CN114698580B - Artificial breeding method for large-size seeds of Meretrix Linnaeus - Google Patents
Artificial breeding method for large-size seeds of Meretrix Linnaeus Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 241001262059 Meretrix Species 0.000 title claims description 16
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 claims description 38
- 241001123258 Meretrix meretrix Species 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000227752 Chaetoceros Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000206751 Chrysophyceae Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000196317 Platymonas Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000514743 Cyclina sinensis Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 5
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- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 description 4
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196252 Ulva Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001576503 Mellea Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000196321 Tetraselmis Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237503 Pectinidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001646828 Platostoma chinense Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001492261 Pleurotaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196316 Tetraselmis subcordiformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001661641 Verrucosa Species 0.000 description 1
- AEEAZFQPYUMBPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [I].[W] Chemical compound [I].[W] AEEAZFQPYUMBPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an artificial breeding method of large-size fingerlings of cyclina sinensis, belongs to the technical field of shellfish breeding, and comprises juvenile shellfish breeding and middle-sized fingerlings breeding. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the large-scale breeding of the female clams can be realized, the spawning induction discharge rate of parent clams of the female clams is 60%, the fertilization rate is 85%, the hatching rate is 90%, and the larva metamorphosis rate is more than 50%; and the survival rate reaches more than 30 percent, and the clam can be moved to a natural sea area for cultivation when the shell of the clam grows to 2-3 cm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shellfish breeding, and particularly relates to an artificial breeding method of large-size seeds of cyclina sinensis.
Background
Meretrix Linnaeus belongs to the phylum mollusca, the class of Lamellibranchia, the order of Pleuromorpha, and the family of Pleurotaceae. China is mainly distributed in Zhejiang, fujian, guangdong, guangxi and Taiwan sea areas, and abroad is mainly distributed in Japan, western Pacific, etc. The Chinese Meretrix Linnaeus is most abundant in soft bottom containing shell, and mainly inhabits sandy seabed from the lower part of intertidal zone to shallow sea, and is buried for life. Chinese cyclina sinensis is one of seawater economic shellfish having great development prospect, but in recent years, the Chinese cyclina sinensis is captured and caught by predatory nature in natural sea areas, wild resources are gradually exhausted, and the current market price is as high as 80-120 yuan/kg.
At present, the Chinese cyclina sinensis is induced to spawn and breed small-specification young shellfish by adopting a physical comprehensive stimulation method combining shade drying, iodine tungsten lamp irradiation for improving the body temperature of parent shellfish and running water stimulation, and no report related to the artificial breeding method of large-specification young shellfish of the Chinese cyclina sinensis is seen.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide an artificial breeding method for large-size seeds of Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus, and the artificial breeding method provided by the invention can realize that the shells of the artificially obtained Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus of large-scale seeds of Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus grow to 2-3 cm, and then the seeds can be moved to natural sea areas for culture.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an artificial breeding method of large-size seeds of Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus, which comprises the following steps:
1) Cultivating the young mollusks of the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus obtained by breeding, replacing 50% of fresh water every 1-2 days, pouring the shell of the young mollusks into a pool when the shell grows to 1-2 mm, removing the attached matrix, and continuously cultivating for 3-5 months to obtain medium-sized fries with the shell growing to be larger than 1 cm;
2) Culturing the medium-sized seedlings with the shell length of more than 1cm in the step 1) for 4-6 months under the conditions that the temperature is 20-30 ℃ and the salinity is 28-31 to obtain the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus with the shell length of 2-3 cm.
Preferably, the temperature for continuously culturing in the step 1) is 18-32 ℃, and the salinity is 28-31.
Preferably, the immortal fungus obtained by the cultivation in the step 1) isWhen the young mollusks of the clams are cultivated, the bait comprises one or more of chrysophyceae, chaetoceros and platymonas, and the feeding amount of the bait is 8-10 multiplied by 10 4 cell/mL, the density of the cultivation is 20-50 ten thousand grains/m 2 ；
After the juvenile mollusks of the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus obtained by the culture are cultivated for 1 to 2 weeks, pond algae water is fed, and golden algae, chaetoceros and Platymonas mellifolia are fed when the pond algae water is insufficient.
