CN102835356A - Breeding method of artificial parents of sipunculus nudus - Google Patents
Breeding method of artificial parents of sipunculus nudus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of artificial parents of sipunculus nudus. The sipunculus nudus is low in food chain level and strong in stress resistance, does not migrate in a long distance, and is cultivated without feeding, thereby being suitable for large-area artificial cultivation. By the technical measures of primary selection of parents, natural spawn cultivation, trochophore selection, larva cultivation and selection, cultivation and selection of young sipunculus nudus, parents breeding, and selection of the bred parents, excellent artificial parent selection and volume production of the sipunculus nudus are achieved under the situation of occupying fewer resources; the yield of parent selection is 77%-94%; the mean growth and metamosphsis rate of oosperms produced by the parents is 88%; the abnormal survival rate is 48.3%; the artificial breeding efficiency of the sipunculus nudus is greatly improved, and offspring seeds produced by the selected parents in mudflat aquaculture of two years grow faster than wild seeds by 8.3%. According to the invention, the parent selection of the sipunculus nudus is carried out under an artificial control condition; and the breeding method is shorter in time and stable in result, and plays a role in greatly promoting the development of an artificial aquaculture industry of the sipunculus nudus.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is the artificial parent selection of Sipunculus nudus, mainly is applicable to southern china coastal bare Sipunculus nudus parent seed selection and fine-variety breeding, belongs to breeding and the cultural technique field of Fisheries Science marine animal.
Background technology
Sipunculus nudus Sipunculus nudus; Have another name called bare Sipunculus nudus; Be commonly called as sandworm, be subordinate to sipunculan door, Sipunculus nudus genus, be the water warm cosmopolitan; Be distributed widely in three table runoffs more rich sandy or husky shale beach, coastal in China Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Taiwan all have a distribution.This kind food chain level is time low, and strong stress resistance does not have long apart from the migration transport phenomena, cultures and need not bait throwing in, is very suitable for large tracts of land and propagates artificially, and only the area, Guangxi can be supported area and reached more than 15.3 ten thousand mu.Progressively expansion along with the Sipunculus nudus aquaculture; The coastal masses in provinces such as Guangxi, Guangdong and even Fujian thirst for development Sipunculus nudus artificial increasing cultivation very much; But catching along with excessively adopting of natural resources, natural seeding, wild fry becomes very deficient; Simultaneously Sipunculus nudus artificial breeding technique difficulty is bigger, making great efforts through the long-term tackling key problem of growing seedlings in realizing that in recent years large-scale artificial grows seedlings, but the larvae survival rate still is in reduced levels.With regard to the present domestic volume production result that grows seedlings, the highest distortion ratio of the Sipunculus nudus sea ball young is no more than 22%, and the Sipunculus nudus breeding period time is short, the instability of growing seedlings.At us Sipunculus nudus in the long-term large-scale artificial seedling growth test process, is found the quality of Sipunculus nudus parent and success or failure and the output that the source fundamentally determines artificial breeding.In view of the above; Annual to carrying out seed selection in Sipunculus nudus parent aspect since 2007, annual the ripe parent of seed selection is carried out the natural spawning work of growing seedlings, grow seedlings and realize that the highest abnormal survival rate of the extra large ball young is 99.4%; Minimum 13.7%; Average 48.3%, abnormal back unit are larval culture density reaches as high as 35000/square metre, average about 15000/square metre; Improved the Sipunculus nudus large-scale artificial greatly and grown seedlings, the fingerlings artificial mudflat aquaculture growth rate that seed selection is simultaneously produced is faster than natural seeding, wild fry.Through retrieval, the research of Sipunculus nudus parent aspect is detected in us to the hasten parturition research of cultivation aspect of parent, in the disclosure of not seeing correlation technique aspect the parent seed selection both at home and abroad.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the artificial parent selection of Sipunculus nudus; Through preliminary seed selection excellent to the primary election of Sipunculus nudus parent and lay eggs cultivation, artificial seed; The parent source of growing seedlings and providing stable for the Sipunculus nudus large-scale artificial; And then supply the Sipunculus nudus young of a large amount of high-qualitys, for the Sipunculus nudus artificial increasing cultivation provides in batches and the artificial seed of high-quality.
