CN101263543B - 有源矩阵显示器驱动控制系统 - Google Patents
有源矩阵显示器驱动控制系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于驱动有源矩阵显示器的方法、装置和计算机程序代码,更准确地说涉及具有降低功耗的有机发光二极管(OLED)显示器。一种降低有源矩阵场致发光显示器的功耗的方法,所述方法包含:控制到所述显示器的电源电压;和监视到所述显示器的电源电流;并且其中,所述控制进一步包含逐渐降低所述电源电压,直到所述电源电流降低大于一个阈值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于通过降低的功耗来驱动有源矩阵显示器,更准确的说是有机发光二极管(OLED)显示器的方法、装置和计算机程序代码。
背景技术
与LCD和其它平板技术相比,使用OLED制造的显示器提供了许多优点。它们亮度高、色彩丰富、切换快(与LCD相比)、提供宽视角并且容易和低廉地制造在多种衬底上。可是使用包括聚合物、小分子和树形化合物的材料来制造有机(这里包括有机金属)LED,其颜色的范围取决于所使用的材料。在WO 90/13148、WO 95/06400和WO 99/48160中描述了基于聚合物的有机LED的例子,在WO99/21935和WO 02/067343中描述了基于树形化合物的材料的例子,以及在US4,539,507中描述了所谓的基于小分子的设备的例子。
通常的OLED设备包含两层有机材料,其中的一层是诸如发光聚合物(LEP)、低聚物或发光低分子量材料的发光材料层,而另外一层是诸如聚噻吩衍生物或聚苯胺衍生物的空穴传输材料层。
有机LED可以以像素矩阵淀积在衬底上以形成单色或彩色像素显示。可以使用红、绿和蓝色发光像素的组来构造彩色显示器。所谓的有源矩阵(AM)显示器具有与每个像素相关的存储器单元,通常是存储电容器和晶体管,而无源矩阵显示器没有这种存储器单元,取而代之的是重复扫描以获得稳定图像的印象。可以分别在WO99/42983和EP0,717,446A中找到聚合物和小分子有源矩阵显示器的驱动器的例子。
图1a示出了这样一个OLED有源矩阵像素电路150的例子。为显示器的每个像素提供一个电路150,并提供地线152、Vss 154、行选择124和列数据126母线来相互连接像素。从而,每个像素具有电源和地线连接,每行像素具有公共行选择线124,而每列像素具有公共数据线126。
每个像素在地线152和电源线154之间具有与驱动晶体管158串联的有机LED 152。驱动晶体管158的栅极连接159被耦合到存储电容器120,以及控制晶体管122在行选择线124的控制下将栅极159耦合到列数据线126。晶体管122是在行选择线124被激活时将列数据线126连接到栅极159和电容器120的薄膜场效应晶体管(PET)开关。因此,当开关122处于接通时,列数据线126上的电压可被存储在电容器120上。因为到驱动晶体管158的栅极连接的相对高的阻抗并且开关晶体管122处于“断开”状态,这个电压至少在帧刷新周期内维持在所述电容器上。
驱动晶体管158通常是FET晶体管并传递(漏极-源极)电流,该电流取决于低于阈值电压的晶体管栅极电压。因此,栅极节点159处的电压控制流过OLED 152的电流并因此控制OLED的亮度。
图1的电压控制电路具有许多缺点,在申请人的WO03/038790中描述了解决这些缺点的一些方法。
从WO03/038790中提取的图1b示出了解决这些问题的电流控制的像素驱动器电路160的例子。在这个电路中,通过使用基准电流宿162来设置用于OLED驱动晶体管158的漏极-源极电流,并存储这个漏极-源极电流所需的驱动晶体管栅极电压,来设置流过OLED152的电流。因此,OLED 152的亮度取决于流入基准电流宿162的电流Icol,该电流最好是可调节的并可以根据被寻址的每个像素的要求进行设置。另外,另一个开关晶体管164被连接在驱动晶体管158和OLED 152之间。通常对于每列数据线提供一个电流宿162。
从这些例子可以看出,有源矩阵像素电路通常并入与场致发光显示元件串联的薄膜(驱动)晶体管(TFT)。
