CN101228227A - 聚乙烯组合物 - Google Patents
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
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- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
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Abstract
本文公开了一种聚乙烯组合物。该组合物包含高分子量聚乙烯组分和低分子量聚乙烯组分。该低分子量组分集中分布有长支链。与长支链集中分布于高分子量组分的聚乙烯组合物相比,本发明组合物具有优良的流变性能和物理性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及设定有长链支化的聚乙烯。更具体地说,本发明涉及具有集中在低分子量组分中的长支链的聚乙烯组合物。
背景技术
高分子量聚乙烯具有改进的机械性能,但难以加工。另一方面,低分子量聚乙烯具有改进的加工性能,但机械性能不良。因此,希望能获得双峰分子量分布或多峰分子量分布的聚乙烯,这是由于这种聚乙烯既具有高分子量的良好的机械性能,又具有低分子量的改进的加工性能。
制备多峰聚乙烯的方法是已知的。例如,采用Ziegler催化剂通过串联的两个或多个反应器来制备双峰或多峰聚乙烯的方法。一般来说,在第一反应器中,在高浓度氢的条件下形成低分子量乙烯均聚物。在将产物送入第二反应器前应除去第一反应器中的氢。在第二反应器中,制成高分子量乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物。
金属茂或单点催化剂在制备多峰聚乙烯中也是众所周知的。例如,美国专利6861415介绍了多催化剂体系。该催化剂体系包含催化剂A与催化剂B。催化剂A包括有载体的桥连茚并吲哚基过渡金属络合物。催化剂B包括有载体的非桥连茚并吲哚基过渡金属络合物。该催化剂体系用来制造具有双峰或多峰分子量分布的聚乙烯。
提高长链支化度可改善聚乙烯的加工性能也是众所周知的。例如,WO 93/08221介绍了如何采用可限形状单点催化剂来提高聚乙烯中的长链支化集中度的方法。美国专利6583240介绍了采用包含硼芳基配体的单点催化剂来制备具有高长链支化的聚乙烯的方法。
在高分子量组分中分布有长支链的多峰聚乙烯是众所周知的。例如,WO 03/037941介绍了一种两步法。在第一步,制备具有高长链支化的高分子量聚乙烯。在第二步制备基本上不含长支链的较低分子量聚乙烯。
虽然高分子量组分中分布有长支链可使多峰聚乙烯具有改进的加工性能,但我们已发现,这类多峰聚乙烯的机械性能如抗环境应力开裂性不够理想。因而需要新的多峰聚乙烯。理想的是,这种多峰聚乙烯应当既具有改进的加工性能,又具有改进的机械性能。
发明内容
本发明是一种设定有长链支化的聚乙烯组合物。该聚乙烯组合物包含较高分子量组分和较低分子量组分。较低分子量组分具有较高含量的长支链。该组合物具有优良的加工性能和机械性能。
具体实施方式
本发明的聚乙烯组合物包含较高分子量聚乙烯组分和较低分子量聚乙烯组分。较低分子量组分具有较高含量的长支链。
分子量和分子量分布可通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)来测定。另一方面,可用熔体指数来表征分子量和分子量分布。熔体指数(MI2)通常用来量度分子量,而熔体流动比率(MFR)用来量度分子量分布。MI2越高表示分子量越低。MFR越高表示分子量分布越宽。MFR是高载荷熔体指数(HLMI)与MI2之比。MI2与HLMI可按照ASTMD-1238方法来测定。MI2是在190℃、2.16千克载荷下测定的。而HLMI是在190℃,21.6千克载荷下测定的。
优选的是,较高分子量组分的MI2低于0.5分克/分钟。更优选的是,较高分子量组分的MI2为0.01-0.5分克/分钟。最优选的是,较高分子量组分的MI2为0.01-0.1分克/分钟。
优选的是,较低分子量组分的MI2高于或等于0.5分克/分钟。更优选的是,较低分子量组分的MI2为0.5-500分克/分钟。最优选的是,较低分子量组分的MI2为0.5-50分克/分钟。
优选的是,该聚乙烯组合物具有多峰分子量分布。所谓“多峰分子量分布”指的是该组合物具有两个或两个以上的峰分子量。更优选的是,聚乙烯组合物具有双峰分子量分布。
