CN114586715A - Method for artificially breeding male fibraurea familiaris - Google Patents
Method for artificially breeding male fibraurea familiaris Download PDFInfo
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- CN114586715A CN114586715A CN202210297134.9A CN202210297134A CN114586715A CN 114586715 A CN114586715 A CN 114586715A CN 202210297134 A CN202210297134 A CN 202210297134A CN 114586715 A CN114586715 A CN 114586715A
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- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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Abstract
The invention relates to an artificial breeding method of familiaris non-clams, belonging to the technical field of shellfish breeding. According to the invention, by specifically setting conditions such as parent shellfish ripening promotion, parent shellfish spawning induction, fertilization incubation, larva cultivation, attachment metamorphosis and juvenile shellfish cultivation, the larva survival rate, larva metamorphosis rate, juvenile shellfish survival rate and the like in the artificial breeding process are improved, and the Familia familiaris offspring seeds suitable for sea area environment cultivation can be cultivated in a large scale.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shellfish breeding, in particular to an artificial breeding method of familiarity and male clam.
Background
And familiarity with the Paphia amabilis (paphia amabilis) is commonly known as the red clam, which is an economic shellfish of tropical and subtropical shallow sea. And familiarity with the male parent, the female parent, the male parent, the female parent, the male parent and the female parent. And the male parent fibula is mainly inhabited in the sandy bottom of the shallow sea and lives in a camp buried way. And the fent non-clam meat is fresh and delicious in taste and rich in nutrition, is marine shellfish which is favored by coastal people to be preyed, is obtained from natural catching at present, and has the market price of 120-160 yuan/kg. Meanwhile, the familiarity and the paphia philippinarum have the advantages of low production cost, short culture period, high economic benefit and the like, and are the shellfish increasing and culturing in shallow sea with higher economic value.
The artificial breeding of seawater shellfish mainly adopts two modes of anatomical insemination and artificial induced spawning to obtain fertilized eggs. The oysters and the like can directly obtain fertilized eggs through artificial insemination development, and most seawater shellfish such as clams and the like need artificial spawning to obtain mature sperms and eggs. The artificial spawning method of clams (such as Ruditapes philippinarum) generally adopts the modes of drying in the shade, running water or heating and cooling. At present, few research reports related to familiarity with male clam are reported at home and abroad, and no research report related to familiarity with male clam seedling culture and cultivation is known.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims at providing an artificial breeding method for familiarizing male veneriformis. The breeding method provided by the invention improves the survival rate of larvae, the metamorphosis rate of larvae, the survival rate of young shellfish and the like in the artificial breeding process, can cultivate the Familia fries suitable for cultivation in the sea area environment in a large scale, and lays a foundation for the Familia fries in a large scale and cultivation.
The invention provides an artificial breeding method for familiarizing amaphia, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing 2-3-year-old Homophilia male shellfish into a culture basket to carry out suspension culture in a pond for 1-2 months to obtain a parent shellfish with plump gonads;
(2) cleaning parent scallops with full gonads obtained in the step (1), drying in the shade, stimulating with ammonia seawater to hasten parturition, putting the parent scallops into a breeding pond to discharge sperm and eggs when water pipes and feet of the parent scallops extend out of the body and sperm and eggs begin to be discharged, putting the parent scallops into a temporary breeding pond to be temporarily bred after the discharge is finished, and hatching the sperm and eggs in the breeding pond for 20-24 hours to obtain D-shaped larvae; the incubation conditions comprise that the water temperature is 28-30 ℃, the salinity is 27-29, and the incubation density is 5-10/mL;
(3) culturing the D-shaped larvae obtained in the step (2) for 8-10 days to obtain creeping larvae; water is not changed during the cultivation period of the planktonic larvae, the cultivation density of the planktonic larvae is 3-5 per mL, the baits for cultivation of the planktonic larvae comprise chrysophyceae, chaetoceros and microalgae clouds, the feeding amount of the baits is gradually increased from 1-2 ten thousand per mL to 5 multiplied by 104～6×104Ten thousand per mL, wherein the temperature for culturing the planktonic larvae is 28-30 ℃, and the salinity is 27-29;
(4) when the shell of the creeping larva obtained in the step (3) grows to 180-200 mu m and has no eyespot, and more than 50% of creeping larva extend out of the foot to be explored, putting an attaching matrix for metamorphosis attaching culture, and obtaining attached young shellfish after 3-5 days; the temperature of the metamorphosis adhesion culture is 28-30 ℃, and the salinity is 27-29;
(5) early culturing the attached young shellfish obtained in the step (4), replacing 50% fresh water every 1-2 days to obtain young shellfish with the shell length of 1mm, pouring the pond, removing the attached matrix, culturing for 4-6 months without the matrix under the conditions that the temperature is 18-32 ℃ and the salinity is 28-31 to obtain medium-sized seedlings with the shell length of 1.2-1.3 cm;
(6) screening juvenile mollusks with the middle shell length of more than 1.3cm obtained in the step (5) for middle-seedling cultivation; and laying 10-20 cm of attachment matrix for the medium seedling cultivation, wherein the cultivation temperature is 20-32 ℃, and the salinity is 28-31.
