CN103430894B - Method for cultivating anarrhichthys ocellatus larvas - Google Patents
Method for cultivating anarrhichthys ocellatus larvas Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating anarrhichthys ocellatus larvas, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture. The method comprises techniques including germ cell collection, germ cell incubation and larva cultivation. According to the method for cultivating the anarrhichthys ocellatus larvas, provided by the invention, the problems that the anarrhichthys ocellatus germ eggs as adhesive eggs are easily infected by bacteria to be rotten due to poor permeability and long incubation period, algae are propagated and the like are solved, the incubation rate of the anarrhichthys ocellatus germ eggs reaches 90 percent; a perfect anarrhichthys ocellatus propagation technical system is established so that the survival rate of cultivating the anarrhichthys ocellatus fry reaches 55 percent. The method provided by the invention is a technique breaking through the anarrhichthys ocellatus larvas for the first time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, relate to particularly a kind of wolf eel offspring seed cultivation method.
Background technology
Wolf eel (Anarrhichthys ocellatus Ayres, 1855) belong to Perciformes (Perciformes), wolf Blenniidae section (Anarhichadidae), eel wolffish genus (Anarrhichthys), English name Wolf-eel, Chinese name wolf eel, wolf eel, imperial eel etc., be distributed widely in northern marine site, the Pacific Ocean, see the even Arctic Sea of West Coast of the sea of Japan, Russia, south, Alaska bank, Aleutians, America & Canada.Wolf eel belongs to abyssal fishes, inhabits seabed, also can adapt to the intertidal zone hermatolith environment of coastal region.Young wolf eel lives in more shallow waters, after growth, just can transfer in darker under water cave and live.
Supporting kind with current China seawater industrial culturing master compares, wolf eel has individuality, and (ripe individual body length can reach 2～2.5 meters greatly, body weight can reach 15～20 kilograms), fast growth (can grow more than 5 kilograms for 3～5 years, increase every year on average more than 1 kilogram), (low temperature can tolerate 0.5 DEG C to wide accommodation, high temperature can tolerate 24 DEG C, salinity tolerance range 4～34 ‰), cultivation density large (cultivation density can reach 30～50 kilograms), delicious flavour, the feature such as nutritious, DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT is wide.But have no up to now the report of wolf eel rearing of fingerling.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of wolf eel offspring seed cultivation method.The present invention is by processing wolf eel fertilized egg, solving wolf eel fertilized egg is one, the sticky work of viscid egg, permeability is poor, brooding time long (about 100 days) is subject to bacterium and infects and rot, and ovum surface easily grows the features such as algae, improve the incubation rate of fertilized egg, simultaneously according to the developmental characteristic of wolf eel prelarva, be provided with corresponding breeding condition, the higher weed survival rate of acquisition.
A kind of wolf eel offspring seed cultivation method, comprises collecting fertilized eggs, incubating oosperm and larval culture technology, and concrete steps are as follows:
1. collecting fertilized eggs
After wolf eel parent spawning and fertilization, the wolf eel parent that protects ovum is disturbed, after parent leaves fertilized egg, by diddle-net, fertilized egg is pulled out rapidly;
2. the hatching of fertilized egg
After iodine liquid disinfectant 3～5min to fertilized egg with talcum powder unsticking, 60～90ppm, putting into funnel shaped demersal egg incubation net cage hatches; In hatching process, every 15～20 days, after ovum is collected, seawater makes dead ovum becomes reconciled ovum layering that to adopt salinity be 35～40, rejected the dead ovum of bottom, and the good ovum in upper strata is with again hatching after iodine liquid disinfectant 3～5min of 60～90ppm; Incubating oosperm condition is: hatching density 1 × 10
4～1.2 × 10
4grain/m
3water body, 12～14 DEG C of temperature, pH7.8～8.2, intensity of illumination 100～200Lx, salinity 28～35, inflated size is advisable in suspended state with ovum, and dissolved oxygen amount is greater than 6mg/L; Fertilized egg was through 95～98 days incubation of membrane;
