醛(novolac)型环氧树脂及联苯(biphenyl)型环氧树脂等。在双酚型环氧树脂中,最常用例如双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚S型环氧树脂或双酚F型环氧树脂,最好在常温下为液态。
另外,构成树脂粘接材料13的聚合引发剂使用鎓类化合物。构成鎓类化合物的阳离子可使用例如锍(sulfonium)、磺(sulfosonium)、硒(selenonium)、膦(phosphonium)或铵(ammonium)铵等,作为阴离子,例如可使用含有卤素的化合物。
另外,构成树脂粘接材料13的填充材料例如可使用氧化铝(Al2O3)、氧化镁(MgO)、氮化硼(BN)、氮化铝(AlN)或氧化硅(SiO2)等无机填料。
[表1]
Figure A200810179751D00111
[表1]表示对使环氧树脂、聚合引发剂及填充材料的含量变化后构成的树脂粘接材料13进行高温高湿试验的结果。
各试验条件对使用调整了作为树脂部分的环氧树脂及聚合引发剂的合计量和包含填料(フィラ)、云母(タルク)、及离子吸附剂的填充材料的量的重量%后的树脂粘接材料制造的半导体装置,进行168小时、500小时、1000小时及1200小时的高温高湿试验。在各试验条件下使用24个试件,显示不良情况的发生次数。
另外,试验中,作为预处理,在温度为30℃且湿度为70%的恒温恒湿槽中保存96小时,施加温度为220℃的热处理后,在比预处理更高温高湿的环境下放置规定时间之后,进行是否发生不良情况的试验。
如[表1]所示,可知若构成树脂粘接材料13的填充材料的含量、即固态部分的含量为30wt%~60wt%,则在高温高湿条件下,既便放置1000小时以上也不发生不良情况。并且,可知如果树脂粘接材料13中含有的固态部分为40wt%~50wt%,则既便在更长时间的高温高湿条件下放置,也不发生不良情况。
下面,说明构成第1实施方式的半导体装置的各部件。
陶瓷多层基板11例如由3层陶瓷所构成的绝缘层构成。陶瓷材料也可使用例如氧化铝或氮化铝等烧结体,也可使用添加玻璃的低温烧成陶瓷材料的烧结体。并且,也可使用在树脂材料中添加陶瓷粉末的材料成型加工后形成。尤其是,陶瓷多层基板11为了保持高的耐热性,最好使用氧化铝等陶瓷材料的烧结体。
形成于陶瓷多层基板11的连接端子17、外部侧面电极20及外部下面电极21例如可通过在同时使用无电解镀铜和电解镀铜形成后,蚀刻成规定图案来形成。并且,也可使用例如Cu(铜)浆或Ag(银)浆通过印刷法来形成。另外,在连接端子17、外部侧面电极20及外部下面电极21中,虽然省略图示,但最好是在其表面上形成金属薄膜。该金属薄膜例如最好是在镀铜膜及厚膜铜布线上例如进行镀镍后,进行镀金形成金属薄膜。由此,可改善连接端子17上的Au引线18的可焊接性(ボンダビリティ)和外部侧面电极17及外部底面电极18的焊剂浸润性,可改善连接部的可靠性。
盖状部件12最好由最低透过70%以上光的透光性部件、更好由透过80%以上光的透光性部件、最好由透过90%以上光的透过性部件形成。具体地,通用玻璃制的板。
模片焊接材料19例如以环氧树脂或聚酰亚胺树脂等热固化树脂浆为材料。另外,也可使用带状粘接材料替代热固性树脂浆。在期望高耐热性的情况下,最好使用例如使Ag等金属填料分散的树脂浆。
下面,参照图2说明第1实施方式的半导体装置的制造方法。
图2示出第1实施方式的半导体装置的制造方法的工序顺序的截面结构。
如图2(a)所示,准备由上层11a、中间层11b及下层11c构成、形成连接端子17、外部侧面电极20及外部下面电极21的陶瓷多层基板11。例如使用分配器(dispenser)涂布用于在陶瓷多层基板11的凹部设置半导体元件15的模片焊接材料19。涂布模片焊接材料19用的分配喷嘴既可是单嘴,也可是多嘴。另外,也可通过转录方式供给模片焊接材料19,替代使用分配器的方法。
期望模片焊接材料19是例如以环氧树脂或聚酰亚胺树脂等热固性树脂为主要成分的热固性浆,作为环氧树脂,例如是双酚型环氧树脂、酚醛型环氧树脂或联苯型环氧树脂等。在使用双酚型环氧树脂时,最通用例如双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚S型环氧树脂或双酚F型环氧树脂,最好在常温下为液态。但是,在期望高耐热性时,最好使用例如使Ag等金属填料分散的树脂浆。并且,可使用带状粘接材料替代热固性树脂浆。在使用带状粘接材料时,可在通过切割分割半导体元件之前,预先在晶片的背面粘贴带状粘接材料,切割时将带状粘接材料也一起切断,分割成背面具备带状粘接材料的半导体元件。