Preferably, in the step (1), the patient-familiarized male parent shellfish is selected from the individuals with good vitality, strong constitution and no injury by taking the weight and the shell height as selection indexes.
Preferably, the drying time in shade in step (2) is 3 to 5 hours.
Preferably, the ammonia seawater stimulation conditions in step (2) are as follows: when the ammonia seawater is soaked for 1 to 2 hours, the concentration of the ammonia seawater is 120 ml/ton.
Preferably, the depth of the water in the seedling raising pond in the step (2) is 1-1.5 m.
Preferably, EDTA and photosynthetic bacteria are also added during the cultivation of the planktonic larvae in the step (3).
Preferably, the adhering matrix of step (4) comprises fine sand.
Preferably, the fine sand has a thickness of 1mm and a particle size of <80 μm.
Preferably, in the step (5), when in the early cultivation, the golden algae, the chaetoceros and the platymonas are fed to the newly attached juvenile mollusks; feeding pond algae water after culturing for 1-2 weeks; when the substrate-free cultivation is carried out, filtered pond algae water is fed, and when the pond algae water is insufficient, golden algae, chaetoceros and Platymonas verrucosa are supplemented.
Preferably, during the seedling culture in the step (6), filtered pond algae water is fed, and when the pond algae water is insufficient, the golden algae, the chaetoceros and the Platymonas verrucosa are supplemented.
The invention provides an artificial breeding method for familiarizing amaphia. According to the invention, through the specific setting of the conditions of parent shellfish screening and ripening promotion, parent shellfish spawning induction, fertilization and hatching, larva cultivation, attachment metamorphosis, juvenile shellfish cultivation and the like, the larva survival rate, larva metamorphosis rate, juvenile shellfish survival rate and the like in the artificial breeding process are improved, and the male and female shellfish seeds suitable for sea area environment cultivation can be cultivated in a large scale. The invention lays an important seedling guarantee foundation for the development of the familiarity non-clam breeding industry and has important significance for promoting the development and application of new species of seawater economic shellfish breeding in China. Test results show that the parent shellfish spawning induction discharge rate is 40-60%, the fertilization rate is 80-85%, the hatchability is 90-95%, the survival rate of planktonic larvae is 65-75%, and the survival rate of juvenile shellfish is more than 50%; in 2021 year, 200 ten thousand seeds of the Familia veneriforms whose shell length is more than 3.0mm are cultivated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the shade drying of parent shellfish according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a chart of seawater stimulated spawning of parent shellfish ammonia provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a microscopic observation of planktonic larvae rearing provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sand-free cultivation diagram of the cement pond in the early juvenile mollusk chamber provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 shows the outdoor cement pond sand-laying cultivation of the middle seedling provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an artificial breeding method for familiarizing amaphia, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing 2-3-year-old Homophilia male shellfish into a culture basket to carry out suspension culture in a pond for 1-2 months to obtain a parent shellfish with plump gonads;
(2) cleaning parent scallops with full gonads obtained in the step (1), drying in the shade, stimulating with ammonia seawater to hasten parturition, putting the parent scallops into a breeding pond to discharge sperm and eggs when water pipes and feet of the parent scallops extend out of the body and sperm and eggs begin to be discharged, putting the parent scallops into a temporary breeding pond to be temporarily bred after the discharge is finished, and hatching the sperm and eggs in the breeding pond for 20-24 hours to obtain D-shaped larvae; the incubation conditions comprise that the water temperature is 28-30 ℃, the salinity is 27-29, and the incubation density is 5-10/mL;
(3) culturing the D-shaped larvae obtained in the step (2) for 8-10 days to obtain creeping larvae; water is not changed during the cultivation period of the planktonic larvae, the cultivation density of the planktonic larvae is 3-5 per mL, the baits for cultivation of the planktonic larvae comprise chrysophyceae, chaetoceros and microalgae clouds, the feeding amount of the baits is gradually increased from 1-2 ten thousand per mL to 5 multiplied by 104～6×104Ten thousand per mL, wherein the temperature for culturing the planktonic larvae is 28-30 ℃, and the salinity is 27-29;