3 seed rearings
3.1 breeding condition
Prelarva hatches removes dead ovum by fertilized egg with the seawater that salinity is 35～40 in first 2～3 days, and with cloth pond after the iodine liquid disinfectant of 60～90ppm, cloth ovum density is 5 × 10
3～6 × 10
3grain/m
3water body; Cloth pond intensity of illumination 500～600Lx, water level 40～50cm, 14～15 DEG C of water temperatures, pH7.8～8.2, dissolved oxygen 6～8mg/L, uninterruptedly inflation, and the concentrated chlorella of adding 50～1,000,000 cells/mL is to improve water quality;
3.2 water quality management
Prelarva hatches to 4 ages in days employing hydrostatic to be cultivated, and 5～10 ages in days change water 20%～30% every day, and 11 ages in days increase quantity of exchanged water later gradually, to the flowing water cultivation later of 30～40 ages in days; Water temperature maintains 15 DEG C before 4 ages in days, within later every 3 days, rises 0.5 DEG C, cultivates to constant temperature after 18 DEG C, adds concentrated chlorella and the 10～20ml/m of 50～1,000,000 cells/mL every day
3photosynthetic bacteria to regulate and to improve water quality;
3.3 bait feeding
Wolf eel prelarva is at 3 age in days initial feedings, 3～20 ages in days, and the artemia nauplii of throwing something and feeding after 20～30g/, hundred million ind split kettle algae strengthening 8～12h, density is controlled at 4～6/ml; 21 ages in days start to tame the artifical compound feed of throwing something and feeding, and reduce the feeding volume of artemia nauplii, to 30～40 ages in days, stop adding chlorella and photosynthetic bacteria, start all to throw something and feed manufactured feed;
3.4 inhale the end
In the time of wolf eel prelarva 6～8 age in days, inhale at the end for the first time, while inhaling the end, action is wanted slowly, to reduce sucking-off prelarva quantity; Inhaled the end once every 2～3 days later, all throw something and feed after manufactured feed, prelarva individuality is very strong, is throwing something and feeding after bait 1h, adopts the method that slowly pushes away pond that foul is discharged with flowing water by central tube;
3.5 daily management
Between daily patrol car, check that gas, water quality and temperature are without abnormal conditions, and make a record.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art:
The invention provides wolf eel offspring seed cultivation method, having solved wolf eel fertilized egg is that viscid egg permeability is poor, and brooding time length is subject to bacterium and infects and rot, and grows the problems such as algae, makes wolf eel hatchability of fertile eggs reach 90%; Set up perfect wolf eel raising technology system, made seed rearing survival rate reach 55%.
The present invention is for breaking through first wolf eel seed propagation in scale technology.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is further explained, but protection scope of the present invention is not subject to any pro forma restriction of embodiment.
Embodiment 1
In March, 2013, we have carried out the seed rearing work of wolf eel in development zone, Yantai Yi Jia plant, and start first parent have been carried out to genital regulating in December, 2012, and concrete steps are as follows:
1. parent is selected
Select wolf eel raun, each 50 tails of milter, selection criteria is that the bodily form is complete, color and luster normal, healthy, energetic, ingest well, milter is more than 4 ages, body length is more than 120 centimetres, body weight is more than 1600g; Raun more than 5 ages, female fish length more than 140 centimetres, body weight is more than 2000 grams.
2. parent fish rearing
2.1 density controls
Be controlled at 2～3 tails/m
2, because wolf eel has monogamy, female-male proportion is 1:1.
2.2 fortification
Accelerating phase bait, taking oyster meat, yellow croaker and scomberomorus niphonius fish piece as main, is thrown something and fed 2 times every day, and day throwing amount of raising is 2%～3% of fish body weight.Egg-laying period bait is taking live clam worm and little yellow croaker piece as main, and yellow croaker piece adds the lecithin of 3～5 ‰ B B-complex and 1～2 ‰ before throwing something and feeding.
2.3 temperature controls
In the time that natural temperature is down to 4～5 DEG C, keep constant temperature 7～10 days, then within 3 days, rise 0.5 DEG C, rise to 10 DEG C, constant temperature is cultivated.
