CN101433187B - Artificial breeding method of Mactra chinensis - Google Patents

Artificial breeding method of Mactra chinensis Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101433187B
CN101433187B CN200810229953XA CN200810229953A CN101433187B CN 101433187 B CN101433187 B CN 101433187B CN 200810229953X A CN200810229953X A CN 200810229953XA CN 200810229953 A CN200810229953 A CN 200810229953A CN 101433187 B CN101433187 B CN 101433187B
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parent
larva
juvenile mollusk
accelerating
pond
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CN101433187A (en
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闫喜武
王�琦
张跃环
霍忠明
赵越
杨凤
张国范
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Dalian Fisheries University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of the breeding of shellfish seedlings, in particular to an artificial breeding method for Mactra chinensis. Through the combination of artificial ripening and ecological ripening of parents, the development of sex glands is regularly detected to determine the mature period of the sex glands of the parents; methods such as shade drying, water flowing and so on, are adopted to stimulate the spawning and spermiation of the parents to obtain fertilized eggs, and D larvae are obtained through the embryonic development; and on this basis, larva breeding, larva metamorphosis and juvenile shellfish cultivation are performed. A large amount of Mactra chinensis seedlings can be obtained through the links. The method breaks through an artificial breeding technology of the Mactra chinensis, solves the problem of the breeding of the Mactra chinensis seedlings that fails to be broken through for a long time, and lays a solid foundation for the development of cultivation and proliferation of native species, the resource recovery of shallow seas and tidal-flat areas, and the maintenance of biological diversity. The method has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation and high practicality.

Description

China's clam artificial raise seedling method
Technical field
The present invention relates to marine biotechnology, is shellfish seed breeding technical field, the artificial raise seedling method of a kind of Chinese clam specifically.
Background technology
The China clam is subordinate to lamellibranchiata, curtain clam order. and clam section, clam belongs to, and mainly is distributed in the ground (Zhang Xi, 1961) such as Liaoning, Shandong and Japan, Korea of China.The China clam perches the place, shallow sea, nearly river mouth unimpeded at current, that bait is abundant, and the place is maximum with the 2-5m depth of water, until the sea area of the depth of water 60m distribution is arranged all, the meat flavour deliciousness, and the dressing percentage height is a kind of intertidal shellfish that better nutritivity is worth that has.Northern China some areas have been carried out aquaculture, but in the aquaculture process of Chinese clam, the seed scarcity becomes problem demanding prompt solution, serious obstruction the development of this industry.
Seed breeding is the effective measures of shellfish aquaculture, and life habit, habitat, hereditary difference of breaking through its artificial breeding technique and shellfish itself etc. are closely related.Scholars have successively finished Ruditapes philippinarum (Yan Xiwu, 2002-2005), Mactra veneriformis (Yan Xiwu, 2008), thin slice mirror clam (Yan Xiwu, 2008), the full piddock (Yan Xiwu of wide shell, the artificial breeding technique of common intertidal shellfish such as 2008), but do not see for a long time, the report of Chinese clam artificial breeding aspect as yet.Rarely seen minority scholars have successively carried out Primary Study (prince's minister, 1984) to the aspects such as form structure, life habit, reproductive habit and embryonic development of Yalu River mouth China clam; And, gonad development rule and the embryo development procedure of Dingzi Bay sea area, Haiyang City, Shandong Province China clam (Liu Xiangquan, 2007) have been carried out studying in conjunction with the test of seedling rearing in earth ponds.The present invention has broken through the seed breeding technology of Chinese clam, has realized the healthy production of seed, is the exploitation of intertidal shellfish indigenous species, and tidal-flat area resource recovery and biometric safeguard diversity have been established solid foundation.
Summary of the invention
For solving the difficult problem of current Chinese clam resource exhaustion, seed scarcity.The invention provides the Chinese clam artificial raise seedling method of a cover, promptly choose the method that obtains Chinese clam seed with links such as accelerating, the hatching of hastening parturition, larvae cultivation, juvenile mollusk cultivations by the parent.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the parent chooses; Parent's accelerating; The hatching of hastening parturition; Larvae cultivation; Larval metamorphosis; Juvenile mollusk is cultivated.Through above link, can obtain a large amount of Chinese clam seeds.
