CN101292633A - Seedling production method for hybridization fish-Ji'ao tilapia - Google Patents
Seedling production method for hybridization fish-Ji'ao tilapia Download PDFInfo
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- CN101292633A CN101292633A CNA200710040190XA CN200710040190A CN101292633A CN 101292633 A CN101292633 A CN 101292633A CN A200710040190X A CNA200710040190X A CN A200710040190XA CN 200710040190 A CN200710040190 A CN 200710040190A CN 101292633 A CN101292633 A CN 101292633A
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Abstract
The invention provides a breeding method of Geo tilapia, which comprises the following steps: (a) a New GIFT tilapia is adopted as female parent, and an Israel Oreochromis aureus tilapia is used as male parent; (b) the female and male parent fishes are mated to get hybridization descendant, namely the fry of the Geo tilapia. The breeding method of the invention, by adopting ecology breeding method, has the advantages of stable male rate, high breeding rate, rapid growth and strong resistibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the producing method for seed of fish, relate to the producing method for seed of a kind of hybridization fish-Ji Ao Tilapia mossambica particularly.
Background technology
Tilapia mossambica class (Tilapias) belongs to Perciformes Callichthyidae (Cichlidae), it is the tropical fish that originates in Africa and Middle East, have that adaptability is strong, fertility is high, feeding habits are wide, premunition reaches characteristics such as meat flavour deliciousness by force, culture the area and spread all over 75 countries and regions, can be rated as worldwide breed object.The Tilapia mossambica of China mainland is cultured to start from and introduces the Mozambique Tilapia mossambica sixties in 20th century.After 20th century, introduced bolti and Oreochromis aureus the eighties, China's Tilapia mossambica aquaculture has had significant development, through the develop rapidly since the nineties in 20th century, output reached 97.8 ten thousand tons in 2005, reached 1,060,000 tons in 2006, expectation in 2010 can reach 1,500,000 tons, becomes the 6th main cultured freshwater fish after the China's Mainland tradition is cultured kind silver carp, flathead, grass carp, carp, crucian carp.
In breeding process, one of major issue of puzzlement Tilapia mossambica aquaculture development is Tilapia mossambica early sexual maturity, excessive multiplication.How to suppress its breeding is paid close attention to by people always.The eighties in 20th century, China begins to develop complete male breed of Tilapia mossambica.The complete male breed of Tilapia mossambica is raised together with traditional male and female and is compared, and one can avoid breeding problems such as the cultured population size that excessively causes is out of control, value of the product is low; Two can bring into play the male growth vigor faster than female growth, improve output.
At present, the method for production Kaohsiung ratio Tilapia mossambica mainly contains three kinds of hormone degeneration methods, interspecific cross method, YY supermale method.
But the weak point of the method for above-mentioned production Kaohsiung ratio Tilapia mossambica is:
(1) the hormone degeneration methods is subjected to the restriction of many countries owing to relate to food and Environmental security problem;
(2) YY supermale method can't form batch process because the production technology of YY supermale parent population is difficult to promote;
(3) interspecific cross method is appeared in the newspapers in " Aquaculture " 6:11～21 in 1975 the earliest, utilizes XX type raun and the interspecific cross of ZZ type milter can produce complete male offspring.China is main bolti (♀) and the Oreochromis aureus of adopting since generation nineteen ninety
High male ratio Tilapia mossambica is produced in hybridization, is commonly called as " Buddhist nun fish difficult to understand ".Yet above-mentioned in actual production, emergence rate is more and more lower, and (the bolti raun of a tail 750g once can produce seedling 1500-2000 tail, and be used to produce hybridization fish, only can produce seedling 100-200 tail), and growth rate is also more and more lower, often can not bring the economic benefit of expectation to the raiser.We think that parent's germplasm is degenerated and be impure is main cause.
In sum, this area lacks the producing method for seed of the Tilapia mossambica that a kind of male ratio is stable, emergence rate is high.Therefore, the applicant is devoted to always to invent that a kind of male ratio is stable, emergence rate is high, growth is rapid, the producing method for seed of the Tilapia mossambica crossbreed of strong stress resistance.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to obtain that a kind of male ratio is stable, emergence rate is high, growth is rapid, the producing method for seed of the Tilapia mossambica crossbreed of strong stress resistance.
In a first aspect of the present invention, the producing method for seed of a kind of Ji Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand is provided, it comprises the steps:
(a) parent population to select JeFu luoluo fish for use be maternal, Israel's Oreochromis aureus is a male parent;
(b) female parent and the male parent parent population with step (a) carries out the combo breeding, obtains hybrid generation, i.e. the fry of lucky Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the JeFu luoluo fish selected for use of the female parent of described step (a) satisfies following one or more conditions:
(A) there is the striped 7-9 bar vertical, parallel with axon the health both sides; And/or
(B) spot strain line vertical on the tail fin, that be arranged in parallel is not less than 13; And/or
(C) the long ratio with height of body is not less than 2.18; And/or
(D) dorsal fin D:XV～X VII12～14; And/or
(E) anal fin A:III8～10; And/or
(F) go up number of lateral: 13～26; And/or
(G) number of lateral: 13～20; And/or
(H) mandibular arch outside gill raker number: 27～31.