For realizing the foregoing invention purpose, the present invention has taked following technical scheme, and the artificial parent selection of Sipunculus nudus may further comprise the steps:
(1) primary election of parent is excellent: at first carry out the spawning pond construction, the spawning pond floor space 10-20m of selection
2, depth of water 0.8-1.2m, half lays the thick sand of 5-10cm at the bottom of the pond, is main with rough sand, particle diameter 0.5-3mm; It is excellent to select annual mid-June to early August to carry out primary election then, can the alternative sandworm of excavating the same day be concentrated when selecting and stack, and tells the male and female worm; Male female worm selects than being 1: 1.5-2.2; Choose the back with sand filter seawater flushing, adopt the Benzylpenicillin sodium salt sea water immersion of 3-5mg/L to carry out disinfection in 5 minutes then, after be invested in spawning pond; When parent was thrown in the position husky in the shop, the husky person that do not dive eliminated in 1 minute;
(2) natural spawning is cultivated: parent is cultivated in spawning pond, and parent 5-10kg, monomer weight＞18g are cultivated in single pond; Breeding condition is intensity of illumination＜2500Lux, and day is changed water 100%, and bait is mainly benthic diatom; Spirulina powder and prawn slice, single pond benthic diatom feeding volume is 1-3 * 10
7Cell, spirulina powder and prawn slice feeding volume 2-5g, imitation morning and evening tides; Day drains water and keeps 1h, and the dark 1-1.2m of water filling treats its natural spawning, row's essence then; In vitro fertilization, reduce other people and be illumination, the temperature difference or dry in the shade stimulation, the too much smart and jejune ovum of output of the row of preventing;
(3) trochophore selects excellent: 20-24h adopts siphonage to collect fertilized egg behind the parent spawning and fertilization; Select excellent mode for collecting spawning pond apart from the single-wheel larva more than the 20cm of bottom; The grade that adopts 170 order mesh bags to carry out the individual size of trochophore is selected excellent; Leave and take the bigger trochophora in the mesh bag, floor space 10-20m is dropped in the back
2, the nursery pond of the dark 1-1.2m in pond is hatched and is cultivated;
(4) larval culture with select excellent: just incubated extra large ball larval culture time 8-10 days, 8-10 days generation sinkages fall seedling to husky pond, and the larval culture water temperature keeps 26-32 ℃; At 1-4 days of larval culture, cultivating density was 1/10ml, 1/20ml of 4-10 days cultivation density; Day quantity of exchanged water 60%-80%; Fell the pond once in 3-4 days, 1-5 days chrysophyceae of throwing something and feeding, pavlova viridis and Chaetoceros, feeding volume 1 * 10
4Cell/ml, 5-10 days Chaetoceros of throwing something and feeding, flat algae and avette algaes, every kind of bait 1-3 * 10 of feeding volume
4Cell/ml, day bait throwing in 1 time, intensity of illumination is lower than 3000Lux, the overrich in case bait is grown voluntarily, the grade of carrying out individual size when adopting 150 order mesh bags to change water collection seedling after 4 days is selected excellent, and it is individual directly to filter little individuality or depauperation;
(5) young siphon-worm cultivate with select excellent: the extra large ball young is about to metamorphosis through about 8-10 days cultivation and changes the end life of dwelling over to, with the bolting silk bag Miao Chi of dwelling the end of to is put in young collection at this moment, the end even spreading fine sand at the bottom of the seedling pond of dwelling; Particle diameter 0.02～1mm; Thickness 1-3cm is put seedling and was needed water filling 1-1.2m before 3 days, splashes 1 * 10
7The cell benthic diatom breeds, and it is dark to 1-1.2m to change water when putting seedling again, abnormal condition: water temperature keeps 29-33 ℃; The salinity sudden change is no more than 3; Dissolved oxygen＞3mg/L, vibrios content＜1300cfu/ml, complete metamorphosis is that the cultivation density of young siphon-worm is no more than 0.5/cm
2, keep depth of water 0.3m, changed water 100% at a distance from two days; The artificial feeding mainly adopted prawn slice and spirulina powder 1: 1, threw something and fed after rubbing filter with the hands with 150-170 order mesh bag, according to the situation increase and decrease feeding volume of ingesting; Be as the criterion to show a small surplus; Young siphon-worm is cultivated and selected excellent in 30 days and the cultivation of branch pond, and sieve is got the individuality of body weight＞0.028g, divides the pond to cultivate density 0.1-0.2 bar/cm
