CN101432462B - 用包含四面体碳层和较软外层的多层结构涂覆的基底 - Google Patents
用包含四面体碳层和较软外层的多层结构涂覆的基底 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
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- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
本发明涉及至少部分涂覆有多层结构的金属基底。多层结构包括沉积于金属基底上的中间层和沉积于中间层上的无定形碳层。无定形碳层具有低于200GPa的杨氏模量。中间层包括杨氏模量高于200GPa的四面体碳层。本发明还涉及降低涂覆有四面体碳涂层的金属基底的相对物体上的磨损的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用包含沉积于基底上的中间层和沉积于中间层上的无定形碳层的多层结构涂覆的金属基底。该中间层包括四面体碳层。
背景技术
术语类金刚石碳(DLC)描述了包含具有类似于金刚石的结构和性能的碳的一组材料。类金刚石碳涂层的一些例子为a-C、a-C:H、i-C、ta-C和ta-C:H涂层。
由于DLC具有许多吸引人的性能,包括高硬度、化学惰性、高热导性、良好的电和光性能、生物相容性以及优异的摩擦学行为,DLC作为涂层材料已经吸引了人们的相当大的兴趣。
通过sp3键合的分数给出了DLC涂层的大致分类。四面体碳涂层具有高的sp3键合碳分数,而诸如a-C或a-C:H的无定形碳涂层具有较低的sp3键合分数以及较高的sp2键合分数。
氢含量给出了第二分类。DLC涂层可以分为非氢化涂层(ta-C和a-C)以及氢化涂层(ta-C:H和a-C:H)。
四面体碳涂层的组显示了许多令人感兴趣的性能,例如高硬度(类似于金刚石的硬度)和高杨氏模量。这些性能使得四面体碳涂层适于许多需要耐磨的应用。
四面体碳涂层的劣势是它们的高粗糙度。在四面体碳涂层用作摩擦涂层的情况下,相对物体上的磨损可能是无法接受的高程度。
发明概要
本发明的一个目的是提供涂覆有包含四面体碳的多层结构的金属基底,其避免了现有技术的缺陷。
本发明的另一个目的是提供涂覆有包含硬的四面体碳层和较软外层的多层结构的金属基底。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种避免涂覆有四面体碳涂层的金属基底的相对物体上的磨损的方法。
根据本发明的第一部分,提供了至少部分涂覆有多层结构的金属基底。多层结构包括沉积于金属基底上的中间层和沉积于中间层上的无定形碳层。无定形碳层具有优选低于200GPa的杨氏模量。中间层包括杨氏模量高于200GPa的四面体碳层。
多层结构可以包括多个周期,每一周期包括包含至少一层杨氏模量高于200GPa的四面体碳层的中间层和杨氏模量低于200GPa的无定形碳层。周期的数目可以在2和100之间,例如在2和30之间,比如10或15。
四面体碳层
四面体碳层具有高于200GPa的杨氏模量。优选地,杨氏模量范围在200和800GPa之间。更优选,四面体碳层具有至少300GPa,例如400GPa、500GPa或600GPa的杨氏模量。
四面体碳层的硬度优选高于20GPa。四面体碳层的硬度的优选范围在20GPa和80GPa之间。更优选四面体碳层的硬度为至少30GPa,例如40GPa、50GPa或60GPa。
四面体碳的sp3键合碳的分数优选高于50%,例如在50%和90%之间,比如80%。
四面体碳层可以包括非氢化四面体碳(ta-C)或氢化四面体碳(ta-C:H)。在氢化四面体碳的情况下,氢浓度优选在低于20at%的范围,例如10at%。
优选的四面体碳层包括具有高的sp3键合碳分数的非氢化四面体碳(ta-C),例如80%的sp3键合碳分数。
可以通过许多不同技术沉积四面体碳层。
优选的沉积技术包括离子束沉积、脉冲激光沉积、诸如过滤的或未过滤的电弧沉积的电弧沉积、诸如增强等离子体辅助化学气相沉积的化学气相沉积以及激光电弧沉积。