(4) when the shell of the creeping larva obtained in the step (3) grows to 180-200 mu m and has no eyespot, and more than 50% of creeping larva extend out of the foot to be explored, putting an attaching matrix for metamorphosis attaching culture, and obtaining attached young shellfish after 3-5 days; the temperature of the metamorphosis adhesion culture is 28-30 ℃, and the salinity is 27-29;
(5) early culturing the attached young shellfish obtained in the step (4), replacing 50% fresh water every 1-2 days to obtain young shellfish with the shell length of 1mm, pouring the pond to remove the attached matrix, and culturing for 4-6 months without the matrix at the temperature of 18-32 ℃ and the salinity of 28-31 to obtain medium-sized sprouts with the shell length of 1.2-1.3 cm;
(6) screening juvenile mollusks with the middle shell length of more than 1.3cm obtained in the step (5) for middle-seedling cultivation; and laying 10-20 cm of attachment matrix for the medium seedling cultivation, wherein the cultivation temperature is 20-32 ℃, and the salinity is 28-31.
According to the invention, 2-3-year-old Homophilia bigeminas are placed into a cultivation basket to be cultivated in a pond for 1-2 months to obtain the parent shellfish with full gonads. In the present invention, the parent shellfish is preferably harvested from a natural sea area. In the present invention, the patient male clam is preferably selected to have a strong vigor and a strong constitution without injury by selecting the weight and the shell height as selection indexes. In the invention, the pond is preferably an earth pond, the area of the pond is not particularly limited, and in the specific embodiment of the invention, the area of the pond is 20-30 mu. In the invention, the prawn is preferably cultivated in the pond at the same time of hanging cultivation, and intensive cultivation of the familiarity Africa clam is realized by mixed cultivation of the prawn and the familiarity Africa clam; and the common fish culture pond does not need to cultivate algae by rich water, so the species and the quantity of the algae are relatively small and unstable. The specification and the structure of the culture basket are not particularly limited, and the conventional clam culture basket known by the technical personnel in the field can be adopted. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the material of the culture basket is preferably plastic, the size of the culture basket is preferably 48cm multiplied by 35cm multiplied by 17cm, and 40-50 parent scallops are preferably placed in each basket. In the hanging culture process, the parent shellfish is preferably sampled and observed for fertility at regular intervals, the sperm and egg development conditions are examined under the microscope, and the artificial seedling culture can be carried out after the gonads of the parent shellfish are full after the intensive culture for 1-2 months.
After obtaining parent scallops with full gonads, cleaning the parent scallops with full gonads, drying in the shade, stimulating with ammonia seawater to hasten parturition, putting the parent scallops into a breeding pond to discharge sperm and eggs when water pipes and feet of the parent scallops extend out of the parent scallops and sperm and eggs begin to be discharged, putting the parent scallops into a temporary breeding pond to temporarily breed the parent scallops after the discharge is finished, and hatching the sperm and eggs in the breeding pond for 20-24 hours to obtain D-shaped larvae; the incubation conditions are that the water temperature is 28-30 ℃, the preferred temperature is 28.1 ℃, the salinity is 27-29, the more preferred temperature is 27.5, and the incubation density is 5-10/mL, and the more preferred temperature is 8/mL. The cleaning method is not particularly limited, and a conventional clam cleaning method well known to those skilled in the art may be used. In the present invention, the drying time in the shade is preferably 3 to 5 hours, and more preferably 3.5 hours. The drying method in the shade is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a conventional drying treatment method in the shade well known to those skilled in the art may be used. In the invention, the conditions of ammonia seawater stimulation are as follows: when the ammonia seawater is preferably soaked for 1-2 hours, the concentration of the ammonia seawater is preferably 120 ml/ton. In the invention, the depth of water in the seedling raising pond is preferably 1-1.5 m, and more preferably 1.2 m. Before the sperm and eggs in the nursery pond are hatched, the method preferably fishes out the excrement of the parent shellfish in the water body of the nursery pond. In the present invention, the diameter of the egg is 70 to 75 μm. The parent shellfish spawning induction discharge rate of the invention is up to 60%, the fertilized egg rate is up to 85%, and the hatching rate is up to 95%. In the invention, the shell length of the obtained D-shaped larva is 110-120 mu m.
