CN101166519A - 利塞膦酸盐的剂型 - Google Patents
利塞膦酸盐的剂型 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101166519A CN101166519A CNA2005800494833A CN200580049483A CN101166519A CN 101166519 A CN101166519 A CN 101166519A CN A2005800494833 A CNA2005800494833 A CN A2005800494833A CN 200580049483 A CN200580049483 A CN 200580049483A CN 101166519 A CN101166519 A CN 101166519A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- risedronate
- dosage form
- peroral dosage
- chelating agen
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- IIDJRNMFWXDHID-UHFFFAOYSA-N Risedronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(P(O)(O)=O)(O)CC1=CC=CN=C1 IIDJRNMFWXDHID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 229940089617 risedronate Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 title claims description 79
- 229940122361 Bisphosphonate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 150000004663 bisphosphonates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000002702 enteric coating Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000009505 enteric coating Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 30
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 30
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
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- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000001132 Osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003750 lower gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- BEGBSFPALGFMJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;sodium Chemical group [Na].C=C BEGBSFPALGFMJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 30
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- DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethyl citrate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCC)CC(=O)OCC DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 13
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- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- JZZIHCLFHIXETF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylsilicon Chemical compound C[Si]C JZZIHCLFHIXETF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
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- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
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Abstract
由安全有效量的药物组合物构成的利塞膦酸盐口服剂型,其提供了向哺乳动物受试者小肠提供药物组合物的即时释放,并且在与食物一起服用或不一起服用以及与饮料一起服用或不一起服用的情况下提供双膦酸酯的药物有效吸收。所述药物组合物包含利塞膦酸盐、螯合剂和用于实现利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂在小肠中延时释放的方法。本发明充分减轻了利塞膦酸盐与食物或饮料的交互作用,而这种交互作用则会导致双膦酸酯活性成分无法被吸收。因此,所得口服剂型可与食物一起服用或不一起服用。此外,本发明实现了利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂向小肠的递送,从而充分减轻了与双膦酸酯治疗相关的上肠胃道刺激。这些有益效果简化了以前复杂的治疗方法,并能提高患者对双膦酸酯治疗的顺从性。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
此申请是2005年4月15日提交的美国申请系列号11/106,816的部分继续申请,美国申请系列号11/106,816要求2004年5月24日的临时申请序列号60/573,881的优先权。
发明领域
本发明涉及由安全有效量的药物组合物构成的利塞膦酸盐口服剂型,所述药物组合物包含双膦酸酯、用于使利塞膦酸盐能够与食物或饮料一起服用的螯合剂、用于实现利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂在小肠中延时释放的方法、和一种或多种药用赋形剂。本发明的口服剂型可向哺乳动物受试者小肠提供药物组合物的递送,并且可与食物一起服用或不一起服用以及与饮料一起服用或不一起服用的情况下提供利塞膦酸盐的药物有效吸收。本发明还涉及一种具有非正常钙和磷酸盐代谢特征的疾病的治疗或预防方法,包括让有此需要的人或其它哺乳动物服用本文所述的口服剂型。
发明背景
双膦酸酯被首先开发用于在硬水中络合钙以改善洗涤剂性能。以后,已发现双膦酸酯可用于治疗和预防具有非正常钙和磷酸盐代谢特征的疾病或病症。这些病症可以被分成两大类:
1.具有非正常钙和磷酸根迁移特征的病症,导致一般或特殊的骨质流失或体液中过高的钙和磷酸盐含量。上述病症本文有时称为病理性硬组织脱矿质。
2.引起或导致体内钙和磷酸盐非正常沉积的病症。这些病症本文有时称为病理性钙化。
第一类病症包括骨质疏松,这是一种骨硬组织的损失相对于新生硬组织的发展不成比例的症状。海绵骨的基本量流失,并且髓和骨的空间变得更大,导致海绵骨强度降低。骨密度也变得更低,骨也变脆。骨质疏松可被分为如老年的、药物诱导的(例如,肾上腺皮质激素诱导的,如甾体化合物治疗时可能发生的)、疾病诱导的(例如,关节炎和肿瘤)等几个亚类,然而其症状是类似的。第一类的另一种病症是帕哲病(畸形性骨炎)。在这种疾病中,发生正常的骨溶解,然后正常的骨偶然被柔软的、矿质化程度低的组织取代,使得骨在承重压力下发生变形,尤其是易发在胫骨和大腿骨中。第一类病症也包括甲状旁腺机能亢进、恶性肿瘤高血钙症和溶骨性骨转移。
第二类,涉及表现为钙和磷酸盐非正常沉积状况的病症,包括进行性骨化性肌炎、全身性钙质沉着、和诸如关节炎、神经炎、滑囊炎、肌腱炎以及其它炎症的病症,所述病症使所涉及的组织偏向于磷酸钙的沉积。