Preferably, the initial density of the seedlings with the shell length of more than 1cm cultured in the step 2) is 10-30 ten thousand grains/m 2 。
Preferably, the method for feeding the juvenile mollusks of the fairy clams comprises the following steps:
performing induced spawning, fertilization and incubation on the clam parent shellfish with full gonads to obtain D-shaped larvae;
and (3) cultivating the D-shaped larvae to stolon larvae, and when the shells of the stolon larvae grow to 180-200 mu m and have no eyespot, extending out of the feet of more than 50% of the stolon larvae for in-vitro exploration, carrying out adhesion cultivation to obtain the juvenile mollusks of the fairy clams.
Preferably, the spawning induction method comprises the steps of drying in the shade and heating to 5-10 ℃; the drying time in the shade is 8-10 h;
the incubation time is 18-22 h.
Preferably, the selection criteria of the parent clam of fairy clam comprise: the weight of the parent clam is 34-69 g, and the shell height of the parent clam is 40-51 mm.
Preferably, the fertilization comprises fertilization after sperm and egg discharge in water to obtain fertilized eggs;
the temperature of the water in the fertilization process is 5-10 ℃ lower than the body temperature of the parent shell of the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus.
Preferably, the density of the fertilized eggs in water is 5-10 eggs/mL; the temperature of the water is 25-30 ℃, and the salinity of the water is 25-30.
Preferably, the substrate for adhesion culture comprises fine sand, the particle size of the fine sand is less than 80 μm, and the thickness of the throwing substrate is less than 1mm.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides an artificial breeding method of large-size seeds of Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus, which comprises the following steps: 1) Cultivating juvenile mollusks of the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus, replacing 50% of fresh water every 1-2 days, pouring the shell of the juvenile mollusks into a pond when the shell grows to 1-2 mm, removing the attached matrix, and continuously cultivating for 3-5 months to obtain medium-sized seedlings with the shell growing to be larger than 1 cm; 2) Culturing the medium-sized seedling with the shell length of more than 1cm in the step 1) for 4-6 months under the conditions that the temperature is 20-30 ℃ and the salinity is 28-31 to obtain the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus with the shell length of 2-3 cm. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the large-scale breeding of the female clams can be realized, the spawning induction discharge rate of parent clams of the female clams is 60%, the fertilization rate is 85%, the hatching rate is 90%, and the larva metamorphosis rate is more than 50%; and the survival rate reaches more than 30 percent, and the clam can be moved to a natural sea area for cultivation when the shell of the clam grows to 2-3 cm.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an artificial breeding method of large-size seeds of Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus, which comprises the following steps:
1) Cultivating young mollusks of the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus, changing 50% fresh water every 1-2 days, pouring the shell of the young mollusks into a pool when the shell grows to 1-2 mm, removing the attached matrix, and continuously cultivating for 3-5 months to obtain medium-sized seedlings with the shell growing to be larger than 1 cm;
2) Culturing the medium-sized seedling with the shell length of more than 1cm in the step 1) for 4-6 months under the conditions that the temperature is 20-30 ℃ and the salinity is 28-31 to obtain the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus with the shell length of 2-3 cm.
The method comprises the steps of cultivating juvenile mollusks of the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus, replacing 50% of fresh water every 1-2 days, pouring the shell of the juvenile mollusks into a pond when the shell grows to 1-2 mm, removing the attached matrix, and continuously cultivating for 3-5 months to obtain medium-sized seedlings with the shell growing to be larger than 1 cm.
The method for feeding the juvenile mollusks of the fairy clams comprises the following steps:
performing induced spawning, fertilization and incubation on the clam parent shellfish with full gonads to obtain D-shaped larvae;
and (3) cultivating the D-shaped larvae to stolon larvae, and when the shells of the stolon larvae grow to 180-200 mu m and have no eyespot, extending out of the feet of more than 50% of the stolon larvae for in-vitro exploration, carrying out adhesion cultivation to obtain the juvenile mollusks of the fairy clams.
The invention preferably performs induced spawning, fertilization and hatching on the clam parent shellfish with full gonads to obtain D-shaped larvae.
In the present invention, the parent scallop of Meretrix meretrix is preferably washed before drying in the shade. The number ratio of female shellfish to male shellfish of parent shellfish of Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus is not particularly limited in the present invention.