After the D-shaped larvae are obtained, the D-shaped larvae are subjected to planktonic larva cultivation for 8-10 days to obtain creeping larvae; water is not changed during the cultivation period of the planktonic larvae, the cultivation density of the planktonic larvae is 3-5 per mL, the baits for cultivation of the planktonic larvae comprise chrysophyceae, chaetoceros and microalgae clouds, the feeding amount of the baits is gradually increased from 1-2 ten thousand per mL to 5 multiplied by 104～6×104Ten thousand per mL, the temperature for culturing the planktonic larvae is 28-30 ℃, and the salinity is 27-29. In the invention, EDTA and photosynthetic bacteria are also added in the cultivation process of the planktonic larvae for regulating the water quality. In the present invention, the temperature at which the larvae are incubated is more preferably 29 ℃ and the salinity is more preferably 28.
When the shell of the creeping larva grows to 180-200 mu m without eye spots and more than 50 percent of the creeping larva extends out of the foot body for exploration, putting an attaching matrix for metamorphosis attaching culture, and obtaining attached young shellfish after 3-5 days; the temperature of the metamorphosis adhesion culture is 28-30 ℃, and the salinity is 27-29. In the present invention, the temperature of the metamorphic attachment culture is more preferably 29.2 ℃, and the salinity is more preferably 28.3. In the present invention, the adhesion matrix includes fine sand. In the present invention, the fine sand has a thickness of 1mm and a particle size of <80 μm. In the invention, the stolon larvae can be completely metamorphosed and attached after being cultured for 3-5 days. In the present invention, the metamorphosis rate of the larvae is 50% or more.
After the attached young shellfish is obtained, early culturing the attached young shellfish, replacing 50% fresh water every 1-2 days, pouring the pond when the young shellfish with the shell length of 1mm is obtained, removing the attached matrix, and culturing for 4-6 months without the matrix under the conditions that the temperature is 18-32 ℃ and the salinity is 28-31 to obtain the medium-sized seedling with the shell length of 1.2-1.3 cm. In the invention, the temperature is preferably 20-28 ℃, and more preferably 24-26 ℃; the salinity is more preferably 29. In the present invention, the matrix-free incubation is more preferably 5 months. In the invention, when in the early cultivation, chrysophyceae, chaetoceros and tetraselmis algae are fed to the newly attached young shellfish; feeding pond algae water after culturing for 1-2 weeks; when the substrate-free cultivation is carried out, filtered pond algae water is fed, and when the pond algae water is insufficient, golden algae, chaetoceros and Platymonas verrucosa are supplemented. The preparation method of the pond algae water and the preparation method of the filtered pond algae water are not particularly limited, and the conventional preparation method well known to the skilled person can be adopted. In the present invention, the adhesion matrix includes fine sand.
After obtaining the middle-seedling, the invention selects the young shellfish with the middle-shell length of more than 1.3cm for middle-seedling cultivation; and laying 10-20 cm of attachment matrix for the medium seedling cultivation, wherein the cultivation temperature is 20-32 ℃, and the salinity is 28-31. In the invention, during the culture of the middle seedlings, filtered pond algae water is fed, and when the pond algae water is insufficient, golden algae, chaetoceros and Platymonas verrucosa are supplemented. The method for preparing the filtered pond algae water is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a conventional preparation method well known to those skilled in the art may be used, and in the present invention, the filtering is preferably performed by filtering through a cotton bag. In the present invention, the adhesion matrix includes fine sand. The screening method is not particularly limited in the present invention, and screening may be performed using a screen known to those skilled in the art.
The method for artificial breeding of familiarity African clam according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
(1) Parent shellfish screening and ripening: catching 2-3-year-old and cast-off 80 jin of male shellfish from the Fujian natural sea area in 2020, 5 and 13 months, selecting individuals with good vitality, strong physique and no damage to the male shellfish to move to an outdoor soil pool (mixed culture with prawns) of 25 mu for intensive culture by taking the weight and the shell height as selection indexes of the male shellfish. The parent scallops are hung and cultured in the pond by using a culturing plastic basket (48 cm multiplied by 35cm multiplied by 17 cm), and the stocking density is that 45 parent scallops are put in each frame. Sampling every week, observing fertility of parent shellfish, microscopic examination of sperm and egg development, and performing artificial breeding after the gonads of the parent shellfish are full after 1 month of intensive cultivation.
