CN101267971A - 混合动力车及其控制方法 - Google Patents

混合动力车及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101267971A
CN101267971A CNA2006800344879A CN200680034487A CN101267971A CN 101267971 A CN101267971 A CN 101267971A CN A2006800344879 A CNA2006800344879 A CN A2006800344879A CN 200680034487 A CN200680034487 A CN 200680034487A CN 101267971 A CN101267971 A CN 101267971A
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China
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mentioned
combustion engine
torque
drive shaft
axle drive
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CNA2006800344879A
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CN101267971B (zh
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安藤大吾
佐藤文一
金山武司
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01BMACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B27/00Starting of machines or engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D29/02Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable pitch propellers
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    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/902Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
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    • Y10S903/905Combustion engine
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    • Y10S903/902Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
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Abstract

当有发动机的起动要求时,在有驾驶者的功率要求的情况下,将功率要求用点火正时设定为点火正时以使得可以迅速地从发动机输出与该功率要求相应的大的功率(步骤S210)。另一方面,当没有驾驶者的功率要求且不处于停车期间而处于行驶期间时,由于对驱动轴作用转矩而几乎不齿轮打击音,因此为使车身振动变小而将振动抑制用点火正时设定为点火正时(S220),在停车期间,由于转矩过小而产生齿轮打击音,因此将齿轮打击抑制用点火正时设定为点火正时,使得产生即使由于发动机产生转矩变动也不会造成齿轮机构的齿轮彼此反复触接/分离的转矩。

Description

混合动力车及其控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力车及其控制方法。
背景技术
以往,公知有在经由行星齿轮机构相连接的内燃机、发电机和电动机之间进行动力交换的混合动力车。例如,在专利文献1中所述的混合动力车中,当内燃机停止运行而通过蓄电池的放电功率驱动电动机进行行驶时,在需要起动内燃机的情况下,以降低因内燃机突然开始输出而产生的车体振动为目的,进行延迟内燃机的点火正时以抑制内燃机的输出转矩的控制。
专利文献1:日本特开2004-11650号公报
发明内容
但是,当过于抑制内燃机起动时的输出转矩时,有时由于内燃机引起的转矩变动(例如反复进行吸入/压缩/膨胀/排气行程时所生成的转矩变动和由于低转矩而使燃烧变得不稳定所生成的转矩变动等),而在行星齿轮机构中产生嘎达嘎达的齿轮打击音。此外,在配置于行星齿轮机构和车轴之间的变速器的齿轮机构中,有时也产生同样的齿轮打击音。
本发明的混合动力车及其控制方法的目的之一是抑制伴随内燃机的起动而产生的齿轮机构的齿轮打击音,此外,本发明的混合动力车及其控制方法的目的之一是根据驾驶状况适当地抑制伴随内燃机的起动而产生的车体振动和齿轮打击音。
本发明的混合动力车及其控制方法为了实现上述目的的至少一部分而采用以下方案。
本发明的第一混合动力车的要旨是包括:
内燃机,其能够向与车轴相连接的驱动轴输出动力;
拖动装置,其经由齿轮机构与上述内燃机的输出轴相连接,能够随着向上述驱动轴输出转矩和从上述驱动轴输入转矩而拖动上述内燃机;
电动机,其能够向上述驱动轴输出动力和从上述驱动轴输入动力;
驱动轴旋转状况检测装置,其检测上述驱动轴的旋转状况;
