US5859A - Improvement in cultivators - Google Patents

Description

G. BEECHING.

Gvultivator.

- Patented Oct.- 17, 1848.

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GEO. BEEOHING, OF AUGUSTA, NEW YORK.

IMPRovi-:M ENT IN ouL'rlvAroRs.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 5,859, dated October 17, 1848.

, To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE BEEGHING, of Augusta, in the county of Oneida and-State of New York, have invented certain new and use ful Improvements in Oultivators, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the annexed drawings of the saine, making part of this specication, of which- Figure l is a top view, and Fig. 2 a side elevation.

The same letters'in the differentiigures refer to corresponding parts.

The frame of myim proved cultivator is coinposed of two central parallel pieces of scant-l ling, A A, to the outside of which the oblique pieces A A are joined by bolts or otherwise at their front ends and by the tranverse piece A2 at their rear ends. lo give increased rigidity to the frame the transverse slot A3 is passed through near the middle of the timbers in suitable mortises made for that purpose,

and the front ends of the central pieces are joined by the bent staple or U-shaped piece of iron B, bolted to the inner sides of the timbers. The block A4 is for the purpose of holding the center tooth, and is secured between the middle timbers by bolts or otherwise.

Between the front ends of the middle tim bers the wheel C is placed. Its journals turn in suitable bearin gs formed in the upper ends ot' the adjustable standards c c. This wheel is for the purpose of gaging the depth of the furrow and sustaining the weight of thc chains or whifetrees by which the beasts of the draft may be harnessed to the cultivator. lWhen the wheel is adjusted so as to allow the teeth to cut the required depth of furrow it is secured in such position by means of the clampscrews c2 c2. On the front of the iron B a projecting bar, B', is secured, in which a vertical range of holes are made for the purpose of varying the point of draft. On the sides of this iron rectangular guide-grooves are formed, in which the standards c slide, and in which they are held by the clamp-screws c2 c2. i

To the rear end ot' the frame the two pairs of handles E E and F F are secured in any suitable way. The handles E E are made and arranged in the usual manner; but thelower handlesare placed near the ground, and are spread sufciently far apart to be out of the way of the of nuts e, which tit upon 'the upper ends of the shanks, which protrude through the frame, the shanks having screws formed on them corresponding to the screws of the nuts. The teeth are composed of two principal parts-- the shanks or standards and the shares or cutters. The cutters are formed of thin pieces of steel, nearly square, having two of their adjacent sides slightly convex. These are to form the cutting-edges, and the angle formed by the meeting of these curved sides is the front or point of the tooth. The length of the transverse diagonal line of the cutter equals the distance from center to center of the furrows, so that in their progress the teeth cut the whole area of the ground passed ,over by the cultivator.

The shanks are made of a stout bar of wrought-iron, the upper ends being the thickest, and having a collar formedy on them to abut against the underside of the frame-timbers for the purpose of bracing them. They gradually taper toward the lower end, Where they are bent round, so as to bring the foot. which 'is ilattened out, into nearlya horizontal position, the toe point being alittle the lowest. The front edges and point of the foot are ftapered down to a feather-edge, the thickest part being in the line of the longitudinal diagonal ot' the cutter or share, forming a ridge, which is a continuation of the front corner of the shank, and the slopingsides of the foot are continuations of the oblique sides of the front of the same. To the under side of the foot thus formed the steel cutter is welded firmly and then tempered. This completes the lower end or share of the tooth. On the upper end ofthe tooth a tenen is formed, which is passed through a corresponding mortise made in the frame. On the upper end of this tenon ascrew is cut and a nut tted thereon for the purpose of securing the tooth rmly in the frame.

This implement is designed to be used as a subsoil-eultivaior only where the surface soil has been previously plowed up and pulverized. In this ease the superstratum ot'ers but little resistance to the progress ot the standards through it, and the cross-section of the cutters being so small,they are drawn through the substratum with comparatively little force, two horses being for this purpose quite sufficient, whereas four arc required to break up the snbsoil by means of any other known implement. By the action of this implement the subsoil is effeetually disrupted and scartied at the same time that it is neither inverted nor much displaced, which in many cases is a matter ofmuoh importance, particularly where the soil is thin and it-is desired to kyep it, together with the manure mixed with it, near the surface, but at the same time stir up the subsoil to permit the roots of plants to penetratelbeyoud the reach of drought. By altering the gage of the depth ot the furrow this implement may be used as a surface-cultivator, for which purpose it is well adapted, as the teeth are arranged to plow parallel equidistant furrows and cutover and loosen every part of the ground passed over, thus effectually cutting up the weeds and leaving` the soil in excellent condition to receive the seed.

The steel cutter or share, being of tempered steel, is much harder than the iron of the foot to which it is welded. The iron therefore wears away much the faster, which keeps the cutter constantly sharp, and thus rendering it selfsharpening.

l do not claim to be the inventor of the subsoil plow, nor ofthe many-toothed cultivator, nor of the wheeled and handled eultivator or plow, nor of the triangular cultivator-frame; but

What I do claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The construction ot' quadrangnlar teeth for eultivators, as described and represented.

2. The construction of the U-shaped iron brace, having a clevis formed 0n its front and two vertical transverse grooves on its sides, as combined with the parallel timbers A A of the frame and the adjustive standards c c.

3. The extra handles F F for raising the cultivator in turning at the end of the furrow or going over stones, Src., as described.

GEORGE BEECHING;

Witnesses:

LEVI T. MARSHALL, GEORGE T. HALL.

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