(2) Spawning induction of parent shellfish: cleaning parent shellfish with plump gonads after soil pond ripening, and placing inIn the shade, the hastening method of drying in the shade and then stimulating by ammonia and seawater is adopted. The drying in shade of parent shellfish is schematically shown in figure 1, and the stimulation of spawning by ammonia seawater is shown in figure 2. When the parent shellfish extends the water tube and the feet out of the body and begins to discharge a small amount of sperm and eggs, the parent shellfish is moved into the place with the length of 36m2And (3) discharging sperm and eggs (the diameter of the eggs is 74 microns) in the seedling pond (the water depth is 1.5 meters), and transferring the parent shellfish into a temporary culture pond for temporary culture after the sperm and eggs are discharged. The discharge rate of parent scallops induced spawning is 60 percent, and the fertilization rate is 85 percent. Taking out the excrements of the parent shellfish in the water body of the seedling pool, and controlling the hatching density to be 10 per milliliter. Under the conditions of water temperature of 28.1 ℃ and salinity of 27.5, the fertilized eggs develop into D-shaped larvae after 20 hours, and the hatchability reaches 95 percent.
(3) Larva breeding: culturing larva with water-free method during the whole planktonic larva period, strictly controlling larva culturing density (5/ml) and feeding amount (mainly including chrysophyceae, Chaetoceros and cloudberg microalgae) of bait (1 ten thousand/ml gradually increased to 6 × 10)4Ten thousand per milliliter), and proper amount of EDTA and photosynthetic bacteria are added to adjust the water quality. During the cultivation period of the planktonic larvae, when the water temperature is 28.1 ℃ and the salinity is 27.5, 10 days are needed from the cultivation of the D-type larvae to the stolon larvae, and the survival rate of the planktonic larvae reaches 65 percent. The microscopic observation of planktonic larvae breeding is shown in FIG. 3, in which FIG. 3-1 shows D-type larvae and FIG. 3-2 shows acrothecal larvae.
(4) Metamorphosis and attachment: when the stolon larva grows to 190 micrometers in shell length, more than 50 percent of the larvae stretch out of feet to search in vitro (no eyespot), fine sand (the particle size is less than 80 micrometers) with the thickness of less than 1 millimeter is thrown in as an attaching matrix, and the stolon larva can be completely attached in an abnormal manner after 5 days.
(5) Early juvenile mollusk cultivation: the young shellfish is fed with chrysophytes, Chaetoceros and Platymonas as main materials, 50% of new water (not falling into the pond) is replaced every 2 days, and the soil pond algae water is fed after 2 weeks of cultivation. And (4) when the juvenile mollusks grow to the shell length of 1mm, pouring the juvenile mollusks into the pond, removing fine sand in the indoor seedling pond, and culturing the juvenile mollusks by a sand-free culture method. The diagram of the early juvenile mollusk indoor cement pool sand-free cultivation is shown in fig. 4, wherein fig. 4-1 is the early juvenile mollusk collection, and fig. 4-2 is the early juvenile mollusk sand-free cultivation. At the moment, the bait for young shellfish is mainly fed by pond algae water filtered by cotton bags, and golden algae, Chaetoceros, Platymonas subcordiformis and the like are fed when the bait is insufficient. Under the conditions of water temperature of 22 ℃ and salinity of 28, the young shellfish can grow to the shell length of more than 1.2 cm and the survival rate of more than 55 percent after 5 months of sand-free cultivation in an indoor cement pond.