要求功率检测装置,其检测是否有驾驶者的功率要求;以及
起动时控制装置,其在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出(产生)上述内燃机的起动指示时在上述驱动轴停止旋转的情况下,控制上述内燃机、上述拖动装置和上述电动机,使得在利用上述拖动装置拖动上述内燃机的状态下,该内燃机的起动转矩为预定大小的抑制打齿转矩,使该内燃机完全爆发燃烧,并在该内燃机完全爆发燃烧之后结束由上述拖动装置进行的拖动。
在该混合动力车中,在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出内燃机的起动指示时在驱动轴停止旋转的情况下,在利用拖动装置拖动上述内燃机的状态下使内燃机起动,使此时的起动转矩为预定大小的抑制打齿转矩,使该内燃机完全爆发燃烧。由此,能够抑制在将内燃机的输出轴和拖动装置连接起来的齿轮机构等中产生齿轮打击音。
本发明的第二混合动力车的要旨是包括:
内燃机,其能够向与车轴相连接的驱动轴输出动力;
拖动装置,其经由齿轮机构与上述内燃机的输出轴相连接,能够随着向上述驱动轴输出转矩和从上述驱动轴输入转矩而拖动上述内燃机;
电动机,其能够向上述驱动轴输出动力和从上述驱动轴输入动力;
驱动轴旋转状况检测装置,其检测上述驱动轴的旋转状况;
要求功率检测装置,其检测是否有驾驶者的功率要求;以及
起动时控制装置,其在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出上述内燃机的起动指示时上述驱动轴旋转的情况下,控制上述内燃机、拖动装置和上述电动机,使得在利用上述拖动装置拖动上述内燃机的状态下,该内燃机的起动转矩为预定的微小转矩,使该内燃机完全爆发燃烧,并在该内燃机完全爆发燃烧之后结束由上述拖动装置进行的拖动;并且,在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出上述内燃机的起动指示时上述驱动轴的旋转停止的情况下,控制上述内燃机、上述拖动装置和上述电动机,使得在利用上述拖动装置拖动上述内燃机的状态下,该内燃机的起动转矩为比上述微小转矩(充分小的转矩)大的抑制打齿转矩,使该内燃机完全爆发燃烧之后结束由上述拖动装置进行的拖动。
在该混合动力车中,在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出内燃机的起动指示时在驱动轴旋转的情况下,在利用拖动装置拖动内燃机的状态下使内燃机起动,但此时的驱动轴旋转时难以产生齿轮机构的齿轮打击音,因此使此时的起动转矩为预定的微小转矩,降低了内燃机起动时生成的车体振动。另一方面,在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出内燃机的起动指示时驱动轴停止旋转的情况下,在利用拖动装置拖动内燃机的状态下使内燃机起动,此时的起动转矩为比微小转矩大的抑制打齿转矩,因此在将内燃机的输出轴和拖动装置连接起来的齿轮机构等中难以生成齿轮齿彼此反复触接、分离的动作。这样,能够根据运行情况来适当地抑制随着内燃机起动的车身振动和齿轮打击音。
根据本发明的第一或者第二混合动力车,上述起动时控制装置还可以采用不会发生由于该内燃机引起的转矩变动使上述齿轮机构的齿轮齿彼此反复触接、分离的情况下的这样大小的转矩,作为上述抑制打齿转矩。这样,即使生成由内燃机引起的转矩变动,也能够可靠地抑制在齿轮机构等中生成的齿轮打击音。
在本发明的第二混合动力车,上述起动时控制装置还可以采用不会发生由于该内燃机引起的转矩变动使上述齿轮机构的齿轮齿彼此反复触接、分离的情况这样大小的转矩并且是接近上述微小转矩的值,作为上述抑制打齿转矩。这样,使内燃机起动时的车身振动尽可能小,同时能够抑制齿轮打击音。
根据本发明的第二混合动力车,上述起动时控制装置还能以使该内燃机的点火正时成为最迟角(最延迟点火正时)的方式控制该内燃机,使得上述内燃机的起动转矩成为上述微小转矩,上述起动时控制装置以使该内燃机的点火正时比上述最迟角提前的方式控制该内燃机,使得上述内燃机的起动转矩成为上述抑制打齿转矩。
根据本发明的第一或第二混合动力车,在有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出上述内燃机的起动指示时,上述起动时控制装置还可以控制上述内燃机、上述拖动装置和上述电动机,使得在利用上述拖动装置拖动上述内燃机的状态下使该内燃机的起动转矩为超过上述抑制打齿转矩的转矩,使该内燃机完全爆发燃烧,并在该内燃机完全爆发燃烧之后结束由上述拖动装置进行的拖动。这样,在有驾驶者的功率要求的情况下,由于与抑制随着内燃机起动的车身振动和齿轮机构的齿轮打击音相比要优先从内燃机迅速地输出大转矩,从而能够良好地应对驾驶者的要求。
根据本发明的第一或第二混合动力车,上述起动时控制装置可基于点火正时来控制上述内燃机的起动转矩。例如还可以通过操作进气量来控制起动转矩的大小,但由于与操作进气量相比,一般来说通过操作点火正时来控制起动转矩的大小能够迅速地进行,因此是优选的。
根据本发明的第一或第二混合动力车,上述拖动装置将三轴式动力输入输出机构作为所述齿轮机构,所述三轴式动力输入输出机构与上述内燃机的输出轴、上述驱动轴和第3轴这3个轴相连接,并基于从这3个轴中的任2个轴输入的动力和向该任2个轴输出的动力,向剩余的轴输出动力和从该剩余的轴输入动力;并且构成为具有从所述第3轴输入动力和向该第3轴输出动力的发电机。
本发明的第三混合动力车的控制方法的要旨是,该混合动力车包括:
内燃机,其能够向与车轴相连接的驱动轴输出动力;拖动装置,其经由齿轮机构与上述内燃机的输出轴相连接,能够随着向上述驱动轴输出转矩和从上述驱动轴输入转矩而拖动上述内燃机;以及电动机,其能够向上述驱动轴输出动力和从上述驱动轴输入动力;