2, cultivated again 30 days;
(6) parent is bred: the young siphon-worm to artificially breeding was cultured 2 years, cultured the place and selected Sipunculus nudus nature producing region, and the beach table is mild; The sandy beach in intertidal zone of no tidewater water route process; Offshore need be excavated clean original remaining Sipunculus nudus, cultures the no water of place ebb and becomes silted up with long-pending; Remove too much large-scale assorted algae, culture 8/m of breeding density
2
(7) forming parent selects excellent again: operate excellently with parent primary election, during parent body weight＞22g,, repeated said process and carry out 2 parent seed selections or artificial breeding production than 5: 1 with male and female quantity;
Said water water quality does not have the special one-level sand filter seawater that is indicated as being, dissolved oxygen＞4mg/L, 26-32 ℃ of water temperature temperature, salinity 18-33;
Said benthic diatom is the benthic diatom of natural waters collection and cultivation, mainly comprises any mixed algae of the capable algae of boat, melosira and plumage line algae;
Said 150-170 order mesh bag is meant the mesh bag of landing net bore 0.15-0.17mm;
Said prawn slice are commercially available senior no slag prawn slice or the commercially available prawn slice of processing through zymotechnique.
Take the present invention of above-mentioned measure, through Sipunculus nudus parent proterties is selected, proterties selection of Artificial Control seed and cultivation and manual work are bred parent and are selected the excellent Sipunculus nudus parent seed selection work that realizes accomplishing again; 2 years seed selection phases, seed selection capable of circulation, the result is stable; Do not find the germplasm degeneration; Realized the stable supply of Sipunculus nudus high-quality parent, significantly improved the abnormal survival rate of the Sipunculus nudus young, the seed mudflat aquaculture growth rate of producing simultaneously is fast than natural seeding, wild fry.Technological process of the present invention is scientific and reasonable, and operability is strong with repeatability.Taking under the less resource situation; Realized the batch process of Sipunculus nudus high-quality parent, average parent is formed rate 41%, forms parent and selects excellent qualification rate 77%-94%; It is 88% that the fertilized egg of seed selection parent production is on average grown distortion ratio; Average abnormal survival rate 48.3% greatly improves Sipunculus nudus artificial breeding efficient, and the seed selection seed grows fast 8.3% than natural seeding, wild fry in the mudflat aquaculture in 2 years.The inventive method is carried out seed selection under the manual control condition, relative time is short and the seed selection result is stable, and the development of Sipunculus nudus artificial increasing cultivation industry is had great facilitation, and higher utility is arranged.
Embodiment
Below through embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
Implementation step:
1. the primary election of parent is excellent
Dug that 150kg carries out primary election the wild Sipunculus nudus colony of catching in mid-June, 2007 same day from coastal areas of southern China intertidal zone beach.Sipunculus nudus use the bamboo basket splendid attire before selecting, seal its anoxic is bleached, spread out then, the body colour of parent is slowly deepened by white, selects its reproductive cell of vigor parent observation preferably.Press gently with thumb and to wipe away its body surface, between the grid of body surface, can be observed free spherical ovum, be prone to observe near tentacle end body wall thinner area, it is big individual as dam's body that ovum is chosen in contrast; If observe the body fluid of white milkiness, there is irregular little spermatid group in inside, be male siphon-worm then, selects the dark individuality of body colour.It is individual to get rid of following characteristic when selecting: (1) rhynchodaenm is long cartridge type when shrinking; (2) rhynchodaenm, trunk end are light yellow; (3) spreading after 10 minutes the body surface subregion out, to present the oily five colours reflective; (4) its tentacle portion damage is difficult to stretch, the damaged or tangible depression of the existence scar of body wall.