双膦酸酯趋于抑制骨组织的再吸收,这对患骨质流失过多的患者来说是有益的。然而,许多早期的双膦酸酯,例如乙烷-1,1-二膦酸(EHDP)、丙烷-3-氨基-1-羟基-1,1-二膦酸(APD)和二氯甲烷二膦酸(Cl2MDP),当高剂量水平服用时具有抑制骨矿质化的倾向。虽然存在生物效力更强的双膦酸酯,它们能以低剂量水平服用(例如1-羟基-2-(3-吡啶基)-亚乙基-1,1-双膦酸(利塞膦酸盐)、阿仑特罗、伊班膦酸和唑来膦酸),但是口服双膦酸酯有时导致患者在服用后不久感觉身体不适。这种身体不适通常特征在于患者心痛、食道灼痛、吞咽疼痛和/或困难、和/或胸骨后和/或胸骨中间的疼痛。这被假定为这种刺激由双膦酸酯片剂粘附到上皮和粘膜组织上导致其局部刺激所引起。为了避免潜在的上胃肠道刺激,服用双膦酸酯的患者被指导服药时喝下一满杯水,并在口服一剂双膦酸酯后保持直立至少三十分钟。
已知口服剂量的双膦酸酯在肠胃(GI)道中吸收不佳(低于1%的口服剂量)。参见Ezra等人的“Adv.Drug Del.Rev.”42:175-95(2000)。已提出若干方法来提高口服双膦酸酯在胃肠道中的吸收。这些方法包括改变肠黏膜的渗透性(例如,通过使用吸收增强剂),或者改变双膦酸酯化合物本身的物理或化学性质(例如,通过前药)。
虽然使用吸收增强剂(例如在高剂量时能增加肠渗透性的乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA))已经被建议作为一种增强口服双膦酸酯吸收的方法,但是根据乙二胺四乙酸在黏膜完整性方面的效果,它作为一种试剂在人类药物疗法中的适用性已被认为是“不可能的”。参见Ezra等人的“Adv.DrugDel.Rev.”42:185(2000)。其他人还得出结论:实现胃肠道吸收增加所需的乙二胺四乙酸量很高,这将其排除在用于口服双膦酸酯治疗的候选试剂之外。参见Janner等人的“Calcif.Tissue Int.”49:280-83(1991)。
虽然双膦酸酯吸收的主要位置是小肠,但双膦酸酯例如利塞膦酸盐不依赖于它被递送的部位,在整个小肠中具有相似的吸收。参见Mitchell等人的“Pharm Res.”15,2:228-232(1998)。因此双膦酸酯单独至小肠的目标性递送不会增加双膦酸酯的吸收或功效。然而,其他人已经尝试通过将螯合剂和双膦酸酯的微粒递送到所报导的吸收位置(BR2001-006601),通过增强肠黏膜的渗透性来增加双膦酸酯的吸收。
双膦酸酯如利塞膦酸盐和阿仑特罗在治疗多种骨疾病方面的疗效已经被多个管理机构认可。然而,双膦酸酯与食物和矿物质(尤其是阳离子如钙、镁、铝和含铁食物或补充剂)之间的交互作用使得只有较少的双膦酸酯被吸收利用。例如,在Mitchell等人的“Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol.”48:536-542(1999)中,证实了与禁食状态下服用相比,30分钟进餐时间内的利塞膦酸盐服用吸收量减少了50%。为了减少这种食物影响,双膦酸酯口服产品的标注指导患者在当天第一餐前,提前至少三十分钟服药,或在服用伊班膦酸时提前六十分钟服药,并且指导患者在当天另一个时间服用钙补充剂,或在他们不服用口服剂量的双膦酸酯的某一天服用钙补充剂。这些服用指导可能对患者而言是复杂的和不便的,这可能导致患者的顺从性不佳。
对开发一种口服剂型的双膦酸酯有持续的需要,所述双膦酸酯可与食品或饮料一起服用或不一起服用(即,不管是否摄取食物或饮料,均具有药物有效吸收),这取决于患者的偏好,并且它不产生上胃肠道刺激。
已经发现一种包含利塞膦酸盐、用于结合食物中离子和矿物质的足量螯合剂、和用于实现利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂在小肠中延时释放方法的药物组合物,所述药物组合物可用于提供一种口服剂型,它向小肠提供利塞膦酸盐的即时释放,以及无论是否与食物或饮料一起服用,均提供利塞膦酸盐的药物有效吸收。本发明的口服剂型可与食物或饮料一起服用或不一起服用,因此简化了双膦酸酯治疗,并增加了患者的顺从性和便利性。此外,本发明的口服剂型提供了利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂在小肠中的延时释放,这可以减轻服用其它双膦酸酯口服剂型时经受的上胃肠道刺激,并且减少服用后保持直立三十分钟的必要。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种利塞膦酸盐活性成分的口服剂型,它包含安全有效量的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含:
(a)约1mg至约250mg利塞膦酸盐;
(b)约10mg至约970mg的螯合剂;和
(c)用于在小肠中即时释放利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂的延时释放机制;其中上述组合物为大小不超过一克的片剂。
本发明的剂型提供了利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂在哺乳动物受试者小肠中的即时释放,以及在与食物或饮料一起服用或不一起服用的情况下利塞膦酸盐活性成分的药物有效吸收。
本发明充分地减轻了导致利塞膦酸盐吸收降低的利塞膦酸盐和食物间的交互作用。因此所得新型口服剂型可与食物和饮料一起服用或不一起服用,这简化了以前复杂的治疗方法,并且可使接受双膦酸酯治疗的患者顺从性增加,并且如果患者是顺从的,则他们的疾病能被更好地治疗。本发明通过延时释放双膦酸酯活性成分直至双膦酸酯和螯合剂到达小肠,还减轻了与未延时即时释放双膦酸酯口服剂型相关的潜在上胃肠道刺激。
本发明还涉及一种特征在于非正常钙和磷酸盐代谢疾病的治疗或预防方法,包括让有此需要的人或其它哺乳动物服用本文所述的口服剂型。
本发明还涉及一种套盒,所述套盒包含一种或多种本发明口服剂型和促进依从本发明方法的方法。
发明详述
术语的定义和使用
本文所用术语“即时释放”是指当以标准USP规定测量时,片芯在小于60分钟内溶解。例如,USP规定,所有片剂和胶囊均要符合一般溶解性标准,即通过使用美国药典“溶解”章节第959页中所述的设备、方法和说明,在不超过45分钟的时间内,使不小于75%的核芯内容物溶解在900mL水中。对此目的而言,75%为Q,并且通过以10.5rad/s(100rpm)速度运转的设备1或以5.2rad/s(50rpm)速度运转的设备2中的一个,可显示出一致性。
本文所用术语“持续的”或“持续地”是指有规律的指定间隔。例如,如每周一次的服用法所述的连续时间表是指此活性物质每周被服用一次,持续未指明的一段时期或持续治疗必需的一段时期。
本文所用术语“延时释放或延时递送”是指配制包含利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂的药物组合物,以使它们可在小肠中通常可预测的某个部位实现释放。
本文所用术语“营养物质”是指任何营养补充剂或饮食补充剂,其包括但不限于维生素、矿物质、氨基酸、药草或其他植物性药材,或浓缩物、代谢物、组分、提取物,或同样物质的组合。
本文所用术语“药物组合物”是指由安全有效量的利塞膦酸盐和一种或多种包含至少一种螯合剂的可药用赋形剂构成的口服剂型。本文所述药物组合物由0.5%至75%,优选1%至40%的利塞膦酸盐和25%至99.5%,优选60%至99%的包含至少一种螯合剂的可药用赋形剂构成。
本文所用术语“安全有效量”是指在合理的医药判断范围内,化合物或组分的量高到足以显著积极地改变所治疗的症状和/或病症,同时该量又足够低以避免产生严重的副作用(合理的险/效比)。用于本发明方法的活性成分的安全有效量将根据所治疗的具体病症、接受治疗患者的年龄和身体条件、病症的严重程度、治疗持续期间、协同治疗的性质、所使用的具体活性成分、所使用的具体可药用赋形剂等主治医师知识与专长范围内的因素而变化。
本文所用术语“药物有效吸收”是指螯合化合物的量足够高以致可显著结合食物中的金属离子和矿物质,但又足够低以致与禁食状态下的吸收相比,不会显著改变利塞膦酸盐的吸收。即,吸收在与食物一起服用或不一起服用的情况下是相似的。考虑到双膦酸酯吸收的高可变性,在进行约50%禁食的情况下,所进行的喂食被期望具有药物有效吸收。
本文所用术语“口服剂型”是指任何旨在经由人或其它哺乳动物口腔递送或释放至所述人或其它哺乳动物小肠的药物组合物。对本发明目的而言,递送形式可以是包含利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂颗粒或微粒的压片形式。
术语“单位剂量”或“单位用量”是指依照可靠的医学经验,包含一定量适于单剂服用的药物活性物质或营养物质的剂型。本发明尤其可用于以片剂和胶囊形式进行单位剂量服用。
本文所用术语“胃肠道”涉及消化道,即,从口腔延伸至肛门的长约三十英尺的肌-膜管。本文所用术语“上胃肠道”是指口腔、咽、食道和胃。本文所用术语“下胃肠道”是指小肠和大肠。
本文所用术语“小肠”是指由紧接胃末端部分组成的小肠部分,包括十二指肠、空肠和回肠,即,肠道紧接胃底十二指肠括约肌末端并最接近大肠的部分。本文所用术语“大肠”是指下胃肠道部分,包括升结肠、横结肠、降结肠、乙状结肠和直肠。