其中,在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出上述内燃机的起动指示时在上述驱动轴停止旋转的情况下,控制上述内燃机、上述拖动装置和上述电动机,使得在利用上述拖动装置拖动上述内燃机的状态下,该内燃机的起动转矩为预定大小的抑制打齿转矩,使该内燃机完全爆发燃烧之后结束由上述拖动装置进行的拖动。
在该混合动力的控制方法中,在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出内燃机的起动指示时在驱动轴停止旋转的情况下,在利用拖动装置拖动上述内燃机的状态下使内燃机起动,使此时的起动转矩为预定大小的抑制打齿转矩,使该内燃机完全爆发燃烧。由此,能够抑制在将内燃机的输出轴和拖动装置连接起来的齿轮机构等中产生齿轮打击音。而且,在该混合动力车的控制方法中,还可以再加上用于实现上述的本发明的混合动力车的各种功能的步骤。
本发明的第四混合动力车的控制方法的要旨是,该混合动力车包括:
内燃机,其能够向与车轴相连接的驱动轴输出动力;拖动装置,其经由齿轮机构与上述内燃机的输出轴相连接,能够随着向上述驱动轴输出转矩和从上述驱动轴输入转矩而拖动上述内燃机;和电动机,其能够向上述驱动轴输出动力和从上述驱动轴输入动力;
该混合动力车的控制方法包括如下步骤:
步骤(a)、在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出上述内燃机的起动指示时上述驱动轴旋转的情况下,控制上述内燃机、拖动装置和上述电动机,使得在利用上述拖动装置拖动上述内燃机的状态下,该内燃机的起动转矩为预定的微小转矩,使该内燃机完全爆发燃烧之后结束由上述拖动装置进行的拖动;和
步骤(b)、在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出上述内燃机的起动指示时上述驱动轴的旋转停止的情况下,控制上述内燃机、上述拖动装置和上述电动机,使得在利用上述拖动装置拖动上述内燃机的状态下,该内燃机的起动转矩为比上述微小转矩大的抑制打齿转矩,使该内燃机完全爆发燃烧之后结束由上述拖动装置进行的拖动。
在该混合动力车的控制方法中,在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出内燃机的起动指示时在驱动轴旋转的情况下,在利用拖动装置拖动内燃机的状态下使内燃机起动,此时驱动轴旋转时难以产生齿轮机构的齿轮打击音,因此将此时的起动转矩设为预定的微小转矩,降低了内燃机起动时生成的车体振动。另一方面,在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出内燃机的起动指示时驱动轴停止旋转的情况下,在利用拖动装置拖动内燃机的状态下使内燃机起动,将此时的起动转矩设为比微小转矩大的抑制打齿(的)转矩,因此在将内燃机的输出轴和拖动装置连接起来的齿轮机构等中难以生成齿轮齿彼此反复触接、分离的动作。这样,能够根据驾驶情况来适当地抑制随着内燃机起动的车身振动和齿轮打击音。而且,在该混合动力车的控制方法中,还可以再加上用于实现上述的本发明的混合动力车的各种功能的步骤。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明一个实施例的混合动力汽车20的概要结构的结构图;
图2是表示发动机22的概要结构的结构图;
图3是表示起动时控制例程的一个例子的流程图;
图4是表示要求转矩设定用图的一个例子的说明图;
图5是设定起动发动机22时的电机MG1的转矩指令Tm1、发动机22的转速Ne和从起动开始时起的经过时间t的关系的图;
图6是用于在力学上说明电机运行模式下当具有发动机起动要求时的行星齿轮机构30的旋转要素的动作列线图;
图7是用于在力学上说明在停车期间当没有驾驶者的功率要求时而具有发动机起动要求时的行星齿轮机构30的旋转要素的动作列线图;
图8是有关在行星齿轮机构30中产生齿轮打击音时的机理的说明图;
图9是表示发动机ECU侧起动时控制例程的一个例子的流程图;
图10是表示变形例的混合动力汽车120的概要结构的结构图。
具体实施方式
下面利用实施例来说明用于实施本发明的最佳实施方式。
图1是表示装载作为本发明一个实施例的动力输出装置的混合动力汽车20的概要结构的结构图。如图所示,实施例的混合动力汽车20包括:发动机22;行星齿轮机构30,其中使小齿轮33旋转的行星架34经由减振器28连接在作为发动机22的输出轴的曲轴26上;可发电的电机MG1,其连接在行星齿轮机构30的太阳轮31上;电机MG2,其经由减速器35而连接在与行星齿轮机构30的齿圈32相连的、作为驱动轴的齿圈轴32a上;以及控制整个混合动力汽车20的混合动力用电子控制单元70。而且,作为驱动轴的齿圈轴32a经由动力传递齿轮机构60和差速器62而连接在安装了驱动轮63a、63b的车轴64上,输出给齿圈轴32a的动力用作行驶用动力。
发动机22构成为可通过例如汽油或者轻油等碳氢化合物类的燃料而输出动力的内燃机,如图2所示,将通过空气滤清器122清洁后的空气经由节气门124吸入,并且从燃料喷射阀126喷射汽油,使被吸入的空气与汽油混合,将该混合气经由吸气门128吸入燃料室,由火花塞130产生的电火花使混合气爆发燃烧,将借助于该能量被压下的活塞132的往复运动转换为曲轴26的旋转运动。来自发动机22的排气经由净化装置(三元催化剂)134排出到外界气体(大气),该净化装置134用于净化一氧化碳(CO)、碳化氢(HC)、氮氧化物(NOX)等有害成分。