Male female selecting than being 1: 2.1 selected parent 10kg, chooses the back with the sand filter seawater flushing, and the Benzylpenicillin sodium salt sea water solution with 5mg/L soaked 5 minutes then, after be invested in the spawning pond of 20 square metres of floor spaces.Spawning pond depth of water 1m, half lays the thick sand of about 10cm at the bottom of the pond, and husky is main with rough sand and gravel, particle diameter 0.5-3mm.Parent is thrown in the husky person that when the position of shop sand, will not dive after 1 minute and is pulled out superseded.
2. natural spawning is cultivated
The spawning pond top keeps intensity of illumination＜2500Lux.The imitation morning and evening tides day drains water 1h, finds that dead parent pulls out, and back water filling 1m treats its natural spawning, promptly changes water 100% every day.Drain the bait of throwing something and feeding behind the water, adopt the husky table mode of throwing something and feeding, with bait with throw something and feed after suitably fine sand is mixed thoroughly, bait is mainly benthic diatom, spirulina powder and prawn slice.Single pond benthic diatom feeding volume is 1-3 * 10
7Cell, seawood meal and prawn slice feeding volume 2-5g.Lay eggs should reduce in the cultivating process more than 4 ℃ thermal stimulation with reduce artificial light stimulation at night, make its natural spawning.It is more than laying eggs night, and average egg laying amount is 3 * 10
4The female siphon-worm of cell/, present embodiment lay eggs about 910 * 10 altogether
4Cell.
3. trochophore selects excellent
21-22h adopts siphonage to collect fertilized egg behind the ovum fertilization, and this moment, fertilized egg developed into trochophore.Collect the trochophore of spawning pond above water layer of 20cm earlier, in big basin, adopt 165-170 order 20 * 20 * 40cm afterwards apart from the bottom
3Mesh bag to carry out selecting of trochophore order of magnitude excellent, filter little individual trochophore, leave and take big individual about 500 * 10 in the mesh bag
4Cell drops into nursery pond afterwards and hatches and cultivate, about more than 30 hour incubation of membrane of trochophore.
Larval culture with select excellent
Hatch the ball young of going to sea by trochophore, 9 days extra large ball larval culture time, the generation sinkage fell seedling to nursery pond in 8-9 days.Cultivate whole process and give the water body blowing aeration, drop into 20m with Roots blower
35 of indoor cement pits, intensity of illumination is lower than 3000Lux.The larval culture water temperature keeps 27-32 ℃, and the temperature difference is less than 3 ℃.1-4 days, cultivating density was 1/10ml, 4-9 days, cultivated 1.2/20ml of density.Day quantity of exchanged water 60%-80% fell the pond once in 3-4 days.Bait is equipped with the about 100m of water body
3, every kind of bait is once cultivated 8m
3, 1-5 days, the chrysophyceae of throwing something and feeding, pavlova viridis and Chaetoceros, total feeding volume 1 * 10
4Cell/ml, 5-9 days Chaetoceros of throwing something and feeding, flat algae and avette algaes, total every kind of bait 1-3 * 10 of feeding volume
4Cell/ml, flat algae is no more than 5000cell/ml, day bait throwing in 1 time.Adopt direct filtration mode in the time of 4 days, change grade that water collection seedling carries out the individual size of the young with 150 order mesh bags and select excellently, it is individual to get rid of little individuality or depauperation, and present embodiment selects the excellent young 397 * 10
4Individual, select excellent extra large ball larva survive ratio to reach more than 95%.