本发明的聚乙烯组合物中的低分子量组分中有较高含量的长支链。可通过NMR、3D-GPC和流变学方法测定长支链。虽然NMR方法可直接测定支链数,但它不能鉴别六个碳原子支链或六个碳原子以上的支链。可进行特性粘度和光散射检测的3D-GPC能计算出在指定的回转半径内质量明显增加的所有支链。流变学方法特别适用于检测低含量长支链。
长支链的含量可通过长支链指数(LCBI)来量度。LCBI是用来表征低含量长支链的流变学指数。LCBI的定义如下:
式中,η0是在190℃下的极限零剪切粘度(泊),[η]是于135℃,在三氯苯中的特性粘度(分升/克)。LCBI是基于对其它线形聚合物的观察结果:少量长支链会导致熔体粘度η0大幅上升,而特性粘度[η]保持不变。参见R.N.Shroff和H.Mavridis,“Long-chain-BranchingIndex for Essentially Linear Polyethylenes”,Macromolecules,Vol.32(25),pp.8454-8464(1999)。LCBI越高表示每一聚合物链中长支链的数量越多。
优选的是,较高分子量组分的LCBI低于0.5。更优选的是,较高分子量组分基本上不含长支链。
优选的是,较低分子量组分的LCBI高于或等于0.5。更优选的是,较低分子量组分的LCBI为0.5-1.0。
优选的较高分子量组分包括采用钛基Ziegler催化剂制备的聚乙烯。适用的Ziegler催化剂包括卤化钛、烷氧基钛以及它们的混合物。适用于Ziegler催化剂的活化剂包括三烷基铝化合物和二烷基铝卤化物,如三乙基铝、三甲基铝、二乙基铝氯化物等。
优选的较高分子量组分包括采用非桥连茚并吲哚基过渡金属络合物制备的单点聚乙烯。优选的是,该非桥连茚并吲哚基过渡金属络合物的通式结构为:
R选自烷基,芳基,芳烷基,硼烷基和甲硅烷基基团;M是4-6族过渡金属;L选自取代或未取代的环戊二烯基,茚基,芴基,硼芳基,吡咯基,azaborolinyl,喹啉基,茚并吲哚基和膦亚胺;X选自烷基,芳基,烷氧基,芳氧基,卤化物,二烷基氨基和甲硅烷氧基基团,n需满足M的化合价;环的其余原子中的一个或多个原子可任选地被烷基、芳基、芳烷基、烷芳基,甲硅烷基,卤素,烷氧基,芳氧基,甲硅烷氧基,硝基,二烷基氨基或二芳基氨基基团所取代。
优选的较低分子量组分包括由自由基聚合制备的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)。LDPE的制备在技术上是众所周知的。LDPE已知具有支化结构。
优选的较低分子量组分包括采用铬催化剂于淤浆法或气相法制备的高密度聚乙烯。铬催化剂是已知的。参见美国专利6632896。已知以淤浆法和气相法制备的铬聚乙烯具有长链支化结构,而由溶液法制备的铬聚乙烯基本上是线形的。
优选的较低分子量组分包括采用钒基Ziegler催化剂制备的聚乙烯。钒基Ziegler催化剂是已知的。参见美国专利5534472。已知钒基Ziegler聚乙烯具有长链支化结构。
优选的较低分子量组分包括采用桥连茚并吲哚基过渡金属络合物制备的单点聚乙烯。优选的是,该络合物具有下述I、II、III或IV通式结构:
M是过滤金属;G是选自二烷基甲硅烷基,二芳基甲硅烷基,亚甲基,亚乙基,亚异丙基和二苯基亚甲基的桥基;L是与G、M共价键合的配体;R选自烷基、芳基、芳烷基、硼烷基和甲硅烷基;X选自烷基,芳基,烷氧基,芳氧基,卤化物,二烷基氨基和甲硅烷氧基基团;n需满足金属M的化合价;环的其余原子中的一个或多个原子可任选地分别被烷基、芳基、芳烷基、烷芳基、甲硅烷基、卤素、烷氧基、芳氧基、甲硅烷氧基、硝基、二烷基氨基或二芳基氨基基团所取代。
优选的是,聚乙烯组合物包括采用钛基Ziegler催化剂制备的较高分子量的高密度聚乙烯和采用铬催化剂以淤浆法或气相法制备的较低分子量的高密度聚乙烯。
优选的是,聚乙烯组合物包括采用钛基Ziegler催化剂制备的较高分子量的高密度聚乙烯和采用包括桥连茚并吲哚基过渡金属络合物的单点催化剂制备的较低分子量的高密度聚乙烯。
可通过热混合高分子量组分与低分子量组分制备本发明的聚乙烯组合物。可在挤出机中或任何一种适用的其它共混设备中实施该混合。
可通过并联的多反应器工艺来制得该聚乙烯组合物。现以两反应器工艺为例来进行说明。在一个反应器中制备较高分子量组分,在另一个反应器中制备较低分子量组分。在造粒前,将该两聚合物在这两反应器之一中或在第三反应器中进行混合。
聚乙烯组合物可通过依次排列的多反应器工艺来制得。现以两个依次排列的反应器为例进行说明。先在第一反应器中制备较低分子量组分。然后将该较低分子量组分转移到第二反应器中,以在此连续进行聚合原地制备高分子量组分。或者,可在第一反应器中制备高分子量组分,而可在第二反应器中制备低分子量组分。