In the present invention, the selection criteria of the parent clam of Meretrix meretrix preferably include: the weight of the parent clam of the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus is preferably 34-69 g, and more preferably 40-60 g; the shell height of the parent shell of the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus is preferably 40-51 mm. In the invention, the parent clam of the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus is preferably the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus which is good in vitality, strong in physique and free of damage. The parent scallop of the Meretrix Linnaeus is preferably placed in an outdoor soil pond with the area of 20-30 mu for intensive cultivation, and the aim of the intensive cultivation is to enable the gonads of the parent scallop of the Meretrix Linnaeus to be full. The method for the enhanced cultivation is not specially limited, and the parent scallop of the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus is full of gonads by adopting a conventional enhanced cultivation method. The invention has no special limit on the feeding density and proportion of the prawn and the parent clam in the outdoor pond. In the present invention, the time for the intensive cultivation is preferably 1 to 2 months.
The method for inducing spawning preferably comprises the steps of drying in the shade and heating to 5-10 ℃. The drying time in the shade is preferably 8 to 10 hours, and more preferably 9 hours. The temperature of the temperature rise in the present invention is more preferably 7 to 8 ℃. The incubation time of the present invention is preferably 18 to 22 hours, more preferably 20 hours.
Fertilization according to the present invention preferably includes fertilization after discharging sperm and eggs, the discharging sperm and eggs are preferably performed in a nursery pond, and the depth of water in the nursery pond is preferably 1m. In the invention, the temperature of the water in the nursery pond is preferably 5-10 ℃ lower than the body temperature (the surface temperature of the shell) of the parent clam of the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus. In the invention, the temperature of the water in the seedling raising pond is preferably 25-30 ℃, and more preferably 27.5 ℃; the salinity of the nursery pond is preferably 25-30, and more preferably 27.2. In the invention, after the male Meretrix Linnaeus shellfish discharges sperm and eggs, the male Meretrix Linnaeus Bei Yichu nursery pond is used, and excrement left by the male Meretrix Linnaeus shellfish is removed.
After the D-shaped larvae are obtained, the invention preferably carries out planktonic larva cultivation on the D-shaped larvae for 5-7D to obtain creeping larvae. In the present invention, the temperature of the planktonic larvae cultivation is preferably 28 to 29 ℃, and the salinity of the planktonic larvae cultivation is preferably 27 to 29.
In the invention, water is preferably not changed during the cultivation period of the planktonic larvae, the density of the cultivation period of the planktonic larvae is preferably 5-10/mL, the bait for the cultivation period of the planktonic larvae preferably comprises one or more of chrysophyceae, chaetoceros and cloud microalgae, and the feeding amount of the bait is preferably 1-2 x 10 4 The cell/mL is gradually increased to 5-6 multiplied by 10 4 cell/mL. The increase of the bait feeding amount is not particularly limited, and the conventional increase rate in the field is adopted. In the present invention, the number of times of the bait is preferably 1 in the morning and evening.
According to the invention, EDTA and photosynthetic bacteria are preferably added during the cultivation period of the planktonic larvae to regulate the water quality.
In the invention, the shells of the stolon larvae grow to 180-200 mu m without eyespots, and when more than 50 percent of the stolon larvae stretch out of the feet and are explored, the attachment matrix is put in for metamorphosis attachment culture for 3-5 d to obtain the juvenile mollusks.
In the present invention, the adhering matrix preferably comprises fine sand, the particle size of the fine sand is preferably less than 80 μm, and the thickness of the throwing matrix is preferably less than 1mm. In the invention, the metamorphosis attachment culture is carried out for 3-5 days, so that all obtained stolon larvae are attached.
The method comprises the steps of cultivating the young mollusks of the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus obtained by breeding, replacing 50% fresh water every 1-2 d, pouring the shell of the young mollusks into a pond when the shell grows to 1-2 mm, removing attached matrix, and culturing for 3-5 months without the matrix under the conditions that the temperature is 18-32 ℃ and the salinity is 28-31 to obtain medium-sized fries with the shell growing more than 1 cm.