5. young siphon-worm is cultivated and selects excellent
The sea ball young is about to metamorphosis through about 9 days cultivation and changes the end life of dwelling over to, this moment with mesh bag will metamorphosis the young be collected into the end Miao Chi of dwelling.Dwell and evenly be covered with fine sand, particle diameter 0.025～1mm, the about 2cm of thickness at the bottom of the Miao Chichi in the end.Putting seedling needed before 3 days to cultivate benthic diatom, through water filling 1m, splashed 1 * 10
7The cell benthic diatom breeds, and daylight is adopted in illumination.Again it is dark to 1m to change water when putting seedling, 30 ℃ of water temperatures, and the salinity sudden change is no more than 3, dissolved oxygen＞3mg/L, vibrios content＜1300cfu/ml.Fall the pond after 3 days complete metamorphosis be young siphon-worm, it cultivates 0.4/cm of density
2, pond depth of water 0.3m changed water 100% at a distance from two days.Abnormal back artificial feeding adopts mainly that the green strange international corporation in Taiwan produces ground board prawn slice and spirulina powder day 1: 1, threw something and fed after rubbing filter with the hands with 150 order mesh bags, increased and decreased feeding volume according to the situation of ingesting, and threw something and fed 10g/ time in every pond.Young siphon-worm is cultivated and selected excellent in 30 days and the cultivation of branch pond, and the screen cloth of employing network interface footpath 2.5mm sieves the individuality of getting body weight＞0.028g fast and carries out the cultivation of branch pond, and 0.2/cm of density is cultivated in the branch pond
2, 30 days cultivation time.Select 30.3 ten thousand of young siphon-worms that are fit to form parent in the young siphon-worm of present case.
6. parent is bred
Culture the place and select Sipunculus nudus nature beach producing region, China south, be sandy beach, the beach table is mild, and remaining Sipunculus nudus is few.The about 8/m of cultivation density
2, put 50 mu of (667m of area in a suitable place to breed
2).
7. forming parent selects excellent again
Parent is formed 2 years time, forms rate 43%, excavates 3 mu of statistics, forms parent and selects excellent qualification rate 88%, and male and female were than about 1: 1.
8. form parent artificial breeding result
In June, 2009 and July repeat parent and select excellent operation from excavate 3 mu alternative parent, choose body weight＞22g, and the parent 47kg of male and female than 5: 1 repeats above-mentioned larval culture process then.It is 86% that the fertilized egg of seed selection parent production is on average grown distortion ratio, and 52.0%, 3 mu of ground of average abnormal survival rate is bred parents culture and gone out 2,700 ten thousand in indoor seed (production 2 times of growing seedlings, seedling water 1100m
2, bait water body 300m
3), the seed that relatively seed selection was cultured in the later stage contrast in 2 years grows fast 8.3% than natural seeding, wild fry.
Embodiment 2
Implementation step:
1. the primary election of parent is excellent
Beach dug to catch the same day from the coastal areas of southern China intertidal zone in early July, 2008, and doing 3 hours the wild Sipunculus nudus 100kg of colony of fortune haulage time, to carry out primary election excellent.Select before with Sipunculus nudus with 2 (40 * 30 * 40cm of white foam case
3) splendid attire, sealing 6 minutes is that anoxic bleaches, and spreads its reproductive cell of the vigor of selecting parent observation preferably then out.Press gently with thumb during observation and wipe away its body surface, between the grid of body surface, can be observed free spherical ovum, be prone to observe near tentacle end body wall thinner area, it is big individual as dam's body that ovum is chosen in contrast; If observe the body fluid of white milkiness, there is irregular little spermatid group in inside, be male siphon-worm then, selects the dark individuality of body colour.It is individual to get rid of following characteristic when selecting: (1) rhynchodaenm is long cartridge type when shrinking; (2) rhynchodaenm, trunk end are light yellow; (3) spreading after 10 minutes the body surface subregion out, to present the oily five colours reflective; (4) its tentacle portion damage is difficult to stretch, the damaged or tangible depression of the existence scar of body wall.
Male female selecting than being 1: 1.6 selected parent 6kg, chooses the back with the sand filter seawater flushing, and the Benzylpenicillin sodium salt sea water solution with 3mg/L soaked 5 minutes then, after be invested in a floor space 20m
2Spawning inducing pool.Spawning inducing pool depth of water 1m, half lays the thick sand of about 10cm at the bottom of the pond, is equipped with 5 gas stone blowing aerations.Grains of sand footpath 0.5-2mm.Parent is thrown in the husky person that when the position of shop sand, will not dive after 1 minute and is pulled out.