下面,如图2(b)所示,在陶瓷多层基板11中的凹部被涂布模片焊接材料19上设置半导体元件15。之后,利用热固化炉等,在120℃~170℃的环境下保存2小时,使模片焊接材料19热固化。这时,为了防止设置于半导体元件15上面的Al电极16的表面氧化,期望在氮气气氛气的环境下进行。
下面,如图2(c)所示,例如使用球焊法,通过Au引线18连接半导体元件15的Al电极16和陶瓷多层基板11的连接端子17。
Al电极16和连接端子17的连接方法也可使用楔形焊替代球焊。另外,也可使用Al引线或Cu引线替代Au引线18。即,只要经引线将半导体元件15的Al电极16和陶瓷多层基板11的连接端子17电连接即可。由此,半导体元件15的Al电极16、Au引线18、连接端子17、外部侧面电极20及外部下面电极21电连接。
接着,如图2(d)所示,在陶瓷多层基板11的上层11a上例如使用分配器涂布树脂粘接材料13。
接着,如图2(e)所示,通过在涂布了树脂粘接材料13的陶瓷多层基板11上设置由透明材料构成的盖状部件12,由陶瓷多层基板11和盖状部件12形成设置了半导体元件15的空腔部14。接着,为了使树脂粘接材料13固化,从盖状部件12的上面照射紫外线光。照射紫外线光的树脂粘接材料13开始聚合并固化,所以陶瓷多层基板11和盖状部件12紧贴。期望这时的紫外线光的波长为300nm以上,紫外线照度为200mW以上。
在进行紫外线光照射后,为了使树脂粘接材料13完全固化,可在120℃的环境下保存4小时使之热固化,由树脂粘接材料13紧贴陶瓷多层基板11和盖状部件12,形成空腔部14,并形成在该空腔部14中搭载半导体元件15的半导体装置。
根据第1实施方式的半导体装置,与以前相比,通过使用容易吸收水分的树脂部分的含量低,固态部分含量多的树脂粘接材料,紧贴作为封装主体的陶瓷多层基板和盖状部件,既便在高温且高湿的环境下施加热压力时,也可抑制树脂粘接材料和陶瓷多层基板之间及树脂粘接材料和盖状部件之间、即在树脂粘接材料和被粘接物的界面上产生剥离。
另外,在第1实施方式中,利用由3层陶瓷构成的绝缘层形成陶瓷多层基板,但不限于3层,只要由基板和盖状部件形成空腔部即可,另外,如果半导体元件与外部端子可电连接,则不必如第1实施方式那样设置外部侧面电极和外部下面电极两者。因此,也可覆盖半导体装置侧面地形成盖状部件。
另外,在第1实施方式中,设定感光元件作为半导体元件。也可适用其他半导体元件,例如半导体激光元件、发光二极管(LED)、固体摄像元件、光电二极管、声音传感器元件、压力传感器元件或加速度传感器元件等替代感光元件。并且,在半导体元件适用声音传感器元件、压力传感器元件或加速度传感器元件等非感光发光元件时,盖状部件不必使用具有透光性的部件。
(第2实施方式)
图3表示本发明第2实施方式的半导体装置,(a)表示平面结构,(b)表示(a)的IIIb-IIIb线的截面构造。第2实施方式的半导体装置的基板是树脂基板31。
如图3(a)及图3(b)所示,第2实施方式的半导体装置中,由封装主体由BT树脂构成的基板31a和形成于该基板31a的外周、由树脂构成的肋条(rib)31b构成的树脂基板31在肋条31b上面通过树脂粘接材料33而紧贴透明的盖状部件32,在基板31a和盖状部件32之间形成空腔部34。在基板31a的上面、即空腔部34的内部,设置半导体元件35,将形成于半导体元件35上面的Al电极36和形成于树脂基板31的连接端子37通过Au引线38电连接。并且,半导体元件35由模片焊接材料40紧贴在基板31a上面形成的元件搭载区域中的、与半导体元件35电连接的模片图案39上。在基板31a中形成从上面向下面延伸的贯通导体41,将连接端子37和形成于基板31a下面的外部连接端子42电连接。虽然省略图示,但连接端子37形成于在基板31a上面的中央部形成的元件搭载区域的周边区域整体中。
下面,说明构成第2实施方式的半导体装置的各部件。