(I) described JeFu luoluo fish population genetic polymorphism is 10.5 ± 0.5%, and is preferred 10.5%, and average heterozygosity is for being not more than 0.027; Average genetic resemblance degree between individuality is not less than 92.7%.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Israel's Oreochromis aureus of selecting for use of the male parent of described step (a) satisfies following one or more conditions:
(i) the long ratio with height of body is not less than 2.50, and/or
(ii) dorsal fin D:XV～X VII11～13; And/or
(iii) anal fin A:III9～11; And/or
(iv) go up number of lateral: 18～29; And/or
(v) descend number of lateral: 11～18.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the male parent of described step (a) and maternal satisfied following one or more conditions:
(a1) described male parent and maternal 2～4 ages, body weight is not less than 500g; And/or
(a2) described male parent and female parent are sexually matured adult fish; And/or
(a3) described male parent and maternal neat specification.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the breeding of described step (b) combo comprises spawning pond preparation, parent population combo and/or parent population raising step.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described spawning pond satisfies following one or more conditions:
(b1) water level is between 80～100cm; And/or
(b2) under parent population, cleaned up the pond with quicklime in 10～15 days before the pool; And/or
(b3) preceding 5～7 days basal dressings in the pool under.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the parent population combo step of the combo of step (b) breeding,
(c1) spring, water temperature rose to more than 22 ℃, and parent population is dropped into the breeding pond, and/or
(c2) injected volume of parent population is every m
21～3 tail, and/or
(c3) maternal number ratio with male parent is (2～1): 1.
Preferably, cultivate in male parent and the maternal pond of dividing before the combo, and/or the combo breeding in time catches out parent population after laying eggs, and cultivate in male parent and the maternal pond of dividing.
Preferably, maternal number ratio with male parent is 2: 1.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the breeding of the combo of step (b) the parent population raising is comprised:
(e1) dispensing is topdressed; And/or
(e2) the throw something and feed special-purpose artifical compound feed of Tilapia mossambica, the green fodder that helps gonad development or combination.
Preferably, described cow dung, pig manure, chicken manure or its combination of topdressing and being selected from fermentation.
Preferably, the described green fodder that helps gonad development is selected from duckweed, denticulate ixeris herb or its combination.
Preferably, the feedstuff feeding amount is 3%～5% of a fish body gross weight.
Preferably, arrived breeding later stage feedstuff feeding amount and exceeded, more preferably eaten up in 1 hour and exceed to eat up in 3 hours.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, also comprise step (c): the Tilapia mossambica fry lucky difficult to understand to step (b) gathers and cultivates, and obtains the fingerling of lucky Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand.
Preferably, the collection of step (c) and cultivate began to see seedling in 15 days ± 5 days behind the pool under the parent population combo.One finds to emerge, and promptly begins to drag for seedling, changes nursery pond over to and cultivates.
Preferably, every mu of breeding density of fry is grasped at 100,000 ± 20,000 tails in the nursery pond.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprise the steps:
(f1) preceding 10～15 days of the pool under the fry is leveled the pond; And/or
(f2) put seedling preceding 7～10 days, with the sterilization of cleaning up the pond of 75kg/ mu quicklime or 8～10kg/ mu bleaching powder; And/or
(f3) put seedling the last week, the pond new water that begins to annotate, to the depth of water 80 ± 20cm, cow dung, pig manure or the chicken manure 300～400kg/ mu used are by fermentation cultivated water quality as base manure.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the cultivation of step (c), the fry rearing commitment young eel powder of throwing something and feeding.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the photo of phenotypic characteristic that shows the JeFu luoluo fish of an embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
It is maternal that the present invention selects JeFu luoluo fish, Israel's Oreochromis aureus is a male parent, strictness by the parent is selected, and means such as the environment conditioning produced of seed, biological breeding, development emergence rate height, male ratio are stable, growth rapidly, the novel crossbreed of the Tilapia mossambica-Ji Ao Tilapia mossambica of strong stress resistance.
As used herein, described " sexual maturity " except as otherwise noted, is meant: in mating season, milter has tangible nuptial coloration, and body colour is bright-coloured, and tail fin reddens, and belly is pink, and whole body is reddish brown, and gently presses belly often can extrude a small amount of white seminal fluid; Ripe raun genital papilla is big and give prominence to, and the obvious or hole of oviporous orifice cracking is enclosed and presented blush.
As used herein, described " dorsal fin D:XV～X VII12～14 " except as otherwise noted, is meant the hard sour jujube number and the soft fin ray number of dorsal fin.
As used herein, described " anal fin A:III8～10 " except as otherwise noted, are meant hard sour jujube number of anal fin and soft fin ray number.
As used herein, described " gill raker " is meant the gill filament number in the outside in the mandibular arch except as otherwise noted.
As used herein, described male parent and maternal " neat specification " or " specification is neat substantially " are meant that the male parent and the body weight of female parent are more or less the same in 10-20%.Because the long speed of the non-sashimi (raw fish) of Leah difficult to understand is slower., comparable JeFu luoluo fish of age is big 1 year.
