CN101384391A - 一种切削刀片 - Google Patents

一种切削刀片 Download PDF

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CN101384391A
CN101384391A CNA2007800043999A CN200780004399A CN101384391A CN 101384391 A CN101384391 A CN 101384391A CN A2007800043999 A CNA2007800043999 A CN A2007800043999A CN 200780004399 A CN200780004399 A CN 200780004399A CN 101384391 A CN101384391 A CN 101384391A
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CN101384391B (zh
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杰拉尔德·敏舍尔
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Kennametal Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/22—Cutting tools with chip-breaking equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D77/00—Reaming tools
    • B23D77/02—Reamers with inserted cutting edges
    • B23D77/025—Securing arrangements for cutting inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/18—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with cutting bits or tips or cutting inserts rigidly mounted, e.g. by brazing
    • B23B27/20—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with cutting bits or tips or cutting inserts rigidly mounted, e.g. by brazing with diamond bits or cutting inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/2265—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts by means of a wedge
    • B23C5/2269—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts by means of a wedge for plate-like cutting inserts 
    • B23C5/2273—Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts by means of a wedge for plate-like cutting inserts  having a special shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D77/00—Reaming tools
    • B23D77/02—Reamers with inserted cutting edges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D77/00—Reaming tools
    • B23D77/02—Reamers with inserted cutting edges
    • B23D77/04—Reamers with inserted cutting edges with cutting edges adjustable to different diameters along the whole cutting length
    • B23D77/042—Reamers with inserted cutting edges with cutting edges adjustable to different diameters along the whole cutting length by means of oblique planes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
    • B23P15/46—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools reaming tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