树脂粘接材料33与第1实施方式的树脂粘接材料13相同,为了避免对半导体元件35的热损害、尤其对形成于半导体元件35表面的摄像区域的单片透镜的热损害,使用由环氧树脂、聚合引发剂及填充料构成的紫外线固性树脂。最好树脂粘接材料33中包含的填充材料的含量、即固态部分的含量为30wt%~60wt%,更期望为40wt%~50wt%。可通过将该结构的树脂粘接材料33用于封装主体和盖状部件的紧贴,实现既便在高温且高湿的条件下、1000小时以上也不发生不良情况的半导体装置。并且,由于使用紫外线固性树脂作为树脂粘接材料33,与使用热固化树脂的情况相比,可缩短固化时间,所以与第1实施方式相同,也可减少制造流水作业。
构成树脂基板31的基板31a可使用在玻璃纤维或开普勒(Kevlar,注册商标)等有机物构成的纤维中浸透环氧树脂、苯酚树脂或聚酰亚胺树脂等替代BT树脂并固化的原料等的各种树脂基板。另外,形成于基板31a的连接端子37、模片图案39、贯通导体41及外部连接端子42省略图示,但最好在各自表面上形成金属薄膜。金属薄膜最好在铜图案上镀镍后,通过镀金来形成。这样,可改善连接端子37上的Au引线38的可焊接性和模片图案39、贯通导体41及外部连接端子42的焊剂浸润性,可改善连接部的可靠性。
另外,构成树脂基板31的肋条31b是框体,例如可通过由液晶聚合物、聚苯硫醚(polyphenylene sulfide)或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate)等树脂成型加工而容易地形成。
盖状部件32最好由最低透过70%以上光的透光性部件、更好由透过80%以上光的透光性部件、最好由透过90%以上光的透过性部件形成。具体地,通用玻璃制的板。
模片焊接材料40例如以环氧树脂或聚酰亚胺树脂等热固性树脂浆为材料。另外,也可使用带状粘接材料替代热固性树脂浆。在期望高耐热性的情况下,最好使用例如使Ag等金属填料分散的树脂浆。
下面,参照图4说明第2实施方式的半导体装置的制造方法。
图4表示第2实施方式的半导体装置的制造方法的工序顺序的截面结构。
如图4(a)所示,准备由基板31a和框状肋条31b构成的树脂基板31。树脂基板31的形成方法例如在由厚度约0.2mm的BT树脂构成的基板的两面粘贴厚度约18μm的铜箔,进行形成从上面向下面延伸的通孔的开孔加工。在开孔加工后,在基板的表面上通过无电解镀铜及电解镀铜形成镀铜层。这时,由于镀铜层也形成于通孔的内表面,所以形成贯通导体41。接着,通过光刻加工及蚀刻加工,形成在基板的上面形成连接端子37及模片图案39和在基板的下面形成外部连接端子42的基板31a。在这样形成的基板31a上使用热固化树脂粘接材料紧贴框体肋条31b,形成树脂基板31。并且,也可形成了形成有多个基板31a的薄板,使用联苯型环氧树脂或苯酚醛型环氧树脂等,在薄板上通过传递(transfer)成型来形成肋条31b,通过切割分割薄板,形成由基板31a和肋条31b构成的树脂基板31。
在准备的树脂基板31的模片图案39上例如使用分配器涂布模片焊接材料40。涂布模片焊接材料40用的分配喷嘴即可是单喷嘴,也可是多喷嘴。并且,也可通过转录方式供给模片焊接材料40,替代使用分配器的方法。
另外,模片焊接材料40例如是以环氧树脂或聚酰亚胺树脂等热固性树脂为主要成分的热固化性浆,作为环氧树脂,期望为例如双酚型环氧树脂、酚醛型环氧树脂或联苯型环氧树脂等。在使用双酚型环氧树脂时,最通用例如双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚S型环氧树脂或双酚F型环氧树脂,最好在常温下为液态。但是,在期望高耐热性的情况下,最好使用例如使Ag等金属填料分散的树脂浆。并且,可使用带状粘接材料替代热固性树脂浆。在使用带状粘接材料时,可在通过切割分割半导体元件之前,预先在基板的背面粘贴带装粘接材料,切割时将带状粘接材料也一起切断,分割成背面具备带状粘接材料的半导体元件。
接着,如图4(b)所示,在树脂基板31的涂布了模片焊接材料40的上面设置半导体元件35。之后,利用热固化炉等,在120℃~170℃的环境下保存2小时,使模片焊接材料40热固化。这时,为了防止设置在半导体元件35上面的Al电极36的表面氧化,期望在氮气气氛气的环境下进行。