As used herein, except as otherwise noted, described " parent " and " parent population " can be intercoursed use.Described " parent " or " parent population " are meant " male parent " and " female parent " summation.
As used herein, except as otherwise noted, " raun " of the present invention is " female parent ", and " milter " of the present invention is " male parent ".
Below each technical characterictic of the present invention is described in detail:
Parent (parent population) selects
JeFu luoluo fish
JeFu luoluo fish of the present invention comprises that all belong to the fish of this kind.
Preferably, described JeFu luoluo fish be Shanghai Aquatic Products Univ. 9CN) with the lucky rich strain bolti of introducing from Philippine in 1994 is basic population and the new varieties of seed selection.Its growth rate has improved more than 30% than basic population, and genetic purity is up to 92%, and have height meat thick, be suitable for good economic characters such as fillet export processing.The authorization of the former breeding of national aquatic products validation board provides the germplasm basis for new varieties for developing novel hybridization fish.
Preferably, JeFu luoluo fish of the present invention has following inheritance feature: the genetic polymorphism of JeFu luoluo fish colony is 10.5%, and average heterozygosity for example is 0.027 for not being higher than 0.027; Average genetic resemblance degree (being purity) between individuality for example is 92.7% for being not less than 92.7%.
Preferably, JeFu luoluo fish of the present invention has following phenotypic characteristic: (A) there is the point-like band 7-9 bar vertical, parallel with axon the health both sides; And/or (B) the spot striped vertical, that be arranged in parallel that is on the tail fin is not less than 13; And/or (C) the long ratio with height of body is not less than 2.18, for example is 2.18; And/or (D) dorsal fin D:XV～X VII12～14; And/or (E) anal fin A:III8～10; And/or number of lateral (F): 13～26; And/or (G) number of lateral: 13～20; And/or (H) mandibular arch outside gill raker number: 27～31.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, there is the point-like striped 7-9 bar vertical, parallel with axon adult fish health both sides.Chequered with black and white spot is all arranged on dorsal fin, anal fin and the tail fin, at the back of the body, be arranged askew on the anal fin, the spot on the tail fin be linear vertical, be arranged in parallel, adult fish is more than 13.Tail fin of sexual maturity milter and dorsal fin edge take on a red color.Dorsal fin edge black.Juvenile fish stage dorsal fin has a spot greatly and significantly, fades away later on.Build higher (body length/height is 2.18).Dorsal fin D:XV～XVII12～14; Anal fin A:III8～10; Last number of lateral: 13～26; Following number of lateral: 13～20.The outer sorrowful gill raker number of mandibular arch: 27～31.
Oreochromis aureus
Oreochromis aureus of the present invention comprises that all belong to the fish of this kind.
Preferably, Oreochromis aureus of the present invention has following phenotypic characteristic: (i) the long ratio with height of body is not less than 2.50, for example is 2.50, and/or (ii) dorsal fin D:XV～X VII11～13; And/or (iii) anal fin A:III9～11; And/or (iv) go up number of lateral: 18～29; And/or (v) descend number of lateral: 11～18.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Oreochromis aureus adult fish health both sides point-like band is irregular, and tail fin has faint yellow spot throughout one's life, but does not form tangible vertical stripes.There is dark-coloured patch at gill cover rear portion.Tail fin of sexual maturity milter and dorsal fin edge take on a red color.Build is grown (body length/height is 2.50).Dorsal fin D:XV～X VII11～13; Anal fin A:III9～11; Last number of lateral: 18～29; Following number of lateral: 11～18.
Parent population of the present invention has following germplasm: selected parent fish population history is clear, and purity is higher, and varietal characteristic is obvious.The unconspicuous individuality of varietal characteristic is eliminated without exception.Male and female parents' germplasm is the key that is related to the quality of the lucky fish difficult to understand of filial generation.
Preferably, parent population physique stalwartness of the present invention, normal, the thick back of the body height of body of color and luster.
Preferably, the age of parent population of the present invention is to be 2～4 ages good, and body weight is more than 500g.The prime fish fish brood amount is little, archiblast is poor, and emergence rate is low; Advanced age, the offspring of fish was second-rate.
Preferably, male parent of parent population of the present invention and maternal specification are neat substantially, and individual great disparity can influence mating and emergence rate.
Preferably, parent population of the present invention is the sexual maturity parent population.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the sexual maturity parent population has following reproduction feature and secondary sex character: there are two openings at milter belly rear, and preceding is anus, and the back is a cloacal aperture; Raun is being close to 3 openings at the belly rear, be followed successively by anus, gonopore and uropoiesis hole.In mating season, milter has tangible nuptial coloration, and body colour is bright-coloured, and tail fin reddens, and belly is pink, and whole body is reddish brown, and gently presses belly often can extrude a small amount of white seminal fluid; Ripe raun genital papilla is big and give prominence to, and the obvious or hole of oviporous orifice cracking is enclosed and presented blush.Gonopore depauperation, male and female are distinguished unassured parent should not be adopted.