2. natural spawning is cultivated
The spawning pond top keeps intensity of illumination＜2500Lux.The imitation morning and evening tides, day drains water 1h, and back water filling 1m treats its natural spawning, changes water 100% next day of not laying eggs, and lays eggs then directly to add water after the collection.Drain the bait of throwing something and feeding behind the water at every turn, adopt the husky table mode of throwing something and feeding, be sprinkled upon husky showing after bait and 500g fine sand are mixed thoroughly, bait is mainly benthic diatom, spirulina powder and prawn slice.Single pond benthic diatom feeding volume is 1-3 * 10
7Cell, spirulina powder and prawn slice feeding volume 2-5g, throw something and feed once every day.Present embodiment is gathered in the crops fertilized egg about 400 * 10 altogether
4Cel1.
3. trochophore selects excellent
24h adopts siphonage to collect fertilized egg behind the ovum fertilization, and this moment, fertilized egg developed into trochophore.Collect the trochophore of spawning pond above water layer of 20cm earlier, in big basin, adopt 165 orders, 20 * 20 * 40cm afterwards apart from the bottom
3Mesh bag to carry out selecting of trochophore order of magnitude excellent, filter little individual trochophore, leave and take big individual about 290 * 10 in the mesh bag
4Cell drops into nursery pond afterwards and hatches and cultivate about 33 hours incubation of membrane of trochophore.
Larval culture with select excellent
By the trochophore hatching ball young of going to sea, 10 days extra large ball larval culture time, began to take place sinkage in 9 days, fell seedling to husky pond in 10 days.Cultivate whole process and give the water body blowing aeration, drop into 20m with Roots blower
34 of indoor cement pits, intensity of illumination is lower than 2800Lux.26-31 ℃ of larval culture water temperature, the sudden change temperature difference is less than 3 ℃.1-4 days, cultivating density was 1/10ml, 4-10 days, cultivated 1/20ml of density.Day quantity of exchanged water 60%-80%, the later stage increases, and falls the pond once in 3-4 days.Bait is equipped with the about 100m of water body
3, every kind of bait is once cultivated 8m
3, 1-5 days, the chrysophyceae+pavlova viridis of throwing something and feeding+Chaetoceros, total feeding volume 1 * 10
4Cell/ml threw something and fed with Chaetoceros, flat algae and avette algae in 5-10 days, total every kind of bait 1-3 * 10 of feeding volume
4Cell/ml, flat algae is no more than 5000cell/ml, day bait throwing in 1 time.Adopt direct filtration mode in the time of 4 days, change grade that water collection seedling carries out the individual size of the young with 150 order mesh bags and select excellently, it is individual to get rid of little individuality or depauperation, and present embodiment selects the excellent young 255 * 10
4Individual, select excellent extra large ball larva survive ratio to reach more than 97%.
5. young siphon-worm is cultivated and selects excellent
The sea ball young is about to metamorphosis through 10 days cultivation and changes the end life of dwelling over to, this moment with mesh bag will metamorphosis the young be collected into the end Miao Chi of dwelling.Dwell and evenly be covered with fine sand, particle diameter 0.03-1.0mm, the about 2.5cm of thickness at the bottom of the Miao Chichi in the end.Putting seedling needed before 3 days to cultivate benthic diatom, through water filling 1m, splashed 1 * 10
7The cell benthic diatom breeds, and daylight is adopted in illumination.Again it is dark to 1m to change water when putting seedling, 33 ℃ of water temperatures, dissolved oxygen＞3mg/L, vibrios content＜1100cfu/ml.Fall the pond after 2 days complete metamorphosis be young siphon-worm, it cultivates 0.5/cm of density
2, pond depth of water 0.3m changed water 100% at a distance from two days.Abnormal back artificial feeding mainly adopts prawn slice and spirulina powder, and 1: 1, to throw something and feed after the 150 order mesh bags stranding filter, 10g was thrown something and fed once in every approximately pond.Young siphon-worm is cultivated and selected excellent in 30 days and the cultivation of branch pond, and the screen cloth of employing network interface footpath 2.5mm sieves the individuality of getting body weight＞0.028g fast and carries out the cultivation of branch pond, and 0.25/cm of density is cultivated in the branch pond
2, 30 days cultivation time.Select 20.4 ten thousand of young siphon-worms that are fit to form parent in the young siphon-worm of present case, selected part carries out parent and breeds.