利塞膦酸盐
本文所用术语“双膦酸酯”和“二膦酸酯”包括酸、盐、酯、水合物、多晶形体、半水合物、溶剂化物、以及它们的衍生物。本发明的双膦酸酯包括具有1-羟基-2-(3-吡啶基)-亚乙基-1,1-双膦酸(利塞膦酸盐)形式的那些,如1996年12月10日公布的授予Benedict等人的美国专利5,583,122;2002年6月25日公布的授予Cazer等人的美国专利6,410,520 B2中所述。
可用于本发明的盐的非限制性实例包括选自由下列组成的组的那些:碱金属、碱性金属、铵、和一-、二-、三-或四-C1-C30-烷基取代的铵。优选的盐是选自由钠盐、钾盐和铵盐组成的组。
本发明口服剂型中所包含的利塞膦酸盐量将取决于所选的具体利塞膦酸盐形式和连续的服用时间表,按照此时间表将利塞膦酸盐服用于患者。每日、每周、每月三次、每月两次和每月一次的连续服用时间表是适用于本发明口服剂型服用方法的非限制性实例。术语“每月三次”或“一月三次”是指口服剂型在一个月中被服用三次,即,三次。在一个每月三次的时间表中,口服剂型可以在连续三天中服用,或每隔约九至十一天服用一次。术语“每月两次”或“一月两次”是指口服剂型在一个月中被服用两次,即,二次。在一个每月两次的方法中,口服剂型可以在连续的天中服用,或每隔约十四至十六天服用一次。术语“每月一次”或“一月一次”是指口服剂型在一个月中被服用一次,即,一次,也就是说,每隔约28至31天服用一次。
目前,本领域普通技术人员使用混和命名,例如双膦酸酯活性成分的具体重量或百分比对利塞膦酸盐来说是以无水单钠盐为基准。对本发明来说,短语“基于无水单钠盐的约35mg利塞膦酸盐、它们的可药用的盐、以及它们的混合物”是指所选的利塞膦酸盐化合物的量是基于约35mg无水利塞膦酸单钠盐来计算的。
通常,以无水利塞膦酸单钠盐为基准,本发明的口服剂型将包含约1mg至约250mg的利塞膦酸盐。以无水利塞膦酸单钠盐为基准,本发明每日口服剂型包含约1mg至约10mg的利塞膦酸盐。以无水利塞膦酸单钠盐为基准,每周口服剂型包含约10mg至约70mg,优选15mg至约55mg,更优选约35mg至约50mg利塞膦酸盐。以无水利塞膦酸单钠盐为基准,每月两次口服剂型包含约20至约120mg,优选约75mg至约90mg利塞膦酸盐。以无水利塞膦酸单钠盐为基准,每月服用三次的口服剂型包含约15至约90mg,优选约50mg至约75mg利塞膦酸盐。以无水利塞膦酸单钠盐为基准,每月口服剂型包含约50至约280mg,优选约100至约250mg,并且更优选约150至约200mg利塞膦酸盐。在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述剂型包含约100%有效量的利塞膦酸盐,作为等效的不包含螯合剂的非延时的即时释放的利塞膦酸盐片剂。在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述剂型还为约145%有效量的利塞膦酸盐,作为等效的不包含螯合剂的非延时的即时释放的利塞膦酸盐片剂。
螯合剂
本文所用术语“螯合剂”是指包含两个或多个电子配位原子的分子,它能与单独的金属离子形成配位键。术语“螯合剂”被理解为包括螯合剂以及它们的盐。例如,术语“螯合剂”包括柠檬酸以及它的盐形式。
最普遍和最广泛使用的螯合剂通过氧或氮配位原子或通过这两者配位结合到金属原子上。其它普遍程度次之的螯合剂通过-SH(硫醇或巯基)基形式的硫进行配位结合。在第一个配位键形成后,每个连续的结合配位原子形成一个包含金属原子的环。螯合剂可以是二齿的、三齿的、四齿的等等,这取决于它是否包含两个、三个、四个或更多的能结合金属原子的配位原子。参见“Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of ChemicalTechnology”(第4版,2001)。
在均匀稀释溶液中,溶剂化金属离子(例如,钙)和完全离解形式的螯合剂形成络合物的平衡常数被称为形成或稳定常数,K。形成常数的实际意义在于,当存在等量金属离子和螯合剂时,高log K值意味着被螯合金属离子与未被螯合(或游离)金属离子的比率高。为了使几乎所有的金属离子与螯合剂而不是双膦酸酯络合,螯合剂和双膦酸酯络合常数的更高比率(或差异,假如K以对数单位表示)是优选的。例如,对等摩尔量的双膦酸酯和螯合剂来说,为了使99%的金属离子络合于螯合剂,螯合剂的log K必须比双膦酸酯-金属离子络合物的log K高至少4个单位。用于促使螯合剂-金属离子络合物超过双膦酸酯-金属离子络合物的另一项技术是加入过量摩尔数的螯合剂,此技术根据的是质量作用可促进螯合剂-金属离子络合物形成的规律。
虽然pH和溶液浓度可能影响形成常数,但通常螯合剂的log K优选至少等于双膦酸酯的log K。在其它实例中,螯合剂的log K比双膦酸酯的log K高2至5单位。在其它实例中,螯合剂的摩尔含量对双膦酸酯摩尔含量来说是过量的。上述实例中的螯合剂对双膦酸酯存在着至少2∶1的摩尔比。
螯合剂及其服用形式溶解在水中的量至少是利塞膦酸盐量的50%。在其它实例中,螯合剂及其服用形式可具有与利塞膦酸盐相比同等或更大的溶解度。
在一个实施方案中,所述螯合剂选自由下列物质组成的组:乙二胺四乙酸钠或乙二胺四乙酸二钠、柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、乳酸、己二酸、琥珀酸、赖氨酸、六偏磷酸钠、以及它们的组合。在另一个实施方案中,所述螯合剂是乙二胺四乙酸钠或乙二胺四乙酸二钠、柠檬酸、或六偏磷酸钠。
本发明口服剂型中含有的螯合剂量将取决于所选的具体螯合剂或多种螯合剂(即,螯合剂的混合物)、口服剂型中含有的双膦酸酯活性成分量、以及需要递送螯合剂和/或双膦酸酯活性成分的小肠具体部分。在摄取牛奶后,本领域已证实,在经过长度起始于小肠并延伸直至小肠末端的下胃肠道时,钙浓度降低。参见Mahe,J.等人的“Gastroilealnitrogen and electrolyte movements after bovine milk ingestionin humans”(Am.J.Clin.Nutr.56:410-416,1992)。
胃中的钙浓度比空肠中的钙浓度高约10倍,并且比回肠中的钙浓度高约40倍。因此,如果利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂在胃中释放(与食物一起),本发明的螯合剂量将不足以压制药物吸收时的钙效应。空肠和回肠中的钙浓度较低,并且通过在这些钙含量较低的区域中针对性释放剂型,与释放在胃中相比,螯合剂可更有效地结合绝大部分的钙。还期望不仅在小肠中针对性释放片剂,而且在包衣溶解后,以即时释放方式从片芯中释放出螯合剂和利塞膦酸盐。这可使与小肠中钙浓度有关的螯合剂局部浓度最大化。在小肠中缓慢或长期递送螯合剂,不会达到所需的螯合剂局部浓度,并且这类递送不能压制食物效应。
通常,本发明的口服剂型将包含安全有效量的适于获得所需螯合效果的螯合剂,即,在递送位置从食物中螯合存在于胃肠道中的残余金属离子,而不会在没有食物的情况下显著影响双膦酸酯的吸收。在一个实施方案中,口服剂型包含每单位剂量约10mg至约1000mg的螯合剂。在另一个实施方案中,口服剂型包含每单位剂量约10mg至约500mg的螯合剂。当螯合剂是乙二胺四乙酸二钠时,优选范围为每单位剂量约55mg至约500mg,优选为约75mg至约250mg。当螯合剂是柠檬酸时,优选范围为每单位剂量约100mg至约970mg,优选为约250mg至约500mg。
向小肠的延时递送
通过控制以下任何一种或多种因素,本领域技术人员可令人满意地控制小肠中的递送最终位置和/或递送速率:
(a)合适的活性成分;
(b)崩解剂的类型和含量;
(c)包衣类型、加到包衣中的赋形剂的类型和含量、和伴随物期望的厚度、以及包衣的渗透性(膨胀性);
(d)包衣本身和/或包衣片剂、微粒、小珠或颗粒内部的时间依赖性情况;
(e)颗粒状活性成分的粒度;
(f)包衣本身和/或包衣片剂、微粒、小珠或颗粒内部的pH依赖性情况;
(g)螯合剂的粒度或溶解度;
(h)包衣的溶解速率;
(j)片剂的大小或形状。
此外,多重服用后的片剂药效应在同等即时释放片剂药效的至少75%范围内。
小肠中的延时释放
通过将利塞膦酸盐递送至患钙和磷酸盐代谢疾病或失调的人或其它哺乳动物的小肠中,可成功治疗所述人或其它哺乳动物。本文所述的新剂型可实现向小肠的即时释放,并抑制利塞膦酸盐在口腔、咽、食道和/或胃中的不期望释放,从而抑制这些组织上皮或黏膜层的腐蚀、溃疡或其它类似的刺激。
螯合剂和利塞膦酸盐可被快速释放,并且尽可能接近于同时释放。这导致螯合剂的局部浓度高于食物中的金属离子。活性物质被释放的环境中的螯合剂的更高局部浓度可以更有效地络合食物中的金属,并有利于双膦酸酯的吸收。这可方便地通过单独片剂来实现。
有多种用于在小肠中针对性释放利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂的方法适用于本发明。用于递送至小肠的方法方法非限制性实例包括pH触发递送体系和时间依赖性递送体系。