The combo breeding
Combo propagation steps of the present invention can be carried out in various breedings place in this area, only otherwise goal of the invention of the present invention is produced restriction to get final product.Described breeding place comprises spawning pond (or being called the breeding pond), nursery pond and the cultivation pond of parent before and after combo.For example, can adopt cement pit or Tu Chi.
In the combo propagation steps of the present invention, generally include steps such as spawning pond preparation, parent population combo, parent population feeding and management.
Spawning pond of the present invention can be selected various places commonly used, this area, for example cement pit or Tu Chi for use.
The area of spawning pond of the present invention is not particularly limited, and only otherwise goal of the invention of the present invention is produced restriction get final product, the area in pond should not be excessive usually.Preferably the cement pit area is 100m
2About (80～120m for example
2), 1.0～3.0 mu of native pool areas.
The shape of spawning pond of the present invention can be this area different shape commonly used.Be preferably rectangle, east-west.Preferably have an even surface at the bottom of the pond of spawning pond, mud is less.
Spawning pond of the present invention preferably has independently, drainage system, and behaviour's water-based can be good.
Water temperature is not particularly limited in the spawning pond, only otherwise goal of the invention of the present invention is produced restriction to get final product.Also available thermal water or waste heat of plant water carry out outbreeding ahead of time.
More preferably, spawning pond of the present invention satisfies following one or more conditions: (b1) water level is between 80～100cm; And/or (b2) under parent population, cleaned up the pond with quicklime in 10～15 days before the pool; And/or preceding 5～7 days basal dressings in the pool (b3).
In above-mentioned steps (b2), the quicklime consumption is looked what and the increase and decrease as one sees fit of quicklime quality of mud in the pool, adopts quicklime 75kg/ mu to clean up the pond usually.In above-mentioned steps (b3), the preferred fermentation poultry dung of described base manure, pig manure, cow dung or its combination; The amount of application of described base manure makes water colour reach yellowish-brown, yellowish green for good usually.
When in the combo breeding, carrying out the parent population combo, preferably satisfy following condition (c1) water temperature in spring and rise to more than 22 ℃, parent population is dropped into the breeding pond, and/or (c2) injected volume of parent population is every m
21～3 tail, and/or (c3) maternal ratio with male parent is (2～1): 1.
In step (c1),, also can carry out outbreeding ahead of time if adopt thermal water or waste heat of plant water; This situation also within the scope of the invention.
More preferably, cultivate in male parent and the maternal pond of dividing before the combo, and/or the combo breeding in time catches out parent population after laying eggs, and cultivate in male parent and the maternal pond of dividing.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, every year, spring, water temperature rose to more than 22 ℃, and the parent is dropped into the breeding pond, and cement pit is grasped at every m
21～3 tail, the every m of Tu Chi
21 tail, female-male proportion are 2: 1.But milter can not to avoid and strive female, the phenomenon of having a fist fight more than raun, influences reproductive effect.Before the lower storage reservoir with 3% saline solution soaking disinfection.Simultaneously, female, milter was divided and was supported antenatal postpartum, and promptly female before the combo, milter should divide the pond to cultivate, and will in time parent population be caught out after laying eggs, and divides female, milter the pond to cultivate again.
Preferably, the parent population of combo breeding of the present invention is raised in the step, comprising: (e1) dispensing is topdressed; And/or (e2) the throw something and feed special-purpose artifical compound feed of Tilapia mossambica, the green fodder that helps gonad development or combination.
Described " topdressing " of the present invention is not particularly limited, only otherwise goal of the invention of the present invention is produced restriction to get final product.More preferably, described chicken manure, pig manure, cow dung or its combination of topdressing and being selected from fermentation.
Described Tilapia mossambica special compound feed of the present invention is not particularly limited, only otherwise goal of the invention of the present invention is produced restriction to get final product.
Described " green fodder that helps gonad development " of the present invention is not particularly limited, only otherwise goal of the invention of the present invention is produced restriction to get final product.Preferably, the described green fodder that helps gonad development is selected from duckweed, denticulate ixeris herb or its combination.
Feedstuff feeding amount of the present invention also is feasible according to this area component commonly used.Preferably, described feedstuff feeding carries out in batches.More preferably, at early breeding, the manufactured feed feeding volume is 3%～5% of a fish body gross weight; Having arrived breeding later stage manufactured feed feeding volume exceeds to eat up in 1 hour.
As used herein, described manufactured feed is meant the Tilapia mossambica special compound feed.
As used herein, described " early breeding ", " breeding later stage " be meant 1 day respectively～15 days, 15 days～30 days.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, parent population is raised and to comprise: the one, see that the dispensing of water quality situation topdresses; The 2nd, the Tilapia mossambica special compound feed of throwing something and feeding, suitably some help the green fodder of gonad development in conjunction with throwing something and feeding at ordinary times, as duckweed, denticulate ixeris herb etc.Throw something and feed twice every day, the feedstuff feeding amount is 3%～5% of a fish body gross weight, and in time adjusts according to water colour, weather condition, fish body active situation etc.Arrived the breeding later stage, because of raun lays eggs fertilized egg keeping in the mouth hatched, so can stop to ingest, finished and mouthful incubate the raun of task, and milter still must eat food, daily ration, feeding quantity does not at this moment just calculate with the gross weight of fish body, exceeds to eat up in 1 hour.