(6) And (3) medium seedling cultivation: young shellfish with the shell length of more than 1.2 cm in the indoor seedling raising pool are screened by a screen and transferred to an outdoor cement pool for cultivation, and 20cm fine sand is paved in the outdoor cement pool. The sand-spreading cultivation diagram of the outdoor cement pond for the middle seedling is shown in fig. 5, wherein fig. 5-1 shows the outdoor sand-spreading cultivation of the middle seedling, and fig. 5-2 shows the water change of the outdoor cultivation pond for the middle seedling. The middle-seedling bait is mainly fed with pond algae water filtered by cotton bags, and when the bait is insufficient, the middle-seedling bait is fed with golden algae, Chaetoceros, Platymonas subcordiformis and the like. Under the conditions of water temperature of 24 ℃ and salinity of 28, the medium-sized seedlings can grow to the shell length of more than 2.7 cm after being paved and cultured in an outdoor cement pond for 4 months, and the growth speed is improved by more than 28 percent compared with pond culture. (Pond culture group: medium seedling is cultured in pond for 4 months under the conditions of water temperature 23 ℃ and salinity 28, and grows to the shell length of more than 2.1 cm)
Example 2
(1) Parent shellfish screening and ripening: catching 50 jin of 2-3-year-old and male fibrat-male shellfish from the Fujian natural sea area 6 months in 2020, selecting individuals with good vitality, strong physique and no damage to the parent shellfish selection indexes, and transferring the individuals to an outdoor soil pond (mixed culture with prawns) of 25 mu for intensive culture. The parent scallops are hung and cultured in the pond by using a culturing plastic basket (48 cm multiplied by 35cm multiplied by 17 cm), and the stocking density is that 50 parent scallops are put in each frame. Sampling every week, observing fertility of parent shellfish, microscopic examining the development conditions of sperm and ovum, and carrying out artificial breeding after the gonads of the parent shellfish are full after 1 month of intensive cultivation.
(2) Spawning induction of parent shellfish: cleaning parent shellfish with plump gonads after ripening in a soil pond, placing in a shade, and performing induced spawning by drying in the shade and then stimulating with ammonia seawater. When the parent shellfish extends the water tube and the feet out of the body and begins to discharge a small amount of sperm and eggs, the parent shellfish is moved into the place with the length of 36m2And (3) discharging sperm and eggs (the diameter of the eggs is 75 micrometers) in the nursery pond (the water depth is 1.5 meters), and transferring the parent shellfish into a temporary culture pond for temporary culture after the sperm and eggs are discharged. The discharge rate of parent scallops induced spawning is 40%, and the fertilization rate is 80%. Taking out the excrements of the parent shellfish in the water body of the seedling pool, and controlling the hatching density to be 8 per mL. Under the conditions of water temperature of 29.2 ℃ and salinity of 29 DEG CThe sperms and eggs grow into D-shaped larvae in 18h, and the hatchability is 90 percent.
(3) Larva breeding: culturing larva with water-free method during the whole planktonic larva period, strictly controlling larva culturing density (3/ml) and feeding amount (mainly including chrysophyceae, Chaetoceros and cloudberg microalgae) of bait (1 ten thousand/ml gradually increased to 6 × 10)4Ten thousand per ml), and proper amount of EDTA and photosynthetic bacteria are added to adjust the water quality. During the cultivation period of the planktonic larvae, when the water temperature is 30 ℃ and the salinity is 27, 8 days are needed from the cultivation of the D-type larvae to the creeping larvae, and the survival rate of the planktonic larvae is 75 percent.
(4) Metamorphosis and attachment: when the stolon larvae grow to 195 micrometers in shell length, more than 50 percent of the larvae stretch out of the feet to explore in vitro (no eyespot), fine sand (the particle size is less than 80 micrometers) with the thickness of less than 1 millimeter is put in as an attaching matrix, and the stolon larvae can be completely attached in a metamorphosis way after 3 days.
(5) Early juvenile mollusk cultivation: the young shellfish is fed with chrysophytes, Chaetoceros and Platymonas as main materials, 50% of new water (not falling into the pond) is replaced every 2 days, and the soil pond algae water is fed after 2 weeks of cultivation. And (4) when the juvenile mollusks grow to the shell length of 1mm, pouring the juvenile mollusks into the pond, removing fine sand in the indoor seedling pond, and culturing the juvenile mollusks by a sand-free culture method. At the moment, the bait for young shellfish is mainly fed by pond algae water filtered by cotton bags, and golden algae, Chaetoceros, Platymonas subcordiformis and the like are fed when the bait is insufficient. Under the conditions of water temperature of 25 ℃ and salinity of 30, the young shellfish can grow to the shell length of more than 1.3cm and the survival rate of more than 50 percent after 6 months of sand-free culture in an indoor cement pond.
