CN105104266A - Artificial spawning and cultivation method for mytilus coruscus - Google Patents
Artificial spawning and cultivation method for mytilus coruscus Download PDFInfo
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- CN105104266A CN105104266A CN201510540081.9A CN201510540081A CN105104266A CN 105104266 A CN105104266 A CN 105104266A CN 201510540081 A CN201510540081 A CN 201510540081A CN 105104266 A CN105104266 A CN 105104266A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an artificial spawning and cultivation method for mytilus coruscus. The method comprises the following steps of parent selection, intensified parent cultivation, artificial acceleration of maturation, artificial spawning, larvae rearing, larva cultivation and juvenile mytilus coruscus cultivation. The artificial spawning and cultivation method has the advantages that the season limit on mytilus coruscus reproduction is broken through, the time limit on mytilus coruscus reproduction is avoided, and the artificial spawning and cultivation method is of great significance in developing juvenile mollusk production and sustainable cultivation of economic mussels such as mytilus coruscus. On the basis of existing artificial cultivation technology for mytilus coruscus, through further study, experiment parameters are optimized for control over artificial spawning and larvae hatching conditions in the experiment process, the cultivation technology is more precise, and the cultivation hatchability and young mytilus coruscus survival rate are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the shellfish artificial cultivation of aquaculture field, specifically, is a kind of method of Trachyostracous mussel artificial induced spawning and cultivation.
Background technology
Mussel is under the jurisdiction of Mollusca, lamellibranchiata, mussel order, Mytilidae, mussel genus, is marine products bivalve shellfishs, and be commonly called as blue or green mouth, Hai Hong, its dried product claims mussel, has very high nutritive value, also has well medicinal and food therapy effect.The mussel of the cultivation of China mainly contains Mytilus galloprovincialis, Trachyostracous mussel and and Perna viridis.
Trachyostracous mussel is the seawater economic shellfish that nutritive value is higher, there is higher edibility, wide breeding prospect and market development potential, it is distributed in Huanghai-Bohai seas and East China Sea lefteye, and the Eastern China seas natural resources such as Sheng Shan town, matrimony vine township of Shengsi County, Zhejiang Province is more.But for a long time, development along with China's mariculture industry causes people to be over-exploitation, and because global warming, seawater pollution and disease occur often, Trachyostracous mussel natural resources reduces gradually, the spatfall quality and quantity of natural waters obviously declines, and Trachyostracous mussel aquaculture industry is just affected.Therefore greatly develop Trachyostracous mussel Seedling production and become the task of top priority.The breeding physiologic process of Trachyostracous mussel is subject to seasonal restrictions, so the time restriction solving Trachyostracous mussel breeding and the incubation rate that effectively improves Trachyostracous mussel breeding have the importance meaning of reality for the correlative study of Trachyostracous mussel.
Chinese patent literature CN201110131611.6, discloses a kind of method that Trachyostracous mussel artificial repening is cultivated and hastened parturition, and it is to obtain fertilized egg, but does not provide the method for incubating oosperm, and the incubation rate of mussel breeding does not improve.About the mussel breeding artificial induced spawning of incubation rate and the method for cultivation effectively can be improved, yet there are no report.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for deficiency of the prior art, a kind of method of Trachyostracous mussel artificial induced spawning and cultivation is provided.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A method for Trachyostracous mussel artificial induced spawning and cultivation, comprises the following steps:
A, parent's hot housing: select individual loose, shell table is fresh, the gill is complete, sexual gland is full, and ovary is salmon pink, and spermary is the Trachyostracous mussel of off-white color is parent, the byssus of cleaning Trachyostracous mussel parent and the attachment of body surface, after clean with seawater flushing again, being placed in concentration is that the liquor potassic permanganate of 10-20mg/L is sterilized 5-10 minute, then puts into culture pond and carries out hot housing;