为了影响根据本发明的多层结构的诸如电导性的性能,可以用金属掺杂四面体碳层。原则上任何金属都可用作掺杂剂。
优选掺杂剂包含一种或多种过渡金属,例如Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Mn、Re、Fe、Co、Ir、Ni、Pd和Pt。其它的掺杂剂可以包含B、Li、Na、Si、Ge、Te、O、Mg、Cu、Al、Ag和Au。
优选的掺杂剂是W、Zr和Ti。
四面体碳层优选具有高于0.5μm,例如高于1μm的厚度。
无定形碳层
无定形碳层具有低于200GPa的杨氏模量。
无定形碳层可以包括无定形氢化碳(a-C:H)层或类金刚石纳米复合(DLN)层。
无定形氢化碳层(a-C:H)优选具有低于40%的sp3键合碳分数。更优选sp3分数低于30%。
氢含量优选在20和30%之间。
无定形氢化碳层(a-C:H)的硬度优选在15GPa和25GPa之间。更优选无定形氢化碳层(a-C:H)的硬度在18GPa和25GPa之间。
类金刚石纳米复合层的硬度优选在10GPa和20GPa之间。
优选纳米复合组合物包含成比例的C、Si和O的总量:40-90at%C、5-40at%Si以及5-25at%0。
优选类金刚石纳米复合组合物包含a-C:H和a-Si:O的两个互穿网络。
可以进一步用诸如过渡金属的金属掺杂无定形碳层(a-C:H层或DLN层),所述过渡金属例如为Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Mn、Re、Fe、Co、Ir、Ni、Pd和Pt。
其它的掺杂剂可以包含B、Li、Na、Si、Ge、Te、O、Mg、Cu、Al、Ag和Au。
优选的掺杂剂是W、Zr和Ti。
无定形碳层优选具有高于0.5μm,例如高于1μm的厚度。
多层结构的厚度优选高于0.5μm或高于1μm,例如2μm或3μm。
基底
基底可以包括任何金属基底,是挠性的或是刚性的。基底的例子包括钢基底、硬质合金(hard metal)基底、铝或铝合金基底、钛或钛合金基底或铜和铜合金基底。
根据本发明的多层涂层特别适于应用于气阀机构元件,例如梃杆、活塞销、指状件、指状随动件、凸轮轴、摇臂、活塞、活塞环、齿轮、阀、阀簧和升降机构。
附着促进层
根据本发明的一个实施方式,多层结构可以包含附着促进层。在中间层沉积之前,附着促进层沉积于金属基底上。
附着促进层可以包含任何金属。
优选附着促进层包含至少一种选自硅和周期表IVB族元素、VB族元素、VIB族元素的元素。
优选的中间层包含Ti和/或Cr。
或者,附着促进层包含多于一层,例如两层或更多层金属层,每一层包含选自硅、周期表IVB族元素、VB族元素以及VIB族元素的金属,例如Ti或Cr层。
可选地,附着促进层可以包含一层或多层选自硅、周期表IVB族元素、VB族元素以及VIB族元素的金属的碳化物、氮化物、碳氮化物、碳氧化物、氧氮化物、氧碳氮化物(oxycarbonitride)的层。
一些例子是TiN、CrN、TiC、Cr2C3、TiCN和CrCN。
而且,附着促进层可以包含一层或多层选自硅、周期表IVB族元素、VB族元素以及VIB族元素的金属的金属层与一层或多层选自硅、周期表IVB族元素、VB族元素以及VIB族元素的金属的碳化物、氮化物、碳氮化物、碳氧化物、氧氮化物、氧碳氮化物的层之间的任何组合。
中间层的一些例子包括金属层与金属碳化物层的组合,金属层与金属氮化物层的组合,金属层与金属碳氮化物层的组合,第一金属层、金属碳化物层与第二金属层的组合以及第一金属层、金属氮化物层与第二金属层的组合。
附着促进层的厚度优选在1nm和1000nm之间,例如在10和500nm之间。
可以通过本领域已知的任何技术来沉积附着促进层,例如诸如溅射和蒸发的物理气相沉积。
顶层
根据本发明的另一个实施方式,多层结构可以进一步包括顶层。顶层沉积在无定形碳层上。
可以根据人们想要获得的多层结构的性能,例如高硬度、高耐磨性和/或抗粘性来选择顶层。
