CN102835341A - Hybrid breeding method of Lutmria maxima jonas and Lutraria philippinarum - Google Patents
Hybrid breeding method of Lutmria maxima jonas and Lutraria philippinarum Download PDFInfo
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- CN102835341A CN102835341A CN2012103657853A CN201210365785A CN102835341A CN 102835341 A CN102835341 A CN 102835341A CN 2012103657853 A CN2012103657853 A CN 2012103657853A CN 201210365785 A CN201210365785 A CN 201210365785A CN 102835341 A CN102835341 A CN 102835341A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid breeding method of lutmria maxima jonas and Lutraria philippinarum. The lutmria maxima jonas grows rapidly and is high in price, but cultivation is affected by bottom tide, storm and diseases, and annual fluctuation of the output is large. The breeding mode for Lutraria philippinarum is simpleand economic effect is obvious, but the disease resistance of the young Lutraria philippinarum is poor, and it is difficult to artificially breed. The method comprises the steps of: carrying out interspecific hybridization according to the situation that lutmria maxima jonas and Lutraria philippinarum are geographically isolated and different in reproductive biology characteristics, and breeding filial generation with merits such as strong disease resistance and fast growth speed. According to the invention, the measures such as purchasing and transporting of parent shellfish, domesticating of the parent shellfish, artificial fertilization and hybridization, incubation and superior varity selection, cultivation of planktonic larvae, larval metamorphosis, juvenile mollusk cultivation and intermediate cultivation in a sear area are adopted. The hybrid breeding method is scientific and reasonable in technological process and strong in maneuverability, and hybridization of two types of geographically isolated clams belonging to Lutraria is achieved. The method disclosed by the invention is fewer in occupied resources and low in cost, and natural resources are fully utilized.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is marine products bivalve shellfish two-way cross seedling-cultivating method, especially relates to big otter clam and Australia otter clam cross breeding method, belongs to aquaculture raising technology field.
Background technology
Big otter clam (Lutmria maxima jonas) and Australia otter clam (Lutraria philippinarum) are under the jurisdiction of the different tooth subclass of lamellibranchiata (Lamellibranchia) (Mactracea); Clam section (Mactridae) otter clam belongs to (Lutraria); Common name " trunk spiral shell ", its fine and tender taste, delicious in taste; Nutritious, for all liking the famous and precious precious marine product of food both at home and abroad.At occurring in nature, big otter clam mainly moves in the husky shale seabed of 10 meters of subtidal zone to the depth of waters in marine site, China south, and Australia otter clam mainly moves in Vietnam sea area in marine site, the North Sea, and coastal in Southeast Asia such as Australia all have a distribution.Big otter clam is embedded type with Australia otter clam, be food with unit cell algae, benthic diatom and organic debris etc., and it is rapid to grow, 1-1.5 can reach commodity shellfish specification (16～24/kg).Characteristic such as at present big otter clam is fast with its growth with Australia otter clam, price height and become a kind of novel breed variety, suitable large tracts of land is promoted breed.Big otter clam carries out the shallow sea seining cultivation and succeeds in China region following the line of the sea, but cultures the influence that receives end tide, stormy waves and disease, and the output annual oscillations is big; The suitable heavy basket mode of Australia otter clam is cultured, and breeding way is simple, remarkable in economical benefits, but its young premunition is poor, the artificial breeding difficulty.Otter clam fine-variety breeding can exist geographic isolation and different reproductive biology characteristics according to two kinds of otter clams, carries out interspecific cross, and then selects the filial generation of merits such as having premunition is strong, fast growth.But through retrieval, the research that belongs to about the otter clam is both at home and abroad at present carried out lessly, and otter clam crossbreeding correlation technique is not seen disclosure.The present invention solves otter clam interspecific cross key technology, realizes the crossbreeding of big otter clam and Australia otter clam, and the filial generation that secures good health provides method for the crossbreeding of different geographical population otter clam simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide big otter clam and Australia otter clam cross breeding method,, carry out deep research, and then cultivate hybridization otter clam seed in batches to the blank present situation of otter clam cross breeding method.
