CN101244713A - 塑料模制件及制造塑料模制件的方法 - Google Patents

塑料模制件及制造塑料模制件的方法 Download PDF

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CN101244713A
CN101244713A CNA2008100081516A CN200810008151A CN101244713A CN 101244713 A CN101244713 A CN 101244713A CN A2008100081516 A CNA2008100081516 A CN A2008100081516A CN 200810008151 A CN200810008151 A CN 200810008151A CN 101244713 A CN101244713 A CN 101244713A
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CN101244713B (zh
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康拉德·福斯特霍弗
赫尔曼·梅尔茨
奥利弗·贝格尔
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SMP Deutschland GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B29C67/004—Closing perforations or small holes, e.g. using additional moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种塑料模制件及制造塑料模制件的方法，通过一种简单的方式密封一个装饰薄膜中为气囊开口而设计的规定断开线，从而防止所述规定断开线粘贴，从而保证一个可靠的气囊功能。本发明的材料是一种塑料模制件，其中，在装饰薄膜上的构成自行展开的气囊的一个气囊开口的规定断开线中形成封闭。

Description

塑料模制件及制造塑料模制件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种塑料模制件及制造塑料模制件的方法，该塑料模制件为用于汽车的安全气囊封盖，该塑料模制件尤其是指汽车仪表板、侧挡板或者横梁罩，具有一个整体做成的气囊封盖，所述气囊封盖由塑料模制件背面的规定断开线界定。
背景技术
汽车的模制件，例如仪表盘、侧挡板或者横梁罩通常由多层构成，并且至少由一个造型外层或者装饰层以及一个支撑层构成。在汽车的高档装配部件的情况下，一般在所述装饰层与支撑层之间还安排一个中间层，所述中间层往往实施为聚氨基甲酸酯泡沫。
这样构成的模制件例如在DE 10 2004 030 786 A1中的说明。
如果这样的塑料模制件装配在汽车中盖住一个气囊，就要通过在所述塑料模制件的背侧的规定断开线或者穿孔线规定出开口，其中把所述断开限定线实施得使之在装饰膜的朝向汽车内部的一侧上看不出来。一个通常的做法是，首先把所述对应的规定断开线加工在所述装饰膜的背侧上，为此可使用一个铣刀、一个静止的或者振动的刀片、一个热刀或者还可以使用一个激光束。
切割所述规定断开线可以借助于超声波进行，其中用一个手术刀样的刀片在所述装饰层的背侧表层上切割，或者所述切割借助于一个脉冲的激光束进行，同样可以借助于刮刀引入规定断开位置。
而且，装饰膜的衬垫泡沫，例如具有聚氨甲酸酯的泡沫，可能使切口内由于挤入聚氨甲酸酯而粘合在所述装饰膜中，从而有丢失气囊功能的风险。
该问题的公知解决方案在于，在所述切口中引入阻止粘贴的分隔物件。从而在DE202 15 642U1中说明了一种切割热塑材料的切割工具，所述切割刀进行切割同时引入一种分隔介质，以防止切口边缘的粘贴。然而这种对应的装置需要相对较高的耗费，并且在该方法中还存在所述分隔介质本身就相对昂贵的缺点。此外引入所述分隔介质还存在由于扩宽了所述规定断开线，从而可能使之呈现在所述装饰面一侧的风险。
发明内容
本发明提供一种塑料模制件，可以防止临近衬垫泡沫的规定断开线粘合，其保护规定断开线不会因为挤入的泡沫粘合，同时也相应确保规定断开线不会显露在装饰面一侧。
为解决上述提出的问题，本发明提供一种安全气囊封盖及其制造方法。
本发明采用一种公知的切割技术，例如激光切割、冷切割或者热切割或者超声波切割加工制造，并通过拉伸、浇铸或者用沥铸加工工艺制造装饰薄膜，以在所述装饰面下侧构成一个规定断开线。在接着的加工步骤中，通过热处理封闭构成为切口的规定断开线。在此应当如此地实施所述封闭，使得能够保持可靠的气囊功能，就是说，只进行表面的封闭或者进行所述规定断开切口的焊接，而所述规定断开线本身实质上保持不变从而保证气囊功能。对此的前提是，在装饰背侧的表面上进行一个小心的热处理，必须避免深化作用，而且也不会出现所述规定断开线的粘贴。
根据一个有利的实施方式，借助于一个热空气喷口或者用热射线进行所述热封闭，优选地由一个机器人控制。通过准确地调节所述热空气流或者射线强度，热空气的温度、喷口或者射线源与所述装饰表面的间距，以及所述喷口或者所述射线源在封闭所述断开线时的运行速度，只在所述规定断开线的上侧边缘区域，通过熔解所述装饰薄膜的热塑材料，构成一种栓塞，封闭所述规定断开线，同时避免规定断开线粘合。
所述方法可以普遍地用于通过加热熔化的热塑材料制造的装饰薄膜。尤其适用于热塑材料，例如：聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚酰氨(PA)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚甲基丙烯酸酯(PMA)以及其它。该方法特别的优点在于，不需要任何附加的材料封闭所述规定断开线，因为优选地用种类适当的材料构成封闭所述规定断开线的栓塞。所述热封闭的另一个可能性在于，借助于一个热载体，例如一个金属的热元件，在规定断开位置的区域所述装饰薄膜的下侧进行表面处理。在这种情况下也是把所述温度、间距和走行速度调节得避免规定断开线粘合，并且只表面覆盖所述规定断开线，从而不会有泡沫挤入所述穿孔中而引起所述穿孔或者规定断开线粘合，或者两个切割侧互相挤压，导致所述规定断开位置显示在装饰面一侧或者导致所述气囊的功能故障。在封闭所述装饰薄膜以后以通常的方式完成所述塑料模制件，其中在装饰薄膜后面填有泡沫，并且与一个形状稳定的支撑层连接。在此优选地用聚氨基甲酸酯做泡沫层，当然也可以采用其它泡沫。
在制造和硬化所述塑料模制件以后，同样地在所述泡沫层和支撑层中加工出规定断开位置，其中在所述装饰层的规定断开线与所述泡沫层和支撑层之间的规定断开线之间没有直接的连接，而是把这两个内层的穿孔实施为构成聚氨基甲酸酯泡沫制造的一种桥接片，用以稳定共同的薄化区域中的模制件，从而避免在装饰面一侧显示出规定断开线。
附图说明
下面参照一个附图说明本发明。
图1示出一个装饰薄膜的横剖面。
具体实施方式
所述装饰薄膜由示出为汽车车厢内的可见侧的装饰面一侧4和一个沿气囊方向安排的装饰面下侧5构成，在装饰面下侧5中，具有由切口形成的被封闭3密封的规定断开线2。
如图1示出的实施形式，本发明通过例如由简单的沥铸方式形成的单层的装饰薄膜。此外本发明还可以通过例如由双层沥铸工艺制造的那样多层的装饰薄膜，所谓的双层沥铸加工工艺是在所述装饰面下侧构成一个附加的泡沫层，由此稳定整个的装饰薄膜，并且改善所述装饰薄膜的触觉感。在多层的实施方式中所述装饰薄膜也用单一的材料类型制造，其中只改变加工方式，并且紧密地构成一个装饰面一侧，而可以只把装饰面下侧实施成透气的泡沫。还有在双层实施所述装饰薄膜的情况下，所述热封闭被实施只形成在装饰面下侧所述穿孔或者规定断开线的边界区域，用一个可熔种类的适当的材料制造薄膜封闭，例如，只有在所述装饰薄膜的下侧的泡沫层是可熔的。
因为所述热封闭要求进行非常准确的加工，以避免由于过强的热引入所造成的粘贴，一个优选的实施方式是，所述封闭通过一个机器人控制，以准确地调节温度、时间和封闭用的工具，例如热空气喷嘴或者加热元件的速度。