In the invention, when the young shellfish is cultivated, the bait preferably comprises one or more of chrysophyceae, chaetoceros and platymonas, and the feeding amount of the bait is preferably 8-10 multiplied by 10 4 cell/mL; the density of the cultivation is preferably 20 to 50 ten thousand grains/m 2 . The invention preferably feeds the pond algae water after 1-2 weeks of cultivation, when the pond bait is insufficientAnd feeding artificially cultured golden algae, chaetoceros and Platymonas. In the present invention, when golden algae, chaetoceros and Platymonas is fed, any one or any mixture of them can be fed, and the feeding amount is preferably 8-10 × 10 4 cell/mL, more preferably 9X 10 4 cell/mL, preferably once in the morning, in the middle of the day, and once in the evening.
In the invention, the pond algae water is obtained by culturing prawns in a pond and fertilizing, and the pond algae water is rich in algae and high in density. In the invention, the pond algae water is preferably filtered by a cotton bag and then fed. The invention has no special requirements on the cotton bag, and can be prepared by adopting the conventional method in the field. In the invention, the pond algae water is preferably fed in running water for 24 hours.
After the medium seedling with the shell length of more than 1cm is obtained, the invention cultures the obtained medium seedling for 4 to 6 months under the conditions that the temperature is 20 to 30 ℃ and the salinity is 28 to 31, and the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus with the shell length of 2 to 3cm is obtained.
In the present invention, the medium plantlet having a shell length of more than 1cm is preferably cultivated in an outdoor cultivation pond. In the present invention, the preparation of the outdoor cultivation pond preferably comprises: a layer of plastic basket is laid at the bottom of an outdoor medium seedling culture pond with the area of 50 square meters, then a layer of bolting silk net (the bottom area of the bolting silk net is 50 square meters and the height of the bolting silk net is 20 centimeters) is laid on the plastic basket, finally fine sand (the grain diameter is less than 80 micrometers and the thickness is 10-15 centimeters) is laid on the bolting silk net, and the outdoor culture pond can play a role in backflushing a sand layer, so that impurities such as excrement and the like in the sand layer are removed. A black sunshade net is erected above the outdoor cultivation pool, so that the enteromorpha can be prevented from outbreak. The water inlet of the outdoor cultivation pool is arranged at the bottom of the pool, and the water is fed in a reverse osmosis mode, so that the sand layer is ensured to be soft, and the growth speed and the survival rate of the juvenile mollusks are improved.
In the present invention, the density of the medium seedling culture is preferably 10 to 30 ten thousand grains/m 2 More preferably 20 ten thousand grains/m 2 . The temperature of the medium seedling culture is preferably 24-26 ℃, the salinity is preferably 29-30, and the culture time is preferably 5 months. In the invention, pond algae water is fed for culture, and when the bait in the pond is insufficient, artificially cultured golden algae, chaetoceros and Platymonas verrucosa are fed for culture. In the present inventionIn the light of the above, the feeding mode and feeding amount of the pond algae water and the supplemented algae are the same as those of the juvenile mollusk, and are not described herein again. In the invention, the excrement of the medium-sized seedlings is preferably removed every 1-2 weeks in the culture, and the sand is preferably washed by a water pipe to remove the excrement, so that a sand layer is clean and the medium-sized seedlings are suitable for growing.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Obtaining early young shellfish: (1) 150 jin of Chinese Meretrix Linnaeus parent shellfish is purchased at 18 months in 5 years in 2020, and with the weight of 69g and the shell height of 51mm as parent shellfish selection indexes, the individual with good vitality, strong physique and no damage is selected and moved to an outdoor soil pool of 30 mu for intensive cultivation. And (3) periodically sampling and observing the fertility of the parent shellfish, performing microscopic examination on the development conditions of sperms and eggs, and performing artificial seedling culture after the gonads of the parent shellfish are full after 2 months of intensive culture. (2) Cleaning Chinese Meretrix Linnaeus parent shellfish with plump gonad after ripening in soil pond, drying in shade for 8 hr, transferring parent shellfish into 30m when shell body surface temperature rises to 9 deg.C 2 And (3) discharging sperm and eggs in the breeding pond (the water depth is 1 m), wherein the water temperature in the breeding pond is 9 ℃ lower than the shell