For realizing the foregoing invention purpose, the present invention has taked following technical scheme, and big otter clam and Australia otter clam cross breeding method specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) the choosing and transporting of close shellfish: select the body surface smooth not damaged respectively, healthy strong, water pipe and abdominal foot portion are complete and flexible strong, and specification is the wild big otter clam of 16-20/kg shellfish and the wild Australia otter clam shellfish that grows up that grows up; Adopt the means of transportation of conventional belt water air compressor oxygenation or adopt ice bag that water temperature is reduced to 16-20 ℃, the oxygenation of band water makes oxygen content reach 5-10mg/L, and the moving mode of failing of pack with incubator;
(2) raising and train of close shellfish: close shellfish culture pond depth of water 1.2-1.7m, spread husky 20-30cm at the bottom of the pond, close shellfish is cultivated density and is controlled at every square metre of 20-30 of floor space; After the parent shellfish is sent to culture pond, regulate water temperature and salinity, make culture pond water temperature and salinity and transport temperature and salinity close; Carry out the adjusting of temperature and salinity every day, temperature increase is not more than 0.8-1 ℃, and salinity is regulated and is not more than 0.8-1; When being adjusted to temperature with the nature seawater that belongs to the breeding sea area when identical, no longer artificially regulate the husky end of flushing every day between close shellfish culture period with salinity; Change water 1-2 time; Quantity of exchanged water 100%-150%, the high-quality of throwing something and feeding unit cell algae bait, the close shellfish culture pond of big otter clam is cultivated the unit cell algae bait of throwing in 50-100 cell/ml in the water body; The close shellfish culture pond of Australia otter clam is cultivated the unit cell algae bait of throwing in 30-60 cell/ml in the water body;
(3) artificial insemination and hybridization: get and raise and train 10-20 days the otter clam parent shellfish in back, cut open and tell female, male close shellfish separately, in male shellfish than female shellfish 1: the ratio of 13-17; From shellfish, take out sperm and ovum respectively, select for use close shellfish energetic when sperm is drawn, the individuality that gonad development is good; Containing the ammonia seawater to what the ovum cell was put into concentration 10-30mg/L, leave standstill and intensify 10-15min, is that male parent, big otter clam are female parent with Australia otter clam respectively; Or Australia otter clam is that male parent is hybridized for maternal, big otter clam; It is good from the container of splendid attire sperm, to pour out the upper strata vigor, and the sperm that does not cohere mutually mixes sperm liquid and ovum liquid and carries out artificial insemination; The control sperm avoids excessive;
(4) hatch with select excellent: control hatching water temperature is in 20-30 ℃ and hatching seawater salinity 25-32 scope; Put into the hatchery to fertilized egg and concentrate hatching by the little net basket of 300-500 eye mesh screen making; A large amount of inflations guarantee that fertilized egg is in half suspended state, and miniflow water is carried out in the hatchery, in the time of water temperature 22-28 ℃; Occur through the 8-14h metatroch, developing into straight hinge larvas to 18-24h is " D " type larva; After fertilized egg is grown " D " type larva fully, collect larva, get the good larva of vigor of upper strata cluster and in the larva culture pond, cultivate, sink to the relatively poor larva of lower floor's energy and eliminate;
(5) floating larva is cultivated: will select the excellent larva that comes out to put into culture pond and cultivate by the 3-5/density of ml seawater; The unit cell algae bait of throwing something and feeding every day nurturing period; Feeding volume is thrown something and fed according to the abundance of food last in the culture pond, and keeping early stage the abundance of food to cultivate in the water body for every cubic metre has 2-4 * 10
4The unit cell algae bait of individual cell has 3-6 * 10 when larva arrives in every cubic metre of cultivation of shell top larval phase maintenance abundance of food water body
4The unit cell algae bait of individual cell, nurturing period control water temperature is at 23-30 ℃, and salinity is at 25-32, and the continuous conventional blowing aeration of cultivating process thoroughly changed water once in per 3 days;
(6) larval metamorphosis and juvenile mollusk are cultivated: 8-10 days cultivation of floating larvae process, and bar-shaped foot is intermarginal flexible at two shells, when embryophore reaches 300-320 μ m; Utilize siphonage, the good larva of collection upper strata vigor is put into new culture pond and cultivates, and hangs 2-3 string adherance for every square metre in the culture pond; In culture pond, continue to cultivate attached to the larva on the adherance; During this time every day flowing water once, quantity of exchanged water 80-100%, unit cell algae bait feeding is decided according to the juvenile mollusk situation of ingesting; The larva that adheres to is not when differentiating two water pipe, and keeping the abundance of food to cultivate in the water body for every cubic metre has 5-8 * 10
4The unit cell algae bait of individual cell, after two water pipes formed, bait had filtered all bait in the culture pond about with 1h as the bait throwing in standard; Nurturing period control water temperature is at 20-30 ℃, and salinity is at 25-32, cultivates through 20-40 days, and when shell length was grown to 2-3mm, juvenile mollusk can be thrown in and carry out intermediate rearing to the sea area;
7. sea area intermediate rearing: the tidewater fluctuation exchanges cultivating the sea area, and the unicellular alga that tidewater is brought into and organic debris provide the juvenile mollusk growth required bait, and intermediate rearing adopts a heavy basket type of rearing to carry out; Heavy basket utilizes bamboo, rattan or plastic crate, and specification is 45-50cm * 55-65cm * 15-25cm, adds clean middle rough sand; Thickness 13-18cm; In being carried to when juvenile mollusk is cultivated to 2-3cm, can emerge and culture to the sea area in the training place.
