CN101298248A - 操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法 - Google Patents

操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101298248A
CN101298248A CNA2008100928274A CN200810092827A CN101298248A CN 101298248 A CN101298248 A CN 101298248A CN A2008100928274 A CNA2008100928274 A CN A2008100928274A CN 200810092827 A CN200810092827 A CN 200810092827A CN 101298248 A CN101298248 A CN 101298248A
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plug
electric vehicle
hybrid electric
combustion engine
engine
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CN101298248B (zh
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E·M·拉斯克
R·D·伯恩斯
M·A·瑟奥鲍德
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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Abstract

提供一种操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，其包括以下步骤：A)判断充电式混合动力电动车是否从外部电源接收电力；B)如果充电式混合动力电动车从外部电源接收电力，则禁止充电式混合动力电动车的操作，并且执行热程序，其中热程序包括为高压电池充电，并且监控高压电池的荷电状态；C)判断充电式混合动力电动车是否继续从外部电源接收电力；并且D)如果充电式混合动力电动车不再从外部电源接收电力，则允许进行充电式混合动力电动车的操作。

Description

操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法。
背景技术
[0002]在汽车市场，采用可消耗燃料(如矿物燃料)和电能(通常存储在电池内)的组合来驱动的混合动力电动车变得越来越流行。这种混合动力电动车正逐步替代纯电动车以及仅由内燃机驱动的传统车辆。
[0003]纯电动车通常没有给电池充电的车载装置，因此必须从外部电源充电，如家用交流电、公用充电设施、或者任何其它可与车辆充电系统兼容的外部电源。相反，混合动力电动车通常不从外部电源充电，而是使用车载装置的能量充电。
[0004]典型的混合动力电动车既包括给电动机提供电力的电池，又包括内燃机，其中电池可从内燃机充电。可通过电动机和/或内燃机向车辆驱动系统提供动力。可使用矿物燃料给混合动力电动车加燃料，包括但不限于可从加油站获得的燃料，而无需考虑适合于为电池充电的外部电源的可获得性。因为电池使用来自内燃机的电力充电，因此，为混合动力电动车充电通常不需要使用外部电源。
[0005]对于典型的混合动力电动车，使用来自内燃机的电力进行电池充电使得充电的成本与可消耗燃料的成本成比例。对于电池从外部电源充电的纯电动车不是这种情况。
[0006]因此本发明涉及充电式混合动力电动车，其不同于典型的混合动力电动车，因为充电式混合动力电动车具有从外部电源，即车辆外部的电源(例如家用交流电电力)或者从车载装置(例如内燃机)向其电池充电的能力。充电式混合动力电动车将使用通过任何可获得的成本高效的装置产生电力的外部电源充电的纯电动车的能力与使用通过内燃机产生的电力充电的混合动力电动车的能力进行了合并。
发明内容