聚乙烯组合物也可通过多步法制备。现以两步法为例进行说明。第一步是先在反应器中制备较高分子量组分。然后在该反应器中继续进行聚合以制备较低分子量组分。或者,可在第一步先制备较低分子量组分,然后可在第二步再制备较高分子量组分。
优选的是,聚乙烯组合物中较高分子量组分与较低分子量组分的重量比为10/90-90/10。更优选的是,该组合物中较高分子量组分与较低分子量组分的重量比为30/70-70/30。
我们已经意外地发现,本发明的聚乙烯组合物的特征在于长支链集中分布在较低分子量组分中,与长支链集中分布在较高分子量组分中的聚乙烯组合物相比,具有优良的流变性能如熔体弹性(Er)和物理性能如耐环境应力开裂(ESCR)。可按ASTM D1693测定ESCR。通常,ESCR值是在10%或100%lgepal溶液中测定的。
可按照ASTM 4440-95a进行流变性能测定,该方法是以扫频模式测定动态流变学数据。采用Rheometrics ARES流变仪,在150-190℃下以平行平板模式在氮气条件下操作以降低试样的氧化。平行板结构中的间隙通常为1.2-1.4毫米,板的直径为25毫米或50毫米,应变的幅度为10-20%。频率为0.0251-398.1弧度/秒。
ER是通过Shroff等人的方法(见美国专利5534472,第10栏,第20-30行)进行测定。由此测定储能模量(G′)和损耗模量(G″)。采用九个最低频率点(每十进位频率五个点),并以log G′对log G″进行最小二乘回归拟合线性方程,然后按下式计算ER,当G″=5000达因/厘米2时:
ER=(1.781×10-3)×G′
技术熟练人员都知道,当最低的G″值高于5000达因/厘米2时,ER的确定包括外推法。然后算得的ER值随log G′对log G″曲线的非线性程度而定。
ER测定时的温度、平板直径和频率范围的选择,应在流变仪的分辨力范围内使最低的G″值接近或低于5000达因/厘米2。下面的实施例中采用的温度为190℃,平板直径为50毫米,应变幅度为10%,频率为0.0251-398.1弧度/秒。
本发明的聚乙烯组合物可通过注塑、吹塑、滚塑和压塑方法适用于制成制品。该聚乙烯组合物也可用来制造薄膜、挤出涂敷、管材、片材和纤维。可从树脂制成的产品包括杂品袋、垃圾袋、购物袋、筒、框、洗涤剂瓶、玩具、冷饮瓶(cooler)、波纹管、家用包裹材料、船运货物包封材料、保护性包装材料、绳和缆索以及许多其它产品。
下面实施例只用来对本发明进行说明。技术熟练人员会知道在本发明精神及权利要求书范围内的多种改变。
实施例1
长链支链集中分布在低分子量组分中的聚乙烯组合物。
高分子量组分:MI2为0.075分克/分钟,密度为0.949,LCBI为0.48,通过钛基Ziegler催化剂(L 4907,Equistar Chemicals的产品)制备。
低分子量组分:MI2为0.8分克/分钟,密度为0.960克/厘米3,长链支链指数(LCBI)为0.58,通过铬催化剂以淤浆法制备(LM 6007,Equistar Chemicals的产品)。
对照实施例2
长链支链集中分布在高分子量组分中的聚乙烯组合物。
高分子量组分:MI2为0.1分克/分钟,密度为0.950,LCBI为0.96,通过铬催化剂以淤浆法制备(LP5100,Equistar Chemicals的产品)。
低分子量组分:MI2为0.95分克/分钟,密度为0.958克/厘米3,长支链指数(LCBI)为0.27,通过钛基催化剂制备(M6210,EquistarChemicals的产品)。
实施例3
长支链集中分布在低分子量组分中的聚乙烯组合物。
高分子量组分:MI2为0.08分克/分钟,密度为0.950,LCBI为0.34,通过钛基Ziegler催化剂制备(L 5008,Equistar Chemicals的产品)。
低分子量组分:MI2为0.8分克/分钟,密度为0.960克/厘米3,长支链指数(LCBI)为0.58,通过铬催化剂以淤浆法制备(LM6007)。
对照实施例4
长支链集中分布在高分子量组分中的聚乙烯组合物。
高分子量组分:MI2为0.1分克/分钟,密度为0.950,LCBI为0.96,通过铬催化剂以淤浆法制备(LP 5100,Equistar Chemicals的产品)。
低分子量组分:MI2为0.70分克/分钟,密度为0.960克/厘米3,长支链指数(LCBI)为0,通过钛基催化剂制备(M 6070,EquistarChemicals的产品)。
