CN112644342B - 基于太阳能天窗的动力电池加热系统和方法 - Google Patents

基于太阳能天窗的动力电池加热系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN112644342B
CN112644342B CN201910961998.4A CN201910961998A CN112644342B CN 112644342 B CN112644342 B CN 112644342B CN 201910961998 A CN201910961998 A CN 201910961998A CN 112644342 B CN112644342 B CN 112644342B
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power
heating
power battery
sunroof
battery
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CN112644342A (zh
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梁海波
王玺
汪琛琛
邵长征
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Volvo Car Corp
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    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

一种用在电动车辆中的动力电池加热系统，包括：加热模块，其用于加热电动车辆的动力电池；太阳能天窗；以及天窗控制单元，其能够控制加热模块的运转和太阳能天窗的电能输出；其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成在动力电池处于非高压电输出状态、且动力电池温度低于一温度阈值时，启动基于太阳能天窗的动力电池加热操作，所述动力电池加热操作包括：控制太阳能天窗向加热模块输出电能，使得加热模块利用来自太阳能天窗的电能执行动力电池的加热。

Description

基于太阳能天窗的动力电池加热系统和方法
技术领域
本申请涉及一种用在电动车辆中的基于太阳能天窗的动力电池加热系统和方法。
背景技术
目前已有各种电动车辆，例如纯电动车辆、混合动力车辆等等。相对传统燃油车辆而言，电动车辆对环境影响较小，因而应用前景被广泛看好。
现有电动车辆的动力电池对工作温度的要求比较苛刻。在动力电池温度过高或过低的情况下，动力电池出于保护自己的目的禁止向外输出电能。当用户将电动车辆在寒冷环境中停放长时间后，势必会导致动力电池内部温度的降低，极有可能导致动力电池内部温度低于准许车辆启动的最低值，这种情况下车辆将不能启动。
另一方面，目前有些车辆配备了太阳能天窗，即在车辆天窗的玻璃下方设置有太阳能电池。目前的太阳能天窗收集的太阳能转化的电能主要用来驱动车内的通风系统持续运行，维持车内舒适的温度环境，同时还可避免车内的零部件高温下散发出有害气体，并延长内饰件和汽车电子的使用寿命。此外，太阳能天窗产生的电能还可用于给车辆的辅助电池充电。
发明内容
本申请的一个目的是提供一种动力电池加热系统，其能够借助太阳能天窗产生的电能有效地加热动力电池。
为此，本申请在其一个方面提供了一种用在电动车辆中的动力电池加热系统，包括：
加热模块，其用于加热电动车辆的动力电池；
太阳能天窗；以及
天窗控制单元，其能够控制加热模块的运转和太阳能天窗的电能输出；
其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成在动力电池处于非高压电输出状态、且动力电池温度低于一温度阈值时，启动基于太阳能天窗的动力电池加热操作，所述动力电池加热操作包括：控制太阳能天窗向加热模块输出电能，使得加热模块利用来自太阳能天窗的电能执行动力电池的加热。
可选地，所述天窗控制单元配置成在动力电池加热操作中接收有关动力电池温度的信息，并且接收到的动力电池温度高于一设定温度值时结束动力电池加热操作。
可选地，所述动力电池温度为动力电池的电芯温度。
可选地，所述天窗控制单元配置成在接收到的电芯温度高于所述设定温度值时，将太阳能天窗置于适于为电动车辆的辅助电池充电的状态。
可选地，所述天窗控制单元配置成接收有关辅助电池的电压或电量的信息，并且在检测到的辅助电池的电压或电量低于相应的阈值时，允许利用太阳能天窗的电能为辅助电池充电。
可选地，所述天窗控制单元配置成接收辅助电池是否存在故障的信息，并且在辅助电池存在故障时，禁止用太阳能天窗的电能为辅助电池充电。