The concrete steps of its producing method for seed are as follows:
The first step, parent choose: from wild population or cultured population, select 2-3 healthy Chinese in age clam as the parent, require shell not damaged, energetic;
Second step, parent's accelerating: adopt indoors artificial accelerating and outdoor shrimp pond ecological accelerating way of combining to carry out parent's accelerating; Gonad development is observed in sampling regularly, treats its gonad maturity; The shellfish of in time checkmating picks out, in order to avoid cause water quality to ruin; Final parent of surviving can conform, until gonad maturity;
The 3rd step, the hatching of hastening parturition: to the parent of state just before giving birth dry in the shade, stimulation by running water, put it in the cement pit that is ready to fresh seawater in advance, approximately behind the 2-3h, parent's row's essence that begins to lay eggs; In order to improve incubation rate, hatching density is controlled at 30-50/ml; At temperature 23-24 ℃, salinity 24-26, under the condition of pH8.02, fertilized egg is approximately all hatched to D shape larva through 25h;
The 4th step, larvae cultivation: with the net cage seed selection D shape larva of 320 mesh sieve tulles making.Larva culture density 5-6/ml, change water every day 1 time, quantity of exchanged water is 30-50%.Bait is thrown something and fed 2 times every day, and be Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana early stage, and the later stage is that Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana, chlorella, tower born of the same parents algae mix according to 1: 1: 1 volume ratio and throw something and feed, and daily ration, feeding quantity is fitted larva and ingested situation and decide;
The 5th the step, larval metamorphosis: during the larval metamorphosis, the bait feeding amount be in the past 1/3; Adopt no adherance collection technique, make larva at the bottom of the pond, finish metamorphosis process;
The 6th step, juvenile mollusk are cultivated: behind the larval metamorphosis, the normal cultivation with the 4th step increases because juvenile mollusk is individual, and food ration increases, and the suitable juvenile mollusk of daily ration, feeding quantity is ingested situation and decided; Approximately through the cultivation of 40-50d, the juvenile mollusk shell reaches 2-3mm, this moment juvenile mollusk is transferred to ecological shrimp pond and carries out young shellfish and breed.
Facts have proved that utilize following arbitrary process conditions or its combination to carry out the production of hybrid seeds, effect is better:
1, in the described juvenile mollusk incubation, because Chinese clam juvenile mollusk shell is thin, so the injury of external mechanical pressure to juvenile mollusk reduced in pond.Go out the pond process, it is slightly careful to operate, in order to avoid cause the fragmentation of juvenile mollusk shell, causes damage, and during this period, temperature is 23-30 ℃, and salinity is 24-28, and pH is 7.52-8.86.
2, in described parent's accelerating process, close shellfish is dead easily, so need the parent of q.s; The shellfish of need checkmating is in time chosen, and in conjunction with falling the pond, improves parent's living environment; The parent who finally conforms can be used as reproductive population.
3, in the described larvae cultivation process, D shape larva specification is less, thus need to carry out the seed selection of D shape larva with the net cage that 320 mesh sieve tulles are made, otherwise larva will be leaked mesh, along with current are lost.
4, in the described larval metamorphosis process, utilize no adherance collection technique, make larva finish metamorphosis at the bottom of the pond, this compares more simple and easy to do with adherances such as throwing in husky mud in the past.Larva during this period, gill original hase, foot, outlet pipe exist simultaneously, this is different from other Bivalve larva, is one of notable feature of the abnormal larva of Chinese clam.
Through above link, successfully obtained a large amount of shell length and be the Chinese clam seed of 2-3mm.
Advantage of the present invention is with good effect: broken through the Chinese clam seed breeding technology that does not obtain as yet for a long time; Set up one and overlapped the method that is applicable to Chinese clam artificial breeding, cultivated a large amount of Chinese clam seeds.The present invention is to the breed exploitation of intertidal shellfish indigenous species, and tidal-flat area resource recovery and biometric safeguard diversity have important practice significance.