[0007]提供了一种操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，其包括以下步骤：A)判断充电式混合动力电动车是否正从外部电源接收电力；B)如果充电式混合动力电动车正从外部电源接收电力，则禁止充电式混合动力电动车的操作，并且执行热程序，其中热程序包括为高压电池充电，并且监控高压电池的荷电状态；C)判断充电式混合动力电动车是否继续从外部电源接收电力；并且D)如果充电式混合动力电动车不再从外部电源接收电力，则允许进行充电式混合动力电动车的操作。
[0008]在优选实施例中，该方法包括进一步的步骤：E)以纯电动运行模式操作充电式混合动力电动车；F)监控高压电池，以确定荷电状态；G)判断是否将在预定量的时间内发出指令启动内燃机；并且H)如果将在预定量的时间或能量消耗内发出指令启动内燃机，则完成以下至少之一：通过传递包含在可选择性排放的隔热容器中的热发动机冷却液加热内燃机；和通过使可选择性放电的能量存储装置放电，向催化剂加热器供给能量，以加热相对于内燃机放置的催化剂。
[0009]当结合附图时，本发明的以上特征与优势以及其他特征与优势将通过以下对实施本发明的最佳实施例的详细说明而显而易见。
附图说明
[0010]图1为包含用于与本发明相一致的混合动力传动系的控制系统的充电式混合动力电动车一部分的示意性图例；以及
[0011]图2为以流程图形式描绘的方法，示例了操作图1的充电式混合动力电动车的各个步骤。
具体实施方式
[0012]参照图1，示出了通常表示为10的混合动力电动车的一部分。充电式混合动力电动车10包括控制系统12与混合动力传动系14。混合动力传动系14包括内燃机16，例如点燃式或压燃式发动机，变速器18操作性的连接内燃机。图1的内燃机16为压燃式柴油发动机；然而，本领域技术人员应该知道，要求权利的发明可以应用于包含点燃式发动机的混合动力传动系，同时保留在所要求权利的范围之内。内燃机16向变速器18提供转矩，继而，提供所需的驱动力，以实现充电式混合动力电动车10的运动。提供至少一个电动机20，使其与由内燃机10提供的动力协同或替代由内燃机10提供的动力，以实现充电式混合动力电动车10的运动，从而将混合动力功能提供给混合动力传动系14。
[0013]内燃机16包括限定出多个气缸24的气缸体22。每个气缸24至少部分限定出可变容积燃烧室26。由箭头28指示的入口空气通过进气歧管30连通至内燃机16的每个燃烧室26。未示出的入口空气28与燃料的混合物随后在燃烧室26中燃烧，并且由箭头22指示的燃烧产物通过排气歧管34排出内燃机。拉姆达传感器或氧传感器36与36A相对于排气歧管34安装，并且操作其以确定包含在燃烧产物32中的氧的百分比，从而在操作过程中确定内燃机16的空然比。空燃比对于优化内燃机16的性能和效率尤其重要。加热器38与38A相对于各自的氧传感器36与36A安装，并且可操作地加热氧传感器36与36A，以便在内燃机16的冷启动或重新启动状态过程中能够操作。
[0014]催化剂40，例如三元催化剂放置在排气歧管34的下游，并且可操作地从燃烧产物32中降低某些被调节的排放成分，例如氮的氧化物和碳氢化物。催化剂40包括催化剂加热器42。催化剂加热器42优选地能够在内燃机16的冷启动过程中加热或加温催化剂40，以达到或接近催化剂熄灯温度，从而在内燃机16启动时降低被调节的排放成分。为了辅助内燃机16启动，在每个燃烧室26中设置电热塞44。电热塞44在燃烧室26内操作以加热入口空气28与燃料，从而为燃烧室26内的燃烧提供更多有利条件。另外，入口空气加热器45设置在进气歧管30的入口处，以在入口空气28进入燃烧室26之前对其加热，从而为燃烧室26内的燃烧提供更多有利条件，并且降低了内燃机16的冷启动过程中白烟产生的可能。