B, artificial repening: it is 15 DEG C that Trachyostracous mussel has just put into culture pond water temperature, and later every day rises to 21-24 DEG C with the programming rate of 0.5-1.0 DEG C, until gonadal maturation, constant temperature is waited to produce;
C, artificial induced spawning: Trachyostracous mussel gauze good for artificial repening gonad development is covered, first through 4-6 hour dry in the shade, again after the stimulation by running water of 1 hour, first putting into preprepared temperature is that the seawater of 28-30 DEG C soaks 10-15min, and then the seawater putting into 20-22 DEG C soaks 10-15min, hasten parturition for continuous 2 times;
D, larvae rearing: then close shellfish to be produced is put into and adopt hydrostatic in ovum pond and adopt ovum, laying eggs and ejaculation situation according to close shellfish, determines close shellfish male parent and female parent; Be 23-25 DEG C in water temperature after adopting ovum, carry out inflation hatching when salinity is 30 ‰, hatch and develop into straight line twisting larva after 35-45 hour, then collect;
E, the young are cultivated: moved into by above-mentioned straight line twisting larva of collecting and cultivate pond, and cultivating in pond and controlling larval density is 5-15/ml; Control temperature, the salinity of cultivating seawater in pond, and continuous charge; Day quantity of exchanged water 30%-100%, day changes water 1-2 time, and seawater used has to pass through sand filtration process, throws in disinfectant after changing water; Bait is one or both in chrysophyceae, Chaetoceros, flat algae, bait throwing in 2-3 time every day, and the food density of throwing something and feeding is 10,000-3 ten thousand cells/ml; Treat that young shell grows to 0.28mm and add spatfall curtain in cultivation pond, make juvenile mollusk be attached on spatfall curtain;
F, juvenile mollusk are cultivated: continued to carry out cultivation 30-50 hour in cultivation pond by the above-mentioned juvenile mollusk be attached on spatfall curtain, the condition that wherein juvenile mollusk is cultivated is: water temperature 21-23 DEG C, day quantity of exchanged water 100%-300%; Day changes waterside number 2-3 time; Salinity is 25 ‰-30 ‰, and pH value is 7.8-8.2, and dissolved oxygen content is more than 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is 500Lx-1000Lx, continuous charge, and bait is Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros; Marine cultivation is moved into when juvenile mollusk shell grows to 0.8-1.0mm.
Preferably, in described step B, the artificial repening nurturing period, change once all seawater every day; And 2-3 bait chrysophyceae of throwing something and feeding every day, its density of throwing something and feeding is 2,000,000-300 ten thousand cells/ml.
Preferably, in described step C, during described stimulation by running water flowing water intensity be 30-40 ton water/hour; Hasten parturition seawater used through sand filtration, and salinity is 25-30 ‰; Hasten parturition in process, trace inflation, dark unglazed photograph.
Preferably, in described step D, described adopts in ovum process, adopts 150 order gauzes to leach impurities in water, simultaneously under the flushing of seawater, adopts 300 order gauzes to filter unnecessary sperm, adopts 500 order gauzes to leach fertilized egg; Dissolved oxygen content is more than 5mg/L.
Preferably, in described step D, described collection process is: adopt the method that 300-400 order gauze is adopting draining at the bottom of ovum pond to collect.
Preferably, in described step e, described larval culture density is: straight line twisting larva 5-10/ml, shell top larva 3-5/ml.
Preferably, in described step e, the described method that at the bottom of hydromining cultivation pond, draining and flowing water impact of changing carries out changing water, straight line twisting larval phase, each quantity of exchanged water was 1/3, shell top early larvae phase each quantity of exchanged water is 1/2, shell top larval phase middle and later periods each quantity of exchanged water is 1/2-2/3, and adopts 200-300 eye mesh screen to filter larva at the bottom of cultivation pond.
Preferably, in described step e, the disinfectant of input is penicillin and streptomycin, and the concentration in pool water within is respectively 5-10mg/L and 5-10mg/L.
Preferably, in described step e, first-selected chrysophyceae and Chaetoceros in described bait, flat algae is time choosing.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, method of the present invention breaches the restriction in season of Trachyostracous mussel breeding, solves the time restriction of Trachyostracous mussel breeding, has great importance for the seeling industry of this economic shellfish of development Trachyostracous mussel, sustainable cultivation aspect.