Specific embodiment
Be embodiment with Chinese clam below, further specify the present invention, but be not construed as limiting the invention.
Embodiment 1
The first step, parent choose: in late March, 2008, in the beach of Dalian Zhuanghe point mountain, from wild population, select 3 age healthy Chinese clam 100kg, shell not damaged, energetic.
Second step, parent's accelerating: at the beginning of 2008 4 months, in the seedling rearing room of Dalian magnanimity aquatic food Co., Ltd, Chinese clam parent 30kg is placed 60m 3Cement pit in, adopt intensification accelerating method to carry out parent's accelerating; Indoor during this time water temperature is 8 ℃, heats up 0.5 ℃ every day, up to 20 ℃ of beginning constant temperature culture, cultivates 60d altogether.During this period, the parent can the phenomena of mortality occur along with the rising of temperature, and lethality is probably at 40-60%; Simultaneously, the shellfish of in time checkmating picks out, in order to avoid cause water quality to ruin; The parent who finally conforms can be used as reproductive population.
The 3rd step, the hatching of hastening parturition: at the beginning of 2008 6, parent's gonad maturity of the accelerating that manually heats up; By dry in the shade, stimulation by running water, putting it into the floor space that is ready to fresh seawater in advance is 30m 2Cement pit in, approximately behind the 2-3h, the parent row of laying eggs is smart; In order to improve incubation rate, hatching density is controlled at 30-50/ml; At temperature 23-24 ℃, salinity 24, under the condition of pH8.02, fertilized egg is approximately all hatched to D shape larva through 25h.
The 4th step, larvae cultivation: because about the less 70 μ m of D shape larva, the net cage of making of 320 mesh sieve tulles carries out seed selection D shape larva.Larva culture density 5-8/ml, change water every day 1 time, quantity of exchanged water is 30-50%.Bait is thrown something and fed 2 times every day, and be Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana early stage, and the later stage is that Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana, chlorella, tower born of the same parents algae (volume ratio 1: 1: 1) mix and throw something and feed, and daily ration, feeding quantity is fitted larva and ingested situation and decide.
The 5th the step, larval metamorphosis: during the larval metamorphosis, the bait feeding amount be in the past 1/3; Adopt no adherance collection technique, make larva finish metamorphosis process at the bottom of the pond, its distortion ratio reaches more than 80%.During this period, the face of abnormal larva, gill original hase, foot, outlet pipe exist simultaneously, and this is the notable feature of the abnormal larva of Chinese clam, are different from other Bivalve larva.
The 6th step, juvenile mollusk are cultivated: behind the larval metamorphosis, the normal cultivation with the 4th step increases because juvenile mollusk is individual, and food ration increases, and the suitable juvenile mollusk of daily ration, feeding quantity is ingested situation and decided.Approximately through the cultivation of 48d, the juvenile mollusk shell reaches 2-3mm, this moment juvenile mollusk is transferred to ecological shrimp pond and carries out young shellfish and breed.In the juvenile mollusk incubation,,, reduce of the injury of external mechanical pressure to juvenile mollusk so do not fall the pond because Chinese clam juvenile mollusk shell is thin.Go out the pond process, it is slightly careful to operate, in order to avoid cause the fragmentation of juvenile mollusk shell, causes damage.During this period, temperature is 25-28 ℃, and salinity is 24-28, and pH is 7.56-8.52.
Through above link, successfully obtained 3,000 ten thousand in the long Chinese clam seed for 2-3mm of a large amount of shells, the unit are output of seedling reaches 1,000,000/m 2
Embodiment 2
The first step, parent choose: in by the end of March, 2008, in the beach of Dalian Zhuanghe point mountain, from wild population, select 3 age healthy Chinese clam 100kg, shell not damaged, energetic.