[0015]气缸体22进一步限定出由箭头48指示的，配置成包含预定量发动机冷却液的水套46。发动机冷却液48提取由内燃机16的运行所产生的热能。提供发动机冷却液加热器50，以便在内燃机16启动之前加温冷却液，从而降低摩擦与碳氢化物排放，并且提高了内燃机启动时的稳定性。同样地，相对于储油器或盘51安装发动机润滑油加热器52，为了清晰，远离内燃机16示出，并且发动机润滑油加热器52操作以加热包含在其中的发动机润滑油53。通过在启动内燃机16之前加热发动机润滑油53，降低发动机润滑油53的粘度，以使得增加内燃机的运行效率。提供冷却液循环泵54，以便通过内燃机16与加热器芯56循环发动机冷却液48，从而在内燃机16未运行时，向充电式混合动力电动车10的内部提供热。提供隔热存储箱58，例如杜瓦箱，以包含预定量的已加热的发动机冷却液48。提供阀60，以选择性地从隔热存储箱58释放已加热的冷却液48，从而加温内燃机16。车辆设计领域的技术人员应该知道，相似地杜瓦箱与阀结构可用于将已加热的润滑油53存储与释放至内燃机16，例如干油槽润滑系统。
[0016]为方便起见，在控制系统12中相互连接装置的实线表示电力线，而在控制系统12中相互连接装置的虚线则表示信号线。充电式混合动力电动车10的控制系统12包括操纵电缆62，其可操作地将外部电源64，例如家用交流电的电力传送至控制系统12。控制系统12进一步包括高压电池充电器66与辅助电力模块72，其中高压电池充电器66可操作地为高压电池68充电，并且将高压直流电力传送至加热，通风，以及空气调节压缩机70。辅助电力模块72将高压电池充电器66的高压直流转换成低压直流，并且操作以为低压电池74充电并保持低压电池。本领域技术人员应该知道电力可以经由例如由线圈75产生的感应，从外部电源64传送至高压电池充电器66，在剖视图中示出。在该实施例中，线圈75中的一个相对于充电式混合动力电动车10安装，同时另一个远离其安装，例如在车库地板的表面之下。通过用线圈75感应地向高压电池68充电，使得在外部电源64与充电式混合动力电动车10之间不需要物理连接。
[0017]低压电池74与辅助电源72共同向风扇76提供电力，该风扇可操作地将暖风或冷风吹进充电式混合动力电动车10的内部。加热芯56，空气调节压缩机70，以及风扇76共同形成加热、通风、以及空气调节系统77，其由图1中的假想线所限定。另外，低压电池74与辅助电源72共同向电热塞44，入口空气加热器45，冷却液循环泵54以及阀60提供电力。低压电池74与辅助电源72进一步共同向发动机控制模块78，混合动力车辆控制模块80，以及车身控制模块81提供电力。发动机控制模块78将内燃机16的运行参数，例如发动机转速，发动机载荷，发动机冷却剂温度等传送至混合动力车辆控制模块80。并且操作各种发动机相关装置，例如净化空气洗涤器加热器83。本领域技术人员应该知道，净化空气洗涤器加热器83可操作地提高未示出的车辆蒸发污染系统中收集的碳氢化物的吸收。另外，混合动力车辆控制模块80可操作地将发动机控制参数传送至发动机控制模块78，以实现内燃机16的操作。车身控制模块81在监控内部(即，车厢)与外部(即，周围环境)空气温度的同时可操作地控制车厢特征，例如座椅加热器85与娱乐系统87。可选择性放电的能量存储装置82，例如电容器和/或电池，通过低压电池74与辅助电源72充电。
[0018]来自外部电源64的交流电向加热器42，50，52以及可操作地加温高压电池68的电池加热器84提供电力，以防止在寒冷环境中损坏高压电池68，从而增加充电式混合动力电动车10的可靠性。提供高压电池控制模块86，以监控高压电池68的荷电状态，并且将该荷电状态信息提供至混合动力车辆控制模块80。用户界面88与混合动力车辆控制模块80通讯，以允许充电式混合动力电动车10的操作者为参考图2在下文论述的控制系统12的各方面编程。
[0019]混合动力车辆控制模块80通过选择性启动各个继电器90，92，94，96，98，100，102及104选择性地控制与监控催化剂加热器42，发动机冷却液加热器50，发动机润滑油加热器52，冷却液循环泵54，电池加热器84，空气调节压缩机70，风扇76，以及阀60的运行。车身控制模块81通过选择性启动继电器105选择性控制与监控座椅加热器85的运行。同样地，发动机控制模块78通过选择性启动各个继电器106，107，108及109选择性控制与监控电热塞44，入口空气加热器45，能量存储装置82，以及净化空气洗涤器加热器83的运行。发动机控制模块78配置成接收来自氧传感器36与36A的信号，该信号指示了内燃机16的运行状态，即，理想配比发动机运行的浓或稀。