发动机22受发动机用电子控制单元(以下称为发动机ECU)24控制。发动机ECU 24构成为以CPU 24a为中心的微型处理器,除CPU 24a之外还包括存储处理程序的ROM 24b、暂时存储数据的RAM 24c、以及未图示的输入输出端口和通信端口。向发动机ECU 24中输入有如下所述的来自检测发动机22状态的各种传感器的信号:来自检测曲轴26的旋转位置的曲轴位置传感器140的曲轴位置;来自检测发动机22的冷却水温度的水温传感器142的冷却水温;来自安装在燃烧室内的压力传感器143的缸内压力Pin;来自检测凸轮轴的旋转位置的凸轮位置传感器144的凸轮位置,该凸轮轴用于开闭对燃烧室进行进气排气的进气门128和排气门;来自检测节气门124的位置的节气门位置传感器146的节气门位置;来自安装在进气管上的气流计148的气流计信号AF;来自同样安装在进气管上的温度传感器149的进气温度等。并且,从发动机ECU 24经由输出端口输出如下所述用于驱动发动机22的各种控制信号:例如,针对燃料喷射阀126的驱动信号;针对调节节气门124的位置的节气门电动机136的驱动信号;针对与点火器一体化的点火线圈138的控制信号;以及针对可改变进气门128的开闭定时的可变气门正时机构150的控制信号等。而且,发动机ECU24与混合动力用电子控制单元70通信,通过来自混合动力用电子控制单元70的控制信号对发动机22进行运行控制,并且根据需要输出与发动机22的运行状态有关的数据。
电机MG1和电机MG2都构成为公知的同步发电电动机,即可作为发电机进行驱动并可作为电动机进行驱动,电机MG1和电机MG2经由逆变器41、42与蓄电池50进行电力交换。电机MG1、MG2都被电机用电子控制单元(以下称为电机ECU)40驱动控制。向电机ECU 40中,输入用于对电机MG1、MG2进行驱动控制所必须的信号,例如来自检测电机MG1、MG2中转子的旋转位置的旋转位置检测传感器43、44的信号,以及由未图示的电流传感器检测出的提供给电机MG1、MG2的相电流等,从电机ECU 40向逆变器41、42输出开关控制信号。电机ECU 40与混合动力用电子控制单元70通信,根据来自混合动力用电子控制单元70的控制信号对电机MG1、MG2进行驱动控制,并且,根据需要将与电机MG1、MG2的运行状态有关的数据输出到混合动力用电子控制单元70。
蓄电池50受蓄电池用电子控制单元(以下称为蓄电池ECU)52管理。向蓄电池ECU 52中输入用于管理蓄电池50所必须的信号,例如来自在蓄电池50的端子间设置的未图示的电压传感器的端子间电压,来自于安装在被连接在蓄电池50的输出端子上的电线54上的未图示的电流传感器的充放电电流,来自于安装在蓄电池50上的温度传感器51的蓄电池温度Tb等,计算用于管理蓄电池50的剩余容量(SOC)并且基于计算出的剩余容量(SOC)和蓄电池温度Tb及蓄电池的输入输出限制Win、Wout,计算对蓄电池50进行充放电的要求值即充放电要求功率Pb等,根据需要通过通信将数据输出至混合动力用电子控制单元70。
混合动力用电子控制单元70构成为以CPU 72为中心的微型处理器,除CPU72之外还包括存储处理程序的ROM 74、暂时存储数据的RAM 76、以及未图示的输入输出端口和通信端口。向混合动力用电子控制单元70中经由输入端口输入:来自点火开关80的点火信号;来自检测换挡杆81的操作位置的档位传感器82的档位SP;来自检测加速踏板83的踩下量的加速踏板位置传感器84的加速器开度Acc;来自检测制动踏板85的踩下量的制动踏板位置传感器86的制动踏板位置BP;以及来自车速传感器88的车速V等。如上所述,混合动力用电子控制单元70经由通信端口与发动机ECU 24、电机ECU 40、蓄电池ECU 52相连接,并与发动机ECU 24、电机ECU 40、蓄电池ECU 52进行各种控制信号和数据的交换。
这样构成的实施例的混合动力汽车20,基于与驾驶者对加速踏板83的踩下量相对应的加速器开度Acc和车速V,来计算作为应输出给作为驱动轴的齿圈轴32a的要求转矩,并对发动机22、电机MG1和电机MG2进行运行控制,以将与该要求转矩相应的要求动力输出给齿圈轴32a。发动机22、电机MG1和电机MG2的运行控制具有如下模式等:转矩变换运行模式,即、对发动机22进行运行控制,以使与要求动力相当的动力从发动机22输出,并且对电机MG1和电机MG2进行驱动控制,以使得从发动机22输出的全部动力通过行星齿轮机构30、电机MG1和电机MG2进行转矩变换而输出给齿圈轴32a;充放电运行模式,即、对发动机22进行运行控制,使得与要求动力和蓄电池50的充放电所必须的电力之和相当的动力从发动机22输出,并且对电机MG1和电机MG2进行驱动控制,以随着蓄电池50的充放电从发动机22输出的全部动力或者一部分动力随着通过行星齿轮机构30、电机MG1和电机MG2进行转矩变换而将要求动力输出给齿圈轴32a;以及电机运行模式,即、停止发动机22的运行,将来自电机MG2的与要求动力相当的动力输出给齿圈轴32a。
下面,对实施例的混合动力汽车20的动作、特别是发动机22的运行停止期间有发动机22的起动要求时的动作进行说明。图3是表示有发动机22的起动要求时由混合动力用电子控制单元70执行的起动时控制例程的一个例子的流程图。这里,作为发动机22的运行停止期间当有发动机22的起动要求时的情况可以列举出:例如以电机运行模式行驶时对发动机22所要求的发动机要求功率Pe超过阈值Pref时;在停车状态刚起动系统之后马上需要进行发动机22的预热和蓄电池50的充电时等。下面简单说明电机运行模式。阈值Pref用于判断是否有发动机22的起动要求,设定在能够使发动机22比较有效率地运行的区域中下限功率附近。