Second step, parent's accelerating: at the beginning of 2008 4 months, adopt ecological accelerating method, parent 40Kg is positioned over the scallop cage in the shrimp pond, carries out parent's accelerating, 10 layers in each scallop cage, the temporary adopted parents shellfish of each scallop cage 5Kg.Outdoor is natural temperature, rises to 22 ℃ gradually by 4 ℃, cultivates 90d altogether.Regularly gonad development is observed in sampling during this time, treats its gonad maturity.During this period, the parent can the phenomena of mortality occur along with the rising of temperature, and lethality is probably at 40-60%; Simultaneously, the shellfish of in time checkmating picks out, in order to avoid cause water quality to ruin; The parent who finally conforms can be used as reproductive population.
The 3rd the step, the hatching of hastening parturition: at the beginning of 2008 7 months, parent's gonad maturity of ecological accelerating, by dry in the shade, stimulation by running water, putting it into the floor space that is ready to fresh seawater in advance is 30m 2Cement pit in, approximately behind the 2-3h, the parent row of laying eggs is smart, and fertilization; In order to improve incubation rate, hatching density is controlled at 30-50/ml; At temperature 24-26 ℃, salinity 25-26 under the condition of pH8.14, is approximately all hatched to D shape larva through 23h fertilized egg.
The 4th step, larvae cultivation: because about the less 70 μ m of D shape larva, the net cage of making of 320 mesh sieve tulles carries out seed selection D shape larva.Larva culture density 6-8/ml, change water every day 1 time, quantity of exchanged water is 30-50%.Bait is thrown something and fed 2 times every day, and be pavlova viridis (Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana) early stage, and the later stage is that pavlova viridis (Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana), chlorella (volume ratio 1: 1) mixing are thrown something and fed, and the suitable larva of daily ration, feeding quantity ingests situation and decides.
The 5th the step, larval metamorphosis: during the larval metamorphosis, the bait feeding amount be in the past 1/3; Adopt no adherance collection technique, make larva finish metamorphosis process at the bottom of the pond, its distortion ratio reaches more than 85%.During this period, the face of abnormal larva, gill original hase, foot, outlet pipe exist simultaneously, and this is the notable feature of the abnormal larva of Chinese clam, are different from other Bivalve larva.
The 6th step, juvenile mollusk are cultivated: behind the larval metamorphosis, the normal cultivation with the 4th step increases because juvenile mollusk is individual, and food ration increases, and the suitable juvenile mollusk of daily ration, feeding quantity is ingested situation and decided.Through the cultivation of 45d, the juvenile mollusk shell reaches 2-3mm, this moment juvenile mollusk is transferred to ecological shrimp pond and carries out young shellfish and breed.In the juvenile mollusk incubation,,, reduce of the injury of external mechanical pressure to juvenile mollusk so do not fall the pond because Chinese clam juvenile mollusk shell is thin.Go out the pond process, it is slightly careful to operate, in order to avoid cause the fragmentation of juvenile mollusk shell, causes damage.During this period, temperature is 26-30 ℃, and salinity is 25-28, and pH is 7.52-8.68.
Through above link, successfully obtained 3,600 ten thousand in the long Chinese clam seed for 2-3mm of a large amount of shells, 1,200,000/m of unit of water body output of seedling 2

Claims (4)

1. Chinese clam artificial raise seedling method, may further comprise the steps: the parent chooses; Parent's accelerating; The hatching of hastening parturition; Larvae cultivation; Larval metamorphosis; Juvenile mollusk is cultivated;
Specific as follows:
The first step, parent choose: from wild population or cultured population, select 2-3 healthy Chinese in age clam as the parent, require shell not damaged, energetic;
Second step, parent's accelerating: adopt indoors artificial accelerating and outdoor shrimp pond ecological accelerating way of combining to carry out parent's accelerating; Gonad development is observed in sampling regularly, treats its gonad maturity;
The 3rd step, the hatching of hastening parturition: to the parent of state just before giving birth dry in the shade, stimulation by running water, put it in the cement pit that is ready to fresh seawater in advance, approximately behind the 2-3h, parent's row's essence that begins to lay eggs; In order to improve incubation rate, hatching density is controlled at 30-50/ml; At temperature 23-24 ℃, salinity 24-26, under the condition of pH8.02, fertilized egg is approximately all hatched to D shape larva through 24h;
The 4th step, larvae cultivation: larva culture density 5-6/ml, change water every day 1 time, quantity of exchanged water is 30-50%, bait is thrown something and fed 2 times every day, be Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana early stage, later stage is that Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana, chlorella, tower born of the same parents algae mix according to 1: 1: 1 volume ratio and throw something and feed, and the suitable larva of daily ration, feeding quantity ingests situation and decides;
The 5th the step, larval metamorphosis: during the larval metamorphosis, the bait feeding amount be in the past 1/3; Adopt no adherance collection technique, make larva at the bottom of the pond, finish metamorphosis process;
The 6th step, juvenile mollusk are cultivated: behind the larval metamorphosis, the normal cultivation with the 4th step increases because juvenile mollusk is individual, and food ration increases, and the suitable juvenile mollusk of daily ration, feeding quantity is ingested situation and decided; Through the cultivation of 40-50d, the juvenile mollusk shell reaches 2-3mm, this moment juvenile mollusk is transferred to ecological shrimp pond and carries out young shellfish and breed, and during this period, temperature is 23-30 ℃, and salinity is 24-28, and pH is 7.52-8.86.