现在参照图2a,它示出用于有源矩阵像素电路的FET TFT驱动晶体管的漏极特性200。一组曲线202、204、206、208被示出,每个说明了针对特定栅极源极电压,FET的漏极电流随着漏极源极电压的变化。在初始的非线性部分之后,曲线变得基本平坦,以及FET操作于所谓的饱和区域。饱和漏极电流随着栅极源极电压的升高而升高;低于阈值栅极源极电压VT时,漏极电流基本为0。通常VT的值介于1V和6V之间。广义来说,FET作为压控电流限制器起作用。
图2b示出典型有源矩阵像素电路的驱动部分240。在地线248和负电源线Vss 246之间,PMOS驱动FET 242与有机发光二极管244串联。
从图2b的电路中可以看出,对于给定的OLED驱动电流,Vss越高,驱动晶体管242中的额外(浪费的)功耗越多。因此,最好尽可能地降低Vss来减少这个额外消耗的功率。然而,从图220中可以看出,存在如虚线230所示的极限,在该极限以下Vss不能被减小,这个极限取决于最大可用Vgs和所需的OLED驱动电压。
在有源矩阵驱动器中,多种因素起作用将AM OLED显示器的电源电压增加到高于在给定时间所需的电压。原则上,电源电压仅需要~0.5V高于驱动最高电压OLED所需的电压(聚合物需要~4V,小分子和磷光性系统需要~7V)。然而对于小分子来说,实际上需要足够的电源来将驱动TFT维持在饱和状态,并具有足够的开销来处理OLED阈值电压随着时间的升高,这可以导致电源电压如14V之高。这个特大电压完全落在驱动TFT上,增加(是给定例子的两倍)了功耗并通过增强的场降和发热给TFT加压。我们之前已经在WO03/107313中描述了用于解决这些困难的一些技术。
发明内容
根据本发明,因此提供一种降低有源矩阵场致发光显示器的功耗的方法,该方法包括:控制到所述显示器的电源电压;和监视到所述显示器的电源电流;以及其中,所述控制还包括逐渐降低所述电源电压,直到所述电源电流降低高于一个阈值。
在实施例中,这种方法提供了显示器的增强效率并减少了驱动薄膜晶体管上的应力。这还有助于降低阈值电压随时间的漂移。因此,一般来说,该方法的实施例提供了降低的功耗和/或增加的显示器寿命。
所述电流阈值可以是一个绝对电流值阈值或者是一个相对阈值,诸如例如被确定为对于电源电压的较小变化基本上恒定的电流值的饱和电流的百分比(诸如90%)。可选择地,所述阈值可以根据电源电流的降低率来定义,即例如随着电源电压的逐步降低,电源电流的百分比变化。在另外一个可选择中,可以存储有源矩阵像素(驱动晶体管和场致发光显示元件)的响应曲线,例如存储在非易失性存储器中,而阈值由这种特征曲线上的位置来确定,该曲线再由监视的电源电流来确定。
最好所述监视和控制将所述有源矩阵显示器维持在操作区域中,其中最高受驱的驱动晶体管(也就是说,具有最高驱动的驱动晶体管)正好处于饱和内。最好基本连续执行所述监视和控制,例如在计算机程序控制的反馈环中。
其中所述有源矩阵显示器是彩色显示器,至少具有两种、最好三种不同颜色的子像素,每个子像素可被提供不同的各自电源线,使得用于不同子像素的电源可被基本上独立控制。这是有利的,因为一般来说不同颜色的子像素具有不同的阈值电压,而通过不同的电源线来驱动它们可以为每个提供单独的优化。除此之外或者可选择地,为了沿上面略述的线路进行单独的各自电源控制,显示器的不同空间分离区域可以被提供它们自己的单独电源线。在例如显示器的不同区域基本专用于不同任务的情况下,这可能是有利的。
在实施例中,该方法还控制到显示器的一个或多个像素的驱动水平。这允许进一步降低电源电压提供,否则可能被带出饱和的一个或多个像素的驱动水平被增加以进行补偿。
在本发明的一个相关方面中,提供一种用于有源矩阵场致发光显示驱动器的控制器,所述显示器具有多个像素,每个像素具有场致发光显示元件和相关的驱动晶体管,所述显示器具有用于给所述像素的驱动晶体管提供电源的电源线;所述驱动器包括用显示数据来驱动所述显示器像素的像素数据驱动器、用来向所述电源线提供电源的可控电源电压、和用来感测所述电源线中的电流的电流传感器;所述控制器包括:用于所述电流传感器的电流感测输入;用于所述可控电源的电压控制输出;和电压控制器,用来响应于来自所述电流感测输入的电流感测信号,为所述电压控制输出提供电压控制信号。
最好所述电压控制器被配置成调节所述电源控制信号以便将感测的电流逐渐降低到一个阈值点,并接着调整所述控制信号以便将感测的电流维持在这个阈值点的区域内。通常相对于有源矩阵显示器的地线来确定所述电源电压,尽管它原则上可以相对于某些其它电源线来确定。可选地,所述驱动器可以包含一个电压传感器,用来感测所述电源电压并向控制器提供一个输入,例如所述输入可被用来便于确定所述显示器的操作点。在这种情况下,所述控制器输出还可以响应于所感测的电源电压。