发动机要求功率Pe是利用应输出给作为驱动轴的齿圈轴32a的驱动轴要求功率Pr、蓄电池50所要求的充放电要求功率Pb(放电功率为正,充电功率为负)和损失Loss如下式(1)所示那样地表示,所以在下列时候发动机要求功率Pe超过阈值Pref:蓄电池50的剩余容量(SOC)比较充分的状态驾驶者较大(程度)地踩下加速器踏板83时;蓄电池50的剩余容量比较充分的状态且驾驶者没有踩下加速器踏板83时,车速V变大且齿圈轴32a的转速Nr也变大的时候;驾驶者没有踩下加速器踏板83而车速V也变小且齿圈轴32a的转速Nr也变小时,蓄电池50的剩余容量变低且设定了大的充放电要求功率Pb(充电功率)的时候等。而且,驱动轴要求功率Pr是这样的值:基于来自加速踏板位置传感器84的加速器开度Acc和来自车速传感器88的车速V,从存储于ROM 74的要求转矩设定用图(参照图4)导出齿圈轴32a所要求的要求转矩Tr,将该要求转矩Tr乘以齿圈轴32a的转速Nr所得的值。如下式(2)所示,齿圈轴32a的转速Nr是,用基于由旋转位置检测传感器44所检测出的电机MG2的转子旋转位置而计算出的电机MG的转速Nm2,除以减速器35的传动比Gr而求得的值。而且,在电机运行模式中,发动机22的转速Ne为零,电机MG1的转矩Tm1也为零。
Pe=Pr-Pb+损失    (1)
Pr=Tr·Nm2/Gr    (2)
于是,当执行图3的起动时控制例程时,混合动力用电子控制单元70的CPU 72输入控制所必须的如下数据(步骤S100),来自加速踏板位置传感器84的加速器开度Acc,来自车速传感器88的车速V,发动机22的转速Ne,电机MG1、MG2的转速Nm1、Nm2,蓄电池50的输入输出限制Win、Wout等;基于输入的加速器开度Acc和车速V并利用图4的要求转矩设定用图来设定要求转矩Tr(步骤S110)。这里,发动机22的转速Ne是将基于来自安装在曲轴26上的曲轴位置传感器140的信号而计算出的值通过通信从发动机ECU 24输入所得到的。此外,电机MG1、MG2的转速Nm1、Nm2是将基于旋转位置检测传感器43、44所检测出的电机MG1、MG2的转子旋转位置而计算出的值通过通信从电机ECU 40输入所得到的。并且,蓄电池50的输入输出限制Win、Wout是将基于蓄电池50的剩余容量(SOC)而设定的值通过通信从蓄电池ECU 52输入所得到的。
接下来,利用发动机22的转速Ne和从起动开始时起的经过时刻t,从发动机起动用图导出并设定电机MG1的转矩指令Tm1(步骤S120)。发动机起动用图是设定起动发动机22时的电机MG1的转矩指令Tm1、发动机22的转速Ne和从起动开始时起的经过时刻t之间的关系的图。图5表示该图的一个例子。在该图中,如图5所示,在给出了发动机22的起动指示的时刻t1之后马上利用累进法处理(rate process,步进变化处理)将较大的转矩迅速地设定为转矩指令Tm1,并使发动机22的转速Ne迅速地增加。在发动机22的转速Ne通过了共振转速区域或在发动机22的转速Ne要通过共振转速区域所必须的时间以后的时刻t2处,将能够使发动机22稳定地以点火开始转速Nstart以上的转速进行拖动的转矩(拖动用转矩)设定为转矩指令Tm1,使耗电和作为驱动轴的齿圈轴32a中的反力变小。这里,点火开始转速Nstart在本实施例中相比共振转速区域有余量地设定为大的转速(例如1000rpm)。而且,从超过发动机22的转速Ne达到点火开始转速Nstart的时刻t3、直到发动机22完全爆发燃烧时才刚超过的完全爆发燃烧转速Ncomb的时刻t4,将上述拖动用的转矩设定为转矩指令Tm1,从时刻t4起进行累进法处理以迅速地使转矩指令Tm1为值0,在时刻t5转矩指令Tm1设为值0。之后,在发动机22独立地运行的情况下,电机MG1的转矩指令Tm1继续设定为值0,在由电机MG1发电的情况下,将发电用的转矩(负值)设定为转矩指令Tm1。这样,通过在发出发动机22的起动指令之后马上将大的转矩设定为电机MG1的转矩指令Tm1以拖动发动机22,从而能够迅速地使发动机22旋转至点火开始转速Nstart以上而行起动。
在如此设定电机MG1的转矩指令Tm1后,通过下式(3)和(4)计算作为可从电机MG2输出的转矩的上下限的转矩限制Tmin、Tmax,即:设定后的电机MG1的转矩指令Tm1与当前的电机MG1的转速Nm1乘积得出的电机MG1的耗电(发电电力),用蓄电池50的输入输出限制Win、Wout与该电机MG1的耗电的偏差除以电机MG2的转速Nm2,从而算出作为可从电机MG2输出的转矩的上下限的转矩限制Tmin、Tmax(步骤S130);并且,利用要求转矩Tr、转矩指令Tm1和行星齿轮机构30的传动比ρ通过式(5)计算出作为应从电机MG2输出的转矩的暂定电机转矩Tm2tmp(步骤S140);作为将暂定电机转矩Tm2tmp用转矩限制Tmin、Tmax限制的值来设定电机MG2的转矩指令Tm2(步骤S150),将设定后的电机MG1、MG2的转矩指令Tm1、Tm2发送给电机ECU40(步骤S160)。这样,通过设定电机MG1的转矩指令Tm1并且设定电机MG2的转矩指令Tm2,从而能够在起动发动机22的同时将输出给作为驱动轴的齿圈轴32a的要求转矩Tr作为限制在蓄电池50的输入输出限制Win、Wout的范围内的转矩而输出。而且,式(5)从后述的图6的列线图能够容易地导出。此外,接收到转矩指令Tm1、Tm2的电机ECU 40进行逆变器41、42的开关元件的开关控制,以便利用转矩指令Tm1驱动电机MG1,并且利用转矩指令Tm2驱动电机MG2。
Tmin=(Win-Tm1·Nm1)/Nm2     (3)
Tmax=(Wout-Tm1·Nm1)/Nm2    (4)
Tm2tmp=(Tr+Tm1/ρ)/Gr    (5)