2.4 illumination controls
Wolf eel belongs to the type fish that lay eggs spring, and finally reaching maturity of parent needs a process that illumination extends gradually.Start after regulation and control, parents culture pond surrounding is blocked with gobo, and 4 of the incandescent lamp bulbs of 100w are evenly installed dried up 0.4～0.6m eminence, and intensity of illumination is 600～800Lx.Regulation and control light application time changes with the variation of water temperature.In the time that water temperature is down to 4～5 DEG C, light application time is 12h, keeps 7～10 days, then within 3 days, extends 20min, keeps light application time at 6:00～22:00 14h altogether, and permanent light is cultivated.
2.5 things concealeds are selected
Wolf eel has a pair of male and female characteristic that a place lives in caves of living together, and in pond, to lay the internal diameter identical with female parent stock be 110mm cultivating, the PVC plastic tube that length is 30～40cm as wolf eel things concealed with protect ovum place.
2.6 daily management
Change water 300%～400% every day, continue blowing aeration, keep dissolved oxygen more than 5mg/L; Every day 1 time, clear pond, to remove residual bait and ight soil, not timing measure water temperature, prevent that fluctuating temperature amplitude is excessive.Make regular check on parent gonad development situation, comprehensively analyze regulating effect.
3. induction gonad development
Production practices discovery, wolf eel is difficult to be issued to final Maturation and spawning at artificial regulatory method.Generally, after wolf eel parent sexual gland is obviously grown, check raun gonad development situation, gonad development to the female parent population of IV phase is hastened parturition.Because wolf eel is more violent, before injection hormone, adopt 80～100ppm eugenol anesthesia, 5～10min, after its muscle tone is lost, LH injection RH-A2 10～20 μ g/kg hasten parturition.Milter can be extruded milky seminal fluid under artificial regulatory, does not generally carry out hormone induction.Wolf eel raun aftereffect time of hastening parturition is 42～50 hours, can obtain fertilized egg by the mode of natural spawning.Parent gonad development is cultivated success rate and is reached 85%, fertilization rate reached 80%.
To the parent after above domestication, utilize technical method of the present invention to cultivate wolf eel seed, concrete steps are as follows:
A kind of wolf eel incubating oosperm and larval culture method, comprise collecting fertilized eggs, incubating oosperm and rearing of fingerling, and concrete steps are as follows:
1. collecting fertilized eggs
Wolf eel fertilized egg is viscid egg, and one, the sticky work of fertilized egg after output is attached on pvc pipe.In addition wolf eel also has the ovum of protecting behavior, and under field conditions (factors), parent circle becomes a circle, in the middle of fertilized egg is trapped among, hatches.The present embodiment, by the parent that protects ovum is disturbed, after parent leaves fertilized egg, is pulled fertilized egg out by diddle-net rapidly, thereby is obtained fertilized egg.
2. the hatching of fertilized egg
Wolf eel fertilized egg is generally through about 100 days ability incubation of membrane, during due to incubating oosperm, compole is long, and one, the sticky work of ovum causes inner ovum permeability poor, the restriction of the condition such as industrial aquaculture water exchange capacity is less in addition, as easy as rolling off a log cause fertilized egg because of bacterium infect rot and grow algae, thereby the quality that affects incubation rate and just incubate seed.
For wolf eel fertilized egg characteristic, the present invention puts into funnel shaped demersal egg incubation net cage by the fertilized egg of acquisition after the iodine liquid disinfectant 3～5min with talcum powder unsticking, 60～90ppm and carries out artificial incubation, for preventing that ovum surface algae from growing, the strict incubating oosperm intensity of illumination of controlling, hatchery is blocked with black cloth, control hatchery illumination in 150Lx; Later every through 18 days, after the fertilized egg of hatching is collected, adopt seawater that salinity is 38 to make the ovum layering of becoming reconciled of dead ovum, reject the dead ovum of bottom, hatching again after the iodine liquid disinfectant 5min of 80ppm for the good ovum in upper strata.Incubating oosperm condition is: hatching density is 100,000/m
3water body, 12～14 DEG C of temperature, pH7.8～8.2, salinity 28～35, inflated size is advisable in suspended state with ovum, and dissolved oxygen amount is greater than 6mg/L.Fertilized egg was through 95 days incubation of membrane.Reach 90% through statistics hatchability of fertile eggs.