(6) And (3) medium seedling cultivation: and (3) screening young shellfish with the shell length of more than 1.3cm in the indoor seedling raising pool by using a screen, transferring to an outdoor cement pool for cultivation, and paving 15 cm of fine sand in the outdoor cement pool. The middle-seedling bait is mainly fed with pond algae water filtered by cotton bags, and when the bait is insufficient, the middle-seedling bait is fed with golden algae, Chaetoceros, Platymonas subcordiformis and the like. Under the conditions of water temperature of 26 ℃ and salinity of 31, the medium-sized seedlings can grow to the shell length of more than 3.0 cm after being paved and cultured in an outdoor cement pond for 4 months, and the growth speed is improved by more than 25 percent compared with pond culture. (Pond culture group: medium seedling is cultured in pond for 4 months under the conditions of water temperature 25 deg.C and salinity 28, and grows to the shell length of more than 2.4 cm)
Example 3
(1) Parent shellfish screening and ripening: 60 jin of male and female molluscacide of 2-3 years of age are caught from the Fujian natural sea area in 21 months in 2020, and the individuals with good vitality, strong physique and no damage are selected to be moved to an outdoor soil pond of 25 mu (mixed culture with the prawns) for intensive culture by taking the weight and the shell height as selection indexes of the male and female molluscacides. The parent scallops are hung and cultured in the pond by using a culturing plastic basket (48 cm multiplied by 35cm multiplied by 17 cm), and the stocking density is that 40 parent scallops are put in each frame. Sampling every week, observing fertility of parent shellfish, microscopic examining the development conditions of sperm and ovum, and carrying out artificial breeding after the gonads of the parent shellfish are full after 1 month of intensive cultivation.
(2) Spawning induction of parent shellfish: cleaning parent shellfish with plump gonads after ripening in a soil pond, placing in a shade, and adopting a spawning induction method of drying in the shade and then stimulating with ammonia and seawater. When the parent shellfish extends the water tube and the feet out of the body and begins to discharge a small amount of sperm and eggs, the parent shellfish is moved into the place with the length of 36m2And (3) discharging sperm and eggs (the diameter of the eggs is 75 micrometers) in the nursery pond (the water depth is 1.5 meters), and transferring the parent shellfish into a temporary culture pond for temporary culture after the sperm and eggs are discharged. The parent shellfish spawning induction discharge rate is 50%, the fertilization rate is 83%, the parent shellfish excrement in the water body of the seedling pond is fished out, and the hatching density is controlled to be 9/mL. Under the conditions of water temperature of 30 ℃ and salinity of 28.5, the fertilized eggs develop into D-shaped larvae within 21 hours, and the hatchability is 92 percent.
(3) Larva breeding: culturing larva with water-free method during the whole planktonic larva period, strictly controlling larva culturing density (4/ml) and feeding amount (2 ten thousand/ml gradually increased to 6 × 10) of bait (mainly golden algae, Chaetoceros and cloud microalgae)4Ten thousand per ml), and proper amount of EDTA and photosynthetic bacteria are added to adjust the water quality. During the cultivation period of the planktonic larvae, when the water temperature is 29 ℃ and the salinity is 28 ℃, the cultivation period from the D-type larvae to the creeping larvae takes 9 days, and the survival rate of the planktonic larvae is 70 percent.
(4) Metamorphosis and attachment: when the stolon larvae grow to the shell length of 200 micrometers, more than 50 percent of the larvae stretch out of the feet to explore in vitro (no eyespot), fine sand (the particle size is less than 80 micrometers) with the thickness of less than 1 millimeter is put in as an attaching matrix, and the stolon larvae can be completely attached in a metamorphosis way after 4 days.
(5) Early juvenile mollusk cultivation: the young shellfish is fed with chrysophytes, Chaetoceros and Platymonas as main materials, 50% of new water (not falling into the pond) is replaced every 1 day, and the soil pond algae water is fed after 2 weeks of cultivation. And (4) when the juvenile mollusks grow to the shell length of 1mm, pouring the juvenile mollusks into the pond, removing fine sand in the indoor seedling pond, and culturing the juvenile mollusks by a sand-free culture method. At the moment, the bait for young shellfish is mainly fed by pond algae water filtered by cotton bags, and golden algae, Chaetoceros, Platymonas subcordiformis and the like are fed when the bait is insufficient. Under the conditions of water temperature of 24 ℃ and salinity of 29 ℃, the young shellfish can grow to the shell length of more than 1.2 cm and the survival rate of more than 51 percent after 5 months of sand-free cultivation in an indoor cement pond.