[0020]参照图2，并继续参照图1，显示了操作充电式混合动力电动车10的方法110。混合动力车辆控制模块80优选地配置成或编程为根据方法110操作充电式混合动力电动车10。该方法110起始于步骤112，并且进行至步骤114，在该步骤中，作出充电式混合动力电动车10的操纵电缆62是否连接至外部电源64的判断，从而接收来自外部电源64的电力。如果不是，发动机控制模块78，混合动力车辆控制模块80，以及高压电池控制模块86允许“休眠”或保持不起作用，如在步骤116中所指示的。可替换地，如果确定充电式混合动力电动车10的操纵电缆62连接至外部电源64，该方法110将进行至步骤118。
[0021]在步骤118处，启动发动机控制模块78，混合动力车辆控制模块80，以及高压电池控制模块86。在步骤120处，混合动力车辆控制模块80将禁止混合动力电动车10的操作。该功能防止当操纵电缆62连接至外部电源64时，混合动力电动车无意间开走。
[0022]在步骤122处，启动热程序。该热程序包括用户存储的程序，例如车厢所需的温度与预期的通勤开始时间，以及生产商存储的程序，例如燃油经济性与排放相关的程序。用户存储的程序优选地通过用户界面88输入至混合动力车辆控制模块80。该热程序包括指令高压电池充电器66为高压电池68充电。高压电池控制模块86将为混合动力车辆控制模块80提供荷电状态信息。为高压电池68充电所需的能量成本可以通过使用替代内燃机16的来自外部电源64的电力降低，因为家用电力的价格通常低于用于操作内燃机16的矿物燃料的价格。另外，通过向高压电池68充电，充电式混合动力电动车10能够以纯电动运行模式操作，从而延迟启动内燃机16的需求。在步骤122处，混合动力车辆控制模块80将指令加热器50与52分别加热发动机冷却液48与发动机润滑油53。冷却液循环泵54也受混合动力车辆控制模块80指令，从而通过内燃机16循环发动机冷却液48，以增加发动机冷却液加热器50的效率。通过加热发动机冷却液48，可将内燃机16置于有利的启动条件下。随着发动机冷却液48温度的增加，内燃机16的燃烧稳定性得以提高，同时降低了燃烧产物32中的碳氢化物排放成分。通过在发动机润滑油加热器52中加热发动机润滑油53，降低了发动机启动时的粘性摩擦，从而降低了启动力，并且增加了内燃机16的运行效率。阀60可以通过混合动力车辆控制模块80选择性地开启，以能够用预定量的已加热的发动机冷却液48填充隔热存储箱58。
[0023]冷却液循环泵54操作通过加热器芯56传递已加热的发动机冷却液48，该加热器芯56与风扇76结合，将热提供至充电式混合动力电动车10的车厢，用于作为必要的乘客舒适或除霜目的。另外，如果需要充电式混合动力电动车10的车厢冷却，混合动力车辆控制模块80可以指令空气调节压缩机70结合风扇76操作。
[0024]在步骤122处，混合动力车辆控制模块80将监控低压电池74的状态，并且控制辅助电力模块72。如果充电式混合动力电动车10处于寒冷的周围环境中，混合动力车辆控制模块80可以指令电池加热器84加热高压电池68。可替换地，如果充电式混合动力电动车10处于温暖的周围环境中，混合动力车辆控制模块80可以指令空气调节压缩机70结合风扇76操作，以冷却高压电池68，从而增加高压电池68的寿命。本领域技术人员应该知道，相对于仅仅依靠于加热、通风、以及空气调节系统77，专用的电池冷却风扇，例如风扇76，可以用于冷却高压电池68。
[0025]在步骤122处，热程序还包括通过选择性地启动电热塞44与入口空气加热器45而加热内燃机16的燃烧室26，从而将内燃机16置于更有利的启动条件下。电热塞44与入口空气加热器45的操作由混合动力车辆控制模块80通过发动机控制模块78发出指令。混合动力车辆控制模块80还可以指令催化剂加热器42加热催化剂40，从而降低内燃机16启动后的调节排放成分。发动机控制模块78将指令加热器38与38A加热各自的氧传感器36与36A，以能够准确控制内燃机16的燃料添加以及净化空气洗涤器加热器85，从而提高蒸发污染系统性能。在热程序过程中，即，方法110的步骤122中，为能量存储装置82充电。