3. seed rearing
3.1 breeding condition
Prelarva hatches removes dead ovum by fertilized egg with the seawater that salinity is 35 in first 2～3 days, and with cloth pond after the iodine liquid disinfectant of 60ppm, cloth ovum density is 6 × 10
3grain/m
3water body.Cloth pond intensity of illumination 600Lx, water level 40cm, 14～15 DEG C of water temperatures, pH7.8～8.2, dissolved oxygen 6～8mg/L, uninterruptedly inflation, and the concentrated chlorella of adding 900,000 cells/mL is to improve water quality.
3.2 water quality management
Prelarva hatches to 4 ages in days employing hydrostatic to be cultivated, and 5～10 ages in days change water 20%～30% every day, and 11 ages in days increase quantity of exchanged water later gradually, until flowing water is cultivated after 30 ages in days.Cultivate water uses after sand filtration, sterilizing, temperature adjustment.Water temperature maintains 15 DEG C before 4 ages in days, within later every 3 days, rises 0.5 DEG C, cultivates to constant temperature after 18 DEG C.Add concentrated chlorella and the 15ml/m of 600,000 cells/mL every day
3photosynthetic bacteria to improve water quality.
3.3 bait feeding
Because wolf eel prelarva individuality is larger, absorb totally initial feeding at 3 age in days yolk sac, 3～20 ages in days, the artemia nauplii of throwing something and feeding after 20～30g/, hundred million ind split kettle algae strengthening 10h, density is controlled at 4～6/ml; 21 ages in days start to tame the artifical compound feed of throwing something and feeding, and reduce the feeding volume of artemia nauplii, and start flowing water to 30 ages in days later and cultivate, stop adding chlorella and photosynthetic bacteria, and start all to throw something and feed manufactured feed, after this constantly adjust manufactured feed particle diameter with the increase of larvae growth and schistostoma.Bait is thrown something and fed 2 times every day, and manufactured feed feeding volume is according to the fry situation adjustment of ingesting.
3.4 inhale the end
Inhale at the end for the first time at wolf eel prelarva 6～8 ages in days, while inhaling the end, action is wanted slowly, to reduce sucking-off prelarva quantity.Inhaled the end once every 2～3 days later, all throw something and feed after manufactured feed, prelarva individuality is very strong, is throwing something and feeding after bait 1h, adopts the method that slowly pushes away pond that foul is discharged with flowing water by central tube.
3.5 daily management
Want between frequent patrol car, check that gas, water quality and temperature are without abnormal conditions, and make a record.Monthly according to the cultivation density Huo Fen of falling pond pond 1 time, and sampling and measuring body weight gain, calculate feed coefficient, comprehensive analysis formed effect.In the time that individual difference is remarkable, carry out a specification screening.
Under 16～18 DEG C of conditions of water temperature, through the cultivation of 70～90 days, seed total length reached 8～12cm, can be used as commercial seedling kind and sold, and final process statistics seed rearing survival rate reaches 55%.
Carry out artificial incubation simultaneously at the present embodiment, leave and take approximately 100,000 fertilized eggs that 5 pairs of wolf eel parents produce and allow parent protect ovum naturally to hatch.Result shows, fertilized egg is being hatched to 70-80 days, most of parasitic bacteria and algae and perish, and final is only 5%-10% through statistics hatchability of fertile eggs, weed survival rate is 20%-25%.