pH触发递送体系
本发明的一个实施方案涉及用一种物质包衣(或换句话讲胶囊包封)利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂,所述物质直到到达肠道中的具体期望位置才会被肠胃流体破坏以释放利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂。在一个实施方案中,药物组合物的延时释放通过用一种物质包衣利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂的片剂、胶囊、微粒、或颗粒来完成,所述物质是pH依赖性的,即,所述物质在通常存在于小肠中、但不存在于上胃肠道中(即,嘴、口腔、咽、食道或胃)的pH下被破坏或溶解。
在一些实例中,可能期望利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂在小肠中的具体位置被释放。在其它实例中,可能期望在小肠中的不同位置独立地释放利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂。例如,可能期望在空肠中释放螯合剂,而在回肠中释放利塞膦酸盐。当期望将利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂一起或分别针对性释放到小肠中的具体位置上时,所选的包衣物质和/或用所选包衣物质或其它可药用赋形剂来包衣或结合利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂的方法可能不同,或可如本文所述或通过本领域技术人员已知的任何方法来更改。
不同利塞膦酸盐活性成分,例如酸式盐、与磷酸基团形成的盐(例如,碱金属盐、碱土金属盐等)和酯(例如,烷基、链烯基、芳基、芳烷基),其溶解度、酸度和水解敏感性可以被用作选择正确包衣的指导。此外,可以根据所需的释放模式,通过向活性成分中加入适宜的缓冲剂,而在被涂敷的片剂、微粒或颗粒中产生适宜的pH条件。
利用pH依赖性肠溶衣物质,将本发明的一个实施方案递送至小肠,所述肠溶衣物质是由部分甲酯化的甲基丙烯酸聚合物制得的。所述口服剂型可以是由活性成分颗粒或微粒制得的包肠溶衣压片形式。
任何在pH低于5.5的情况下不溶解(即,通常存在于口腔、咽、食道和胃中的pH)、但是在pH介于约5.5至约6.5之间情况下(即,存在于小肠中的pH)可溶解的肠溶衣均能被用于本发明的实施中。因此,当期望实现双膦酸酯和螯合剂向小肠的递送时,任何在pH低于5.5的情况下完全或部分不溶解并在pH为约5.5至约6.5情况下可溶解的肠溶衣是适用的。
肠溶衣必须以足够的厚度被施用到压片或胶囊(例如,明胶、淀粉或羟丙基甲基纤维素)上,以便整个包衣不会在pH低于5.5的肠胃流体中溶解,但可在pH高于约5.5且低于约6.5的情况下溶解。赋形剂包衣的溶解或崩解通常直到被包衣的剂型进入小肠时才发生。
期望任何显示具有所需pH依赖性溶解度特征的阴离子聚合物能在本发明的应用中被用作肠溶衣,以实现双膦酸酯和螯合剂至小肠的递送。选择的包衣必须与所选的具体利塞膦酸盐活性成分相容。用于本发明的优选聚合物是阴离子羧基聚合物。尤其优选的聚合物是丙烯酸类聚合物,更优选部分甲酰化的甲基丙烯酸聚合物,其中游离阴离子羧基对酯基的比率是约1∶1。
尤其适用的甲基丙烯酸聚合物是Eudragit L_,尤其是Eudragit L30D-55_和Eudragit L 100-55_,生产于R_hm Pharma GmbH and Co.KG,Darmstadt,Germany。在Eudragit L 30 D-55_中,游离羧基与酯基的比率为约1∶1。此外,所述共聚物已知在pH低于5.5、通常为1.5至5.5(即,通常存在于上胃肠道流体中的pH)的胃肠道流体中是不溶解的,但是易溶于pH高于5.5的(即,通常存在于小肠流体中的pH)的胃肠道流体中。
包衣能并且通常将会包含增塑剂,并且可能包含其它包衣赋形剂例如着色剂、表面活性剂、滑石和/或硬脂酸镁,许多上述赋形剂是包衣领域所熟知的。具体地讲,阴离子羧基丙烯酸类聚合物通常将包含按重量计10%至25%的增塑剂,尤其是柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸三丁酯、乙酰柠檬酸三乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、聚乙二醇、丙二醇乙酰化单酸甘油酯和甘油三乙酸酯。使用常规包衣技术,例如流化床或盘包衣,来施用所述包衣。包衣必须足够厚,以确保口服剂型保持基本完整,直到到达小肠中的期望递送位置。
固体口服剂型可以是被涂敷的压片形式,所述压片包含双膦酸酯活性成分和螯合剂的微粒或颗粒,或者是被涂敷的或未被涂敷的软胶囊或硬胶囊形式(例如,明胶、淀粉或羟丙基甲基纤维素),所述胶囊包含双膦酸酯活性成分和螯合剂的小珠或颗粒,这些小珠或颗粒本身是包肠溶衣的。在本发明的一个实施方案中,片剂是被压缩的,并且片剂是被包肠溶衣的。
适宜的肠溶衣物质包括Eudragit L-100_、Eudragit L 30 D-55_、乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素、紫胶或任何可在pH为约5.5至约6.5情况下溶解的肠溶衣物质。使用本领域技术人员已知的多种喷涂技术来施用肠溶衣。肠溶衣还可以包含一种或多种可药用的赋形剂,包括但不限于滑石、柠檬酸三乙酯、聚乙二醇、吐温80_(聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯,购自Sigma Chemical CO.,St.Louis,MO)、蓖麻油。所述肠溶衣被施用到片芯上,以提供2.5%至40%的重量增益。
所述片剂芯包含双膦酸酯活性成分、螯合剂,并且可以包含一种或多种可药用的赋形剂。适宜的赋形剂包括但不限于结晶纤维素、乳糖、磷酸氢钙、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、硬脂酸镁、蔗糖、淀粉、氧化镁、乙醇酸淀粉钠和月桂基硫酸钠。
依赖时间的递送体系
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,通过使用依赖时间的递送体系实现利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂向小肠的递送。假设胃排空后的传递时间确定,药物和/或螯合剂能被针对性释放到小肠的多个部分中。适用于本发明的时间依赖性递送体系的方法包括但不限于如PulsincapTM(Scherer DDS,Strathclyde,英国)、Time ClockTM(Zambon Group,Milan,意大利)、和SyncroDoseTM(Penwest,Patterson,NY)这样的设计、以及多种随时间降解以释放片剂内含物的包衣,片剂内含物例如羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素或任何合适的水凝胶。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,时间依赖性设计PulsincapTM被用于将活性成分和螯合剂针对性递送至小肠中。活性成分和其它赋形剂(包括螯合剂),通过被水溶性封盖覆盖的水凝胶塞,被包含于PulsincapTM水不溶性胶囊中。整个剂型被任选地涂敷肠溶衣物质,以保护剂型在通过上胃肠道时不降解。当患者吞下PulsincapTM剂型时,水溶性封盖溶解,并使水凝胶塞暴露于胃和/或肠流体中。然后,水凝胶封盖膨胀,最终爆裂露出胶囊主体,从而释放胶囊内容物。通过改变水凝胶塞的性质,胶囊内容物可被针对性释放到小肠的具体区域中。参见Watts,Peter J.&Illum,Lisbeth的“Drug Dev.and Indus.Pharm.”23(9):893至917页(1997)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,施用依赖时间的包衣覆盖压片,然后施用肠溶衣,覆盖依赖时间的包衣。这被用于将活性成分和螯合剂针对性递送至小肠中。所述活性成分和其它赋形剂(包括螯合剂)被包含于片芯中。整个剂型被依赖时间的包衣涂敷,然后被肠溶衣涂敷。肠溶衣物质用于保护剂型在通过上胃肠道时不降解。当患者吞下剂型时,在剂型离开胃后肠溶衣溶解,然后片芯开始膨胀。最后,在预先确定的时间内和在小肠流体中,依赖时间的包衣破裂,并将片芯内容物释放到小肠中。通过改变片芯、依赖时间的包衣和/或肠溶衣,片剂内容物能被针对性释放到小肠的具体区域中。
可药用的赋形剂
可药用的赋形剂包括但不限于聚合物、树脂、增塑剂、填充剂、润滑剂、稀释剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、溶剂、共溶剂、表面活性剂、缓冲剂体系、防腐剂、甜味剂、调味剂、药品级染料或颜料、螯合剂、粘度剂、以及它们的组合。可药用的赋形剂能被用在制备口服剂型的任何组分中,即片芯或包衣。