[0026]在步骤124处，发动机控制模块78，混合动力车辆控制模块80，以及高压电池控制模块86监控例如，冷却液循环泵54，空气调节压缩机70等指令在步骤122处操作的各种装置或部件的温度与电流。在步骤126处，控制指令在步骤122处操作的装置处于温度和/或电流限制中，以及其先后顺序。混合动力车辆控制器80确保外部电源64不过载，同时在步骤122处完成热程序启动。另外，如果外部电源64先于程序化的时间或事件而出现故障，混合动力车辆控制模块80可以通过闪灯，鸣笛，和/或向用户界面88传送消息警告车辆操作者，指示来自外部电源64的电力已经中断。
[0027]在步骤128处，作出热程序是否超时的判断。也就是说，作出关于是否指令在步骤122处的热程序过程中操作的装置已经启动了大于或等于预定量的时间的判断。如果是的，发动机控制模块78，混合动力车辆控制模块80，以及高压电池控制模块86均在步骤130处不起作用。否则，该方法110进行至步骤132处，在该步骤中作出外部电源64是否仍例如通过操纵电缆62或线圈75向充电式混合动力电动车10提供电力的判断。如果是的，该方法110将返回到步骤124处。可替换地，该方法110将进行至步骤134处，在该步骤中，混合动力车辆控制模块80将使得充电式混合动力电动车10能够在步骤134处操作。在步骤136处，混合动力车辆控制模块80将执行电驱动程序。这可以包括通过用户界面88启动娱乐系统至预编程序设置，问候操作者，以及编程到混合动力车辆控制模块80中的其他特征与功能。另外，在步骤136处，充电式混合动力电动车10能够仅依靠电动机20以纯电动运行模式操作，其中，该电动机20由高压电池68提供电力，以向充电式混合动力电动车10提供驱动力。
[0028]在步骤138处作出关于是否即将启动内燃机16的判断；例如，当高压电池68的荷电状态下降至预定水平之下或操作者的转矩需求大于能够由电动机20所提供的转矩时。如果不是即将启动内燃机，该方法110将返回到连续监控发动机启动标准。可替换地，该方法110进行至步骤140处，在该步骤中执行发动机启动程序。在步骤140处，发动机控制模块78允许能量存储装置82放电，从而启动催化剂加热器42，其随即加热催化剂40。如上文所提及的，通过预热催化剂40，燃烧产物32中的调节排放成分可以在发动机启动时降低。另外，在步骤140处，混合动力车辆控制模块80指令阀60开启，从而允许包含在其中的已加热的发动机冷却液48通过内燃机16的气缸体22循环。如上文所描述的，通过在启动之前预热内燃机16，可以降低碳氢化物废气排放，同时增加燃烧稳定性。
[0029]尽管用于实施本发明的最佳方式已经作了详细描述，但是熟悉本发明所涉及领域的技术人员仍应该知道，用于本发明的各种可替换地设计与实施例在所附权利要求的范围内。

Claims (20)

1.一种操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，包括：
判断所述充电式混合动力电动车是否正从外部电源接收电力；
如果所述充电式混合动力电动车正从所述外部电源接收电力，则禁止所述充电式混合动力电动车的操作，并且执行热程序；
其中所述热程序包括为高压电池充电，并且监控所述高压电池的荷电状态；
判断所述充电式混合动力电动车是否继续从所述外部电源接收电力；并且
如果所述充电式混合动力电动车不再从所述外部电源接收电力，则允许进行所述充电式混合动力电动车的操作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，进一步包括，如果所述充电式混合动力电动车正从所述外部电源接收电力，则向混合动力车辆控制器，发动机控制器，高压电池控制器，以及车身控制器中的至少一个供给能量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，其特征在于，所述热程序包括：
向发动机润滑油加热器供给能量，以加热在所述充电式混合动力电动车的内燃机中使用的发动机润滑油；
监控所述发动机润滑油加热器的温度与电流中的至少一个；并且
在电流限制，温度限制，以及操作的先后顺序中的至少一个中控制所述发动机润滑油加热器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，其特征在于，所述热程序包括：