如上所述,所述显示器可以具有多条电源线来驱动显示器的不同部分,诸如显示器的不同子像素或不同空间分离区域,在这种情况下,所述控制器(或各自的控制器)可以控制到每条单独电源线的电源电压。可选地,如上所述,可以根据所述电压控制信号来调整所述像素驱动数据,特别是用来补偿(最困难或最高受驱的驱动晶体管)电源电压的降低。
本发明还提供一种有源矩阵场致发光显示驱动器,其并入上述控制器结合上述像素数据驱动器、可控电压电源以及电流传感器。
在本发明上述所有方面中,所述场致发光显示装置最好包含基于有机发光二极管的显示器,诸如基于小分子、聚合物和/或树形化合物的显示器。
本发明的另一个方面还提供一种如权利要求18所述的有源矩阵OLED显示器,其中,每个所述像素至少包含不同颜色的第一和第二子像素,并且其中,所述两个部分分别包含所述第一和第二子像素。
本发明还提供一种具有处理器控制代码的载体介质,这些代码用来实现上述方法和显示驱动器。这种代码可以包含用诸如C或汇编代码等的传统编程语言(解释或编译)编写的传统程序代码,例如源代码、目标代码或可执行代码、用来创建或控制ASIC(专用集成电路)或FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)的代码、用于诸如Verilog(商标)或VHDL(高速集成电路硬件描述语言)的硬件描述语言的代码。这些代码可以分布于多个互联组件中。载体介质可以包含任何传统存储介质,诸如磁盘或可编程存储器(例如诸如快闪RAM或ROM的固件)、或诸如光或电子信号载体的数据载体。
附图说明
现在以实例的方式,结合附图进一步描述本发明的这些和其它方面,其中:
图1示出有源矩阵OLED像素电路的例子;
图2a和2b分别示出有源矩阵像素电路的TFT驱动晶体管的漏极特性和通用有源矩阵像素电路的驱动部分;
图3示出根据本发明实施例的有源矩阵显示驱动器;以及
图4示出用于图3的驱动器的电源电压控制过程的流程图。
具体实施方式
一般来说,我们将描述一种通过动态监视和调整电源电压来降低有源矩阵OLED显示器的功耗的技术。概括来说,就是对电源电压的降低进行测试并对流出的电流进行监视。电流开始显著下降时的电压是最高受驱TFT正好处于饱和状态内的点。如果接着在该点上维持电源电压,则不需要进行电源电压的附加补贴用于OLED老化(和/或温度效应)和/或可能的TFT过程/特性变化。在实施例中,自动有效电源监视随着时间补偿它,导致TFT上的更低应力并降低功耗。
在某些优选实施例中,通过对红、绿和蓝色子像素电源线提供单独的监视和调整,这些优点得到增强。这是因为每种颜色的操作电压可能明显不同,例如红色子像素需要3.6V的驱动电压,而绿色子像素需要4.2V,以及蓝色子像素需要5.15V,这样,在仅使用单条电源线的情况下至少需要6.15V(允许1V开销用于驱动晶体管顺应性和其它损耗)的电源电压。可选择地,在子像素颜色中的两种具有相似的IV特性(例如红色和绿色子像素)而只有一种不同(例如蓝色子像素)的情况下,将可提供两个而不是三个子像素电源)。这可以简化在显示器玻璃(衬底)上路由的电极线路,这在某些时候是重要的。
另外或者可选择的,在峰值发光并由此驱动水平可在显示器的不同区域显著(和系统地)变化的应用中,显示器的子部分可以被分别提供和监视,进而可以作出更多的节省。
除了上述技术外,还可能进一步降低电源电压并通过在响应中提高相应栅极电压来补偿某些驱动晶体管上的更低OLED驱动电流。这最好利用该驱动晶体管的(平均)电特性的知识来完成,使得该信息(实际上一个图表)可以被用来确定补偿特定电源电压降低所需的栅极电压的提高。这种特性例如可以被保存在驱动器中的非易失性存储器中。
图3示出用于有源矩阵显示器302的显示驱动器的框图300,其被配置成根据可用的有源矩阵像素驱动电压来控制Vss,以提高显示器和驱动器组合的功率效率。
在图3中,有源矩阵显示器302具有多个行电极304a-e和多个列电极308a-e,它们每个连接到各自内部行线306和列线310上,为了清楚起见,仅示出两个。还提供电源(Vss)312和地线318连接,也被连接到各自内部导线314和316上以向显示器的像素供电。为了清楚起见,仅说明了单个像素320,如所示那样,其连接到Vss、地线、行线和列线314、316、306和310上。应当知道的是,在实际中通常但又不是必要的提供多个这种像素,它们被排列在矩形网格中并通过行和列电极304、308来寻址。该有源矩阵像素320可以包含任何传统有源矩阵像素驱动电路。