In the whole hybridization nurturing period, environmental condition is ocean temperature 20-30 ℃, salinity 23-35; PH value 8.0-8.6, dissolved oxygen (DO) 4-8, chemical oxygen consumption (COD) 0.5-1.0mg/L; Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) 0.2-0.6mg/L; The ratio of beneficial bacterium in the seawater is regulated and improved to bacterium in the seawater through using the seawater probio, reduces disease incident;
Said seawater probio refers to EM bacterium stoste, and the dispensing amount is to contain probio concentration 5-10 * 10 in every cubic metre of seawater
8Cfu;
Unit cell algae bait refer to marine green alga, chlorella, Isochrysis galbana, Dicrateria inornata or the Chaetoceros muelleri of gathering under the self-sow environment a kind of or combination in any contain algae liquid.
Adherance refers to that thickness is 1-3mm, and diameter is the circular square or erose center Durchgangshohle plastics book sheet that 5-20cm makes, and passes book sheet center and the plastics string that conspires to create with plastic ties or metal wire or single.
Take the present invention of above-mentioned measure, at first, after close shellfish is transported through cooling, stimulate easily and lay eggs, after slowly intensification and salinity were regulated, the sudden change that reduces water environment stimulated, and avoids natural spawning fertilization, can guarantee the quality of smart ovum simultaneously.The husky bed die pseudo-wild of culture pond environment under the stable situation of environment, reduces the possibility of initiatively laying eggs, and can better carry out domestication and temporary the supporting of close shellfish, and reduces dead generation.Technological process of the present invention is scientific and reasonable, and is workable.Realized the otter clam hybridization of two kinds of geographic isolation.It is few that the inventive method takies resource, with low cost, made full use of natural resources.The present invention has great facilitation to the development of otter clam aquaculture; Have originality and advance; Higher academic level and practical value are arranged, and to the protection and the exploitation marine resources, bring about a prosperous economy, enrich seawater breed variety structure and implement the strategy of sustainable development all significant.
Embodiment
Below through embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is further explained.
Embodiment 1
The hybrid breeding step:
1. the selection of close shellfish is cultivated: the wild big otter clam 7.5kg that fishes for up in offshore sea waters, the North Sea, Guangxi; The wild Australia otter clam 10kg that catches up adopts in the Ha Long Bay sea area in Vietnam; Selecting individuality as close shellfish all has big, anosis and that integrity degree is good, water pipe shrinks vigor is good, the characteristics that sexual gland is full.The parent shellfish is put into depth of water 1.3m; Raise and train cultivation respectively in the culture pond of the husky end of 15cm thickness, the control ocean temperature is 28-29 ℃ between big otter clam parent shellfish culture period, and seawater salinity is 25-28; Australia otter clam parent shellfish culture pond control ocean temperature is warming up to the nature seawater temperature gradually from 16 ℃; Be 28-29 ℃, seawater salinity is also through finely tuning to the place seawater salinity, i.e. 25-28.Wash at the husky end every day between parent shellfish culture period, mainly washes away the ight soil and the ammonia-nitrogen content that reduces the husky end, quantity of exchanged water 100%-150% of close shellfish.The high-quality of throwing something and feeding unit cell algae bait, the close shellfish culture pond of big otter clam are kept and are cultivated the unit cell algae bait of throwing in 50-100 cell/ml in the water body; The close shellfish culture pond of Australia otter clam is kept and is cultivated the unit cell algae bait of throwing in 30-60 cell/ml in the water body.After raising and train two weeks, hybridize through artificial insemination.