本发明的沉积在金属基底上的多层结构的一个优选实施方式包括沉积在金属基底上的四面体碳层、沉积在该四面体碳层顶部的类金刚石纳米复合物(DLN)以及沉积在该类金刚石纳米复合物(DLN)顶部的无定形碳层(例如a-C:H)。
多层结构也可以包括多个周期,每个周期包括四面体碳层、类金刚石纳米复合物(DLN)层以及无定形碳层(例如a-C:H)。周期的数目在2和100之间,例如在2和30之间,比如10或15。
包含四面体碳层和沉积于该四面体碳层上的杨氏模量低于200GPa的无定形碳的本发明的多层结构特别适于降低用于干燥条件中(即不使用润滑剂)的元件的摩擦力,所述干燥条件为例如航空中的真空或在各种腐蚀性或非腐蚀性气体中的条件。
根据本发明的第二部分,提供了一种降低涂覆有四面体碳涂层的金属基底的相对物体上的磨损的方法。
该方法包括步骤:
-提供涂覆有四面体碳涂层的金属基底;
-在所述四面体碳涂层顶部施用无定形碳层,所述无定形碳层的硬度低于四面体碳层的硬度。
四面体碳层的特征在于高硬度和高粗糙度。
当用这种硬的和粗糙的层涂覆的金属基底用于应用时,由此在相对物体上产生摩擦力,涂覆的金属基底的相对物体上的磨损将会很高。
为了降低相对物体上的磨损,根据本发明,比四面体碳层软的层被施用到四面体碳层上作为顶层。该顶层对四面体碳层的磨合磨损行为产生积极的影响。
优选的顶层包括杨氏模量低于200GPa的无定形碳层。
无定形碳层可以包括无定形氢化碳(a-C:H)层或类金刚石纳米复合(DLN)层。
在一个优选实施方式中,顶层硬度从等于或接近四面体碳层硬度的硬度逐渐变化到低于四面体碳层的硬度。
附图简要说明
现在参照附图对发明进行更详细的描述,其中:
-图1-3以截面图显示了根据本发明的多层结构的不同实施方式。
发明优选实施方式的说明
图1给出了根据本发明的涂覆的金属基底10的第一实施方式的截面图。金属基底11涂覆有多层结构12。
多层结构包括:
-沉积于金属基底10上的中间层14。中间层包括四面体碳层。
-沉积于中间层14上的无定形碳层16。无定形碳层包含氢化无定形碳层a-C:H。
中间层14具有1μm的厚度和400GPa的杨氏模量。
无定形碳层16具有1μm的厚度和170GPa的杨氏模量。
在本发明的一个可选实施方式中,无定形碳层16包括包含两个互穿网络a-C:H和a-Si:O的类金刚石纳米复合层。
该无定形碳层16具有1μm的厚度和150GPa的杨氏模量。
图2显示了根据本发明的涂覆的金属基底20的第二实施方式的截面图。金属基底21涂覆有多层结构22。
多层结构包括:
-沉积于金属基底上的附着促进层23。附着促进层23包括例如铬或铬基的层或者钛或钛基的层;
-沉积于附着促进层23上的中间层24。中间层24包括四面体碳层;
-沉积于中间层24上的无定形碳层26。无定形碳层包含氢化无定形碳层a-C:H。
附着促进层23具有0.2μm的厚度;中间层24具有1μm的厚度和400GPa的杨氏模量且无定形碳层26具有1μm的厚度和170GPa的杨氏模量。
或者,多层结构22进一步包括沉积于无定形碳层26上的顶层27。顶层例如是特征在于高硬度、高耐磨性和/或抗粘性的层。
图3显示了根据本发明的涂覆的金属基底30的第三实施方式的截面图。
金属基底31涂覆有包括多个周期33的多层结构32。每个周期包括中间层34和无定形碳层36。周期的数目例如为10。
或者,多层结构32进一步包括顶层37。
Claims (17)
1.至少部分涂覆有多层结构的金属基底,所述多层结构包括沉积于所述基底上的中间层和沉积于所述中间层上的无定形碳层,所述无定形碳层具有低于200GPa的杨氏模量,其特征在于:所述中间层包括杨氏模量高于200GPa的四面体碳层,且所述无定形碳层包括类金刚石纳米复合(DLN)层,所述类金刚石纳米复合(DLN)层包括C、H、Si和O的无定形结构,所述四面体碳层具有大于1μm的厚度,所述四面体碳层为氢化四面体碳层,且所述四面体碳层的氢浓度低于20at%。
2.根据权利要求1的基底,其中所述多层结构包括多个周期,每一周期包括包含至少一层杨氏模量高于200GPa的四面体碳层的中间层和杨氏模量低于200GPa的无定形碳层,其中所述周期的数目在2和100之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2的基底,其中所述四面体碳层的杨氏模量在200和800GPa之间。