2, the present invention is on the basis of the artificial breeding technique of existing Trachyostracous mussel, further research, condition for artificial induced spawning in experimentation and larvae hatch controls, Optimal Experimental parameter, make cultivating technique more rigorous, improve the incubation rate of breeding and the survival rate of Trachyostracous mussel seed.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Select individual loose, shell table is fresh, the gill is complete, sexual gland is full, and ovary is salmon pink, and spermary is the Trachyostracous mussel of off-white color is parent, the byssus of cleaning Trachyostracous mussel parent and the attachment of body surface, after clean with seawater flushing again, be placed in the liquor potassic permanganate sterilization 10 minutes that concentration is 10mg/L, then put into culture pond and carry out hot housing.
Trachyostracous mussel is put into the culture pond that water temperature is 15 DEG C, later every day rises to 21 DEG C with the programming rate of 0.5 DEG C, changes once all seawater every day period, to throw something and feed every day 2 bait chrysophyceae, its density of throwing something and feeding is 2,000,000 cells/ml, until gonadal maturation, constant temperature is waited to produce.
Trachyostracous mussel gauze good for artificial repening gonad development is covered, first through 4 hours dry in the shade, then after the stimulation by running water of 1 hour, first putting into preprepared temperature is that the seawater of 28 DEG C soaks 10min, and then the seawater putting into 20 DEG C soaks 10min, hasten parturition for continuous 2 times; During stimulation by running water flowing water intensity be 30 tons of water/hour; Hasten parturition seawater used through sand filtration, and salinity is 25 ‰; Hasten parturition in process, trace inflation, dark unglazed photograph.
Put into by close shellfish to be produced and adopt hydrostatic in ovum pond and adopt ovum, laying eggs and ejaculation situation according to close shellfish, determines close shellfish male parent and female parent; Be 23 DEG C in water temperature after adopting ovum, carry out inflation hatching when salinity is 30 ‰, hatch and develop into straight line twisting larva after 35 hours, then collect.
Moved into by above-mentioned straight line twisting larva of collecting and cultivate pond, control to cultivate the larval density in pond: straight line twisting larva is 5-10/ml, shell top larva is 3-5/ml; Control temperature, the salinity of cultivating seawater in pond, and continuous charge; Day quantity of exchanged water 30%, change water day 2 times, seawater used has to pass through sand filtration process, and throw in penicillin and streptomycin after changing water, concentration is respectively 5mg/L and 5mg/L; Bait is chrysophyceae and Chaetoceros, bait throwing in every day 2 times, and the food density of throwing something and feeding is 10,000 cells/ml; When young shell grows to 0.28mm, in cultivation pond, add spatfall curtain, juvenile mollusk is attached on spatfall curtain.
Be attached to juvenile mollusk on spatfall curtain continue to carry out cultivation 30 hours in cultivation pond by above-mentioned, the condition that wherein juvenile mollusk is cultivated is: water temperature 21 DEG C, day quantity of exchanged water 100%; Day changes waterside number 2 times; Salinity is 25 ‰, and pH value is 7.8, and dissolved oxygen content is more than 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is 500Lx, continuous charge, and bait is in Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros; Marine cultivation is moved into when juvenile mollusk shell grows to 0.8-1.0mm.
Survival rate is tested: move into marine juvenile mollusk quantity and be about 2,000 ten thousand, and the release time, at the beginning of 7 months, cultivates in the middle of the sea area of 120 days, the quantity of the juvenile mollusk of survival is about 1,200 ten thousand, survival rate is to 60%, and the specification of juvenile mollusk reaches 1-2cm, can as finished product Trachyostracous mussel seed.
Embodiment 2
Select individual loose, shell table is fresh, the gill is complete, sexual gland is full, and ovary is salmon pink, and spermary is the Trachyostracous mussel of off-white color is parent, the byssus of cleaning Trachyostracous mussel parent and the attachment of body surface, after clean with seawater flushing again, be placed in the liquor potassic permanganate sterilization 10 minutes that concentration is 15mg/L, then put into culture pond and carry out hot housing.