    • B23B2228/56—Two phase materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/16—Supporting or bottom surfaces
    • B23C2200/161—Supporting or bottom surfaces with projections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/16—Supporting or bottom surfaces
    • B23C2200/165—Supporting or bottom surfaces with one or more grooves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23C2226/31—Diamond
    • B23C2226/315—Diamond polycrystalline [PCD]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2260/00—Details of constructional elements
    • B23C2260/80—Serrations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y10T29/49963—Threaded fastener
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/23—Cutters, for shaping including tool having plural alternatively usable cutting edges
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/27—Cutters, for shaping comprising tool of specific chemical composition

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling, Broaching, Filing, Reaming, And Others (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Gripping On Spindles (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于机床的切削刀片(20)，该切削刀片(20)包含一个由多晶金刚石材料构成的扁平刀叶，并且具有一个前表面(21)和一个后表面，前表面(21)由PCD相(23)组成，PCD相(23)上至少具有一个切削刃(22)，而后表面由第二相基质(24)组成，后表面中具有锯齿状突起(25)，锯齿状突起(25)在第二相基质(24)中形成，优选地，锯齿状突起(25)实质上垂直于各个切削刃。

Description

一种切削刀片
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机床(如铰床和镗床)的切削刀片，本发明还涉及一种将切削刀片固定于机床的方法。
背景技术
金刚石是最坚硬的物质，因此，金刚石在所有物质中抗磨损性最好，一些用于机床的切割尖端或刀刃也是由金刚石粉末构成，金刚石粉末可以组成多晶金刚石(PCD)，与碳化物切削刀具相比，PCD极其坚硬并且具有良好的抗磨损性。
PCD是由各自独立的金刚石晶体烧结在一起，并互相关联而成的一种复合材料。PCD晶体可以直接烧结在一个切削刀具上，如专利EPO 0528243A所示的旋转刀头。
PCD同样可用于圆形坯体中，该圆形坯体由第一相PCD及第二相烧结碳化钨组成。坯体通过对一层铺于金属碳化物、氮化物或碳氮化物粉末基质上的金刚石粉末进行超高压和高温处理而制成。在这个过程中，金属第二相从烧结碳化物基质渗透到金刚石晶体之间的间隙区域中，并且将金刚石晶体键合在一起。所合成的坯体将一层极其坚硬的PCD表层结合到碳化物基质上。专利GB 2408735-A中对这一技术方案进行了说明。
PCD坯体非常昂贵而且通常被切割成多个小块，这些小块可以通过铜焊直接安装在切削刀具上，如专利DE 19937739-A所示。然而，这存在一个缺点，即一旦PCD尖端发生磨损或损坏，则整个刀具必须丢弃或者回厂维修。
PCD坯体材料的另一个缺点是材料相对容易破碎，如果刀具受夹紧力作用时，它也可能会发生损坏。在另一种技术中，PCD尖端焊接或铜焊在一个支承体上，该支承体通过机械方法轮流固定于一个刀头。这种装置确保了任何的夹紧力均由刀片的主体承受，并且允许对刀片进行更换。这样一种刀片可从本申请中得到。
专利DE 4423861中公开了另一种现有的切削刀片，该切削刀片具有多个铜焊于主体上的PCD尖端，可在刀具中重新定向，并可轮流使用各个PCD尖端。
将PCD尖端焊接或铜焊于支承体上的操作十分昂贵，而且焊接完成后，PCD尖端必须准确地固定。
发明目的