操作时,通过适当驱动行电极304来依次选择有源矩阵显示器302的每一行,并且对于每一行,通过使用亮度数据来最好同时驱动列电极308,来设置行中每个像素的亮度。如上所述,这个亮度数据可以包含电流或电压。一旦一行中的像素的亮度已经被设置,可选择下一行并重复该过程,所述有源矩阵像素包含存储元件,通常是一个电容,用来即使没有被选中时也维持所述行发亮。一旦数据被写入整个显示器,仅需要根据像素亮度的变化来更新显示器。
显示器的电源由电池324和电源单元322提供,以提供调整后的Vss输出328。电源322具有一个电压控制输入326,用来控制输出323上的电压。电源322最好是通常在微秒时间标度上快速控制输出电压328的开关式电源,其中,电源操作在1MHZ或更高的开关频率。使用开关式电源还可以便于使用低电池电压,其可以被逐步增加到所需Vss水平,从而有助于与例如低压消耗电子设备的兼容性。
由行选择驱动器330根据控制输入332来驱动行选择电极304。同样,由列数据驱动器334响应于数据输入336来驱动列电极308。在说明的实施例中,每个列电极由可调恒流生成器340驱动,生成器340再由耦合到输入336的数模转换器338来控制。为了清楚起见,仅示出一个这种恒流生成器。
恒流生成器340具有用来流出或流入基本上恒定电流的电流输出344。恒流生成器340被连接到电源驱动Vdriver 342,其可能等于Vss并被连接到Vss,或者可能比Vss高(这里比Vss更负)以允许有源矩阵像素320比Vss更大地驱动。例如可以通过来自电源单元322的单独输出来提供电压Vdriver。
图3中说明的显示驱动器的实施例示出电流控制的有源矩阵显示器,其中,列电极电流被用来设置像素亮度。应当知道,还可以通过对列数据驱动器334使用电压而不是电流驱动器,来实现电压控制的有源矩阵显示器,其中,由列线上的电压来设置像素的亮度。
行选择驱动器330的控制输入332和列数据驱动器334的数据输入336均由显示器驱动逻辑电路346驱动,在某些实施例中,逻辑电路346包括微处理器。显示器驱动逻辑346由时钟348定时,并且在所说明的实施例中,访问帧存储器350。通过数据总线352,将用于显示器302上的显示的像素亮度和/或颜色数据写入显示器驱动逻辑346和/或帧存储器350。
显示驱动逻辑具有由电流感测装置354的输出驱动的感测输入356。例如,这可以包括被配置成感测电阻两端的电压降的模数转换器。这可以被用来监视由显示器从电源322的输出328吸取的电流。在其中多条电源线被监视的实施例中,可以使用多个转换器或者一个多路转换器。可选地(未在图3中示出),还可以监视电源电压Vss。
显示驱动逻辑346(它可以在存储的程序控制下由处理器实现或者以硬件或者这两者的结合实现)包含电流感测单元358和电源控制器360(在这个例子中两者都由存储在非易失性存储器中的处理器控制代码来实现)。电流感测单元358在感测输入356上输入电流信号,以及电源控制器360向电源单元322的输入326输出电压控制信号,以便响应于感测的输入电压来控制电源电压Vss。下面参照图4更详细描述电源控制器的操作。
图4示出在用来驱动有源矩阵显示器的显示驱动器的实施例中由电源控制器360实现的过程的流程图。通用的过程适用于电流和电压编程的有源矩阵显示器。
参照图4,在步骤S400,显示器控制器346输入电流感测信号,接着与控制条件相比较(步骤S402)。这个控制条件包含确定所述电流是否已经开始显著降低的测试,并且在一个实施例中,可以通过确定自前一个测试以来感测电流在绝对值或者百分数上的变化来实现,并接着将它与诸如2%、5%、10%的阈值相比较。
如果与该控制条件的比较表明,例如因为电流的变化小于一个预定阈值,电源电压可被降低而TFT驱动晶体管饱和状态没有显著损失,那么接着在步骤S404降低Vss,接着该过程返回到步骤S400。然而,如果与控制条件的比较表明,一个或多个具有最高驱动(其应当最接近饱和状态)的TFT驱动晶体管正在偏离饱和状态,那么在步骤S406升高Vss,接着该过程再次返回到步骤S400。
本领域技术人员应当知道,根据特定应用可以使用多种条件作为控制条件。在有源矩阵显示器具有例如用于显示器的两个或更多单独子像素的两个或更多单独电源线的实施例中,那么可以针对每个单独电源线,使用在图4中示出的可选地具有不同控制条件的单独控制环。