2. artificial insemination: get the otter clam parent shellfish after raising and train, cut open and tell female, male close shellfish separately, than 1: 15 ratio of female shellfish, from shellfish, take out sperm and ovum respectively, select for use close shellfish energetic when sperm is drawn, the individuality that gonad development is good in male shellfish.Containing the ammonia seawater to what the ovum cell was put into concentration 30mg/L, leave standstill and intensify 10min, is that male parent, big otter clam are female parent with Australia otter clam respectively; Australia otter clam is that male parent is hybridized for maternal, big otter clam.It is good from the beaker of splendid attire sperm, to pour out the upper strata vigor, and the sperm that does not cohere mutually mixes and carries out artificial insemination, and the control sperm avoids excessive.Big otter clam is maternal, and mixing Australia otter clam sperm 8-9min begins fertilization, fertilization rate 37.67%; Australia otter clam is maternal, and the big otter clam of mixing sperm 5-6min begins fertilization, fertilization rate 26.22%;
The hatching with select excellent: 27 ℃ of hatchery ocean temperatures; Salinity is 28; Fertilized egg is put into the hatching basket of 300 orders making and is concentrated hatching, and a large amount of inflations guarantee that fertilized egg is in half suspended state, miniflow water in the hatchery; The 9h trochophore occurs, and 60% trochophore develops into straight hinge larvas " D " type larva during to 18h; After fertilized egg is grown " D " type larva fully, to stop the supple of gas or steam in the hatching basket, the hatchery constantly intakes, and with siphon mode the upper strata young is collected, and gets the good young of vigor of upper strata cluster and in young culture pond, cultivates, and the relatively poor young of hatching basket lower floor's energy abandons it.
4. larval culture: with good " D " type larva of upper strata vigor of collecting; Put into black glass molten steel bucket by the density in about 1.5 every milliliter of early stages and carry out artificial culture; Cultivate the workshop low-light; Using shading rate is that 75% mobilizable black curtain is regulated the light in workshop, and keeping early stage the abundance of food to cultivate in the water body for every cubic metre has 2-4 * 10
4The unit cell algae bait of individual cell has 3-6 * 10 when the young arrives in every cubic metre of cultivation of shell top larval phase maintenance abundance of food water body
4The unit cell algae bait of individual cell.Nurturing period control water temperature and salinity, the continuous conventional blowing aeration of cultivating process, per 3 days 100% quantity of exchanged water changes water.28 ℃ of nurturing period heated at constant temperature rod control water temperatures, salinity 25-30 cultivates the omnidistance air compressor blowing aeration of using.Australia otter clam be male parent, big otter clam be the young of hybridization of female parent through 14 days cultivation, larva survive ratio is more than 80%; Australia otter clam is the cultivation of maternal, the big otter clam young that is paternal hybrid through 11 days, and larva survive ratio is more than 85%.When the larva body reaches 280-300 μ m; It is thus clear that bar-shaped foot is intermarginal flexible at two shells, face disappears, and collect larva with 150 purpose bolting silk mesh bags this moment; Putting into 2 sides' the black bucket of fiberglass cultivates; The square plastic sheet of bunchiness is that adherance hangs in the black bucket and induces its metamorphosis to adhere to, and Australia otter clam is that the average distortion ratio of the young that male parent, big otter clam are hybridization of female parent is 58.63%, and the average distortion ratio of the young that Australia otter clam is a paternal hybrid for maternal, big otter clam is 66.47%.