可用于本发明的那些调味剂、染料和颜料包括但不限于描述于药物赋形剂手册中(第4版,Pharmaceutical Press 2003)的那些调味剂、染料和颜料。
合适的共溶剂包括但不限于乙醇、异丙醇和丙酮。
合适的表面活性剂包括但不限于聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯单烷基醚、蔗糖单酯、二甲基硅油乳液、月桂基硫酸钠、吐温80_和羊毛脂的酯类与醚类。
合适的防腐剂包括但不限于酚、对羟基苯甲酸烷基酯、苯甲酸及其盐、硼酸及其盐、山梨酸及其盐、三氯丁醇、苄醇、乙基汞硫代水杨酸钠、乙酸苯汞和硝酸苯汞、硝甲酚汞、烷基苄基二甲基氯化铵、氯化十六烷基吡啶鎓、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯。
合适的填充剂包括但不限于淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖糊精和微晶纤维素。
合适的增塑剂包括但不限于柠檬酸三乙酯、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、蓖麻油、乙酰化单酸甘油酯,和甘油三乙酸酯。
适宜的聚合物包括但不限于乙基纤维素、乙酸偏苯三酸纤维素、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素、聚乙酸邻苯二甲酸乙烯酯、和Eudragit_L 30-D、Eudragit_L 100-55(R_hm Pharma GmbHand Co.KG,Darmstadt,Germany)、以及Acryl-EZE_和Sureteric_(Colorcon,Inc.,West Point,Pa.)。
合适的润滑剂包括但不限于硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸和滑石。
使用方法
本发明还涉及一种治疗或预防特征在于不正常钙和磷酸盐代谢的疾病的方法,所述方法包括使需要其的人或其它哺乳动物服用安全有效量的药物组合物,所述药物组合物经由本文所述的口服剂型被递送至所述人或其它哺乳动物。
特征在于不正常钙和磷酸盐代谢的疾病包括但不限于骨质疏松、帕哲病(畸形性骨炎)、甲状旁腺机能亢进、恶性肿瘤高血钙症、溶骨性骨转移、进行性骨化性肌炎、全身性钙质沉着、和诸如关节炎、神经炎、滑囊炎、肌腱炎以及其它炎症的病症,所述病症使涉及的组织偏向于磷酸钙沉积。
本发明的口服剂型适于按照连续的服用间隔服用,所述服用间隔为每日一次、每周一次、每月三次、每月两次和每月一次。
套盒
本发明还包括尤其可用于将本文所述口服剂型按照连续服用时间表服用的套盒,所述服用时间表为每日一次、每周一次、每月三次、每月两次或每月一次。上述套盒包含一种和多种口服剂型,所述口服剂型包含利塞膦酸盐、螯合剂和用于促进依从本发明方法的方法。上述套盒提供一种方便有效的方法,以用于确保接受治疗的受试者以正确的剂量和正确的方法服用合适的口服剂型。上述套盒的顺从性方法包括依照本发明方法促进活性物质服用的任何方法。这种顺从性方法包括,用法说明书、包装和分配组件、以及它们的组合。所述套盒还可包含用于帮助记忆的组件,包括但不限于一周的天数列表、编号、说明图表、箭头、盲文、日历贴纸、提醒卡、或其它具体由患者选择的组件。包装和分配组件的实例是本领域熟知的,包括1988年8月2日公布的Flora等人的美国专利4,761,406;和1989年3月14日公布的Uchtman的美国专利4,812,311中所描述的那些。
任选地,所述套盒能包含至少一种包含利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂的口服剂型,以及至少一种包含伴随性营养物质的口服剂型。优选的营养物质是钙和/或维生素D。适用于本发明的口服剂型钙包括胶囊、压片、咀嚼片,等等。适用于本发明的典型钙盐形式包括但不限于碳酸钙、柠檬酸钙、苹果酸钙、柠檬酸苹果酸钙、葡乳醛酸钙、葡庚糖酸钙、葡糖酸钙、乳酸钙、磷酸氢钙和磷酸钙。在一个实施方案中,本发明的套盒可以包括含有400mg至1500mg钙的片剂。
本文所用术语“维生素D”是指可以作为营养物质对哺乳动物服用的任何形式的维生素D。维生素D在体内代谢,以提供常被称为“活化”形式的维生素D。术语“维生素D”可包括活化和未活化形式的维生素D,以及这些形式的前体和代谢物。这些活化形式的前体包括维生素D2(钙化醇,在植物中产生)和维生素D3(胆骨化醇,在皮肤中产生,存在于动物来源并且用于强化食物)。维生素D2和D3在人身上具有相似的生物学功效。维生素D2和D3的非活化代谢物包括羟基化形式的维生素D2和D3。因为活化的维生素D类似物对哺乳动物具有毒性,所以它们不能在间歇的时间内大剂量服用。然而,非活化的维生素D2、维生素D3、以及它们的代谢物,可以在间歇的基础上以比“活化”形式的维生素D更大的剂量服用,并且没有毒性。在一个实施方案中,本发明的套盒可以包括含有100IU至10,000IU维生素D的片剂。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的套盒可以包括一种或多种包含钙和维生素D的营养物质片剂。在另一个实施方案中,营养物质的单位剂量包含约600mg钙和约400IU维生素D。
以下非限制性实施例说明了本发明的制剂、方法和使用。
实施例
实施例I
含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的包肠溶衣片剂
通过制备包衣组合物与包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的压片,然后将所述包衣组合物施用到所述片剂中,制备包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的包肠溶衣片剂。
制备涂料形式的肠溶衣组合物,每片包含以下赋形剂:
A.肠溶衣悬浮液
成分
Eudragit L 30 D-55_(湿基) 143.3mg
(由R_hm Pharma GmbH and Co.KG,Darmstadt,Germany生产)
柠檬酸三乙酯 6.45mg
滑 21.5mg
红色氧化铁 0.22mg
二甲基硅油乳液(30%) 0.43mg
聚山梨酸酯80 0.43mg
纯化水 307.7mg
用以下方法制备肠溶衣:
通过在搅拌的同时,将聚山梨酸酯80、磨碎的氧化铁和滑石加入到约三分之二的纯化水中,来制备颜料悬浮液。将悬浮液搅拌至少两小时。将30%的二甲基硅油乳液和剩余的水加入到颜料悬浮液中,并搅拌至少45分钟。混合Eudragit L 30 D-55溶液和柠檬酸三乙酯,并搅拌至少45分钟。然后,将颜料悬浮液加入到Eudragit溶液中,并搅拌30至60分钟。筛滤所得包衣悬浮液,并在包衣过程中混和。将片芯转移到包衣盘中并预热,同时不定期晃动。使用典型的盘包衣方法涂敷片剂,直至涂敷了所需量的包衣溶液。然后,使片剂冷却,并收集到合适容器中。
通过将以上组合物喷涂到包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的压片上,获得了30%(总固体量)的包衣重量增益,所述压片在下文部分B中制备。
B.包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的压片
将在上文部分A中制备的肠溶衣悬浮液喷涂到35mg利塞膦酸盐片剂上,每片片剂重240mg并包含:
活性组分:
利塞膦酸钠 35mg*
螯合剂:
乙二胺四乙酸二钠 100mg
赋形剂
微晶纤维素 85.8mg
乙醇酸淀粉钠 6mg
硬脂酸 12mg
硬脂酸镁 1.2mg
*此量基于无水利塞膦酸单钠盐进行计算。
按以下方法,制备具有上文所述组成的片剂:
使所述利塞膦酸钠、依地酸二钠、乙醇酸淀粉钠和微晶纤维素通过研磨机,并加入到配有增强杆的搅拌机中。在增强杆开启的情况下,将混合物搅拌约十分钟。筛滤硬脂酸和硬脂酸镁,并加入到搅拌机中。在增强杆关闭的情况下,将共混物搅拌约3分钟。使用适宜的压片机,将共混物压制成片剂。
实施例II
含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的包肠溶衣片剂
按照下述方法,使用与实施例I所述方法类似的方法,制备包含利塞膦酸钠的包肠溶衣片剂。
制备涂料形式的包衣组合物,每片包含以下赋形剂:
成分:
Acryl EZE(由 200mg
Colorcon,Inc.,West Point,Pa.生产)干固体
纯化水 950mg
通过常规的盘包衣方法,使片剂获得40%重量增益的包衣重量,片剂包含150mg利塞膦酸盐和75mg乙二胺四乙酸,使得最终每片椭圆片剂重500mg。每片片剂的组成如下:
活性组分:
利塞膦酸钠 150mg*
螯合剂:
乙二胺四乙酸二钠 75mg
赋形剂
甘露糖醇 100mg
淀粉1500 159mg
二氧化硅 1mg
硬脂酸 15mg
*此量基于无水利塞膦酸单钠盐进行计算。