2. Chinese clam artificial raise seedling method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the shellfish of need checkmating is in time chosen in described parent's accelerating process, improves parent's living environment in conjunction with falling the mode in pond; With the parent that finally conforms as reproductive population.
3. Chinese clam artificial raise seedling method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the described larvae cultivation process, and the net cage of making of 320 mesh sieve tulles carries out the seed selection of D shape larva.
4. Chinese clam artificial raise seedling method according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the described juvenile mollusk incubation, and the pond of trying one's best less goes out the pond process, and it is slightly careful to operate, and avoids causing the fragmentation of juvenile mollusk shell, causes damage.
CN200810229953XA 2008-12-17 2008-12-17 Artificial breeding method of Mactra chinensis Expired - Fee Related CN101433187B (en)

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CN101715750B (en) * 2009-12-30 2013-04-24 大连水产学院 Sea area intermediate breeding method applicable to Ruditapes philippinarum seedlings
CN101926299B (en) * 2010-08-26 2012-02-15 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 Combined induced spawning method for bivalves
CN101990853B (en) * 2010-10-29 2014-12-17 中国海洋大学 Artificial breeding method of Spisula sachalinensis (Schrenck)
CN102077790B (en) * 2010-11-25 2012-07-11 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 Artificially breeding method for Lutraria maximae
CN102835341A (en) * 2012-09-26 2012-12-26 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 Hybrid breeding method of Lutmria maxima jonas and Lutraria philippinarum
CN103766258B (en) * 2014-01-26 2016-01-20 大连海洋大学 The artificial breeding method of a kind of mottle clam Ruditapes variegata
CN104115773B (en) * 2014-07-29 2016-05-18 大连海洋大学 The method of DHA content in indoor raising Ruditapes philippinarum
CN104542376A (en) * 2014-12-12 2015-04-29 青岛无为保温材料有限公司 Artificial clam growing method
CN105075938A (en) * 2015-06-30 2015-11-25 福建省水产研究所 Large-scale cultivation method for Tapes dorsatus spats
CN106106272B (en) * 2016-06-20 2018-11-23 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 A kind of Che oyster artificial breeding method
CN106165659B (en) * 2016-06-20 2018-11-30 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 A kind of giant clam artificial breeding method
CN106719184A (en) * 2016-12-29 2017-05-31 丹东市水产技术推广总站 A kind of artificial breeding method of Mactra chinensis
CN107873591A (en) * 2017-12-05 2018-04-06 响水县八圩海水养殖有限公司 A kind of clam cultural method
CN113179980A (en) * 2021-04-27 2021-07-30 广东海洋大学 Seedling raising method for tapes dorsatus
CN114158501A (en) * 2021-11-25 2022-03-11 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 Artificial breeding method of sea chrysanthemum clams
CN114586715A (en) * 2022-03-24 2022-06-07 世倍(厦门)海洋科技有限公司 Method for artificially breeding male fibraurea familiaris
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