6. parent is bred
Culture the place and select Sipunculus nudus nature beach producing region, China south, be sandy beach, the beach table is mild, and remaining Sipunculus nudus is few.The about 8/m of cultivation density
2, put 10 mu of areas in a suitable place to breed, form 2 years time.
7. forming parent selects excellent again
Parent is formed rate 37%, forms parent and selects excellent qualification rate 94%, and male and female were than about 1.3: 1.
8. form parent artificial breeding result
In late July, 2010 is chosen body weight＞20g, the male and female parent 25kg than 5: 1 from form parent, repeat above-mentioned larval culture process (artificial breeding production).It is 89% that the fertilized egg of seed selection parent production is on average grown distortion ratio, and average abnormal survival rate 46.4% is cultivated 1,570 ten thousand in indoor seed and (grown seedlings seedling water 1600m 1 time
2, bait water body 200m
3), the later stage contrast is cultured the seed of finding seed selection in 1 year and is grown fast 5.6% than natural seeding, wild fry.
Claims (1)
1. the artificial parent selection of Sipunculus nudus is characterized in that said selection may further comprise the steps:
(1) primary election of parent is excellent: at first carry out the spawning pond construction, the spawning pond floor space 10-20m of selection
2, depth of water 0.8-1.2m, half lays the thick sand of 5-10cm at the bottom of the pond, is main with rough sand, particle diameter 0.5-3mm; It is excellent to select annual mid-June to early August to carry out primary election then, can the alternative sandworm of excavating the same day be concentrated when selecting and stack, and tells the male and female worm; Male female worm selects than being 1: 1.5-2.2; Choose the back with sand filter seawater flushing, adopt the Benzylpenicillin sodium salt sea water immersion of 3-5mg/L to carry out disinfection in 5 minutes then, after be invested in spawning pond; When parent was thrown in the position husky in the shop, the husky person that do not dive eliminated in 1 minute;
(2) natural spawning is cultivated: parent is cultivated in spawning pond, and parent 5-10kg, monomer weight＞18g are cultivated in single pond; Breeding condition is intensity of illumination＜2500Lux, and day is changed water 100%, and bait is mainly benthic diatom; Spirulina powder and prawn slice, single pond benthic diatom feeding volume is 1-3 * 10
7Cell, spirulina powder and prawn slice feeding volume 2-5g, imitation morning and evening tides; Day drains water and keeps 1h, and the dark 1-1.2m of water filling treats its natural spawning, row's essence then; In vitro fertilization, reduce other people and be illumination, the temperature difference or dry in the shade stimulation, the too much smart and jejune ovum of output of the row of preventing;
(3) trochophore selects excellent: 20-24h adopts siphonage to collect fertilized egg behind the parent spawning and fertilization; Select excellent mode for collecting spawning pond apart from the single-wheel larva more than the 20cm of bottom; The grade that adopts 170 order mesh bags to carry out the individual size of trochophore is selected excellent; Leave and take the bigger trochophora in the mesh bag, floor space 10-20m is dropped in the back
2, the nursery pond of the dark 1-1.2m in pond is hatched and is cultivated;
(4) larval culture with select excellent: just incubated extra large ball larval culture time 8-10 days, 8-10 days generation sinkages fall seedling to husky pond, and the larval culture water temperature keeps 26-32 ℃; At 1-4 days of larval culture, cultivating density was 1/10ml, 1/20ml of 4-10 days cultivation density; Day quantity of exchanged water 60%-80%; Fell the pond once in 3-4 days, 1-5 days chrysophyceae of throwing something and feeding, pavlova viridis and Chaetoceros, feeding volume 1 * 10
4Cell/ml, 5-10 days Chaetoceros of throwing something and feeding, flat algae and avette algaes, every kind of bait 1-3 * 10 of feeding volume
4Cell/ml, day bait throwing in 1 time, intensity of illumination is lower than 3000Lux, the overrich in case bait is grown voluntarily, the grade of carrying out individual size when adopting 150 order mesh bags to change water collection seedling after 4 days is selected excellent, and it is individual directly to filter little individuality or depauperation;