实施例III
含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的包肠溶衣片剂
通过制备包衣组合物与包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的压片,然后将所述包衣组合物施用到所述片剂中,制备包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的包肠溶衣片剂。
制备涂料形式的肠溶衣组合物,每片包含以下赋形剂:
A.肠溶衣悬浮液
成分:
Eudragit L 30 D-55_(湿基) 51.37mg
(由R_hm Pharma GmbH and Co.KG,Darmstadt,Germany生产)
柠檬酸三乙酯 1.54mg
滑 11.56mg
红色氧化铁 0.02mg
二甲基硅油乳液(30%) 0.05mg
聚山梨酸酯80 0.15mg
纯化水 79.21mg
用以下方法制备肠溶衣:
通过在搅拌的同时,将聚山梨酸酯80、磨碎的氧化铁和滑石加入到约三分之二的纯化水中,来制备颜料悬浮液。将悬浮液搅拌至少两小时。将30%的二甲基硅油乳液和剩余的水加入到颜料悬浮液中,并搅拌至少45分钟。混合Eudragit L 30 D-55溶液和柠檬酸三乙酯,并搅拌至少45分钟。然后,将颜料悬浮液加入到Eudragit溶液中,并搅拌30至60分钟。筛滤所得包衣悬浮液,并在包衣过程中混和。将片芯转移到包衣盘中并预热,同时不定期晃动。使用典型的盘包衣方法涂敷片剂,直至涂敷了所需量的包衣溶液。然后,使片剂冷却,并收集到合适容器中。
通过将以上组合物喷涂到包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的压片上,获得了约10%(总固体量)的包衣重量增益,所述压片在下文部分B中制备。
B.包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的压片
将在上文部分A中制备的肠溶衣悬浮液喷涂到35mg利塞膦酸盐片剂上,每片片剂重290mg并包含:
活性组分:
利塞膦酸钠 35mg*
螯合剂:
乙二胺四乙酸二钠 100mg
赋形剂:
ProSolvSMCC 90 131.8mg
硬脂酸 14.5mg
乙醇酸淀粉钠 7.25
硬脂酸镁 1.5mg
*此量基于无水利塞膦酸单钠盐进行计算。
按以下方法,制备具有上文所述组成的片剂:
使所述利塞膦酸钠、依地酸二钠、乙醇酸淀粉钠、_ProSolvSMCC90、_硬脂酸和_硬脂酸镁通过研磨机,并加入到配有增强杆的搅拌机中。在增强杆开启的情况下,将混合物共混约二十分钟,然后碾压并研磨。加入剩余的ProSolv SMCC90和硬脂酸,并再搅拌10分钟。筛滤剩余的硬脂酸镁,并与颗粒一起加入到共混物中。在增强杆关闭的情况下,将共混物搅拌约3分钟。使用适宜的压片机,将共混物压制成片剂。
实施例IV
含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的包肠溶衣片剂
通过制备包衣组合物与包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的压片,然后将所述包衣组合物施用到所述片剂中,制备包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的包肠溶衣片剂。
制备涂料形式的肠溶衣组合物,每片包含以下赋形剂:
A.肠溶衣悬浮液
成分:
Eudragit L 30 D-55_(湿基) 66.10mg
(由R_hm Pharma GmbH and Co.KG,Darmstadt,Germany生产)
柠檬酸三乙酯 1.99mg
滑石 14.87mg
黄色氧化铁 0.02mg
白色Chromatone 0.07
二甲基硅油乳液(30%) 0.06mg
聚山梨酸酯80 0.20mg
纯化水 101.89mg
用以下方法制备肠溶衣:
通过在搅拌的同时,将聚山梨酸酯80、磨碎的氧化铁、白色Chromatone和滑石加入到约三分之二的纯化水中,来制备颜料悬浮液。将悬浮液搅拌至少两小时。将30%的二甲基硅油乳液和剩余的水加入到颜料悬浮液中,并搅拌至少45分钟。混合Eudragit L 30 D-55溶液和柠檬酸三乙酯,并搅拌至少45分钟。然后,将颜料悬浮液加入到Eudragit溶液中,并搅拌30至60分钟。筛滤所得包衣悬浮液,并在包衣过程中混和。将片芯转移到包衣盘中并预热,同时不定期晃动。使用典型的盘包衣方法涂敷片剂,直至涂敷了所需量的包衣溶液。然后,使片剂冷却,并收集到合适容器中。
通过将以上组合物喷涂到包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的压片上,获得了约9%(总固体量)的包衣重量增益,所述压片在下文部分B中制备。
B.包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的压片
将在上文部分A中制备的肠溶衣悬浮液喷涂到50mg利塞膦酸盐片剂上,每片片剂重414.3mg并包含:
活性组分:
利塞膦酸钠 50mg*
螯合剂:
乙二胺四乙酸二钠 142.9mg
赋形剂:
ProSolv SMCC 90 188.3mg
硬脂酸 20.7mg
乙醇酸淀粉钠 10.4
硬脂酸镁 2.0mg
*此量基于无水利塞膦酸单钠盐进行计算。
按以下方法,制备具有上文所述组成的片剂:
使所述利塞膦酸钠、依地酸二钠、乙醇酸淀粉钠、_ProSolvSMCC90、_硬脂酸和_硬脂酸镁通过研磨机,并加入到配有增强杆的搅拌机中。在增强杆开启的情况下,将混合物共混约二十分钟,然后碾压并研磨。加入剩余的ProSolv SMCC90和硬脂酸,并再搅拌10分钟。筛滤剩余的硬脂酸镁,并与颗粒一起加入到共混物中。在增强杆关闭的情况下,将共混物搅拌约3分钟。使用适宜的压片机,将共混物压制成片剂。
实施例V
含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的包肠溶衣片剂
通过制备包衣组合物与包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的压片,然后将所述包衣组合物施用到所述片剂上,制备包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的包肠溶衣片剂。
制备涂料形式的肠溶衣组合物,每片包含以下赋形剂:
A.肠溶衣悬浮液
成分:
Eudragit L 30 D-55_(湿基) 150mg
(由R_hm Pharma GmbH and Co.KG,
Darms tadt,Germany生产)
柠檬酸三乙酯 10mg
滑 30mg
黑色氧化铁 0.1mg
纯化水 250mg
用以下方法制备肠溶衣:
将滑石和黑色氧化铁加入到一部分纯化水中,并搅拌直至均匀。持续搅拌,并加入柠檬酸三乙酯。接着,使所得颜料悬浮液通过筛网或适宜的研磨机,以打碎附聚物。筛滤Eudragit L 30 D-55_,然后加入到适宜的容器中,并用一部分纯化水稀释。然后将颜料悬浮液加入到经稀释的Eudragit悬浮液中,并且搅拌直至均匀。
在一个适宜的包衣盘中,将如下所述的包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的压片(10kg)加热至约30C至35℃。以每分钟约30克的速度,将肠溶衣悬浮液喷涂到片剂上。当喷涂过程完成时,降低温度,取出片剂,并在30℃至35℃下干燥约1小时。
通过将以上组合物喷涂到包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的压片上,获得了35%(总固体量)的包衣重量增益,所述压片在下文部分B中制备。
B.包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的压片
将在上文部分A中制备的肠溶衣悬浮液喷涂到5mg利塞膦酸盐片剂上,每片片剂重240mg并包含:
活性组分:
利塞膦酸钠 5.0mg*
螯合剂:
乙二胺四乙酸二钠 75.0mg
赋形剂
微晶纤维素 149.5mg
乙醇酸淀粉钠 9mg
硬脂酸 1.5mg
*此量基于无水利塞膦酸单钠盐进行计算。
按以下方法,制备具有上文所述组成的片剂:
通过将利塞膦酸盐活性成分和乙二胺四乙酸与_的微晶纤维素一起筛滤到双筒搅拌机中,来制备片剂。然后,将搅拌共混物,直至均匀。然后,加入_的硬脂酸,并进一步搅拌共混物。然后滚筒碾压并研磨共混物。加入剩余的微晶纤维素和乙醇酸淀粉钠,并搅拌直至均匀。然后,加入剩余的硬脂酸,并搅拌直至获得足够的润滑度。然后,在旋转压片机上压制片剂。
实施例VI
包含利塞膦酸盐和柠檬酸钠的时间依赖性包肠溶衣片剂。
通过制备两层包衣组合物和包含利塞膦酸盐和柠檬酸钠的压片,然后将所述包衣组合物施用于所述压片,制备包含利塞膦酸盐和柠檬酸钠的时间依赖性包肠溶衣片剂。
制备聚合物形式的第一层(时间依赖性包衣层)包衣组合物,每片包含以下赋形剂:
A.酸可溶性包衣层
成分:
乙基纤维素 40.0mg
癸二酸二丁酯 8mg
甲苯 250mg
乙醇 70mg
用以下方法制备酸可溶性包衣:
在搅拌的同时,通过将乙基纤维素加入到约三分之二的甲苯:乙醇混合物中,来制备溶液。将所述溶液搅拌至少两小时。加入癸二酸二丁酯,并再搅拌两小时。筛滤所得包衣溶液,并在包衣过程中混和。
B.肠溶衣悬浮液
成分:
Eudragit L 30 D-55_(湿基) 150mg
(由R_hm Pharma GmbH and Co.KG,Darmstadt,Germany生产)
柠檬酸三乙酯 6.0mg
滑 15.0mg
红色氧化铁 0.25mg
纯化水 260mg
用以下方法制备肠溶衣:
在搅拌的同时,通过将磨碎的氧化铁和滑石加入到约三分之二的纯化水中,来制备颜料悬浮液。将悬浮液搅拌至少两小时。混合Eudragit L30 D-55溶液和柠檬酸三乙酯,并搅拌至少45分钟。然后,将颜料悬浮液加入到Eudragit溶液中,并搅拌30至60分钟。筛滤所得包衣悬浮液,并在包衣过程中混和。
将压片转移到包衣盘中并预热,同时不定期晃动。使用典型的盘包衣方法,用时间依赖性包衣、继之以肠溶衣悬浮液,来涂敷压片,直至已涂敷了所需量的包衣溶液。然后,使片剂冷却,并收集到合适容器中。
通过将上文组合物(A和B)喷涂到下文部分C中制备的包含利塞膦酸盐和柠檬酸钠的压片上,时间依赖性包衣可获得10%的包衣重量增益,肠溶衣可获得13%的包衣重量增益(与片芯重量相比的总固体物质)。
C.包含利塞膦酸盐和柠檬酸钠的压片
将上文部分A与B中制备的酸可溶性包衣和肠溶衣悬浮液喷涂到5mg利塞膦酸盐片剂上,每片片剂重500mg并包含:
活性组分:
利塞膦酸钠 5mg*
螯合剂:
柠檬酸钠 250mg
赋形剂
微晶纤维素 109.5mg
交联羧甲纤维素钠 25.0mg
甘露糖醇 100mg
硬脂酸镁 0.5mg
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 10mg
纯化水 100.0mg
*此量基于无水利塞膦酸单钠盐进行计算。
按以下方法,制备具有上文所述组成的片剂:
使所述利塞膦酸钠、柠檬酸钠、微晶纤维素、交联羧甲纤维素钠、甘露糖醇和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮通过研磨机,并加入到配备增强杆的搅拌机中。在增强杆开启的情况下,将共混物搅拌约十分钟,并加入纯化水,粒化15分钟。混合物在30℃下干燥过夜,通过研磨机。筛滤硬脂酸镁,并加入到搅拌机中。在增强杆关闭的情况下,将共混物搅拌约3分钟。使用适宜的压片机,将共混物压制成片剂。
实施例VII
包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的时间依赖性递送片剂
通过制备包衣组合物与包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的压片,然后将所述包衣组合物施用到所述片剂中,制备包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的时间依赖性递送片剂。
制备包衣组合物,每片包含以下赋形剂:
A.包衣悬浮液
赋形剂:
卡洛巴蜡 80mg
蜂蜡 35mg
聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯 11mg
羟丙基甲基纤维素 24mg
纯化水 500mL
用以下方法制备包衣:
将所述卡洛巴蜡、蜂蜡、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯和羟丙基甲基纤维素加入到60℃的纯化水中,并搅拌3小时。筛滤所得包衣混合物,并在包衣过程中混和。将片芯转移到包衣盘中并预热,同时不定期晃动。使用典型的盘包衣方法涂敷片剂,直至已涂敷了所需量的包衣溶液(60℃)。然后,使片剂冷却,并收集到合适容器中。
通过将以上组合物喷涂到包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的压片上,获得了30%(总固体量)的包衣重量增益,所述压片在下文部分B中制备。
B.包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的压片
将上文部分A中制备的包衣悬浮液喷涂到35mg利塞膦酸盐片剂上,每片片剂重500mg并包含:
活性组分:
利塞膦酸钠 35mg*
螯合剂:
乙二胺四乙酸二钠 150mg
赋形剂:
微晶纤维素 50mg
喷雾干燥的乳糖 245mg
乙醇酸淀粉钠 15mg
硬脂酸镁 5mg
*此量基于无水利塞膦酸单钠盐进行计算。
按以下方法,制备具有上文所述组成的片剂:
使所述利塞膦酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、微晶纤维素、喷雾干燥的乳糖和乙醇酸淀粉钠通过研磨机,并加入到配备增强杆的搅拌机中。在增强杆开启的情况下,将混合物搅拌约十分钟。筛滤硬脂酸镁,并加入到搅拌机中。在增强杆关闭的情况下,将共混物搅拌约3分钟。使用适宜的压片机,将共混物压制成片剂。
实施例VIII
含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的包肠溶衣片剂
通过制备包衣组合物与包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的压片,然后将所述包衣组合物施用到所述片剂中,制备包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的包肠溶衣片剂。
制备涂料形式的肠溶衣组合物,每片包含以下赋形剂:
A.肠溶衣悬浮液
成分:
Eudragit L 30 D-55_(湿基) 47.8mg
(由R_hm Pharma GmbH and Co.KG,Darmstadt,Germany生产)
柠檬酸三乙酯 2.15mg
滑石 7.17mg
红色氧化铁 0.07mg
二甲基硅油乳液(30%) 0.14mg
聚山梨酸酯80 0.14mg
纯化水 102.6mg
用以下方法制备肠溶衣:
通过在搅拌的同时,将聚山梨酸酯80、磨碎的氧化铁和滑石加入到约三分之二的纯化水中,来制备颜料悬浮液。将悬浮液搅拌至少两小时。将30%的二甲基硅油乳液和剩余的水加入到颜料悬浮液中,并搅拌至少45分钟。混合Eudragit L30 D-55_溶液和柠檬酸三乙酯,并搅拌至少45分钟。然后,将颜料悬浮液加入到Eudragit溶液中,并搅拌30至60分钟。筛滤所得包衣悬浮液,并在包衣过程中混和。将片芯转移到包衣盘中并预热,同时不定期晃动。使用典型的盘包衣方法涂敷片剂,直至涂敷了所需量的包衣溶液。然后,使片剂冷却,并收集到合适容器中。
将在上文部分A中制备的肠溶衣悬浮液喷涂到35mg利塞膦酸盐片剂上,如实施例IB所述制备的片剂每片重240mg。
实施例IX
包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸二钠的包肠溶衣软明胶胶囊
通过制备包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的包衣组合物和软明胶胶囊,然后将所述包衣组合物施用至所述软明胶胶囊,制备包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的包肠溶衣的胶囊。
制备涂料形式的肠溶衣组合物,每片包含以下赋形剂:
A.肠溶衣悬浮液
赋形剂:
Eudragit L 30D-55_(湿基) 200.0mg
(由R_hm Pharma GmbH and Co.KG,Darms tadt,Germany生产)
邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 10.0mg
滑石 30.0mg
红色氧化铁 0.25mg
二甲基硅油乳液(30%) 0.50mg
聚山梨酸酯80 0.50mg
纯化水 350mg
用以下方法制备肠溶衣:
通过在搅拌的同时,将聚山梨酸酯80、磨碎的氧化铁和滑石加入到约三分之二的纯化水中,来制备颜料悬浮液。将悬浮液搅拌至少两小时。将30%的二甲基硅油乳液和剩余的水加入到颜料悬浮液中,并搅拌至少45分钟。混合Eudragit L 30 D-55溶液和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,并搅拌至少45分钟。然后,将颜料悬浮液加入到Eudragit溶液中,并搅拌30至60分钟。筛滤所得包衣悬浮液,并在包衣过程中混和。将软明胶胶囊转移到包衣盘中并预热,同时不定期晃动。使用典型的盘包衣方法来涂敷软明胶胶囊,直到已涂敷了所需量的包衣溶液。然后,使胶囊冷却,并收集到适宜的容器中。
通过上文组合物喷涂到包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的软明胶胶囊上,获得了13%(总固体量)的包衣重量增益,所述软明胶胶囊在下文部分B中制备。