本发明旨在提供一种改进的和更加经济的用于机床的PCD切削刀片。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于机床的切削刀片，该切削刀片包含一个由多晶金刚石材料构成的扁平刀叶，并且具有一个前表面和一个后表面，前表面由PCD相组成，PCD相上至少具有一个切削刃，而后表面由第二相基质组成，后表面中至少具有一个凹槽，该凹槽在第二相基质中，并且延伸垂直于各个切削刃。
优选地，凹槽由基质中多个锯齿状中的一个组成。
刀叶可以具有2至4个切削刃，优选地，刀叶呈正方形或者实质上呈正方形，优选地，刀叶具有4个切削刃，并且刀叶的背面由两组锯齿形状相交而成。
锯齿形状可以具有许多不同的形状，包括对称波形(如正弦波形)、曲折线形、沟纹形状以及非对称锯齿形状。
本发明还提供了一种切削刀具，该切削刀具包含一个主体，主体中具有一个凹口，本发明上述部分的刀叶安装在该凹口中，刀叶背面上的各个凹槽与刀具上协同操作的脊部彼此相互啮合，以保证刀叶可承受机械的作用力。
优选地，脊部延伸横跨刀叶的整个宽度，通过一个单独的螺纹调节器，切削刀叶可沿着脊部调整其定位。相互啮合的凹槽和脊部可以防止刀叶在调整过程中倾斜。
刀具上的脊部可以形成一系列的锯齿状突起，这些锯齿状突起可以在凹口的一个表面上，或者可选地，在一个安装于凹口的可移动载体上。
刀叶通过一个紧固螺丝头或者一夹紧板，被固定于所述的表面。然而，由于相互啮合的凹槽和脊部承受了机械力的作用，因此夹紧力能够相对地得到降低。
一个正方形刀叶的后表面上具有多组相交的锯齿状突起，松开刀叶，让相互啮合的锯齿状突起分离，然后旋转刀叶，再重新让锯齿状突起啮合，则刀叶的4个切削刃均能得到利用。
本发明还提供了一种将PCD材料切削刀叶固定于切削刀具中的方法，切削刀叶在PCD表层上至少有一个切削刃，并且在其后表面的PCD第二相基质中至少具有一个凹槽，该切削刀叶被夹紧在刀具的脊部，刀叶与所述脊部可相互啮合。
优选地，凹槽实质上垂直于各个切削刃，通过刀叶沿着刀具上的脊部进行移动，刀叶的切削刃可调整到新的位置。
若刀叶具有多个切削刃，则可对刀刃或者刀叶进行更换，更换时只需简单地将刀叶从载体移走，然后将前述的刀叶或另一个同样的刀叶重新安装到锯齿状突起或脊部上，则可提供一个新的切削刃，而彼此相互啮合的凹槽和脊部确保了所述切削刃能重新准确定位。
附图说明
图1是一个现有的切削刀片的平面图；
图2是本发明所述的切削刀片的立体视图；
图3是图2所示的切削刀片的正面截面视图；
图4是图2所示的切削刀叶的仰视图，显示其PCD表层；
图5是切削刀具的径向切面示意图，在原位显示切削刀片；以及
图6是图5所示的刀具的侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1显示了一个现有的切削刀叶或刀片10，切削刀叶或刀片10具有碳化钨主体11，碳化钨主体11实质上呈矩形平面。刀片的前表面14上形成一个凹陷15或者凹痕，这凹陷或者凹痕对称地位于表面14的长中轴线和宽中轴线的大约中间位置。这一凹陷可用于将刀片10夹紧于刀具中，专利GB 2338196对其进行了详细的说明。
碳化钨主体11中有一个开口13，PCD切割尖端12铜焊于开口13中。
现特别参考图2至图4，图2至图4显示了本发明所述的切削刀片或刀叶20。刀片20是通过电火花线切削技术，从一个PCD坯体切割而得，该PCD坯体在其碳化物基质24上形成有PCD相23。刀片20实质上是一个正方形平面，在其PCD相上具有一个扁平的前表面21，PCD相上至少有2个切削刃，优选的是有4个切削刃22。PCD相的厚度通常为0.45～0.7mm，这取决于金刚石颗粒的大小。碳化物基质24形成刀片20的背面，其厚度通常为0.55～2.6mm。在本实施例中，PCD相23的厚度约为0.7mm，而碳化物基质的厚度在1.3～2.6mm之间。
刀片20的背面至少具有一个凹槽25，凹槽25位于其后表面中，优选地，刀片20的背面上具有多个锯齿状突起35。锯齿状突起25所包含的锯齿状突起在刀叶16的整个长方向上延伸，实质上垂直于切削刃24。本实施例中具有4个切削刃34，一组锯齿状突起25A横向延伸至另一组锯齿状突起25B，因此，锯齿状突起25A与25B彼此相交，形成了一个个独立的锥形凸出体。锯齿状突起的深度通常为0.85mm，它通过一个金刚石砂轮而造型在基质中，并且完全处于碳化物第二相基质24内。
两个切削刃分别位于刀叶的两个对侧，锯齿状突起25仅在所述的两个对侧之间延伸。
引用附图中的图5和图6，图中所示的刀具51具有一个柄部52，所使用的柄部52被夹紧于机床中，使刀具可以绕其纵轴旋转。
刀具51通常是一个铰床，具有一个圆柱形头部53，头部53至少载有一个切削刀片20。典型地，头部53具有多个切削刀片20，这些切削刀片围绕头部13，每隔一定的角度均匀设置，为简明表示，图中仅显示其中一个切削刀片，本发明仅引用所述的一个刀叶进行详细说明，其它刀叶实质上是等同的。
各个刀片20均各自安置在一个独立的凹口54中，凹口54位于头部53的外围。头部53还具有多个轴向延伸的中心定位块(图中未显示)，中心定位块与头部有一定的间隔。若利用2个刀片20，两个刀片可以安置在彼此完全相对的位置上。
切削刀片20呈径向朝向头部53。凹口54具有一个径向侧面56，切削刀片由紧固螺丝57固定于径向侧面56。
位于刀片背面的锯齿状突起25与位于凹口54的径向侧面56上呈径向的锯齿状突起55相互啮合。在本实施例中，锯齿状突起25和55呈平面直肋形式，具有三角形的横截面，其顶角角度为45～90°，优选地，约为60°。锯齿状突起的高度为1.00mm～1.75mm，肋的顶部是斜面结构。在凹口54的侧面56与凹口的径向内表面的相交处具有一个轴向延伸的排砂孔58。