Claims (1)
1. a wolf eel offspring seed cultivation method, comprises and hatching and the rearing of fingerling of collecting fertilized eggs, fertilized egg it is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
1) collecting fertilized eggs
After wolf eel parent spawning and fertilization, the wolf eel parent that protects ovum is disturbed, after parent leaves fertilized egg, by diddle-net, fertilized egg is pulled out rapidly;
2) hatching of fertilized egg
Fertilized egg is used to talcum powder unsticking, after iodine liquid disinfectant 3～5min of 60～90ppm, put into funnel shaped demersal egg incubation net cage and hatch; In hatching process, every 15～20 days, after ovum is collected, seawater makes dead ovum becomes reconciled ovum layering that to adopt salinity be 35～40, rejected the dead ovum of bottom, and the good ovum in upper strata is with again hatching after iodine liquid disinfectant 3～5min of 60～90ppm; Incubating oosperm condition is: hatching density 1 × 10
4～1.2 × 10
4grain/m
3water body, 12～14 DEG C of temperature, pH7.8～8.2, intensity of illumination 100～200Lx, salinity 28～35, inflated size is advisable in suspended state with ovum, and dissolved oxygen amount is greater than 6mg/L; Fertilized egg was through 95～98 days incubation of membrane;
3) seed rearing
3.1 breeding condition
Prelarva hatches removes dead ovum by fertilized egg with the seawater that salinity is 35～40 in first 2～3 days, and with cloth pond after the iodine liquid disinfectant of 60～90ppm, cloth ovum density is 5 × 10
3～6 × 10
3grain/m
3water body; Cloth pond intensity of illumination 500～600Lx, water level 40～50cm, 14～15 DEG C of water temperatures, pH7.8～8.2, dissolved oxygen 6～8mg/L, uninterruptedly inflation, and the concentrated chlorella of adding 50～1,000,000 cells/mL is to improve water quality;
3.2 water quality management
Prelarva hatches to 4 ages in days employing hydrostatic to be cultivated, and 5～10 ages in days change water 20%～30% every day, and 11 ages in days increase quantity of exchanged water later gradually, to the flowing water cultivation later of 30～40 ages in days; Water temperature maintains 15 DEG C before 4 ages in days, within later every 3 days, rises 0.5 DEG C, cultivates to constant temperature after 18 DEG C, adds concentrated chlorella and the 10～20ml/m of 50～1,000,000 cells/mL every day
3photosynthetic bacteria to regulate and to improve water quality;
3.3 bait feeding
Wolf eel prelarva is at 3 age in days initial feedings, 3～20 ages in days, and the artemia nauplii of throwing something and feeding after 20～30g/, hundred million ind split kettle algae strengthening 8～12h, density is controlled at 4～6/ml; 21 ages in days start the domestication artifical compound feed of throwing something and feeding, and reduce the feeding volume of artemia nauplii, stop adding chlorella and photosynthetic bacteria to 30～40 ages in days later, start all to throw something and feed manufactured feed;
3.4 inhale the end
In the time of wolf eel prelarva 6～8 age in days, inhale at the end for the first time, while inhaling the end, action is wanted slowly, to reduce sucking-off prelarva quantity; Inhaled the end once every 2～3 days later, all throw something and feed after manufactured feed, prelarva individuality is very strong, is throwing something and feeding after bait 1h, adopts the method that slowly pushes away pond that foul is discharged with flowing water by central tube;
3.5 daily management
Between daily patrol car, check that gas, water quality and temperature are without abnormal conditions, and make a record.
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| CN104509468A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-15 | 天津市益多利来水产养殖有限公司 | Fry breeding method of sea eels |
| CN104663540B (en) * | 2015-01-31 | 2017-03-22 | 陈宏� | Aquaculture process for South American eel larvae |
| CN106234276A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-21 | 苏州市阳澄湖三家村蟹业有限公司 | A kind of flowing water culture method of Anguillar japonica |
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| CN102461470A (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2012-05-23 | 张松 | Low-salinity artificial seedling and fresh water culture method for takifugu flavidus |
| CN102150633A (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2011-08-17 | 苏州市水产研究所有限公司 | Cultivation method for summer fingerling of pelteobagrus |
| DE102012006275B3 (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-01-31 | Wolfgang Markus | Breeding eels from eggs in a container filled water in controlled environment, comprises producing leptocephalus from fertilized eggs and rearing the leptocephalus in which the fertilized eggs in the container together bring picoplankton |
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