5. juvenile mollusk is cultivated: in nursery pond, continue to cultivate attached to the seedling on the plastic sheet; Day is changed water more than 80%; Mode through flowing water is carried out, throw something and feed every day flat algae, chrysophyceae and Chaetoceros, and daily ration, feeding quantity is decided according to the juvenile mollusk situation of ingesting; The young that adheres to is not when differentiating two water pipe, and keeping the abundance of food to cultivate in the water body for every cubic metre has 5-8 * 10
4The unit cell algae bait of individual cell, after two water pipes formed, bait had filtered all bait in the culture pond about with 1h as the bait throwing in standard.Nurturing period control water temperature and salinity, through cultivation in 18 days, shell length was grown to 1.6-3mm, and this successfully cultivates specification 1.6-3mm Australia otter clam is that male parent, big otter clam are 13437 in hybridization of female parent seed; Australia otter clam is 19860 in a paternal hybrid seed for maternal, big otter clam.
6. intermediate rearing: hybrid seedlings carries out the pond intermediate rearing, and the artificial drainage pattern that advances changes water, and the mode on the artificial fertile pool increases unicellular alga and organic debris provides the juvenile mollusk growth required bait.Cultivate basket and utilize waste and old plastics Fruit basket, 45cm * 55cm * 15cm adds clean middle rough sand, thick about 13-18cm.1.5 meters of the pond depth of waters are cultivated 26-30 ℃ of water temperature, salinity 25-32.Juvenile mollusk was cultivated after 53 days, reached 2-3cm and emerged, and threw in and cultured to the sea area.Australia otter clam is that male parent, big otter clam are hybridization of female parent seed intermediate rearing survival rate 56.32%; Australia otter clam is a paternal hybrid seedling intermediate rearing survival rate 48.59% for maternal, big otter clam.
Embodiment 2
The hybrid breeding step:
1. the selection of close shellfish is cultivated: the wild big otter clam 60kg that fishes for up in offshore sea waters, the North Sea, Guangxi; The wild Australia otter clam 54kg that catches up adopts in the Ha Long Bay sea area in Vietnam; Selecting individuality as close shellfish all has big, anosis and that integrity degree is good, water pipe shrinks vigor is good, the characteristics that sexual gland is full.The parent shellfish is put into depth of water 1.3m; Raise and train cultivation respectively in the culture pond of the husky end of 15cm thickness, the control ocean temperature is 28～29 ℃ between big otter clam parent shellfish culture period, and seawater salinity is 25-28; Australia otter clam parent shellfish culture pond control ocean temperature is warming up to the nature seawater temperature gradually from 16 ℃; Be 28-29 ℃, seawater salinity is also through finely tuning to the place seawater salinity, i.e. 25-28.Wash at the husky end every day between parent shellfish culture period, mainly washes away the ight soil and the ammonia-nitrogen content that reduces the husky end, quantity of exchanged water 100%-150% of close shellfish.The high-quality of throwing something and feeding unit cell algae bait, the close shellfish culture pond of big otter clam are kept and are cultivated the unit cell algae bait of throwing in 50-100 cell/ml in the water body; The close shellfish culture pond of Australia otter clam is kept and is cultivated the unit cell algae bait of throwing in 30-60 cell/ml in the water body.After raising and train 15 days, hybridize through artificial insemination.
2. artificial insemination: get the otter clam parent shellfish after raising and train, cut open and tell female, male close shellfish separately, than 1: 15 ratio of female shellfish, from shellfish, take out sperm and ovum respectively, select for use close shellfish energetic when sperm is drawn, the individuality that gonad development is good in male shellfish.Australia otter clam is that to be hybridization of female parent contain the ammonia seawater to what the ovum cell was put into concentration 25mg/L for male parent, big otter clam; Australia otter clam for maternal, big otter clam be male parent hybridize put into concentration 10mg/L contain the ammonia seawater; Leaving standstill and intensify 10min, is that male parent, big otter clam are female parent with Australia otter clam respectively; Australia otter clam is that male parent is hybridized for maternal, big otter clam.It is good from the beaker of splendid attire sperm, to pour out the upper strata vigor, and the sperm that does not cohere mutually mixes and carries out artificial insemination, and the control sperm avoids excessive.Big otter clam is maternal, and mixing Australia otter clam sperm 8-9min begins fertilization, fertilization rate 56.67%; Australia otter clam is maternal, and the big otter clam of mixing sperm 5-6min begins fertilization, fertilization rate 60.22%;
The hatching with select excellent: 29 ℃ of hatchery ocean temperatures; Salinity is 28; Fertilized egg is put into the hatching basket of 300 orders making and is concentrated hatching, and a large amount of inflations guarantee that fertilized egg is in half suspended state, miniflow water in the hatchery; 8.42h the time trochophore occur, the trochophore during to 18h more than 80% develops into straight hinge larvas " D " type larva; After fertilized egg is grown " D " type larva fully, to stop the supple of gas or steam in the hatching basket, the hatchery constantly intakes, and with siphon mode the upper strata young is collected, and gets the good young of vigor of upper strata cluster and in young culture pond, cultivates, and the relatively poor young of hatching basket lower floor's energy abandons it.