(5) young siphon-worm cultivate with select excellent: the extra large ball young is about to metamorphosis through about 8-l0 days cultivation and changes the end life of dwelling over to, with the bolting silk bag Miao Chi of dwelling the end of to is put in young collection at this moment, the end even spreading fine sand at the bottom of the seedling pond of dwelling; Particle diameter 0.02～1mm; Thickness 1-3cm is put seedling and was needed water filling 1-1.2m before 3 days, splashes 1 * 10
7The cell benthic diatom breeds, and it is dark to 1-1.2m to change water when putting seedling again, abnormal condition: water temperature keeps 29-33 ℃; The salinity sudden change is no more than 3; Dissolved oxygen＞3mg/L, vibrios content＜1300cfu/ml, complete metamorphosis is that the cultivation density of young siphon-worm is no more than 0.5/cm
2, keep depth of water 0.3m, changed water 100% at a distance from two days; The artificial feeding mainly adopted prawn slice and spirulina powder 1: 1, threw something and fed after rubbing filter with the hands with 150-170 order mesh bag, according to the situation increase and decrease feeding volume of ingesting; Be as the criterion to show a small surplus; Young siphon-worm is cultivated and selected excellent in 30 days and the cultivation of branch pond, and sieve is got the individuality of body weight＞0.028g, divides the pond to cultivate density 0.1-0.2 bar/cm
2, cultivated again 30 days;
(6) parent is bred: the young siphon-worm to artificially breeding was cultured 2 years, cultured the place and selected Sipunculus nudus nature producing region, and the beach table is mild; The sandy beach in intertidal zone of no tidewater water route process; Offshore need be excavated clean original remaining Sipunculus nudus, cultures the no water of place ebb and becomes silted up with long-pending; Remove too much large-scale assorted algae, culture 8/m of breeding density
2
(7) forming parent selects excellent again: operate excellently with parent primary election, during parent body weight＞22g,, repeated said process and carry out 2 parent seed selections or artificial breeding production than 5: 1 with male and female quantity;
Said water water quality does not have the special one-level sand filter seawater that is indicated as being, dissolved oxygen＞4mg/L, 26-32 ℃ of water temperature temperature, salinity 18-33;
Said benthic diatom is the benthic diatom of natural waters collection and cultivation, mainly comprises any mixed algae of the capable algae of boat, melosira and plumage line algae;
Said 150-170 order mesh bag is meant the mesh bag of landing net bore 0.15-0.17mm;
Said prawn slice are commercially available senior no slag prawn slice or the commercially available prawn slice of processing through zymotechnique.
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| CN105918172A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-09-07 | 海南省海洋与渔业科学院 | Ecological culture method for Penaeus vannamei and Sipunculus nudus |
| CN106035246A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-10-26 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for cultivating larvae of sipunculus nudus indoors |
| CN110915766A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-03-27 | 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 | Method for breeding Sipunculus nudus seedlings by using hard bottom pond |
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| CN103598149A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-02-26 | 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 | High-yield mudflat cultivation method of Sipunculus nudus |
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| CN106035246B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2019-09-10 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of method of seed rearing in Sipunculus nudus room |
| CN110915766A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-03-27 | 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 | Method for breeding Sipunculus nudus seedlings by using hard bottom pond |
| CN110915766B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-02-01 | 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 | Method for breeding Sipunculus nudus seedlings by using hard bottom pond |
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