接下来,判断发动机22的转速Ne是否达到点火开始转速Nstart(步骤S170),当发动机22的转速Ne还未达到点火开始转速Nstart时回到步骤S100,反复步骤S100-S170的处理直到发动机22的转速Ne达到点火开始转速Nstart。当发动机的转速Ne达到点火开始转速Nstart时,确认起动指令标记Fstart是否为值0(步骤S180)。该起动指令标记Fstart是表示是否向发动机22输出了起动指令的标记,值为0时表示还未向发动机22输出起动指令,为1时表示已向发动机22输出了起动指令。现在,若考虑在步骤S170中最初发动机22的转速Ne达到点火开始转速Nstart时,由于在步骤S180中起动指令Fstart为值0,所以进入步骤S190之后的处理。而且,判断是否有驾驶者的功率要求以及是否处于停车期间(步骤S190、S200),并据此设定点火正时。在本实施例中,是否有驾驶者的功率要求的判断,是求出本次的要求转矩Tr和前次的要求转矩Tr的差值,并在该差值超过预定转矩时判定为有驾驶者的功率要求。预定转矩可以是0,还可以是实质上能视为0的微小值。此外,是否处于停车期间的判断是通过车速V是否为0进行判断的。
在步骤S190中当有驾驶者的功率要求时,作为点火正时设定功率要求用点火正时(步骤S210)。功率要求用点火正时通过实验等预先设定为:被吸入并在发动机22中压缩的混合气燃烧时的做功量大致最大。由此,能够迅速地应对驾驶者的功率要求。另一方面,当没有驾驶者的功率要求且未处于停车期间时,设定振动抑制用点火正时作为点火正时(步骤S220)。振动抑制用点火正时通过实验预先设定为:在发动机22完全爆发燃烧之后产生不失火的最低限转矩或其附近的转矩(微小转矩),在本实施例中点火正时确定为最迟角。设定为这样的转矩是根据下述的理由。即,若不在停车期间而以电机运行模式行驶期间,对作为驱动轴的齿圈轴32a施加有转矩,因此发动机22起动时即使从发动机22输出的转矩产生变动,也难以产生齿轮的齿轮打击音。因此,使从发动机22输出的转矩尽可能地小,抑制车身振动。此外当没有驾驶者的功率要求且处于停车期间时,将打齿抑制用点火正时设定为点火正时(步骤S230)。打齿抑制用点火正时是通过实验预先确定产生如下情况的转矩,即使由于发动机22反复进行吸入、压缩、燃烧、排气而产生转矩变动,或者由于低转矩而使燃烧变得不稳定而产生转矩变动,也产生不会导致行星齿轮机构30的小齿轮33的齿与太阳齿轮31的齿、或小齿轮33的齿与齿圈32的齿反复触接/分离而产生齿轮打击音的情况的转矩。该打齿抑制用点火正时是所产生的转矩(打齿抑制转矩)在微小转矩和有驾驶者的功率要求时的转矩中间,设定为不产生齿轮打击音的范围内接近微小转矩的值。具体而言,比功率要求用点火正时偏靠延迟角侧,比振动抑制用点火正时偏靠提前角侧,确定在接近振动抑制用点火正时的位置。这样,能够抑制在发动机22的完全爆发燃烧后由于发动机22引起的转矩变动而产生齿轮打击音的情况,还能够尽可能抑制车身振动。
而且,在步骤S210、S220或S230中任一个中设定点火正时后,向发动机ECU 22输出起动指令来执行以该点火正时起动时的点火控制,并且将值1设定给起动指令标记Fstart(步骤S240)。于是,接收到起动指令的发动机ECU 24控制燃料喷射阀126,以便将基于发动机22的冷却水的温度和进气管内的温度等算出的起动时燃料喷射量的燃料从燃料喷射阀126喷射出来;并且当达到预定的点火正时时,向点火线圈138通电,从火花塞130飞射出电火花,点燃混合气。这之后,判断发动机22是否完全爆发燃烧且转矩指令Tm1是否为零(步骤S250)。在该步骤S250中,判断为否定时返回步骤S100并反复步骤S100之后的处理,但当反复步骤S100之后的处理时由于起动指令标记Fstart已设定为值1,所以在步骤S180判断为否定后马上跳到步骤S250。之后,发动机22完全爆发燃烧且转矩指令Tm1为零时(参照图5的时刻t5),判断为发动机22的起动完成,将起动指令标记Fstart复位为值0(步骤S260),本例程结束。当本例程结束时,利用驱动发动机22和电机MG1、MG2的转矩变换运行模式或充放电运行模式执行用于行驶的未图示的驱动控制例程,但关于该控制,并不是本发明的核心,所以省略了其详细说明。
图6是混合动力汽车20以电机运行模式行驶时有发动机22的起动要求的情况下的动作列线图。图中,左边的S轴表示作为电机MG1的转速Nm1的太阳齿轮31的转速,C轴表示作为发动机22的转速Ne的行星架34的转速,R轴表示电机MG2的转速Nm2除以减速器35的传动比Gr得出的齿圈32的转速Nr。当以电机运行模式行驶时,如图中虚线所示,发动机22的转速Ne为零,使电机MG1的转矩指令Tm1为零转矩,使得电机MG1的转速Nm1能够追随被确定的电机MG2的转速Nm2。在该电机运行模式时,即使在蓄电池50的剩余容量(SOC)比较充分的状态下,当驾驶者较大地踩下加速器踏板83时,也给出发动机22的起动要求,通过电机MG1将发动机22拖动以使发动机22的转速Ne成为点火开始转速Nstart(参照图6的实线),要求转矩Tr与前次相比激增,因此在功率要求用点火正时进行点火,进行发动机22的起动,立即从发动机22输出功率。另一方面,即使在电机运行模式下,在蓄电池50的剩余容量比较充分的状态且驾驶者没有踩下加速器踏板83的情况下车速V变大而齿圈轴32a的转速Nr变大时,或者,在驾驶者未踩下加速器踏板83、车速V也变小且齿圈轴32a的转速Nr也变小的情况下,蓄电池50的剩余容量变低而设定大的充放电要求功率Pb(充电功率)时等,也给出(具有)发动机22的起动要求,但由于没有驾驶者的功率要求,通过电机MG1拖动发动机22,使发动机22的转速Ne成为点火开始转速Nstart,之后在振动抑制用点火正时进行发动机22的起动,尽可能地抑制伴随发动机22的起动产生的车身振动。此时,由于对作为驱动轴的齿圈轴32a施加了转矩指令Tr,所以在行星齿轮机构30内或减速器35内齿轮彼此难以产生齿轮打击音。