向发动机冷却液加热器供给能量，以加热包含在所述充电式混合动力电动车的内燃机中的发动机冷却液；
监控所述发动机冷却液加热器的温度与电流中的至少一个；并且
在电流限制，温度限制，以及操作的先后顺序中的至少一个中控制所述发动机冷却液加热器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，其特征在于，所述热程序包括：
操作冷却液循环泵，以循环所述发动机冷却液；
监控所述冷却液循环泵的电流；并且
在电流限制与操作的先后顺序中的至少一个中控制所述冷却液循环泵。
6.根据权利要求1所述的操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，其特征在于，所述热程序包括：
操作所述充电式混合动力电动车的加热、通风、以及空气调节系统；
监控所述加热、通风、以及空气调节系统的温度与电流中的至少一个；并且
在电流限制，温度限制，以及操作的先后顺序中的至少一个中控制所述加热、通风、以及空气调节系统。
7.根据权利要求1所述的操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，其特征在于，所述热程序包括对所述高压电池进行加热与冷却中的一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，其特征在于，所述热程序包括：
向入口空气加热器与电热塞中的至少一个供给能量，以加热所述充电式混合动力电动车的内燃机中的燃烧室；
监控所述入口空气加热器与所述电热塞中的所述至少一个的温度与电流中的至少一个；并且
在电流限制，温度限制，以及操作的先后顺序中的至少一个中控制所述入口空气加热器与所述电热塞中的所述至少一个。
9.根据权利要求1所述的操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，其特征在于，所述热程序包括：
向氧传感器加热器供给能量，以加热相对于内燃机安装的氧传感器；
监控所述氧传感器加热器的温度与电流中的至少一个；并且
在电流限制，温度限制，以及操作的先后顺序中的至少一个中控制所述氧传感器加热器。
10.根据权利要求1所述的操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，其特征在于，所述热程序包括：
向净化空气洗涤器加热器与催化剂加热器中的至少一个供给能量，催化剂加热器可操作以加热相对于内燃机放置的催化剂；
监控所述净化空气洗涤器加热器与所述催化剂加热器中的所述至少一个的温度与电流中的至少一个；并且
在电流限制，温度限制，以及操作的先后顺序中的至少一个中控制所述净化空气洗涤器加热器与所述催化剂加热器中的所述至少一个。
11.根据权利要求1所述的操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，其特征在于，所述热程序包括：
控制辅助电力模块；
利用所述辅助电力模块为低压电池充电；并且
监控所述低压电池的荷电状态。
12.根据权利要求1所述的操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，进一步包括：
监控所述外部电源；并且
如果在执行所述热程序时来自所述外部电源的电力中断，则提供警告。
13.根据权利要求1所述的操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，进一步包括：
为选择性地与催化剂加热器电连接的可选择性放电的能量存储装置充电；
判断是否将在预定量时间内发出指令启动所述充电式混合动力电动车的内燃机；并且
如果将在所述预定量时间内发出指令启动所述内燃机，则通过使所述可选择性放电的能量存储装置放电向所述催化剂加热器供给能量，以加热催化剂。
14.根据权利要求1所述的操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，进一步包括：
以已加热的发动机冷却液与已加热的发动机润滑油之一填充选可择性排放的隔热容器；