刀片20通过螺丝57固定于凹口内，螺丝57挤压刀片20从而使锯齿状突起25和55彼此牢固紧靠，因此，所有作用于刀片的作用力均通过相互啮合的锯齿状突起转移至刀头53。
刀片的内表面侧至少邻接于一个调节器59。各个调节器59均包含一个锥形的楔子，楔子可以通过一个调节器螺丝64在弦孔63内进行移动，调节器螺丝64用于切削刃22的高度的径向调节。总调节范围约为0.5mm。
刀片首次安装于刀具时，通过常规检验对刀片进行校正径向调节，并且通过刀片位置调节作误差技术处理。典型地，刀叶安装位置的准确度在3～5微米之间。此后，若需要更新切削刃22，只需旋开紧固螺丝57，将刀片20从凹槽22移走。然后，重新安放刀片20以提供一个新的切削刃，或者更换为一个新的同样的刀叶。由于所有刀叶后表面上的锯齿状突起25均与切削刃相对应，精确地固定于其中，因此，新刀叶安装于铰床时，将提供一个准确地轴向定位的切削刃，刀叶只需进行径向调节。
刀片20可以安置在一个可移动的载体上(图中未显示)，刀片20与载体的组合体固定在单独的凹口54中。
可使用刀片20的典型机床为镗床、铰床、铣头等。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于机床的切削刀片，该切削刀片包含一个由多晶金刚石材料构成的扁平刀叶，并且具有一个前表面和一个后表面，前表面由PCD相组成，PCD相上至少具有一个切削刃，而后表面由第二相基质组成，后表面中至少具有一个凹槽，该凹槽在第二相基质中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的刀片，其特征在于：后表面中至少具有一个凹槽，凹槽实质上垂直于各个切削刃。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的刀片，其特征在于：各个凹槽由基质中多个锯齿状中的一个组成。
4.根据权利要求1至3的其中之一所述的刀片，其特征在于：刀片具有2至4个切削刃。
5.根据权利要求4所述的刀片，其特征在于：刀片实质上呈正方形，具有4个切削刃，而且刀叶的背面由两组锯齿形状相交而成。
6.一种切削刀具，该切削刀具包含一个主体，主体中具有一个凹口，权利要求1至5的其中之一所述的刀片安装在凹口中，刀片背面上的各个凹槽与刀具上协同操作的脊部彼此相互啮合，以保证刀片可承受机械的作用力。
7.根据权利要求6所述的切削刀具，其特征在于：通过一个单独的螺纹调节器，切削刀叶可沿着脊部调整其定位。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的切削刀具，其特征在于：刀片安装在刀具圆周表面的一个凹口内，所有脊部均位于凹口侧面上，且为锯齿形状。
9.根据权利要求8所述的切削刀具，其特征在于：刀片通过一个紧固螺丝头或者一夹紧板，被固定于所述的表面。
10.一种将PCD材料切削刀叶固定于切削刀具中的方法，切削刀叶在PCD表层上至少有一个切削刃，其特征在于：切削刀叶在第二相基质内至少具有一个凹槽，刀叶被夹紧在刀具的脊部，刀叶与所述脊部可相互啮合，因此，凹槽与脊部彼此相互啮合。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于：所述的至少一个凹槽在刀叶的整个宽度上延伸，实质上与刀叶的切削刃相互垂直，而且通过刀具上的调节器，刀叶可沿着脊部进行移动，从而调节其在脊部上的安装位置。
12.根据权利要求10所述的用于固定具有多个切削刃的切削刀叶的方法，其特征在于：可对刀刃或者刀叶进行更换，更换时只需简单地将刀叶从刀具移走，并将所述的刀叶或者另一个同样的刀叶重新安装到脊部上，以提供一个新的切削刃，而彼此相互啮合的凹槽和脊部确保了所述切削刃能重新准确定位。
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CN101384391B (zh) 2010-12-01
GB0602067D0 (en) 2006-03-15
GB2434771A8 (en) 2007-08-09
ATE462516T1 (de) 2010-04-15
DE602007005606D1 (de) 2010-05-12
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GB2434771A (en) 2007-08-08
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EP1984135A1 (en) 2008-10-29
RU2008134853A (ru) 2010-03-10
US20090252566A1 (en) 2009-10-08
EP1984135B2 (en) 2017-08-02
JP2009525197A (ja) 2009-07-09
GB2434771B (en) 2011-11-30
MX2008009936A (es) 2008-10-01
CA2641328A1 (en) 2007-08-09
BRPI0707492A2 (pt) 2011-05-03
WO2007088353A1 (en) 2007-08-09
EP1984135B1 (en) 2010-03-31
JP2014210340A (ja) 2014-11-13

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