图7是混合动力汽车20处于停车期间且发动机22的运行停止时输出了发动机22的起动要求的情况下的动作列线图。停车期间且发动机22的运行停止时,电机MG1、MG2和发动机22各自的转速Nm1、Nm2、Ne都是零(参照图7的虚线)。此时,在系统起动且进行发动机22的暖机和蓄电池50的充电的情况下,给出发动机22的起动要求。由于电机MG1的转矩指令Tm1在发动机22的完全爆发燃烧(complete explosion,爆发性燃烧)后的时刻t5之后成为零转矩(参照图5),所以如果来自发动机22的输出转矩过小,会通过发动机22引起的转矩变动,如图8所示,太阳齿轮31的齿和小齿轮33的齿反复触接、分离,产生嘎达嘎达的齿轮打击音。同样,在齿圈32的齿和小齿轮33的齿之间也产生齿轮打击音。因此,在实施例中,从发动机22输出不引起齿轮的齿之间的触接、分离的转矩。而且,关于电机MG1的转矩指令Tm1,之后在发动机22独立运行的情况下,保持设定为零转矩,之后为使电机MG1发电,而将转矩指令Tm1设为负的符号的转矩(负转矩)。
根据以上说明的实施例的混合动力汽车20,当有发动机起动要求时,没有驾驶者的功率要求且停车的情况下,由于从发动机22输出比可充分抑制车身振动的微小转矩略大的打齿抑制转矩,因此可抑制行星齿轮机构30和动力传递齿轮60等产生嘎达嘎达的齿轮打击音。由于该打齿抑制转矩是不会产生齿轮的齿彼此反复触接、分离的大小的转矩,且采用接近微小转矩的值,因此尽可能使发动机22的起动时的车身振动变小,并且能够抑制齿轮打击音。此外,当有发动机起动要求时,在没有驾驶者的功率要求且未停车的情况下,由于对作为驱动轴的齿圈轴32a施加有转矩,因此难以产生齿轮打击音,因此从发动机22输出充分抑制车身振动的微小转矩,在起动发动机22时驾驶者几乎感觉不到车身振动。这样,能够根据运行状况适当地抑制伴随发动机22起动的车身振动和齿轮打击音。
此外,当有发动机起动要求时在有驾驶者的功率要求的情况下,由于比抑制伴随发动机22起动的车身振动和齿轮的齿轮打击音更优先从发动机22立即输出大的转矩,因此能够良好地响应驾驶者的要求。
而且,本发明不限定于上述的实施例,当然在属于本发明的技术范围内可利用各种方式实施。
例如,在上述的实施例中,通过操作点火正时来进行在起动发动机时从发动机22输出的转矩的控制,但还可以操作吸入发动机22中的空气量(节气门开度)来代替操作点火正时。但是,与操作吸入空气量相比,操作点火正时的方法一般来说能够迅速地进行,因此操作点火正时的方法是优选的。
在上述的实施例中,利用混合动力用电子控制单元70的CPU 72在所执行的起动时控制例程中设定点火正时,但也可以在有发动机22的起动要求时,从混合动力用电子控制单元70向发动机ECU 24发出其起动要求,接收到该起动要求的发动机ECU 24的CPU 24a进行图9的发动机ECU侧起动时控制例程。即,当该例程开始时,发动机ECU 24的CPU 24a,在通过拖动而使得转速Ne变为点火开始转速Nstart之后,判断相当于有功率要求的情况、没有功率要求且在停车期间的情况和没有功率要求且在行驶中的情况中的哪种情况,根据各种情况设定点火正时(步骤S300-S350)。而且,步骤S310-S350是与如上所述的步骤S190-S230相同的处理。之后执行下面的处理:从燃料喷射阀126喷射出基于发动机冷却水温和进气管温度等算出的起动时燃料喷射量的燃料,并且,在前面的步骤S330-S350中任一个所设定的点火正时,通过火花塞130的电火花点燃混合气(步骤S360),转速Ne超过完全爆发燃烧转速Ncomb后,向混合动力用电子控制单元70输出完全爆发燃烧信号(步骤S370、S380)。在该情况下,混合动力用电子控制单元70在步骤S160之后进入步骤S250,反复步骤S100-S160和S250的处理直到从发动机ECU 24接收完全爆发燃烧信号为止,接收到完全爆发燃烧信号后确认转矩指令Tm1变为0而结束该例程。
在上述的实施例中,求出本次的要求转矩Tr和前次的要求转矩Tr的差值并且在该差值超过预定转矩时判断为有驾驶者的功率要求,但还可以求出本次的加速器开度Acc和前次的加速器开度Acc的差值(加速踏板踩下增加量)并且在该差值超过预定值时判断为有驾驶者的功率要求。
在上述实施例的混合动力汽车20中,通过减速器35变速将电机MG2的动力输出给齿圈轴32a,但还可以如图10的变形例的混合动力汽车120例示那样,将电机MG2的动力连接到与齿圈轴32a相连接的车轴(驱动轮63a、63b所连接的车轴)不同的车轴(图10中车轮64a、64b所连接的车轴)上。
在上述的实施例的混合动力汽车20中,虽然没有提及发动机22起动时可变气门正时机构150的动作,但优选通过使进气门128的气门关闭正时向滞后角侧延迟,使得可在从吸入行程移行至压缩行程时也尽可能地保持打开进气门128的状态。由此,在发动机起动时的压缩行程中不会产生大的压缩力,能够顺滑地使发动机22起动。
这样,本发明能够适用于可将来自内燃机的动力和来自电动机的动力输出给驱动轴的混合动力汽车,但并不限定于这样的混合动力汽车,还可以适用于汽车以外的车辆,例如火车或船舶等。
本申请以2005年11月7日申请的日本专利申请第2005-322617号作为主张优先权的基础,通过引用其全部内容包含在本说明书中。
本发明除了利用于例如轿车、公交车、货车等汽车相关的产业之外,还可以利用于与火车、船舶、航行器等运输车辆相关的产业。

Claims (10)

1.一种混合动力车,包括:
内燃机,其能够向与车轴相连接的驱动轴输出动力;
拖动装置,其经由齿轮机构与上述内燃机的输出轴相连接,能够随着向上述驱动轴输出转矩和从上述驱动轴输入转矩而拖动上述内燃机;
电动机,其能够向上述驱动轴输出动力和从上述驱动轴输入动力;
驱动轴旋转状况检测装置,其检测上述驱动轴的旋转状况;
要求功率检测装置,其检测是否有驾驶者的功率要求;以及