B.包含利塞膦酸盐和乙二胺四乙酸的软明胶胶囊
将在上文部分A中制备的肠溶衣悬浮液喷涂到50mg利塞膦酸盐软明胶胶囊上,每个胶囊重764mg并包含:
填充组合物 | |
利塞膦酸钠油酰聚乙二醇-6甘油酯胶态二氧化硅乙二胺四乙酸二钠总计 | 50mg*370mg5mg125mg550mg |
凝胶外壳组合物 | |
明胶甘油酐化的液体山梨醇(特定山梨醇,76%)纯化水二氧化钛FD&C红色40号,E129FD&C蓝色1号,E133总计 | 123.4mg44.1mg27.1mg17.1mg1.0mg0.96mg0.30mg214mg |
总胶囊重量 | 764mg |
*此量基于无水利基膦酸单钠盐进行计算。
如下制备具有上述组成的软明胶胶囊:
将油酰聚乙二醇-6甘油酯加入到配备高架搅拌器的悬浮液罐中。使利塞膦酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、胶态二氧化硅通过研磨机,并在持续搅拌下加入到油酰聚乙二醇-6甘油酯中。将混合物搅拌约60分钟。然后,使共混物除去气泡,并准备填充到胶囊中。在搅拌的同时,在一个加热真空容器中混合甘油、特定山梨醇和纯化水。加热,直至温度达到至少80℃,然后加入明胶并搅拌75分钟。检查凝胶团块,以使颗粒完全溶解。假如需要的话,持续加热并搅拌,直至观察不到未溶解的颗粒。使凝胶团块除去气泡,然后在持续搅拌下,加入二氧化钛、FD&C红色40号和FD&C蓝色1号。将凝胶团块排放到加热的凝胶储存罐中,用于随后的加工处理。然后在软明胶胶囊填充机上,胶囊包封填充物质。
实施例X
向一名诊断患有绝经后骨质疏松症的65kg女性患者,开具如实施例I所述的包肠溶衣口服剂型处方,一周服用一次,所述处方包含35mg利塞膦酸盐和100mg乙二胺四乙酸二钠。患者与早餐一起服用口服剂型,每周一次。利塞膦酸盐的吸收量等于禁食状态下吸收35mg即时释放片剂中利塞膦酸盐的量。
实施例XI
向一名诊断患有前列腺癌和高骨转化率疾病的70kg男性患者,开具如实施例I所述的包肠溶衣口服剂型处方,一周服用一次,所述处方包含35mg利塞膦酸盐和150mg柠檬酸。患者每周服用一次口服剂型,睡前立即服用。患者没有感到上胃肠道刺激或不适。
实施例XII
向一组诊断患有绝经后骨质疏松症的女性患者,开具如实施例IV所述的包肠溶衣口服剂型处方,一周服用一次,所述处方包含50mg利塞膦酸盐。患者与早餐一起服用口服剂型,每周一次。利塞膦酸盐的吸收量等于每人摄入食物或饮料前30分钟吸收35mg即时释放片剂中利塞膦酸盐的量。
所有引用文献的相关部分均引入本文以供参考;任何文献的引用不可解释为是对其作为本发明的现有技术的认可。
尽管已用具体实施方案来说明和描述了本发明,但对于本领域的技术人员显而易见的是,在不背离本发明的精神和保护范围的情况下可作出许多其它的变化和修改。因此,有意识地在附加的权利要求书中包括属于本发明范围内的所有这些变化和修改。
Claims (10)
1.一种包含安全有效量的药物组合物的利塞膦酸盐口服剂型,所述药物组合物包含:
(a)1mg至250mg的利塞膦酸盐;
(b)10mg至970mg的螯合剂;和
(c)用于在小肠中即时释放利塞膦酸盐和螯合剂的延时释放机制;
其中所述组合物重量不超过1克。
2.如权利要求1所述的口服剂型,其中所述螯合剂溶解在水中的量为所述利塞膦酸盐量的至少50%,并且所述螯合剂选自乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、乳酸、赖氨酸、六偏磷酸钠、它们的盐、以及它们的组合,优选选自乙二胺四乙酸钠或乙二胺四乙酸二钠、柠檬酸、六偏磷酸钠、以及它们的组合,更优选地其中所述螯合剂为乙二胺四乙酸二钠。
3.如前述任一项权利要求所述的口服剂型,其中用于使所述双膦酸酯和所述螯合剂在下胃肠道中延时释放的方法选自由下列方法组成的组:pH触发的递送体系、依赖时间的递送体系、以及它们的组合。
4.如前述任一项权利要求所述的口服剂型,其中用于延时释放的方法是pH触发的递送体系,优选地所述pH触发的递送体系包括在pH5.5时溶解的肠溶衣。
5.如前述任一项权利要求所述的口服剂型,其中所述药物组合物由0.5%至75%的利塞膦酸盐和25%至99.5%的药用赋形剂构成。
6.一种包含安全有效量的药物组合物的口服剂型,特征在于所述药物组合物包含:
(a)10mg至70mg的利塞膦酸盐;
(b)25mg至500mg的乙二胺四乙酸二钠;和
(c)肠溶衣,所述肠溶衣提供所述双膦酸酯和所述乙二胺四乙酸在哺乳动物小肠中的释放。
7.如前述任一项权利要求所述的口服剂型,所述口服剂型用于治疗或预防具有不正常钙和磷酸盐代谢特征的疾病,优选地所述疾病选自骨质疏松、帕哲病、甲状旁腺机能亢进、恶性肿瘤高血钙症和溶骨性骨转移,更优选地所述疾病为骨质疏松。
8.如前述任一项权利要求所述的口服剂型,其中所述口服剂型按照连续的时间表服用,所述时间表具有选自每日一次、每周一次、每月三次、每月两次和每月一次的服用间隔,优选地所述口服剂型每周服用一次。
9.如前述任一项权利要求所述的口服剂型,其中患者与食物一起服用或不一起服用口服剂型。
10.一种套盒,特征在于所述套盒包含:
(a)一种或多种如前述任一项权利要求所述的口服剂型;和
(b)用于提高顺从性的方法。
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102885759A (zh) * | 2011-07-20 | 2013-01-23 | 杭州赛利药物研究所有限公司 | 利塞膦酸钠延释制剂及其制备方法 |
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US7645459B2 (en) | 2010-01-12 |
US8246989B2 (en) | 2012-08-21 |
RU2381791C2 (ru) | 2010-02-20 |
KR101280138B1 (ko) | 2013-06-28 |
US20050260262A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
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NO20075834L (no) | 2007-11-14 |
CA2602188A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
US20130331361A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
US20130012478A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
JP2008535912A (ja) | 2008-09-04 |
CA2675652A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
CN104027323A (zh) | 2014-09-10 |
US20100086593A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
WO2006112889A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
IN2012DN00827A (zh) | 2015-06-26 |
KR20110002887A (ko) | 2011-01-10 |
MA29681B1 (fr) | 2008-08-01 |
EP1868584A1 (en) | 2007-12-26 |
IL268462A (en) | 2019-09-26 |
JP4788765B2 (ja) | 2011-10-05 |
CA2602188C (en) | 2009-10-13 |
AU2005330654A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
SMAP200700047A (it) | 2007-11-21 |
SMP200700047B (it) | 2007-11-21 |
IL186339A0 (en) | 2008-01-20 |
KR101070205B1 (ko) | 2011-10-06 |
MX2007012821A (es) | 2007-11-20 |
AU2005330654B2 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
KR20070111551A (ko) | 2007-11-21 |
BRPI0520082A2 (pt) | 2009-04-14 |
RU2007136046A (ru) | 2009-05-20 |
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