4. larval culture: with good " D " type larva of upper strata vigor of collecting; Put into nursery pond by the density in about 1.5 every milliliter of early stages and carry out artificial culture; Cultivate the workshop low-light; Using shading rate is that 75% mobilizable black curtain is regulated the light in workshop, and keeping early stage the abundance of food to cultivate in the water body for every cubic metre has 2-4 * 10
4The unit cell algae bait of individual cell has 3-6 * 10 when the young arrives in every cubic metre of cultivation of shell top larval phase maintenance abundance of food water body
4The unit cell algae bait of individual cell.Nurturing period control water temperature and salinity, the continuous conventional blowing aeration of cultivating process, per 3 days 100% quantity of exchanged water changes water.26-29 ℃ of nurturing period control water temperature, salinity 25～32 is cultivated omnidistance with 3 kilowatts of Roots blower continuous charge oxygenation.Australia otter clam be male parent, big otter clam be the young of hybridization of female parent through 13 days cultivation, larva survive ratio is more than 80%; Australia otter clam is the cultivation of maternal, the big otter clam young that is paternal hybrid through 11 days, and larva survive ratio is more than 85%.When the larva body reached 280-300 μ m, visible bar-shaped foot was intermarginal flexible at two shells, and face disappears, and collect larva with 150 purpose bolting silk mesh bags this moment, puts into 10 18m
3The juvenile mollusk culture pond; Putting the plastic sheet that connects bunchiness is that adherance induces its metamorphosis to adhere to; Australia otter clam is that the average distortion ratio of the young that male parent, big otter clam are hybridization of female parent is 69.33%, and the average distortion ratio of the young that Australia otter clam is a paternal hybrid for maternal, big otter clam is 51.65%.
5. juvenile mollusk is cultivated: in nursery pond, continue to cultivate attached to the seedling on the plastic sheet; Day is changed water more than 80%; Mode through flowing water is carried out, throw something and feed every day flat algae, chrysophyceae and Chaetoceros, and daily ration, feeding quantity is decided according to the juvenile mollusk situation of ingesting; The young that adheres to is not when differentiating two water pipe, and keeping the abundance of food to cultivate in the water body for every cubic metre has 5-8 * 10
4The unit cell algae bait of individual cell, after two water pipes formed, bait had filtered all bait in the culture pond about with 1h as the bait throwing in standard.Nurturing period control water temperature and salinity; Through cultivation in 18 days, shell length was grown to 1.6-3mm, and average unit are output of seedling reaches 3.87 ten thousand; This is grown seedlings through above step, and successfully cultivating specification 1.5-2.5mm Australia otter clam is that male parent, big otter clam are 1,070 ten thousand in hybridization of female parent seed; Australia otter clam is 952.7 ten thousand in a paternal hybrid seed for maternal, big otter clam.
6. intermediate rearing: hybrid seedlings carries out the sea area intermediate rearing, and the tidewater fluctuation is carried out water flow exchange to cultivating the sea area, and the unicellular alga that tidewater is brought into and organic debris provide the juvenile mollusk required bait of growing.Cultivate basket and utilize waste and old plastics Fruit basket, 45cm * 55cm * 15cm adds clean middle rough sand, thick about 13-18cm.26-30 ℃ of nurturing period nature seawater water temperature, salinity 25～32.Juvenile mollusk was cultivated after 35 days, reached 2-3.7cm and emerged, and threw in and cultured to the sea area.