上述实施例的聚乙烯组合物是分别由这些组分在挤塑机中经充分混合而制成。对这些聚乙烯组合物进行流变性能和抗环境应力开裂的试验(ESCR)。以多种共混物制成的瓶子进行该ESCR试验。瓶子是通过吹塑法制成的。试验结果列于表1中。由表1可见,本发明长支链集中分布在低分子量组分中的聚乙烯组合物(实施例1和3)的Er和ESCR远高于长支链集中分布在高分子量组分中的聚乙烯组合物(对照实施例2和4)。
表1 聚乙烯组合物的流变、抗环境应力开裂的性能
实施例No. | LCB的位置 | MI2dg/min | 密度g/cm3 | Er | η0×10-6泊 | η100×10-4泊 | 零离模膨胀(%) | 重致膨胀模口间隙(50g) | OFI秒-1 | 瓶的ESCR小时 |
1 | LMW | 0.21 | 0.956 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 261 | 27 | 831 | 39 |
C2 | HMW | 0.33 | 0.954 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 288 | 15 | 638 | 30 |
3 | LMW | 0.20 | 0.957 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 1.4 | 276 | 25 | 993 | 60 |
C4 | HMW | 0.24 | 0.955 | 2.9 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 267 | 17 | 308 | 8 |
(1)η0:在0剪切速率下测定的复数粘度
(2)η100:在100弧度/秒下测定的复数粘度
(3)离模膨胀是挤出物直径相对于进行挤出的模口直径之比。所列数值是采用Instron 3211毛细管流变仪,毛细管直径为0.0301英寸,长为1.00英寸测定的。
(4)OFI:熔体破裂指数
Claims (19)
1.一种包含较高分子量聚乙烯组分和较低分子量聚乙烯组分的组合物,其中较低分子量组分比较高分子量组分具有较高含量的长支链。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中较高分子量组分的熔体指数(MI2)低于0.5分克/分钟,长支链指数(LCBI)低于0.5,较低分子量组分的MI2高于或等于0.5分克/分钟,LCBI高于或等于0.5。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中较高分子量组分MI2为0.01-0.5分克/分钟,基本上不含长支链,较低分子量组分的MI2为0.5-50分克/分钟,LCBI为0.5-1。
4.权利要求1的组合物,其中较高分子量组分选自采用钛基Ziegler催化剂制备的聚乙烯和采用含非桥连茚并吲哚基配体的单点催化剂制备的聚乙烯。
5.权利要求1的组合物,其中较低分子量组分选自由自由基聚合制备的聚乙烯、采用铬催化剂以淤浆法或气相法聚合制备的聚乙烯、采用钒基Ziegler催化剂制备的聚乙烯和采用含桥连茚并吲哚基配体的单点催化剂制备的聚乙烯。
6.权利要求1的组合物,其中较高分子量组分是采用钛基Ziegler催化剂制备的高密度聚乙烯,而较低分子量组分是采用铬催化剂以淤浆法或气相法制备的高密度聚乙烯。
7.权利要求1的组合物,其中较高分子量组分是采用钛基Ziegler催化剂制备的高密度聚乙烯,而较低分子量聚乙烯是采用含桥连茚并吲哚基配体的单点催化剂制备的高密度聚乙烯。
8.权利要求1的组合物,其中较高分子量组分是采用钛基Ziegler催化剂制备的高密度聚乙烯,较低分子量聚乙烯是采用钒基Ziegler催化剂制备的高密度聚乙烯。
9.权利要求1的组合物,具有多峰分子量分布。
10.权利要求1的组合物,具有双峰分子量分布。
11.权利要求1的组合物,较高分子量组分与较低分子量组分的重量比为10/90-90/10。
12.权利要求1的组合物,较高分子量组分与较低分子量组分的重量比为30/70-70/30。
13.一种制备权利要求1组合物的方法,所述方法包括将较高分子量组分与较低分子量组分进行热混合。
14.一种制备权利要求1组合物的方法,所述方法包括在两个或多个并联的反应器中制备较高分子量组分和较低分子量组分,然后将它们混合。
15.一种制备权利要求1组合物的方法,所述方法包括在两个或多个反应器中依次制备较高分子量组分和较低分子量组分。
16.一种制备权利要求1组合物的方法,所述方法包括以两步或多步工艺制备较高分子量组分和较低分子量组分。