Seed rearing
The present invention can also comprise step (c): the Tilapia mossambica fry lucky difficult to understand to step (b) gathers and cultivates, and obtains the fingerling of lucky Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand.
Fry is gathered
Preferably, in the acquisition step of step (c), behind the pool under the parent population combo 15 days ± 5 days, begin to see seedling, one finds to emerge, and promptly begins to drag for seedling, changes nursery pond over to and cultivates.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, step comprises " to drag for seedling ": be that 4.0m * 1.5m * 2.0m rectangle (mesh 40) net sheet fish for fry 2 time with specification every day, time is 6:00～8:00 in the morning, afternoon 3:00～5:00, per 3 people are one group, fish for along phytal zone, limit, pond, collect fry 1 time every the 10m hauling, every 10 days with big close net (mesh is 40 orders, net long for the pond wide 1/3, net height 1.5m～2.0m) fish for fry back and forth along the pond 1 time.Gather fry support temporarily in net cage or washing basin earlier, focus on some and descend pool cultivation according to plan.Every mu of breeding density is grasped about 100,000 tails.
Preferably, " nursery pond " handled in advance, it comprised the steps: under (f1) fry the pool preceding 10～15 days, and the pond is leveled; And/or (f2) put seedling preceding 7～10 days, with the sterilization (also can adopt other this area sterilization method commonly used) of cleaning up the pond of 75kg/ mu quicklime or 8～10kg/ mu bleaching powder; And/or (f3) put seedling the last week, the pond new water that begins to annotate, to the depth of water 80 ± 20cm, cow dung, pig manure or the chicken manure 300～400kg/ mu used are by fermentation cultivated water quality as base manure.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, seedling culture in special seedling culture pond (also being " nursery pond ") carry out.The pool is preceding 20～30 days under the fry, and the pond is leveled, and weeds a garden, too much mud at the bottom of foreign material and the pond, repairs Chi Di.Put seedling preceding 7～10 days, with the sterilization of cleaning up the pond of 75kg/ mu quicklime or 8～10kg/ mu bleaching powder.The pond begins to annotate new water to depth of water 60cm after 3 days, and cow dung, pig manure or the chicken manure 300～400kg/ mu used are by fermentation cultivated water quality as base manure.
Fry rearing
Preferably, every mu of breeding density of fry is grasped at 100,000 ± 20,000 tails in the nursery pond.
Preferably, fry rearing commitment (for example, from dragging for seedling) the young eel powder of throwing something and feeding to the 3cm stage.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the fry rearing commitment young eel powder of throwing something and feeding, every day twice full pool spilling head, daily management adheres to patrolling sooner or later every day the pool, notes observing activity and the change of water quality of fish, keeps water quality " fertile, live, refreshing, tender ".Fry can reach 3～5cm through 1 month cultivation, can supply adult fish rearing, or for surviving the winter fingerling (50～100g) raising.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the breeding density from 3cm fry rearing to large size fingerling is decided on required specification, general 5000～10000 tail/mus.
Beneficial effect
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) male and female parents' germplasm and purity thereof are the keys that is related to the quality of the lucky fish difficult to understand of filial generation, for this reason the inventor to select JeFu luoluo fish be maternal, Israel's Oreochromis aureus is a male parent, thereby obtains male ratio height, emergence rate height, growth novel rapidly hybridization Tilapia mossambica-Ji Ao Tilapia mossambica.
(2) in preferred implementation of the present invention, the inventor has selected to have JeFu luoluo fish and Israel's Oreochromis aureus of specific germplasm, has guaranteed the key of the quality of the lucky fish difficult to understand of filial generation.Particularly inheritance feature and the morphological feature of parent population are carried out specific selection, thereby obtained the high novel hybridization Tilapia mossambica-Ji Ao Tilapia mossambica of male ratio.Be issued to purpose of the present invention in the situation that does not need artificially to add any additional substance.
(3) the present invention has also adopted means such as environment conditioning that specific seed produces, biological breeding, makes the lucky Tilapia mossambica emergence rate height difficult to understand of gained, growth rapidly.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.The experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example, usually according to normal condition, or according to culturing the condition that the merchant is advised.Ratio and percentage are based on weight, unless stated otherwise.
Unless otherwise defined or explanation, same meanings of being familiar with of all specialties used herein and scientific words and those skilled in the art.Any in addition method similar or impartial to described content and material all can be applicable in the inventive method.
The selection of embodiment 1 male and female parents colony
(1) JeFu luoluo fish germplasm feature
1. genotype feature
The genetic polymorphism of JeFu luoluo fish colony is 10.5%, and average heterozygosity is 0.027; Average genetic resemblance degree (being purity) between individuality is 92.7%.