Trachyostracous mussel is put into the culture pond that water temperature is 15 DEG C, later every day rises to 22 DEG C with the programming rate of 0.5 DEG C, changes once all seawater every day period, to throw something and feed every day 3 bait chrysophyceae, its density of throwing something and feeding is 2,000,000 cells/ml, until gonadal maturation, constant temperature is waited to produce.
Trachyostracous mussel gauze good for artificial repening gonad development is covered, first through 5 hours dry in the shade, then after the stimulation by running water of 1 hour, first putting into preprepared temperature is that the seawater of 29 DEG C soaks 10min, and then the seawater putting into 21 DEG C soaks 10min, hasten parturition for continuous 2 times; During stimulation by running water flowing water intensity be 30 tons of water/hour; Hasten parturition seawater used through sand filtration, and salinity is 30 ‰; Hasten parturition in process, trace inflation, dark unglazed photograph.
Put into by close shellfish to be produced and adopt hydrostatic in ovum pond and adopt ovum, laying eggs and ejaculation situation according to close shellfish, determines close shellfish male parent and female parent; Be 24 DEG C in water temperature after adopting ovum, carry out inflation hatching when salinity is 30 ‰, hatch and develop into straight line twisting larva after 40 hours, then collect.
Moved into by above-mentioned straight line twisting larva of collecting and cultivate pond, control to cultivate the larval density in pond: straight line twisting larva is 5-10/ml, shell top larva is 3-5/ml; Control temperature, the salinity of cultivating seawater in pond, and continuous charge; Day quantity of exchanged water 60%, change water day 2 times, seawater used has to pass through sand filtration process, and throw in penicillin and streptomycin after changing water, concentration is respectively 7mg/L and 7mg/L; Bait is chrysophyceae and Chaetoceros, bait throwing in every day 3 times, and the food density of throwing something and feeding is 20,000 cells/ml; When young shell grows to 0.28mm, in cultivation pond, add spatfall curtain, juvenile mollusk is attached on spatfall curtain.
Be attached to juvenile mollusk on spatfall curtain continue to carry out cultivation 40 hours in cultivation pond by above-mentioned, the condition that wherein juvenile mollusk is cultivated is: water temperature 22 DEG C, day quantity of exchanged water 200%; Day changes waterside number 2 times; Salinity is 30 ‰, and pH value is 8.0, and dissolved oxygen content is more than 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is 800Lx, continuous charge, and bait is in Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros; Marine cultivation is moved into when juvenile mollusk shell grows to 0.8-1.0mm.
Survival rate is tested: move into marine juvenile mollusk quantity and be about 1,500 ten thousand, and the release time, at the beginning of 7 months, cultivates in the middle of the sea area of 120 days, the quantity of the juvenile mollusk of survival is about 8,000,000, survival rate is to 53%, and the specification of juvenile mollusk reaches 1-2cm, can as finished product Trachyostracous mussel seed.
Embodiment 3
Select individual loose, shell table is fresh, the gill is complete, sexual gland is full, and ovary is salmon pink, and spermary is the Trachyostracous mussel of off-white color is parent, the byssus of cleaning Trachyostracous mussel parent and the attachment of body surface, after clean with seawater flushing again, be placed in the liquor potassic permanganate sterilization 5 minutes that concentration is 20mg/L, then put into culture pond and carry out hot housing.
Trachyostracous mussel is put into the culture pond that water temperature is 15 DEG C, later every day rises to 24 DEG C with the programming rate of 1 DEG C, changes once all seawater every day period, to throw something and feed every day 3 bait chrysophyceae, its density of throwing something and feeding is 3,000,000 cells/ml, until gonadal maturation, constant temperature is waited to produce.
Trachyostracous mussel gauze good for artificial repening gonad development is covered, first through 6 hours dry in the shade, then after the stimulation by running water of 1 hour, first putting into preprepared temperature is that the seawater of 30 DEG C soaks 15min, and then the seawater putting into 22 DEG C soaks 15min, hasten parturition for continuous 2 times; During stimulation by running water flowing water intensity be 40 tons of water/hour; Hasten parturition seawater used through sand filtration, and salinity is 30 ‰; Hasten parturition in process, trace inflation, dark unglazed photograph.