surface temperature of the shells, and after the sperm and eggs are discharged, transferring the parent shells into a temporary culture pond for temporary culture. Meanwhile, parent shellfish excrement and the like in the water body of the seedling pool are fished out, and the hatching density is controlled to be 8 per mL. Under the conditions of water temperature of 27.5 ℃ and salinity of 27.2, the spawning induction discharge rate of the parent scallops is 60 percent, the fertilization rate is 85 percent, fertilized eggs develop into D-shaped larvae after 18 hours, and the hatching rate is 90 percent. (3) The larva breeding is carried out by adopting a method without changing water in the whole floating larva period, the larva breeding density (5-10/ml) and baits (mainly chrysophyceae, chaetoceros and cloud microalgae) are strictly controlled to be respectively 1 time in the morning and at night, and the feeding amount (1-2 multiplied by 10) is once 4 The cell/mL is gradually increased to 5-6 multiplied by 10 4 cell/mL, increase determined by larval feed intake), proper amount of EDTA and photosynthetic bacteria are added to adjust water quality. The water temperature is 28-29 ℃ and the salinity is 27-29 during the cultivation period of the planktonic larvae, and about 7 days are needed from the cultivation of the D-type larvae to the stolon larvae. (4) When the planktonic larvae of Meretrix Linnaeus grow to 190 μm shell length, more than 50% of larvae stretch out of the feet and are explored (none)Eyepoint) begins to put fine sand (particle size) less than 1mm thick<80 microns) as a substrate, and the larvae can be completely attached after 3 days. The larva metamorphosis rate can reach over 50% at water temperature of 28-29 deg.c and salinity of 27-29 deg.c.
(2) Early juvenile mollusk cultivation: the early young shellfish is mainly fed with chrysophyceae, chaetoceros and Platymonas mellea (1 time each in the morning, noon and evening), and the feeding amount is 8-10 multiplied by 10 4 cell/mL, cultivation density of 50 ten thousand grains/m 2 50% of new water (not falling into the pond) is replaced every 1-2 days, and after 1-2 weeks of cultivation, pond algae water filtered by cotton bags is fed (24 h of running water feeding). And (4) when the juvenile mollusks grow to the shell length of 1-2 mm, starting to pour the juvenile mollusks into the pond, screening fine sand in the indoor seedling pond, and culturing the juvenile mollusks by a sand-free culture method. At the moment, the bait for young shellfish is mainly fed by pond algae water filtered by cotton bags, and golden algae, chaetoceros, platymonas subcordiformis and the like are fed when the bait is insufficient. Under the conditions of water temperature of 18-32 ℃ and salinity of 28-31, the young shellfish can grow to the shell length of more than 1cm after being cultivated in an indoor cement pond for 3-5 months.
(3) Preparing an outdoor culture pond: a layer of plastic basket is laid at the bottom of an outdoor medium seedling culture pond with the area of 50 square meters, then a layer of bolting silk net (the bottom area of the bolting silk net is 50 square meters and the height is 20 centimeters) is laid on the plastic basket, and finally fine sand (the grain diameter is less than 80 micrometers and the thickness is 10-15 centimeters) is laid on the bolting silk net. A black sunshade net is erected above the outdoor cultivation pool, so that the enteromorpha can be prevented from outbreak. The water inlet of the outdoor cultivation pond is arranged at the bottom of the pond, and water is fed in a reverse osmosis mode, so that the sand layer is soft, and the survival rate of the young shellfish reaches 30%. (the activity rate of the pond culture composition is 20%).
(4) And (3) medium seedling cultivation: transferring the juvenile mollusks of the fairy clams cultivated in the indoor nursery pond until the shell length is more than 1cm to an outdoor cultivation pond for cultivation, wherein the cultivation density is 30 ten thousand grains/m 2 The bait is mainly pond algae water filtered by a cotton bag, and when the bait is insufficient, golden algae, chaetoceros, tetraselmis and the like are added (the feeding amount and the feeding mode are the same as those of juvenile mollusk cultivation). And washing the sand by using a water pipe every 1-2 weeks to remove the excrement of the medium-sized seedlings and ensure that a sand layer is clean and is suitable for the medium-sized seedlings to grow. When the water temperature is 20-30 ℃ and the salinity is 28-31, the medium seedlings grow to 3cm after being cultivated for 6 months, and the growth speed is improved by more than 25 percent compared with pond cultivation. (cell)And (3) pond culture group: culturing the medium seedling in pond for 6 months at water temperature of 20-30 deg.c and salinity of 28-31 to grow to 2.4 cm over the shell length).