可选地，所述天窗控制单元配置成在动力电池处于高压电输出状态时将太阳能天窗置于一组可选状态之一，所述一组可选状态至少包括：适于为电动车辆的辅助电池充电的状态；和不输出电能的闲置状态。
可选地，所述加热模块包含远红外加热模块。
可选地，所述远红外加热模块包括施加于动力电池壳体的远红外电子浆料或远红外加热毯形式的加热片材。
可选地，所述加热片材施加在动力电池壳体的不同部位，且分别面向动力电池的相应电池单元。
可选地，所述天窗控制单元配置成接收动力电池和/或加热模块中是否存在故障的信息，并且在动力电池和/或加热模块中存在故障时，禁用基于太阳能天窗的动力电池加热操作。
可选地，所述天窗控制单元配置成以预定的时间间隔检测太阳能天窗的输出功率，并且在太阳能天窗的输出功率不低于最小使能值时允许启动动力电池的加热操作。
本申请在其另一个方面提供了一种用在电动车辆中的动力电池加热方法，可选地利用前面描述的动力电池加热系统执行，所述方法包括：
检测车辆动力电池的工作状态、动力电池的温度；
在动力电池处于非高压电输出状态、且动力电池温度低于一温度阈值时，控制太阳能天窗向动力电池的加热模块输出电能，使得加热模块利用来自太阳能天窗的电能执行动力电池的加热。
在所述动力电池加热方法中，可选地，在动力电池处于高压电输出状态时，将太阳能天窗置于一组可选状态之一，所述一组可选状态至少包括：适于为电动车辆的辅助电池充电的状态；以及不输出电能的闲置状态。
本申请的动力电池加热系统中的相关特征，同样适用于本申请的动力电池加热方法。
根据本申请，太阳能天窗吸收太阳能产生的电能不仅可以给车载辅助电池充电，更重要的是可以给处在低温状态的动力电池升温。所需能量来自太阳能，不消耗车辆本身能源。
附图说明
图1是根据本申请的一种实施方式的基于太阳能天窗的动力电池加热系统的示意性框图。
图2是根据本申请的一种实施方式的基于太阳能天窗的动力电池加热方法的示意性流程图。
具体实施方式
电动车辆中包括高压动力电池(输出电压通常在200V以上，有的甚至超过1000V)和低压辅助电池(输出电压为12V、24V等)。动力电池用于为车辆的驱动电机供电，驱动电机自身或与发动机组合作为车辆动力源。低压辅助电池用于为车辆的其它用电设备(电控系统、照明系统、信号系统、仪表系统、电气设备等等)供电。
本申请提出，在电动车辆中，将太阳能天窗产生的电能用于加热处在低温状态的动力电池。为此，根据本申请的一种可行实施方式的基于太阳能天窗的动力电池加热系统在图1中示意性展示，该动力电池加热系统主要包括太阳能天窗1，其能够将太阳能转化成电能，该电能可被用于加热电动车辆中的动力电池3，以及天窗控制单元2，其与太阳能天窗1和动力电池3电连接，能够接收有关太阳能天窗1和动力电池3的状态的信息，并且能够控制太阳能天窗1产生的电能的使用(包括对处在低温状态的动力电池3的加热)。
天窗控制单元2还与电动车辆的辅助电池4电连接，能够接收有关辅助电池4的状态的信息，并且能够控制太阳能天窗1产生的电能用于辅助电池4的充电。在必要情况下，辅助电池4也可被用于动力电池3的加热。
动力电池加热系统还包括加热模块5，用于被来自太阳能天窗1和/或辅助电池4的电能驱动。天窗控制单元2与加热模块5电连接，从而能够控制加热模块5的运转。
加热模块5可以包括各种适宜的电加热元件，例如电热丝、流体加热介质等等。根据本申请的一种优选实施方式，加热模块5为远红外加热模块，其包括诸如远红外电子浆料的涂层、远红外加热毯等片材形式的远红外加热元件。远红外加热元件可布置在动力电池3的壳体内，沿着壳体的内壁面布置。远红外加热元件可包括分布在不同部位的多个片材，它们在不同的位置面对着动力电池3的相应电池单元。
远红外加热模块在工作时发射出远红外线，远红外线照射到动力电池3的电池单元上而直接使得电池单元上发热，不必像传热型加热模块那样需要经过从加热模块到动力电池的热传导。因此，远红外加热模块加热速度快。此外，远红外加热模块加热均匀，不会产生局部过热。此外，远红外加热模块具有限温功能，不会导致整体温度过高。
本申请的动力电池加热系统适于对处在低温状态的动力电池3进行加热，使动力电池3的温度保持在适于工作的舒适温度。
在初始状态，天窗控制单元2配置成每隔一段时间检测太阳能天窗1的输出功率。如果太阳能天窗1的输出功率低于最小使能值，则天窗控制单元2不控制太阳能天窗1输出电能。如果太阳能天窗1的输出功率等于或高于最小使能值，则天窗控制单元2进一步检测动力电池3是否处在高压电输出状态，例如通过车辆点火开关的状态判断。
如果动力电池3处于高压电输出状态，则天窗控制单元2检测辅助电池4的电压状态(辅助电池4的电压状态反映其电量)。如果辅助电池4的电压小于阈值，则天窗控制单元2控制太阳能天窗1为辅助电池4充电；如果辅助电池4的电压不小于阈值，则回到初始状态。在动力电池3处于高压电输出状态时，也可以将太阳能天窗1的电能用于其他目的，例如，各种零部件(包括辅助电池4)或空间的温度控制(加热或冷却)。或者，在动力电池3处于高压电输出状态时，也可以将太阳能天窗1置于不输出电能的闲置状态。