Put into by close shellfish to be produced and adopt hydrostatic in ovum pond and adopt ovum, laying eggs and ejaculation situation according to close shellfish, determines close shellfish male parent and female parent; Be 25 DEG C in water temperature after adopting ovum, carry out inflation hatching when salinity is 30 ‰, hatch and develop into straight line twisting larva after 45 hours, then collect.
Moved into by above-mentioned straight line twisting larva of collecting and cultivate pond, control to cultivate the larval density in pond: straight line twisting larva is 5-10/ml, shell top larva is 3-5/ml; Control temperature, the salinity of cultivating seawater in pond, and continuous charge; Day quantity of exchanged water 100%, change water day 2 times, seawater used has to pass through sand filtration process, and throw in penicillin and streptomycin after changing water, concentration is respectively 10mg/L and 10mg/L; Bait is chrysophyceae and Chaetoceros, bait throwing in every day 3 times, and the food density of throwing something and feeding is 30,000 cells/ml; When young shell grows to 0.28mm, in cultivation pond, add spatfall curtain, juvenile mollusk is attached on spatfall curtain.
Be attached to juvenile mollusk on spatfall curtain continue to carry out cultivation 50 hours in cultivation pond by above-mentioned, the condition that wherein juvenile mollusk is cultivated is: water temperature 23 DEG C, day quantity of exchanged water 300%; Day changes waterside number 3 times; Salinity is 30 ‰, and pH value is 8.2, and dissolved oxygen content is more than 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is 1000Lx, continuous charge, and bait is in Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros; Marine cultivation is moved into when juvenile mollusk shell grows to 0.8-1.0mm.
Survival rate is tested: move into marine juvenile mollusk quantity and be about 1,800 ten thousand, the release time is mid-July, cultivates in the middle of the sea area of 120 days, the quantity of the juvenile mollusk of survival is about 8,600,000, survival rate is to 47%, and the specification of juvenile mollusk reaches 1-2cm, can as finished product Trachyostracous mussel seed.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the inventive method; can also make some improvement and supplement, these improve and supplement and also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a method for Trachyostracous mussel artificial induced spawning and cultivation, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A, parent's hot housing: select individual loose, shell table is fresh, the gill is complete, sexual gland is full, and ovary is salmon pink, and spermary is the Trachyostracous mussel of off-white color is parent, the byssus of cleaning Trachyostracous mussel parent and the attachment of body surface, after clean with seawater flushing again, being placed in concentration is that the liquor potassic permanganate of 10-20mg/L is sterilized 5-10 minute, then puts into culture pond and carries out hot housing;
B, artificial repening: it is 15 DEG C that Trachyostracous mussel has just put into culture pond water temperature, and later every day rises to 21-24 DEG C with the programming rate of 0.5-1.0 DEG C, until gonadal maturation, constant temperature is waited to produce;
C, artificial induced spawning: Trachyostracous mussel gauze good for artificial repening gonad development is covered, first through 4-6 hour dry in the shade, again after the stimulation by running water of 1 hour, first putting into preprepared temperature is that the seawater of 28-30 DEG C soaks 10-15min, and then the seawater putting into 20-22 DEG C soaks 10-15min, hasten parturition for continuous 2 times;
D, larvae rearing: then close shellfish to be produced is put into and adopt hydrostatic in ovum pond and adopt ovum, laying eggs and ejaculation situation according to close shellfish, determines close shellfish male parent and female parent; Be 23-25 DEG C in water temperature after adopting ovum, carry out inflation hatching when salinity is 30 ‰, hatch and develop into straight line twisting larva after 35-45 hour, then collect;
E, the young are cultivated: moved into by above-mentioned straight line twisting larva of collecting and cultivate pond, and cultivating in pond and controlling larval density is 5-15/ml; Control temperature, the salinity of cultivating seawater in pond, and continuous charge; Day quantity of exchanged water 30%-100%, day changes water 1-2 time, and seawater used has to pass through sand filtration process, throws in disinfectant after changing water; Bait is one or both in chrysophyceae, Chaetoceros, flat algae, bait throwing in 2-3 time every day, and the food density of throwing something and feeding is 10,000-3 ten thousand cells/ml; Treat that young shell grows to 0.28mm and add spatfall curtain in cultivation pond, make juvenile mollusk be attached on spatfall curtain;
F, juvenile mollusk are cultivated: continued to carry out cultivation 30-50 hour in cultivation pond by the above-mentioned juvenile mollusk be attached on spatfall curtain, the condition that wherein juvenile mollusk is cultivated is: water temperature 21-23 DEG C, day quantity of exchanged water 100%-300%; Day changes waterside number 2-3 time; Salinity is 25 ‰-30 ‰, and pH value is 7.8-8.2, and dissolved oxygen content is more than 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is 500Lx-1000Lx, continuous charge, and bait is Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros; Marine cultivation is moved into when juvenile mollusk shell grows to 0.8-1.0mm.