Example 2
(1) Obtaining early young shellfish: (1) 200 jin of Chinese Meretrix Linnaeus parent shellfish is purchased 5 days 6 months 6 years in 2020, and with the weight of 34g and the shell height of 40mm as parent shellfish selection indexes, the individual with good vitality, strong physique and no damage is selected and moved to an outdoor soil pool of 20 mu for intensive cultivation. And (3) periodically sampling and observing the fertility of the parent shellfish, performing microscopic examination on the development conditions of sperms and ova, and performing artificial seedling culture after the gonads of the parent shellfish are full after 1 month of intensive culture. (2) Cleaning Chinese Meretrix Linnaeus parent shellfish with plump gonad after ripening in soil pond, placing in shade, drying in shade for 10 hr, transferring parent shellfish into 30m when shell body surface temperature rises to 5 deg.C 2 And (3) discharging sperm and eggs in the breeding pond (the water depth is 1 m), wherein the water temperature in the breeding pond is 5 ℃ lower than the shell body temperature, and after the sperm and eggs are discharged, transferring the parent shellfish into a temporary culture pond for temporary culture. Meanwhile, parent shellfish excrement and the like in the water body of the seedling pool are fished out, and the hatching density is controlled to be 5/mL. Under the conditions of water temperature of 27.5 ℃ and salinity of 27.2, the discharge rate of parent shellfish induced spawning is 65 percent, the fertilization rate is 90 percent, fertilized eggs develop into D-shaped larvae after 20 hours, and the hatching rate is 90 percent. (3) Culturing larva by a method without changing water in the whole planktonic larva period, strictly controlling larva culturing density (5-10/ml) and baits (mainly chrysophyceae, chaetoceros and cloudboalgaria) to be 1 time respectively in the morning and at the evening, and feeding once (1-2 multiplied by 10) 4 The cell/mL is gradually increased to 5-6 multiplied by 10 4 cell/mL, increase determined according to larval feed intake), and proper amount of EDTA and photosynthetic bacteria are added to adjust water quality. During the cultivation period of the planktonic larvae, the water temperature is 29-30 ℃, the salinity is 27-29, and about 5 days are needed from the cultivation of the D-type larvae to the stolon larvae. (4) When the planktonic larvae of Meretrix Linnaeus grow to 190 μm long shell, and more than 50% of larvae stretch out of feet and search in vitro (no eye point) and put fine sand (particle diameter less than 1 mm)<80 microns) as the substrate, and the larvae can be completely attached after 5 days. When the water temperature is 29-30 ℃ and the salinity is 27-29, the larva metamorphosis rate can reach more than 45%.
(2) Early juvenile mollusk cultivation: the early young shellfish is mainly fed with Chrysophyta, chaetoceros and Platymonas mellea (1 time each in the morning, noon and evening), each timeThe feeding amount is 8-10 multiplied by 10 4 cell/mL, culture density of 20 ten thousand grains/m 2 50% of new water (not falling into the pond) is replaced every 1-2 days, and after 1-2 weeks of cultivation, pond algae water filtered by cotton bags is fed (24 h of running water feeding). And (4) when the juvenile mollusks grow to the shell length of 1-2 mm, starting to pour the juvenile mollusks into the pond, screening fine sand in the indoor seedling pond, and culturing the juvenile mollusks by a sand-free culture method. At the moment, the bait for young shellfish is mainly fed by pond algae water filtered by a cotton bag, and golden algae, chaetoceros, platymonas subcordata and the like are fed when the bait is insufficient. Under the conditions of water temperature of 18-32 ℃ and salinity of 28-31, the young shellfish can grow to the shell length of more than 1cm after being cultivated in an indoor cement pond for 3-5 months.
(3) Preparing an outdoor culture pond: a layer of plastic basket is laid at the bottom of an outdoor middle seedling culture pond with the area of 50 square meters, then a layer of bolting silk net (the bottom area of the bolting silk net is 50 square meters and the height of the bolting silk net is 20 centimeters) is laid on the plastic basket, and finally fine sand (the grain diameter is less than 80 micrometers and the thickness is 10-15 centimeters) is laid on the bolting silk net. A black sunshade net is erected above the outdoor cultivation pool, so that the enteromorpha can be prevented from outbreak. The water inlet of the outdoor culture pond is arranged at the bottom of the pond, and the water is fed in a reverse osmosis mode, so that the sand layer is soft, and the survival rate of the juvenile mollusks reaches 28 percent (the survival rate of the pond culture composition is 21 percent).