17.一种包含权利要求1组合物的制品。
18.一种包含权利要求1组合物的薄膜。
19.一种包含权利要求1组合物的管材。
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- 2006-06-22 JP JP2008521401A patent/JP2009500510A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-06-22 KR KR1020087001262A patent/KR20080036989A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-06-22 EP EP06785330A patent/EP1902094A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-06-22 WO PCT/US2006/024276 patent/WO2007008361A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-06-22 CN CNA2006800232943A patent/CN101228227A/zh active Pending
- 2006-06-22 MX MX2008000530A patent/MX2008000530A/es unknown
Cited By (8)
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CN101838365B (zh) * | 2009-03-18 | 2011-10-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 双峰分布乙烯-α-烯烃-非共轭二烯烃无规共聚合体合成方法 |
CN104870550A (zh) * | 2012-12-19 | 2015-08-26 | 博里利斯股份公司 | 具有改进escr的聚乙烯共混物 |
CN104870550B (zh) * | 2012-12-19 | 2017-08-11 | 博里利斯股份公司 | 具有改进escr的聚乙烯共混物 |
CN109196040A (zh) * | 2016-04-26 | 2019-01-11 | 道达尔研究技术弗吕公司 | 聚烯烃组合物 |
CN109963880A (zh) * | 2016-11-24 | 2019-07-02 | 巴塞尔聚烯烃股份有限公司 | 具有高抗应力开裂性的用于吹塑的聚乙烯组合物 |
US10920050B2 (en) | 2016-11-24 | 2021-02-16 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Polyethylene composition for blow molding having high stress cracking resistance |
CN109963880B (zh) * | 2016-11-24 | 2021-08-03 | 巴塞尔聚烯烃股份有限公司 | 具有高抗应力开裂性的用于吹塑的聚乙烯组合物 |
CN109705422A (zh) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种耐环境应力开裂的聚乙烯土工膜及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2612255A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
KR20080036989A (ko) | 2008-04-29 |
JP2009500510A (ja) | 2009-01-08 |
WO2007008361A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
EP1902094A1 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
MX2008000530A (es) | 2008-03-07 |
US20070010626A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
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