2. the method for Trachyostracous mussel artificial induced spawning according to claim 1 and cultivation, is characterized in that, in described step B, the artificial repening nurturing period, changes once all seawater every day; And 2-3 bait chrysophyceae of throwing something and feeding every day, its density of throwing something and feeding is 2,000,000-300 ten thousand cells/ml.
3. the method for Trachyostracous mussel artificial induced spawning according to claim 1 and cultivation, is characterized in that, in described step C, during described stimulation by running water flowing water intensity be 30-40 ton water/hour; Hasten parturition seawater used through sand filtration, and salinity is 25-30 ‰; Hasten parturition in process, trace inflation, dark unglazed photograph.
4. the method for Trachyostracous mussel artificial induced spawning according to claim 1 and cultivation, it is characterized in that, in described step D, described adopts in ovum process, 150 order gauzes are adopted to leach impurities in water, simultaneously under the flushing of seawater, adopt 300 order gauzes to filter unnecessary sperm, adopt 500 order gauzes to leach fertilized egg; Dissolved oxygen content is more than 5mg/L.
5. the method for Trachyostracous mussel artificial induced spawning according to claim 1 and cultivation, is characterized in that, in described step D, described collection process is: adopt the method that 300-400 order gauze is adopting draining at the bottom of ovum pond to collect.
6. the method for Trachyostracous mussel artificial induced spawning according to claim 1 and cultivation, is characterized in that, in described step e, described larval culture density is: straight line twisting larva 5-10/ml, shell top larva 3-5/ml.
7. the method for Trachyostracous mussel artificial induced spawning according to claim 1 and cultivation, it is characterized in that, in described step e, the described method that at the bottom of hydromining cultivation pond, draining and flowing water impact of changing carries out changing water, straight line twisting larval phase, each quantity of exchanged water was 1/3, shell top early larvae phase each quantity of exchanged water is 1/2, and shell top larval phase middle and later periods each quantity of exchanged water is 1/2-2/3, and adopts 200-300 eye mesh screen to filter larva at the bottom of cultivation pond.
8. the method for Trachyostracous mussel artificial induced spawning according to claim 1 and cultivation, is characterized in that, in described step e, the disinfectant of input is penicillin and streptomycin, and the concentration in pool water within is respectively 5-10mg/L and 5-10mg/L.
9. the method for Trachyostracous mussel artificial induced spawning according to claim 1 and cultivation, is characterized in that, in described step e, first-selected chrysophyceae and Chaetoceros in described bait, flat algae is time choosing.
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CN106069935A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-09 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑美水产生态养殖专业合作社 | The cultural method of Concha Ostreae |
CN106259084A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2017-01-04 | 宁波大学 | A kind of triploid chemical induction method of Mytilus crassitesta Lischke |
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CN108990853A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-14 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | A kind of method that Mytilus galloprovincialis incubation is cultivated |
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CN108990853A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-14 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | A kind of method that Mytilus galloprovincialis incubation is cultivated |
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