另一方面，如果动力电池3处于非高压电输出状态(例如熄火驻车状态，混动车辆的纯发动机驱动状态，等等)，则天窗控制单元2检测动力电池3的温度Tc，尤其是电芯温度。如果动力电池3的温度Tc高于第一阈值T1(动力电池3正常工作的最低温度设定值，尤其是动力电池3正常工作的电芯最低温度设定值)，则重新判断是否用太阳能天窗1产生的电能为辅助电池4充电。如果动力电池3的温度Tc不高于第一阈值T1，则天窗控制单元2进一步判断动力电池3的温度Tc是否低于第二阈值T2(动力电池3需要被加热的最低温度设定值，尤其是动力电池3需要被加热的电芯最低温度设定值，T2比T1低一定的温度值)。如果动力电池3的温度Tc不低于第二阈值T2，则继续监控动力电池3的温度Tc。如果动力电池3的温度Tc低于第二阈值T2，则天窗控制单元2控制加热模块5启动、并且利用太阳能天窗1的电能为加热模块5供电，从而加热模块5利用太阳能天窗1产生的电能加热动力电池3。在利用太阳能天窗1产生的电能加热动力电池3期间，天窗控制单元2监控动力电池3的温度Tc，并在动力电池3的温度Tc高于第一阈值T1时，停止加热模块5的运转，回到初始状态。
可以看出，根据本申请，在车辆动力电池3处于非高压电输出状态、且动力电池3温度过低时，利用太阳能天窗1产生的电能加热动力电池3，不需要消耗辅助电池4的电能；在其它状况下，太阳能天窗1产生的电能可被用于为辅助电池4充电(或是驱动车内通风/空调系统等)。
天窗控制单元2还可以接收相关的信息，用于实施控制的辅助判断，例如，系统状态信息、车外环境温度信息等等。系统状态信息包括动力电池3、辅助电池4及执行机构如加热模块5的状态等信息，如果动力电池3有故障如绝缘故障、加热模块5有故障、或辅助电池4有故障而不允许充电，则即使其它条件满足，也不启动太阳能天窗1的充电或加热功能。车外环境温度信息可以作为参考量加入逻辑控制中。
天窗控制单元2可以构造成单独的控制元件，也可以集成在整车ECU中，构成整车ECU中的一个模块。
基于本申请的原理，本领域技术人员可以对上面描述的动力电池加热系统做出各种修改。
本申请还涉及电动车辆中基于太阳能天窗的动力电池加热方法，其一种可行流程在图2中示意性展示。下面描述该流程。
首先，在步骤S1，流程开始。
接下来在步骤S2，判断太阳能天窗的输出功率是否等于或高于最小使能值。如果判断结果为“否”，则返回步骤S1；如果判断结果为“是”，则来到步骤S3。
在步骤S3，检查动力电池工作状态。
接下来在步骤S4，判断动力电池是否处于高压电输出状态。如果判断结果为“是”，则来到步骤S5；如果判断结果为“否”，则来到步骤S6。
在步骤S5，判断车辆辅助电池的电压是否低于阈值V1。如果判断结果为“否”，则返回步骤S1；如果判断结果为“是”，则来到步骤S7。在步骤S7，利用太阳能天窗产生的电能为辅助电池充电。根据可选方案，在动力电池处于高压电输出状态时，也可以将步骤S5和S7被替换为一个使得太阳能天窗处在不输出电能的闲置状态的步骤。
在步骤S6，检测动力电池的温度Tc，例如动力电池的电芯温度。接下来在步骤S8判断动力电池的温度Tc是否高于第一阈值T1。如果判断结果为“是”，则来到步骤S5；如果判断结果为“否”，则来到步骤S9。
在步骤S9，判断动力电池的温度Tc是否低于第二阈值T2(T2<T1)。如果判断结果为“否”，则返回步骤S6；如果判断结果为“是”，则来到步骤S10。
在步骤S10，启动加热模块，利用太阳能天窗产生的电能执行动力电池的加热。
接下来在步骤S11，判断动力电池的温度Tc是否高于第一阈值T1。如果判断结果为“否”，则返回步骤S10；如果判断结果为“是”，则来到步骤S12。
在步骤S12，结束动力电池的加热，例如停止加热模块。
基于本申请的原理，本领域技术人员可以对上面描述的动力电池加热方法、尤其是各个步骤的细节做出各种修改。例如，有关系统状态信息等的控制策略可以在所述方法中执行。
可以看到，根据本申请，太阳能天窗吸收太阳能产生的电能不仅可以给车载辅助电池充电，也可以给处在低温状态的动力电池升温，使得动力电池的温度维持在适于工作、至少是适于输出动力的最低温度以上，从而确保电动车辆正常启动，以及确保动力电池温度处于舒适区间，有利于动力电池寿命。此外，根据本申请，动力电池加热所需能量来自太阳能，不消耗车辆本身能源，提高了电动车辆的电能使用效率。
此外，可选择性的，在采用远红外加热模块对动力电池加热的情况下，远红外射线能够射入动力电池内部而直接使动力电池升温，因此动力电池加热迅速。此外，利用远红外射线加热，加热部位均匀，且能防止局部过热，从而可以避免伤害动力电池。此外，远红外加热模块容易沿着动力电池的壳体布置。