Claims (10)

1.一种塑料模制件，尤其是一种汽车的内罩，包含
一个装饰薄膜(1)，所述装饰薄膜具有至少一个自行展开的气囊用的气囊开口，该气囊开口通过切口和/或穿孔所构成的在所述装饰面下侧(5)上的规定断开线(2)提供；
一个支撑件和；
一个安排在所述支撑件与所述装饰薄膜之间的泡沫层，其特征在于，
构成在所述装饰薄膜(1)中的规定断开线(2)具有一个封闭(3)。
2.如权利要求1所述的塑料模制件，其特征在于，在所述装饰薄膜(1)中的断开线(2)的所述封闭(3)由特定的材料构成。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的塑料模制件，其特征在于，装饰薄膜的原材料包含一种热塑塑料，例如聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰氨、聚乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯等等。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的塑料造型部分，其特征在于，所述泡沫层包含一种聚氨基甲酸酯泡沫。
5.制造塑料模制件的方法，包含以下步骤：
制造一个由热塑塑料制造的装饰薄膜(1)；
在装饰薄膜(1)的装饰面下侧(5)上构成一个切口和/或一种穿孔形式的规定断开线(2)；
和装饰薄膜(1)的衬垫泡沫，
其特征在于，在所述衬垫泡沫前热封闭所述规定断开线(2)。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热封闭借助于一个热喷嘴进行。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，借助于一种热载体进行所述热封闭。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，通过把所述装饰薄膜与作为热载体的金属加热元件直接接触进行热封闭。
9.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，借助于一个射线源进行所述热封闭。
10.如权利要求5至8之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热封闭通过机器人控制。
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