2. phenotypic characteristic
There is the point-like band 7-9 bar vertical, parallel with axon adult fish health both sides.Chequered with black and white spot is all arranged on dorsal fin, anal fin and the tail fin, at the back of the body, be arranged askew on the anal fin, the spot on the tail fin be linear vertical, be arranged in parallel, adult fish is more than 13.Tail fin of sexual maturity milter and dorsal fin edge take on a red color.Dorsal fin edge black.Juvenile fish stage dorsal fin has a spot greatly and significantly, fades away later on.Build higher (body length/height is 2.18).Dorsal fin D:XV～X VII12～14; Anal fin A:III8～10; Last number of lateral: 13～26; Following number of lateral: 13～20.Mandibular arch outside gill raker number: 27～31.
(2) Oreochromis aureus germplasm feature
Adult fish health both sides point-like band is irregular, and tail fin has faint yellow spot throughout one's life, but does not form tangible vertical stripes.There is dark-coloured patch at gill cover rear portion.Tail fin of sexual maturity milter and dorsal fin edge take on a red color.Build is grown (body length/height is 2.50).Dorsal fin D:XV～X VII11～13; Anal fin A:III9～11; Last number of lateral: 18～29; Following number of lateral: 11～18.
(3) individual choice of breeding parent population
, the high general requirement of the thick back of the body of body normal, necessary except that physique stalwartness, color and luster:
1. age
In 2～4 ages, body weight is more than 500g.
2. gonopore and secondary sex character
There are two openings at milter belly rear, and preceding is anus, and the back is a cloacal aperture.Raun is being close to 3 openings at the belly rear, be followed successively by anus, gonopore and uropoiesis hole.In mating season, milter has tangible nuptial coloration, and body colour is bright-coloured, and tail fin reddens, and belly is pink, and whole body is reddish brown, and gently presses belly often can extrude a small amount of white seminal fluid.Ripe raun genital papilla is big and give prominence to, and the obvious or hole of oviporous orifice cracking is enclosed and presented blush.Superseded gonopore depauperation, male and female are distinguished unassured parent.
The preparation of embodiment 2a spawning pond and the combo of parent population
(1) cement spawning pond
1. prepare in the fishpond
Area is 100m
2About.Water level is at 80～100cm.
Under the parent population of embodiment 1 clean up the pond with quicklime 75kg/ mu in preceding 10～15 days of the pool.The quicklime consumption is looked what and the increase and decrease as one sees fit of quicklime quality of mud in the pool.Preceding 5～7 days basal dressings in the following pool are as fermentation poultry dung, pig manure, cow dung.Water colour with yellowish-brown, yellowish green be good.
2. combo
Every year, spring, water temperature rose to more than 22 ℃, and the parent is dropped into breeding pond, every m
23 tails, female-male proportion are 2: 1.
Before the lower storage reservoir with 3% saline solution soaking disinfection.
3. antenatal postpartum, the branch of female milter was supported
Female before the combo, milter divides the pond to cultivate, and must in time parent population be caught out after the laying eggs of combo, and female, milter divides the pond to cultivate.
The preparation of embodiment 2b spawning pond and the combo of parent population
(1) native pond spawning pond
1. prepare in the fishpond
1.0～3.0 mu of areas.Water level is at 90～100cm.
Under the parent population of embodiment 1 clean up the pond with quicklime 75kg/ mu in preceding 10～15 days of the pool.The quicklime consumption is looked what and the increase and decrease as one sees fit of quicklime quality of mud in the pool.Preceding 5～7 days basal dressings in the following pool are as fermentation poultry dung, pig manure, cow dung.Water colour with yellowish-brown, yellowish green be good.
2. combo
Every year, spring, water temperature rose to more than 22 ℃, and the parent is dropped into breeding pond, every m
21 tail, female, male ratio is 2: 1.
Before the lower storage reservoir with 3% saline solution soaking disinfection.
3. antenatal postpartum, the branch of female milter was supported
Female before the combo, milter divides the pond to cultivate, and in time parent population is caught out after the laying eggs of combo, and female, milter divides the pond to cultivate.
Embodiment 3 parent population feedings and managements
Behind the pool, carry out feeding and management under the parent population of embodiment 1,2.
Early breeding (after the combo 10～15 days) at a glance the dispensing of water quality situation topdress; The 2nd, the special-purpose artifical compound feed of the Tilapia mossambica of throwing something and feeding arranges in pairs or groups suitably that some help the green fodder of gonad development, as duckweed, denticulate ixeris herb etc.The manufactured feed feeding volume is 3%～5% of a fish body gross weight, throws something and feeds twice every day, and in time adjusts feeding volume according to water colour, weather condition, fish body active situation etc.
Arrived the breeding later stage (after the combo 15～30 days), because of the raun that lays eggs hatches fertilized egg keeping in the mouth, thus can stop to ingest, and do not lay eggs or finished the raun that mouth is incubated, and milter still will ingest.At this moment daily ration, feeding quantity just do not calculate with the gross weight of fish body, exceed to eat up in 1 hour.
Embodiment 4 seed rearings
(1) collection of fry
Began to see seedling in about 20 days behind the pool under embodiment 1,2 parent populations, one finds to emerge, and promptly begins to drag for seedling, changes nursery pond over to and cultivates.