接着,如图4(c)所示,例如使用球焊法,通过Au引线38连接半导体元件35的Al电极36和树脂基板31的连接端子37。
Al电极36和连接端子37的连接方法也可使用楔形法(wedge bonding)替代球形法(ball bonding)。并且,也可使用Al引线或Cu引线替代Au引线38。即,只要经引线将半导体元件35的Al电极36和树脂基板31的连接端子37电连接即可。这样,将半导体元件35的Al电极36、Au引线38、连接端子37、贯通导体41及外部连接端子42电连接。
接着,如图4(d)所示,在肋条31b上例如使用分配器涂布树脂粘接材料33。
接着,如图4(e)所示,通过在涂布树脂粘接材料33的树脂基板31上设置由透明材料构成的盖状部件32,由树脂基板31和盖状部件32形成设置半导体元件35的空腔部34。之后,通过低温加热进行预热,将盖状部件32定位在树脂基板31上,从盖状部件32的上面照射紫外线光。由于照射了紫外线光的树脂粘接材料33开始聚合并固化,所以树脂基板31和盖状部件32紧贴。期望这时的紫外线光的波长为300nm以上,紫外线照度为200mW以上。这样,可形成在通过树脂粘接材料33使树脂基板31和盖状部件32紧贴而形成的空腔部34中设置半导体元件35的半导体装置。
根据第2实施方式的半导体装置,与以前相比,使用容易吸收水分的树脂部分的含量低、固态部分的含量多的树脂粘接材料,通过使作为封装主体的树脂基板和盖状部件紧贴,既便在高温且高湿的环境下施加热压力时,也可抑制在树脂粘接材料和树脂基板之间及树脂粘接材料和盖状部件之间、即在树脂粘接材料和被粘接物的界面上产生剥离。
另外,在第2实施方式中,通过将框状肋条31b紧贴在基板31a上,在树脂基板31上形成凹部,但也可使用仅由形成凹部的基板31a构成的树脂基板31。另外,也可使用陶瓷基板替代由树脂形成的基板。
另外,在第2实施方式中,也设定感光元件作为半导体元件。也可使用其他半导体元件,例如半导体激光元件、LED、固体摄像元件、光电二极管、声音传感器元件、压力传感器元件或加速度传感器元件等替代感光元件。并且,在半导体元件中适用声音传感器元件、压力传感器元件或加速度传感器元件等非感光发光元件时,盖状部件不必使用具有透光性的部件。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的半导体装置及其制造中使用的树脂粘接材料即便在高温且高湿的环境下施加热压力,也可抑制在树脂粘接材料和被粘接物之间产生剥离,适于半导体元件、尤其是传感器元件或感光发光元件等安装于壳体内构成的半导体装置及其制造中使用的树脂粘接材料等。

Claims (10)

1、一种半导体装置,具备:
半导体元件;
使所述半导体元件紧贴于内侧,并且与所述半导体元件电连接的封装主体;
覆盖所述半导体元件,并且与所述封装主体紧贴而形成中空结构的盖状部件;和
使所述封装主体和所述盖状部件紧贴的紧贴部件,
所述紧贴部件是包含环氧树脂、聚合引发剂和填充材料的树脂粘接材料,所述填充材料的含量为所述紧贴部件的30wt%~60wt%。
2、根据权利要求1所述的半导体装置,其特征在于:
所述填充材料的含量为40wt%~50wt%。
3、根据权利要求1所述的半导体装置,其特征在于:
所述聚合引发剂是鎓类化合物。
4、根据权利要求3所述的半导体装置,其特征在于:
所述鎓类化合物是锍化物。
5、根据权利要求4所述的半导体装置,其特征在于:
所述锍化物含有卤素。
6、根据权利要求1~5之一所述的半导体装置,其特征在于:
所述封装主体是陶瓷基板。
7、根据权利要求1~5之一所述的半导体装置,其特征在于:
所述封装主体是树脂基板。
8、根据权利要求1~5之一所述的半导体装置,其特征在于:
所述半导体元件是声音传感器元件、压力传感器元件、加速度传感器元件、半导体激光元件、发光二极管、固体摄像元件或光电二极管。
9、一种树脂粘接材料,其特征在于:
由环氧树脂、作为鎓类化合物的聚合引发剂和填充材料构成,
包含30wt%~60wt%的所述填充材料。
10、根据权利要求9所述的树脂粘接材料,其特征在于:
所述鎓类化合物是含有卤素的锍化物。
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