其中，所述可选择性排放的隔热容器与所述充电式混合动力电动车的内燃机选择性地流体连通；
判断是否将在预定量时间内发出指令启动所述内燃机；并且
如果将在所述预定量时间内发出指令启动所述内燃机，通过排放在所述可选择性排放的隔热容器中排放所述已加热的发动机冷却液与所述已加热的发动机润滑油中所述之一而加热所述内燃机，以加温所述内燃机。
15.一种操作具有纯电动运行模式与混合动力运行模式的充电式混合动力电动车的方法，纯电动模式中至少一个电机与电池合作为所述充电式混合动力电动车提供驱动力，混合动力模式中内燃机用于为电池充电和/或为所述充电式混合动力电动车提供驱动力，所述方法包括：
以纯电动运行模式操作所述充电式混合动力电动车；
监控电池，以确定荷电状态；
判断是否将在预定量时间内发出指令启动所述内燃机；并且
如果将在所述预定量时间内发出指令启动所述内燃机，则完成以下至少之一：通过传递包含在可选择性排放的隔热容器中已加热的发动机冷却液而加热所述内燃机；和通过使可选择性放电的能量存储装置放电，向催化剂加热器供给能量，以加热相对于内燃机放置的催化剂。
16.根据权利要求15所述的操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，进一步包括：
启动所述内燃机；并且
使用由所述内燃机产生的动力为所述电池充电。
17.一种操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，包括：
判断所述充电式混合动力电动车的操纵电缆是否插入到外部电源中；
如果所述充电式混合动力电动车的所述操纵电缆插入到所述外部电源中，则向混合动力车辆控制器，发动机控制器，以及高压电池控制器中的至少一个供给能量；
如果所述充电式混合动力电动车的所述操纵电缆插入到所述外部电源中，则禁止所述充电式混合动力电动车的操作，并且执行热程序；
其中所述热程序包括，为高压电池充电，并且监控所述高压电池的荷电状态；
判断所述充电式混合动力电动车的所述操纵电缆是否仍保持插入在所述外部电源中；并且
如果所述充电式混合动力电动车的所述操纵电缆从所述外部电源拔出，则允许进行所述充电式混合动力电动车的操作。
18.根据权利要求17所述的操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，进一步包括：
为选择性地与催化剂加热器电连接的可选择性放电的能量存储装置充电；
判断是否将在预定量时间内发出指令启动所述充电式混合动力电动车的内燃机；并且
如果将在所述预定量时间内发出指令启动所述内燃机，则通过使所述可选择性放电的能量存储装置放电向所述催化剂加热器供给能量，以加热催化剂。
19.根据权利要求17所述的操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，进一步包括：
以已加热的发动机冷却液填充可选择性排放的隔热容器；
其中所述可选择性排放的隔热容器与所述充电式混合动力电动车的内燃机选择性地流体连通；
判断是否将在预定量时间内发出指令启动所述内燃机；并且
如果将在所述预定量时间内发出指令启动所述内燃机，通过排放所述可选择性排放的隔热容器中的所述已加热的发动机冷却液而加热所述内燃机，以加温所述内燃机。
20.根据权利要求17所述的操作充电式混合动力电动车的方法，其特征在于，所述热程序包括：
操作发动机润滑油加热器，发动机冷却液加热器，冷却液循环泵，加热、通风、以及空气调节系统，电热塞，高压电池加热器，氧传感器加热器，催化剂加热器，以及辅助电力模块中的至少一个；
监控所述发动机润滑油加热器，发动机冷却液加热器，冷却液循环泵，加热、通风、以及空气调节系统，电热塞，高压电池加热器，氧传感器加热器，催化剂加热器，以及辅助电力模块中的所述至少一个的温度与电流中的至少一个；并且
在电流限制，温度限制，以及操作的先后顺序中的至少一个中控制所述发动机润滑油加热器，发动机冷却液加热器，冷却液循环泵，加热、通风、以及空气调节系统，电热塞，高压电池加热器，氧传感器加热器，催化剂加热器，以及辅助电力模块中的所述至少一个。
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