Be that 4.0m * 1.5m * 2.0m rectangle (mesh 40) net sheet fish for fry 2 time with specification every day, time is 6:00～8:00 in the morning, afternoon 3:00～5:00, per 2～3 people are one group, fish for along phytal zone, limit, pond, collect fry 1 time every the 10m hauling, (mesh was 40 orders with big close net every 10 days, net long for the pond wide 1/3, net height 1.5m～2.0m) fish for fry back and forth along the pond 1 time.
Gather fry support temporarily in net cage or washing basin earlier, focus on some and descend pool cultivation according to plan.Every mu of breeding density is grasped about 100,000 tails.
(2) raise
Seedling culture carries out in special seedling culture pond.The pool is preceding 20～30 days under the fry, and the pond is leveled, and weeds a garden, too much mud at the bottom of foreign material and the pond, repairs Chi Di.Put seedling preceding 7～10 days, with the sterilization of cleaning up the pond of 75kg/ mu quicklime or 8～10kg/ mu bleaching powder.The pond begins to annotate new water to depth of water 60cm after 3 days, and cow dung, pig manure or the chicken manure 300～400kg/ mu used are by fermentation cultivated water quality as base manure.
Summer flower is cultivated the commitment soya-bean milk of throwing something and feeding, every day twice full pool spilling head, daily management adheres to patrolling sooner or later every day the pool, notes observing activity and the change of water quality of fish, keeps water quality " fertile, live, refreshing, tender ".Fry can reach 3～5cm through 1 month cultivation, can supply adult fish rearing, or for surviving the winter fingerling (50～100g) raising.
Breeding density 5000～10000 tail/mus from 3cm fry rearing large size fingerling.
Ji of the present invention Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand has following proterties
1, average natural male ratio 91%.There was the scene to inspect 59 tails at random by random samples, the record of male ratio 98.3%;
2, growth rate is very fast.Average weight 5 gram/tail fries were arranged at depth of water 1m, area 60m
2Cultured through 112 days in the cement pit, average weight reaches the record of 335g/ tail;
3, output height.Had in 4.27 hectares of ponds and cultured 163～165 days, average yield reaches the 18015kg/ hectare, individual weight 655-786g/ tail, average 753g/ tail, feed coefficient 1.4 1 1.6, survival rate 98%, three netted the rate of catching 93% record.
4, the high back of the body of a corpusculum is thick, and neat specification is easily fished for, suitable export processing.
Embodiment 5
With Tilapia mossambica lucky difficult to understand (JeFu luoluo fish ♀ * Oreochromis aureus of newly developing
) be subjects, the Sarotherodon sp (bolti ♀ * Oreochromis aureus that generally uses on JeFu luoluo fish and the breeding production
), bolti, Oreochromis aureus be contrast, and the growth performance of Ji Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand is carried out evaluation test, the result is as shown in table 1 below:
The growth performance of five kinds of Tilapia mossambicas such as table 1 Ji Ao is (2006.7.21-11.15 counted 112 days) relatively
Table?1Comparison?of?growth?performance?of?NEW?GIFT?strainO.niloticus?♀×O.aureus
etc.five?tilapias
Annotate: in the same row, the identical person of subscript represents difference with insignificance (P＞0.05), otherwise the extremely remarkable (P＜0.01=. of expression difference
Wherein:
Absolute rate of body weight gain (AGR) (g/d)=(W2-W1)/(t2-t1)
Specific rate of body weight gain (SGR) (%/d)=[(lnW2-lnW1)/(t2-t1)] * 100
In the formula: W1, W2 are respectively the body weight when the time being t1 and t2.
Test data adopts the SPSS12.0 statistical software to analyze, and adopts the relatively difference between each group of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the multiple comparison method of Duncans.
Main result:
1. absolute rate of body weight gain (g/d): Xin Jifu＞Ji Ao＞Buddhist nun sieve＞Ao Ni＞Ao Liya.Though lucky difficult to understand lower by 19.4%, higher by 60.3% respectively than Buddhist nun difficult to understand, Buddhist nun sieve, Ao Liya, 10.8%, 112% than Xin Jifu, except that Ji Ao and Buddhist nun sieve's differences significantly (P＞0.05), with all extremely remarkable (P＜0.01=of difference between other three kinds of Tilapia mossambicas.
2. the body weight coefficient of variation (%): Ao Ni＞Buddhist nun sieve＞Ji Ao＞Xin Jifu＞Ao Liya, wherein, Ji Aobiaoni, Buddhist nun sieve have reduced by 31.1%, 17.4%, and (P＜0.01=is with other three kinds of Tilapia mossambica differences all not remarkable (P＞0.05) except that Ji Ao and Ao Ni differences are extremely significantly.
3. survival rate (%): Xin Jifu＞Ji Ao＞Buddhist nun sieve＞Ao Ni＞Ao Liya, wherein, lucky Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand is 96.5%, suitable with Xin Jifu (96.7%), but higher by 9.4% respectively than Buddhist nun difficult to understand, Buddhist nun sieve, Ao Liya, 3.4%, 20.6%, except that lucky difficult to understand with Xin Jifu difference significantly (P＞0.05), with all extremely remarkable (P＜0.01=of other three kinds of Tilapia mossambica differences.