(6) And (3) medium seedling cultivation: young shellfish with the shell length of more than 1.2 cm in the indoor seedling raising pool are screened by a screen and transferred to an outdoor cement pool for cultivation, and 18 cm fine sand is paved in the outdoor cement pool. The middle-seedling bait is mainly fed with pond algae water filtered by cotton bags, and when the bait is insufficient, the middle-seedling bait is fed with golden algae, Chaetoceros, Platymonas subcordiformis and the like. Under the conditions of water temperature of 25 ℃ and salinity of 29, the medium-sized seedlings can grow to the shell length of more than 2.1 cm after being paved and cultured in an outdoor cement pond for 3 months, and the growth speed is improved by more than 17 percent compared with pond culture. (pond culture group, in the condition of water temp. 25 deg.C and salinity 28, the medium seedling can be cultured in the pond for 3 months, and grown until the shell length is above 1.8 cm).
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An artificial breeding method of familiaris amabilis includes the following steps:
(1) placing 2-3-year-old Homophilia male shellfish into a culture basket to carry out suspension culture in a pond for 1-2 months to obtain a parent shellfish with plump gonads;
(2) cleaning parent scallops with full gonads obtained in the step (1), drying in the shade, stimulating with ammonia seawater to hasten parturition, putting the parent scallops into a breeding pond to discharge sperm and eggs when water pipes and feet of the parent scallops extend out of the body and sperm and eggs begin to be discharged, putting the parent scallops into a temporary breeding pond to be temporarily bred after the discharge is finished, and hatching the sperm and eggs in the breeding pond for 20-24 hours to obtain D-shaped larvae; the incubation conditions comprise that the water temperature is 28-30 ℃, the salinity is 27-29, and the incubation density is 5-10/mL;
(3) culturing the D-shaped larvae obtained in the step (2) for 8-10 days to obtain creeping larvae; water is not changed during the cultivation period of the planktonic larvae, the cultivation density of the planktonic larvae is 3-5 per mL, the baits for cultivation of the planktonic larvae comprise chrysophyceae, chaetoceros and microalgae clouds, the feeding amount of the baits is gradually increased from 1-2 ten thousand per mL to 5 multiplied by 104～6×104Ten thousand per mL, wherein the temperature for culturing the planktonic larvae is 28-30 ℃, and the salinity is 27-29;
(4) when the shell of the stolon larva obtained in the step (3) grows to 180-200 mu m without an eye point and more than 50% of stolon larvae stretch out feet out of the body for exploration, putting an attaching matrix for metamorphosis attaching culture, and obtaining attached juvenile mollusks after 3-5 days; the temperature of the metamorphosis adhesion culture is 28-30 ℃, and the salinity is 27-29;
(5) early culturing the attached young shellfish obtained in the step (4), replacing 50% fresh water every 1-2 days to obtain young shellfish with the shell length of 1mm, pouring the pond, removing the attached matrix, culturing for 4-6 months without the matrix under the conditions that the temperature is 18-32 ℃ and the salinity is 28-31 to obtain medium-sized seedlings with the shell length of 1.2-1.3 cm;
(6) screening the young shellfishes with the shell length of more than 1.3cm in the middle seedlings obtained in the step (5) to culture the middle seedlings; and laying 10-20 cm of attachment matrix for the medium seedling cultivation, wherein the cultivation temperature is 20-32 ℃, and the salinity is 28-31.
2. The breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the male fibonacci and male fibonacci are selected to be alive, strong and non-injured individuals with body weight and shell height as selection criteria.
3. The breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying time in the shade in step (2) is 3-5 hours.
4. The breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ammonia seawater stimulation conditions in step (2) are as follows: when the ammonia is soaked in the seawater for 1-2 hours, the concentration of the ammonia in the seawater is 120 ml/ton.
5. The breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of the nursery pond in the step (2) is 1-1.5 m.
6. The breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein EDTA and photosynthetic bacteria are also added during the cultivation of said planktonic larvae in step (3).
7. The breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adhering matrix of step (4) comprises fine sand.
8. The breeding method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the fine sand has a thickness of 1mm and a particle size of <80 μm.
9. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), when in the early cultivation, chrysophyceae, chaetoceros and tetraselmis algae are fed to the newly attached young shellfish; feeding pond algae water after culturing for 1-2 weeks; when the substrate-free cultivation is carried out, filtered pond algae water is fed, and when the pond algae water is insufficient, golden algae, chaetoceros and Platymonas verrucosa are supplemented.
10. The breeding method of claim 1, wherein the middle sprout culture in step (6) is carried out by feeding filtered pond algae water, and when the pond algae water is insufficient, the golden algae, Chaetoceros and Platymonas vernalis are supplemented.
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