起动时控制装置,其在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出上述内燃机的起动指示时在上述驱动轴停止旋转的情况下,控制上述内燃机、上述拖动装置和上述电动机,使得在利用上述拖动装置拖动上述内燃机的状态下,该内燃机的起动转矩为预定大小的抑制打齿转矩,使该内燃机完全爆发燃烧之后结束由上述拖动装置进行的拖动。
2.一种混合动力车,包括:
内燃机,其能够向与车轴相连接的驱动轴输出动力;
拖动装置,其经由齿轮机构与上述内燃机的输出轴相连接,能够随着向上述驱动轴输出转矩和从上述驱动轴输入转矩而拖动上述内燃机;
电动机,其能够向上述驱动轴输出动力和从上述驱动轴输入动力;
驱动轴旋转状况检测装置,其检测上述驱动轴的旋转状况;
要求功率检测装置,其检测是否有驾驶者的功率要求;以及
起动时控制装置,其在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出上述内燃机的起动指示时上述驱动轴旋转的情况下,控制上述内燃机、拖动装置和上述电动机,使得在利用上述拖动装置拖动上述内燃机的状态下,该内燃机的起动转矩为预定的微小转矩,使该内燃机完全爆发燃烧之后结束由上述拖动装置进行的拖动;并且,在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出上述内燃机的起动指示时上述驱动轴的旋转停止的情况下,控制上述内燃机、上述拖动装置和上述电动机,使得在利用上述拖动装置拖动上述内燃机的状态下,该内燃机的起动转矩为比上述微小转矩大的抑制打齿转矩,使该内燃机完全爆发燃烧之后结束由上述拖动装置进行的拖动。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力车,其中,上述起动时控制装置,采用不会发生由于该内燃机引起的转矩变动使上述齿轮机构的齿轮齿彼此反复触接、分离的情况这样大小的转矩,作为上述抑制打齿转矩。
4、根据权利要求2所述的混合动力车,其中,上述起动时控制装置,采用不会发生由于该内燃机引起的转矩变动使上述齿轮机构的齿轮齿彼此反复触接、分离的情况这样大小的转矩并且是接近上述微小转矩的值,作为上述抑制打齿转矩。
5、根据权利要求2或4所述的混合动力车,其中,上述起动时控制装置以使该内燃机的点火正时成为最迟角的方式控制该内燃机,使得上述内燃机的起动转矩成为上述微小转矩,上述起动时控制装置以使该内燃机的点火正时比上述最迟角提前的方式控制该内燃机,使得上述内燃机的起动转矩成为上述抑制打齿转矩。
6、根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的混合动力车,其中,在有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出上述内燃机的起动指示时,上述起动时控制装置控制上述内燃机、上述拖动装置和上述电动机,使得在利用上述拖动装置拖动上述内燃机的状态下使该内燃机的起动转矩为超过上述抑制打齿转矩的转矩,使该内燃机完全爆发燃烧之后结束由上述拖动装置进行的拖动。
7、根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的混合动力车,其中,上述起动时控制装置基于点火正时来控制上述内燃机的起动转矩。
8、根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的混合动力车,其中,
上述拖动装置将三轴式动力输入输出机构作为所述齿轮机构,所述三轴式动力输入输出机构与上述内燃机的输出轴、上述驱动轴和第3轴这3个轴相连接,并基于从这3个轴中的任2个轴输入的动力和向该任2个轴输出的动力,向剩余的轴输出动力和从该剩余的轴输入动力;并且
构成为具有从所述第3轴输入动力和向该第3轴输出动力的发电机。
9、一种混合动力车的控制方法,该混合动力车包括:
内燃机,其能够向与车轴相连接的驱动轴输出动力;
拖动装置,其经由齿轮机构与上述内燃机的输出轴相连接,能够随着向上述驱动轴输出转矩和从上述驱动轴输入转矩而拖动上述内燃机;以及
电动机,其能够向上述驱动轴输出动力和从上述驱动轴输入动力;
其中,在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出上述内燃机的起动指示时在上述驱动轴停止旋转的情况下,控制上述内燃机、上述拖动装置和上述电动机,使得在利用上述拖动装置拖动上述内燃机的状态下,该内燃机的起动转矩为预定大小的抑制打齿转矩,使该内燃机完全爆发燃烧之后结束由上述拖动装置进行的拖动。
10、一种混合动力车的控制方法,该混合动力车包括:
内燃机,其能够向与车轴相连接的驱动轴输出动力;
拖动装置,其经由齿轮机构与上述内燃机的输出轴相连接,能够随着向上述驱动轴输出转矩和从上述驱动轴输入转矩而拖动上述内燃机;和
电动机,其能够向上述驱动轴输出动力和从上述驱动轴输入动力;
该混合动力车的控制方法包括如下步骤:
步骤(a)、在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出上述内燃机的起动指示时上述驱动轴旋转的情况下,控制上述内燃机、拖动装置和上述电动机,使得在利用上述拖动装置拖动上述内燃机的状态下,该内燃机的起动转矩为预定的微小转矩,使该内燃机完全爆发燃烧之后结束由上述拖动装置进行的拖动;和
步骤(b)、在没有驾驶者的功率要求的状态下当给出上述内燃机的起动指示时上述驱动轴的旋转停止的情况下,控制上述内燃机、上述拖动装置和上述电动机,使得在利用上述拖动装置拖动上述内燃机的状态下,该内燃机的起动转矩为比上述微小转矩大的抑制打齿转矩,使该内燃机完全爆发燃烧之后结束由上述拖动装置进行的拖动。
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