(4) And (3) medium seedling cultivation: transferring the young clam of the mesona chinensis benth cultivated in the indoor nursery pond until the shell length is more than 1cm to an outdoor cultivation pond for cultivation, wherein the cultivation density is 10 ten thousand grains/m 2 The bait is mainly pond algae water filtered by a cotton bag, and when the bait is insufficient, golden algae, chaetoceros, tetraselmis and the like are added (the feeding amount and the feeding mode are the same as those of juvenile mollusk cultivation). And washing the sand by using a water pipe every 1-2 weeks to remove the excrement of the medium-sized seedlings and ensure that a sand layer is clean and is suitable for the medium-sized seedlings to grow. The medium seedling grows to 2.5cm after being cultivated for 4 months at the water temperature of 20-30 ℃ and the salinity of 28-31, and the growth speed is improved by more than 19 percent compared with pond cultivation (a pond cultivation group, the medium seedling grows to more than 2.1 cm after being cultivated for 4 months in a pond under the conditions of the water temperature of 20-30 ℃ and the salinity of 28-31).
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An artificial breeding method of large-size seeds of Meretrix Linnaeus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Cultivating the juvenile mollusks of the fairy clams obtained by breeding, replacing 50% of fresh water every 1-2 days, pouring the shell of the juvenile mollusks into a pool when the shell grows to 1-2 mm, removing the attached matrix, and continuously cultivating for 3-5 months to obtain medium-sized seedlings with the shell growing more than 1 cm;
2) Culturing the medium-sized seedling with the shell length of more than 1cm in the step 1) for 4-6 months at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ and the salinity of 28-31 to obtain the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus with the shell length of 2-3 cm;
the temperature for continuous cultivation in the step 1) is 18-32 ℃, and the salinity is 28-31;
the initial density of the medium seedling with the mesochite length more than 1cm cultured in the step 2) is 10-30 ten thousand grains/m 2 。
2. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1, wherein when the cultured juvenile mollusks of fairy clams in step 1) are cultivated, the bait comprises one or more of chrysophyceae, chaetoceros and platymonas, and the feeding amount of the bait is 8-10 x 10 4 cell/mL, the density of the cultivation is 20-50 ten thousand grains/m 2 ；
After the juvenile mollusks of the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus obtained by the culture are cultivated for 1 to 2 weeks, pond algae water is fed, and golden algae, chaetoceros and Platymonas mellifolia are fed when the pond algae water is insufficient.
3. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the method for raising the juvenile mollusks of Meretrix meretrix comprises the following steps:
performing induced spawning, fertilization and incubation on the clam parent shellfish with full gonads to obtain D-shaped larvae;
and (3) cultivating the D-shaped larvae to stolon larvae, and when the shells of the stolon larvae grow to 180-200 mu m and have no eyespot, extending out of the feet of more than 50% of the stolon larvae for in-vitro exploration, carrying out adhesion cultivation to obtain the juvenile mollusks of the fairy clams.
4. The artificial breeding method according to claim 3, wherein the induced spawning method comprises drying in the shade and raising the temperature to 5-10 ℃; the drying time in the shade is 8-10 h;
the incubation time is 18-22 h.
5. The artificial breeding method according to claim 3, wherein the selection criteria of the parent shell of Meretrix meretrix comprise: the weight of the parent clam is 34-69 g, and the shell height of the parent clam is 40-51 mm.
6. The artificial breeding method according to claim 3, wherein the fertilization comprises a fertilization after discharging sperm and egg in water to obtain a fertilized egg;
the temperature of the water in the fertilization process is 5-10 ℃ lower than the body temperature of the parent shell of the Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus.
7. The artificial breeding method according to claim 6, wherein the fertilized egg has a density of 5 to 10 eggs/mL in water; the temperature of the water is 25-30 ℃, and the salinity of the water is 25-30.
8. The artificial breeding method according to claim 3, wherein the culture medium comprises fine sand, the particle size of the fine sand is less than 80 μm, and the thickness of the matrix is less than 1mm.
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