Embodiment 3
The step of growing seedlings
1. the selection of close shellfish is cultivated: basic identical with embodiment 1, choose maturation, health, the full big otter clam parent of the high-quality shellfish 82.5kg of sexual gland, Australia otter clam parent shellfish 72.5kg;
2. artificial insemination: identical with instance 1, difference is that after fertilization has carried out washing ovum, and promptly fertilized egg is a demersal egg; After can treating whole ovum fertilizations, remove supernatant, collect the high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus that sinks to the bottom; Three times repeatedly, remove the organic and unnecessary sperm of being taken when inhaling ovum and sperm;
3. artificial incubation: identical with embodiment 1;
4. the young selects excellent: identical with embodiment 1;
5. larval culture: basic identical with embodiment 1, Australia otter clam is that male parent, big otter clam are that the average distortion ratio of hybridization of female parent is 65.53%; Australia otter clam is that the average distortion ratio of paternal hybrid is 54.40% for maternal, big otter clam;
6. juvenile mollusk is cultivated: flowing water after the young adheres to more than 50%, and quantity of exchanged water reaches 100%-120%, the bait of throwing something and feeding every day three times, the whole shadings in juvenile mollusk workshop, successfully cultivating specification 2-2.5mm Australia otter clam is that male parent, big otter clam are 2,590 ten thousand in hybridization of female parent seed; Australia otter clam is 1,750 ten thousand in a paternal hybrid seed for maternal, big otter clam.
7. intermediate rearing: hybrid seedlings carries out the sea area intermediate rearing.28-30 ℃ of nurturing period nature seawater water temperature, salinity 25～32.Juvenile mollusk was cultivated after 40 days, reached 2-3.7cm and emerged, and threw in and cultured to the sea area.
Claims (4)
1. big otter clam and Australia otter clam cross breeding method is characterized in that said cross breeding method may further comprise the steps:
(1) the choosing and transporting of close shellfish: select the body surface smooth not damaged respectively, healthy strong, water pipe and abdominal foot portion are complete and flexible strong, and specification is the wild big otter clam of 16-20/kg shellfish and the wild Australia otter clam shellfish that grows up that grows up; Adopt the means of transportation of conventional belt water air compressor oxygenation or adopt ice bag that water temperature is reduced to 16-20 ℃, the oxygenation of band water makes oxygen content reach 5-10mg/L, and the moving mode of failing of pack with incubator;
(2) raising and train of close shellfish: close shellfish culture pond depth of water 1.2-1.7m, spread husky 20-30cm at the bottom of the pond, close shellfish is cultivated density and is controlled at every square metre of 20-30 of floor space; After the parent shellfish is sent to culture pond, regulate water temperature and salinity, making the culture pond water temperature is 16-20 ℃; Salinity is 25-28, carries out the adjusting of temperature and salinity every day, and temperature increase is not more than 0.8-1 ℃; Salinity is regulated and to be not more than 0.8%-1%, when being adjusted to temperature with the nature seawater that belongs to the sea area when identical with salinity, no longer artificially adjusting; Water is changed 1-2 time, quantity of exchanged water 100%-150% in the husky end of flushing every day between parent shellfish culture period; The high-quality of throwing something and feeding unit cell algae bait, the close shellfish culture pond of big otter clam is cultivated the unit cell algae bait of throwing in 50-100 cell/ml in the water body; The close shellfish culture pond of Australia otter clam is cultivated the unit cell algae bait of throwing in 30-60 cell/ml in the water body;
(3) artificial insemination and hybridization: get and raise and train 10-20 days the otter clam parent shellfish in back, cut open and tell female, male close shellfish separately, in male shellfish than female shellfish 1: the ratio of 13-17; From shellfish, take out sperm and ovum respectively, select for use close shellfish energetic when sperm is drawn, the individuality that gonad development is good; Containing the ammonia seawater to what the ovum cell was put into concentration 10-30mg/L, leave standstill and intensify 10-15min, is that male parent, big otter clam are female parent with Australia otter clam respectively; Or Australia otter clam is that male parent is hybridized for maternal, big otter clam; It is good from the container of splendid attire sperm, to pour out the upper strata vigor, and the sperm that does not cohere mutually mixes sperm liquid and ovum liquid and carries out artificial insemination; The control sperm avoids excessive;