4. in a word, compare with Sarotherodon sp, the absolute rate of body weight gain of lucky Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand is high by 60.3%, and survival rate is high by 9.4%, and the body weight coefficient of variation is low by 27.5%, is the superior hybridization Tilapia mossambica of a kind of growth performance.
All quote in this application as a reference at all documents that the present invention mentions, just quoted as a reference separately as each piece document.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after having read above-mentioned instruction content of the present invention, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.
Claims (10)
1. the producing method for seed of a Ji Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(a) parent population to select JeFu luoluo fish for use be maternal, Israel's Oreochromis aureus is a male parent;
(b) female parent and the male parent parent population with step (a) carries out the combo breeding, obtains hybrid generation, i.e. the fry of lucky Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand.Adopt ecological method to cultivate seed.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the JeFu luoluo fish that the female parent of described step (a) is selected for use satisfies following one or more conditions:
(A) there is the striped 7-9 bar vertical, parallel with axon the health both sides; And/or
(B) spot strain line vertical on the tail fin, that be arranged in parallel is not less than 13; And/or
(C) the long ratio with height of body is not less than 2.18; And/or
(D) dorsal fin D:XV～X VII12～14; And/or
(E) anal fin A:III8～10; And/or
(F) go up number of lateral: 13～26; And/or
(G) number of lateral: 13～20; And/or
(H) mandibular arch outside gill raker number: 27～31.
(I) described JeFu luoluo fish population genetic polymorphism is 10.5 ± 0.5%, and average heterozygosity is for being not more than 0.027; Average genetic resemblance degree between individuality is not less than 92.7%.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, Israel's Oreochromis aureus that the male parent of described step (a) is selected for use satisfies following one or more conditions:
(i) the long ratio with height of body is not less than 2.50, and/or
(ii) dorsal fin D:XV～X VII11～13; And/or
(ii i) anal fin A:III9～11; And/or
(iv) go up number of lateral: 18～29; And/or
(v) descend number of lateral: 11～18.
4. as each described method of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that the male parent of described step (a) and maternal satisfied following one or more conditions:
(a1) described male parent and maternal 2～4 ages, body weight is not less than 500g; And/or
(a2) described male parent and female parent are sexually matured adult fish; And/or
(a3) described male parent and maternal neat specification.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the breeding of described step (b) combo comprises spawning pond preparation, parent population combo and/or parent population raising step.
6. method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described spawning pond satisfies following one or more conditions:
(b1) water level is between 80～100cm; And/or
(b2) under parent population, cleaned up the pond with quicklime in 10～15 days before the pool; And/or
(b3) preceding 5～7 days basal dressings in the pool under.
7. method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, in the parent population combo step of the combo breeding of step (b),
(c1) spring, water temperature rose to more than 22 ℃, and parent population is dropped into the breeding pond, and/or
(c2) injected volume of parent population is every m
21～3 tail, and/or
(c3) maternal number ratio with male parent is (2～1): 1.
8. method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, in the combo breeding of step (b) the parent population raising is comprised:
(e1) dispensing is topdressed; And/or
(e2) the throw something and feed special-purpose artifical compound feed of Tilapia mossambica, the green fodder that helps gonad development or combination.
9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises step (c): the Tilapia mossambica fry lucky difficult to understand to step (b) gathers and cultivates, and obtains the fingerling of lucky Tilapia mossambica difficult to understand.
10. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, in the cultivation of step (c), and the fry rearing commitment young eel powder of throwing something and feeding.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101518216B (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2012-09-05 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | Method for seed production of O.mossambicus and O.hornorum |
| CN104542397A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 茂名市伟业罗非鱼良种场 | Multi-parental hybrid breeding method of tilapia |
| CN108377939A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-10 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | A kind of producing method for seed of lucky Hybrid tilapia difficult to understand |
| CN111165401A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-19 | 广西壮族自治区水产引育种中心 | Rapid and efficient breeding method for tilapia |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100496232C (en) * | 2005-09-05 | 2009-06-10 | 李思发 | Novel selecting and breeding method for gift tilapia |
-
2007
- 2007-04-28 CN CN200710040190XA patent/CN101292633B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101518216B (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2012-09-05 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | Method for seed production of O.mossambicus and O.hornorum |
| CN104542397A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 茂名市伟业罗非鱼良种场 | Multi-parental hybrid breeding method of tilapia |
| CN104542397B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2019-04-05 | 茂名市伟业罗非鱼良种场 | A kind of polynary parents producing method for seed of Tilapia mossambica |
| CN108377939A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-10 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | A kind of producing method for seed of lucky Hybrid tilapia difficult to understand |
| CN111165401A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-19 | 广西壮族自治区水产引育种中心 | Rapid and efficient breeding method for tilapia |
| CN111165401B (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2023-04-25 | 广西壮族自治区水产引育种中心 | Quick and efficient breeding method for tilapia mossambica |
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|---|---|
| CN101292633B (en) | 2011-11-16 |
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