毫无疑问,对于本领域技术人员来说,还可以出现许多其它有效替代方式。应当理解,本发明并不局限于所述实施例,还包含在下文所附的权利要求的精神和范围之内对于本领域技术人员来说是显然的修改。
Claims (14)
1.一种降低有源矩阵场致发光显示器的功耗的方法,所述方法包含:
控制到所述显示器的电源电压;和
监视到所述显示器的电源电流;以及
其中,所述控制还包含:逐渐降低所述电源电压,直到所述电源电流降低大于一个阈值,其中,所述有源矩阵场致发光显示器包含多个像素,每个像素具有一个驱动晶体管;并且其中,所述监视和控制包括至少周期地监视所述电源电流并控制所述电源电压,以维持所述有源矩阵场致发光显示器处于操作区域中,在所述操作区域中,多个驱动晶体管中具有最高驱动水平的驱动晶体管正好处于饱和状态内。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述有源矩阵场致发光显示器是彩色显示器,所述显示器的每个像素至少包含不同颜色的第一和第二子像素,第一和第二子像素具有各自不同的电源线,并且其中,所述方法包含:分离每个所述子像素电源线的所述控制和监视。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述有源矩阵场致发光显示器具有多个空间分区,每个分区具有各自单独的电源线,并且其中,所述方法包含:分离每个所述空间分区电源线的所述控制和监视。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:控制对所述显示器的一个或多个像素的驱动水平,以补偿所述电源电压的降低。
5.一种用于驱动有源矩阵场致发光显示器的有源矩阵显示驱动器,所述有源矩阵场致发光显示器包括多个像素,每个像素具有一个驱动晶体管,所述驱动器包含:
用于控制到所述显示器的电源电压的装置;和
用于监视到所述显示器的电源电流的装置;并且
其中,所述用于控制的装置还包含:用于逐渐降低所述电源电压直到所述电源电流降低大于一个阈值的装置,
其中,所述用于监视的装置操作成至少周期地监视所述电源电流,所述用于控制的装置操作成控制所述电源电压,以维持所述有源矩阵场致发光显示器处于操作区域中,在所述操作区域中,多个驱动晶体管中具有最高驱动水平的驱动晶体管正好处于饱和状态内。
6.如权利要求5所述的有源矩阵显示驱动器,其中,所述用于控制电源电压的装置被配置成逐渐降低所述电源电流到阈值点。
7.如权利要求6所述的有源矩阵显示驱动器,其中,所述用于控制电源电压的装置进一步被配置成调整电压控制信号,以便维持所述电源电流在所述阈值点附近。
8.如权利要求7所述的有源矩阵显示驱动器,其中,所述阈值点包括多个驱动晶体管中具有最高驱动水平的驱动晶体管正好处于饱和状态内的点。
9.如权利要求5所述的有源矩阵显示驱动器,其中,所述驱动器进一步包括用来感测电源线上的电压的电压传感器,其中,所述用于控制的装置进一步包含一个用于所述电压传感器的电压感测输入;以及其中,电压控制输出响应于所述电压感测输入上的感测电压信号。
10.如权利要求5所述的有源矩阵显示驱动器,用于具有多条电源线的显示器;其中,所述驱动器被配置成向所述多条电源线单独提供多个可控电源,并且感测所述多条电源线中的电流;并且其中,所述用于控制的装置被配置成响应于各条电源线中的电流,来单独控制所述多条电源线的每个电源线上的电源电压。
11.一种有源矩阵OLED显示器,包含多个像素和权利要求5所述的显示驱动器,每个像素具有OLED显示元件和相关驱动晶体管。
12.如权利要求11所述的有源矩阵OLED显示器,其中,所述显示器包含至少两个部分,所述至少两个部分具有各自的用于向所述驱动晶体管供电的电源线。
13.如权利要求12所述的有源矩阵OLED显示器,其中,每个像素至少包含不同颜色的第一和第二子像素,并且其中,所述两个部分分别包含所述第一和第二子像素。
14.如权利要求12或13所述的有源矩阵OLED显示器,其中,所述部分包含所述显示器的多个空间分离的子分区。