4.根据权利要求1或2的基底,其中所述四面体碳层具有高于20GPa的硬度。
5.根据权利要求1或2的基底,其中所述四面体碳层具有高于30%的sp3键合碳分数。
6.根据权利要求1或2的基底,其中用至少一种金属掺杂所述四面体碳层,所述金属选自Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Mn、Re、Fe、Co、Ir、Ni、Pd和Pt。
7.根据权利要求1或2的基底,其中所述无定形碳层选自无定形氢化碳(a-C:H)和另外包含Si和O的无定形氢化碳a-C:H。
8.根据权利要求7的基底,其中另外包含Si和O的无定形氢化碳层包含两个互穿网络:通过氢稳定的类金刚石碳网络中主要为sp3键合碳的第一网络以及通过氧稳定的硅的第二网络。
9.根据权利要求1或2的基底,其中用至少一种金属掺杂所述无定形碳层。
10.根据权利要求1或2的基底,其中所述多层结构包括在所述中间层沉积之前沉积于所述基底上的附着促进层。
11.根据权利要求10的基底,其中所述附着促进层包括至少一层,所述层包含至少一种选自硅和周期表IVB族元素、VB族元素、VIB族元素中的元素。
12.根据权利要求10的基底,其中所述附着促进层包含至少一层金属层,所述金属层包含至少一种选自周期表IVB族元素、VB族元素、VIB族元素中的元素。
13.根据权利要求10的基底,其中所述附着促进层包含至少一层选自硅、周期表IVB族元素、VB族元素以及VIB族元素中的至少一种元素的碳化物、氮化物、碳氮化物、碳氧化物、氧氮化物、氧碳氮化物的层。
14.根据权利要求10的基底,其中所述附着促进层包含至少一层选自周期表IVB族元素、VB族元素以及VIB族元素的金属的金属层与至少一层选自硅、周期表IVB族元素、VB族元素以及VIB族元素中的至少一种元素的碳化物、氮化物、碳氮化物、碳氧化物、氧氮化物、氧碳氮化物的层之间的组合。
15.根据权利要求1或2的基底,其中所述多层结构进一步包括顶层,所述顶层沉积于所述无定形碳层上。
16.降低涂覆有四面体碳涂层的金属基底的相对物体上的磨损的方法,所述方法包括步骤:
-提供涂覆有四面体碳涂层的金属基底;
-在所述四面体碳涂层顶部施用无定形碳层,所述无定形碳层具有低于200GPa的杨氏模量且包括类金刚石纳米复合(DLN)层,所述类金刚石纳米复合(DLN)层包括C、H、Si和O的无定形结构,且所述无定形碳层的硬度低于所述四面体碳涂层的硬度,其中,所述四面体碳层具有大于1μm的厚度,所述四面体碳层为氢化四面体碳层,且所述四面体碳层的氢浓度低于20at%。
17.根据权利要求16的方法,其中所述无定形碳层的硬度从等于或接近四面体碳层硬度的硬度逐渐变化到低于四面体碳层的硬度。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1915472A1 (en) | 2008-04-30 |
PT1915472T (pt) | 2018-12-06 |
JP2014088024A (ja) | 2014-05-15 |
CN101432462A (zh) | 2009-05-13 |
EP1915472B1 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
US20080220257A1 (en) | 2008-09-11 |
JP5503145B2 (ja) | 2014-05-28 |
JP2009504448A (ja) | 2009-02-05 |
WO2007020139A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
US7947372B2 (en) | 2011-05-24 |
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