虽然这里参考具体的实施方式描述了本申请，但是本申请的范围并不局限于所示的细节。在不偏离本申请的基本原理的情况下，可针对这些细节做出各种修改。

Claims (14)

1.一种用在电动车辆中的动力电池加热系统，包括：
加热模块，其用于加热电动车辆的动力电池，所述加热模块包括电加热元件；
太阳能天窗；以及
天窗控制单元，其能够控制加热模块的运转和太阳能天窗的电能输出；
其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成在动力电池处于非高压电输出状态、且动力电池温度低于一温度阈值时，启动基于太阳能天窗的动力电池加热操作，所述动力电池加热操作包括：控制太阳能天窗向加热模块输出电能，使得加热模块利用来自太阳能天窗的电能执行动力电池的加热、而不消耗电动车辆的辅助电池的电能；
其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成以预定的时间间隔检测太阳能天窗的输出功率，并且在所述太阳能天窗的输出功率低于最小使能值时控制所述太阳能天窗不输出电能。
2.如权利要求1所述的动力电池加热系统，其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成在动力电池加热操作中接收有关动力电池温度的信息，并且接收到的动力电池温度高于一设定温度值时结束动力电池加热操作。
3.如权利要求2所述的动力电池加热系统，其中，所述动力电池温度为动力电池的电芯温度。
4.如权利要求3所述的动力电池加热系统，其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成在接收到的电芯温度高于所述设定温度值时，将太阳能天窗置于适于为所述辅助电池充电的状态。
5.如权利要求4所述的动力电池加热系统，其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成接收有关辅助电池的电压或电量的信息，并且在检测到的辅助电池的电压或电量低于相应的阈值时，允许利用太阳能天窗的电能为辅助电池充电。
6.如权利要求4所述的动力电池加热系统，其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成接收辅助电池是否存在故障的信息，并且在辅助电池存在故障时，禁止用太阳能天窗的电能为辅助电池充电。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的动力电池加热系统，其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成在动力电池处于高压电输出状态时将太阳能天窗置于一组可选状态之一，所述一组可选状态至少包括：
适于为电动车辆的辅助电池充电的状态；和
不输出电能的闲置状态。
8.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的动力电池加热系统，其中，所述加热模块包含远红外加热模块。
9.如权利要求8所述的动力电池加热系统，其中，所述远红外加热模块包括施加于动力电池壳体的远红外电子浆料或远红外加热毯形式的加热片材。
10.如权利要求9所述的动力电池加热系统，其中，所述加热片材施加在动力电池壳体的不同部位，且分别面向动力电池的相应电池单元。
11.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的动力电池加热系统，其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成接收动力电池和/或加热模块中是否存在故障的信息，并且在动力电池和/或加热模块中存在故障时，禁用基于太阳能天窗的动力电池加热操作。
12.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的动力电池加热系统，其中，所述天窗控制单元配置成仅在太阳能天窗的输出功率不低于最小使能值时允许启动动力电池的加热操作。
13.一种用在电动车辆中的动力电池加热方法，利用权利要求1至12中任一项所述的动力电池加热系统执行，所述方法包括：
检测车辆动力电池的工作状态、动力电池的温度；
在动力电池处于非高压电输出状态、且动力电池温度低于一温度阈值时，控制太阳能天窗向动力电池的加热模块输出电能，使得加热模块利用来自太阳能天窗的电能执行动力电池的加热、而不消耗电动车辆的辅助电池的电能。
14.如权利要求13所述的动力电池加热方法，还包括：在动力电池处于高压电输出状态时，将太阳能天窗置于一组可选状态之一，所述一组可选状态至少包括：
适于为所述辅助电池充电的状态；以及
不输出电能的闲置状态。
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