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- 2006-08-25 GB GB0803778A patent/GB2443372B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-25 KR KR1020087006009A patent/KR101329913B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2006-08-25 DE DE112006002427.2T patent/DE112006002427B4/de active Active
- 2006-08-25 CN CN200680033393XA patent/CN101263543B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-25 US US12/065,575 patent/US8860708B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Patent Citations (5)
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US5594463A (en) * | 1993-07-19 | 1997-01-14 | Pioneer Electronic Corporation | Driving circuit for display apparatus, and method of driving display apparatus |
CN1409403A (zh) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-09 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | 发光器件和使用该器件的电子设备 |
GB2389951A (en) * | 2002-06-18 | 2003-12-24 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Display driver circuits for active matrix OLED displays |
CN1521720A (zh) * | 2003-01-29 | 2004-08-18 | 胜园科技股份有限公司 | 主动式有机发光二极管显示器的数字驱动方法及装置 |
EP1450345A2 (en) * | 2003-02-19 | 2004-08-25 | Tohoku Pioneer Corporation | Active drive type light emitting display device and drive control method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112006002427B4 (de) | 2016-06-02 |
WO2007031704A1 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
DE112006002427T5 (de) | 2008-06-26 |
TW200727246A (en) | 2007-07-16 |
CN101263543A (zh) | 2008-09-10 |
US8860708B2 (en) | 2014-10-14 |
GB0803778D0 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
GB2443372A (en) | 2008-04-30 |
US20090201281A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
KR101329913B1 (ko) | 2013-11-14 |
TWI419115B (zh) | 2013-12-11 |
GB2443372B (en) | 2010-04-28 |
JP2009508171A (ja) | 2009-02-26 |
GB0518541D0 (en) | 2005-10-19 |
GB2430069A (en) | 2007-03-14 |
KR20080045192A (ko) | 2008-05-22 |
JP5261182B2 (ja) | 2013-08-14 |
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