(4) hatch with select excellent: control hatching water temperature is in 20-30 ℃ and hatching seawater salinity 25-32 scope; Put into the hatchery to fertilized egg and concentrate hatching by the little net basket of 300-500 eye mesh screen making; A large amount of inflations guarantee that fertilized egg is in half suspended state, and miniflow water is carried out in the hatchery, in the time of water temperature 22-28 ℃; Occur through the 8-12h metatroch, developing into straight hinge larvas to 18-22h is " D " type larva; After fertilized egg is grown " D " type larva fully, collect larva, get the good larva of vigor of upper strata cluster and in the larva culture pond, cultivate, sink to the relatively poor larva of lower floor's energy and eliminate;
(5) floating larva is cultivated: will select the excellent larva that comes out to put into culture pond and cultivate by the 3-5/density of ml seawater; The unit cell algae bait of throwing something and feeding every day nurturing period; Feeding volume is thrown something and fed according to the abundance of food last in the culture pond, and keeping early stage the abundance of food to cultivate in the water body for every cubic metre has 2-4 * 10
4The unit cell algae bait of individual cell has 3-6 * 10 when larva arrives in every cubic metre of cultivation of shell top larval phase maintenance abundance of food water body
4The unit cell algae bait of individual cell, nurturing period control water temperature is at 23-30 ℃, and salinity is at 25-32, and the continuous conventional blowing aeration of cultivating process thoroughly changed water once in per 3 days;
(6) larval metamorphosis and juvenile mollusk are cultivated: 8-10 days cultivation of floating larvae process, and bar-shaped foot is intermarginal flexible at two shells, when embryophore reaches 300-320 μ m; Utilize siphonage, the good larva of collection upper strata vigor is put into new culture pond and cultivates, and hangs 2-3 string adherance for every square metre in the culture pond; In culture pond, continue to cultivate attached to the larva on the adherance; During this time every day flowing water once, quantity of exchanged water 80-100%, unit cell algae bait feeding is decided according to the juvenile mollusk situation of ingesting; The larva that adheres to is not when differentiating two water pipe, and keeping the abundance of food to cultivate in the water body for every cubic metre has 5-8 * 10
4The unit cell algae bait of individual cell, after two water pipes formed, bait had filtered all bait in the culture pond about with 1h as the bait throwing in standard; Nurturing period control water temperature is at 20-30 ℃, and salinity is at 25-32, cultivates through 20-40 days, and when shell length was grown to 2-3mm, juvenile mollusk can be thrown in and carry out intermediate rearing to the sea area;
7. sea area intermediate rearing: the tidewater fluctuation exchanges cultivating the sea area, and the unicellular alga that tidewater is brought into and organic debris provide the juvenile mollusk growth required bait, and intermediate rearing adopts a heavy basket type of rearing to carry out; Heavy basket utilizes bamboo, rattan or plastic crate, and specification is 45-50cm * 55-65cm * 15-25cm, adds clean middle rough sand; Thickness 13-18cm; In being carried to when juvenile mollusk is cultivated to 2-3cm, can emerge and culture to the sea area in the training place;
In the whole hybridization nurturing period, environmental condition is 20～30 ℃ of ocean temperatures, and salinity 23%-35 ‰; PH value 8.0-8.6, dissolved oxygen (DO) 4-8, chemical oxygen consumption (COD) 0.5-1.0mg/L; Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) 0.2-0.6mg/L; The ratio of beneficial bacterium in the seawater is regulated and improved to bacterium in the seawater through using the seawater probio, reduces disease incident.
2. big otter clam according to claim 1 and Australia otter clam cross breeding method is characterized in that said seawater probio refers to: the EM bacterium stoste of the biological Co., Ltd in Kang Yuan oasis, the dispensing amount is to contain probio concentration 5-10 * 10 in every cubic metre of seawater
8Cfu.
3. big otter clam according to claim 1 and Australia otter clam cross breeding method, it is characterized in that said unit cell algae bait refer to marine green alga, chlorella, Isochrysis galbana, Dicrateria inornata or the Chaetoceros muelleri of gathering under the self-sow environment a kind of or combination in any contain algae liquid.
4. big otter clam according to claim 1 and Australia otter clam cross breeding method; It is characterized in that said adherance refers to that thickness is 1-3mm; Diameter is the circular square or erose center Durchgangshohle plastics book sheet that 5-20cm makes, and passes book sheet center and the plastics string that conspires to create with plastic ties or metal wire or single.
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| CN108450378A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-08-28 | 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 | A kind of construction method of Shi Shi Le selection and breeding family |
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