CN101165384A - 用于软管和管子的插塞连接装置 - Google Patents

用于软管和管子的插塞连接装置 Download PDF

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CN101165384A
CN101165384A CNA2007101929532A CN200710192953A CN101165384A CN 101165384 A CN101165384 A CN 101165384A CN A2007101929532 A CNA2007101929532 A CN A2007101929532A CN 200710192953 A CN200710192953 A CN 200710192953A CN 101165384 A CN101165384 A CN 101165384A
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sleeve
wall
circular groove
pipe
inwall
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CN100564980C (zh
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J·柯特茨
G·瓦克特
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Norma Germany GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L37/00Couplings of the quick-acting type
    • F16L37/24Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection is made by inserting one member axially into the other and rotating it to a limited extent, e.g. with bayonet action
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L33/00Arrangements for connecting hoses to rigid members; Rigid hose connectors, i.e. single members engaging both hoses
    • F16L33/20Undivided rings, sleeves or like members contracted on the hose or expanded in the hose by means of tools; Arrangements using such members
    • F16L33/207Undivided rings, sleeves or like members contracted on the hose or expanded in the hose by means of tools; Arrangements using such members only a sleeve being contracted on the hose
    • F16L33/2071Undivided rings, sleeves or like members contracted on the hose or expanded in the hose by means of tools; Arrangements using such members only a sleeve being contracted on the hose the sleeve being a separate connecting member
    • F16L33/2073Undivided rings, sleeves or like members contracted on the hose or expanded in the hose by means of tools; Arrangements using such members only a sleeve being contracted on the hose the sleeve being a separate connecting member directly connected to the rigid member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L33/00Arrangements for connecting hoses to rigid members; Rigid hose connectors, i.e. single members engaging both hoses
    • F16L33/20Undivided rings, sleeves or like members contracted on the hose or expanded in the hose by means of tools; Arrangements using such members
    • F16L33/213Undivided rings, sleeves or like members contracted on the hose or expanded in the hose by means of tools; Arrangements using such members only a sleeve being expanded inside the hose
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L37/00Couplings of the quick-acting type
    • F16L37/08Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L37/00Couplings of the quick-acting type
    • F16L37/08Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members
    • F16L37/084Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members combined with automatic locking
    • F16L37/088Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members combined with automatic locking by means of a split elastic ring
    • F16L37/0885Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members combined with automatic locking by means of a split elastic ring with access to the split elastic ring from a radial or tangential opening in the coupling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L37/00Couplings of the quick-acting type
    • F16L37/08Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members
    • F16L37/12Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members using hooks, pawls or other movable or insertable locking members
    • F16L37/1225Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection between abutting or axially overlapping ends is maintained by locking members using hooks, pawls or other movable or insertable locking members using a retaining member the extremities of which, e.g. in the form of a U, engage behind a shoulder of both parts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S285/00Pipe joints or couplings
    • Y10S285/921Snap-fit

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
  • Joints That Cut Off Fluids, And Hose Joints (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于软管和管子的插塞连接装置,具有套筒、连接环和密封环;可从套筒的一端将软管(2)插入并夹紧于套筒的外壁和内壁之间,在套筒另一端具有第一环形槽(10);该连接环既可以与套筒(3),也可以与管子(1)卡接;密封环(5)位于套筒(3)和管子(1)之间。为了使插塞连接装置能够耐受较高的轴向荷载,并且具有紧凑的结构,连接环(4)是板簧环,其两个圆周边缘上具有指向内侧的凸缘(13);其中一个圆周边缘的凸缘(13)可以卡入第一环形槽(10)之中,另一个圆周边缘的凸缘(13)可以卡入管子(1)上的固定肋(7)后面;密封环(5)位于第二环形槽(11)之中,且管子(1)的末段(6)可以插入套筒(3)之中。

Description

用于软管和管子的插塞连接装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于软管和管子的插塞连接装置,具有一个套筒、一个开口的弹性连接环和一个密封环;套筒具有外壁和内壁,可从套筒的一端将软管插入并夹紧于外壁和内壁之间,在套筒另一端具有第一环形槽;连接环的延伸范围大于180°,该连接环既可以与套筒,也可以与管子卡接在一起;当管子和软管处于连接状态时,密封环能够使套筒相对于管子密封。
背景技术
由DE 197 40 649 B4所公布的就是这一类型的装置,其中的连接环使用弹簧钢丝制成。从外侧将管子推送到套筒上之后,沿切向推入连接环的两边通过管子和套筒的周向槽口。外侧槽口的边缘向外受压,内侧槽口的边缘则向外和向内受压。这一方式的优点在于:可以形成连接环两边的轴向支座,从而将管子和套筒固定在一起。弹簧钢丝的横断面为圆形。因此当连接的轴向荷载较高时,可以沿径向将连接环的支腿向外侧压迫,直至使其越过向外受压的槽口边缘,从而松开连接。此外,由于支腿会使边缘承受弹性的点荷载,因此这些边缘在支腿的压力作用下有发生变形的危险。
(实际使用的)连接环在其支腿之间的横向部分中有一个从沿管子的圆周上径向笨拙地伸出的凸起部分,可以利用工具或者用手将其抓住,从而通过沿径向拔出连接环,即可松开连接。
密封环位于第一环形槽之中,就在该环形槽与管子之间。脏物可能会通过管子的槽口进入,多次松开连接以及重新连接时,脏物可能会将密封环弄脏,从而使其不再起密封作用。
发明内容
本发明的任务就在于提供一种前述类型的插塞连接装置,该装置能够耐受较高的轴向负荷,并且结构更为紧凑。
根据本发明所述任务已通过下列方式加以解决:所用连接环是一种板簧环,其在其两个圆周边缘上有指向内侧的凸缘,其中一个圆周边缘的凸缘可以卡入第一环形槽之中,另一个圆周边缘的凸缘则可以卡入管子上的固定肋后面,密封环位于由套筒内壁和第一环形槽的轴向里壁所限定的第二环形槽之中,且管子的末段可以插入套筒之中。这种解决方案省去了连接环上笨拙的凸起部分。将扩张钳放在连接环的周向末端之间,或者将其插入所述末端的孔之中,就可以松开连接。可以用非常抗弯的弹簧钢制成连接环,从而即使当连接装置轴向负荷较高时,连接环的凸缘也不会沿轴向向外弯曲,并保持稳固连接。这些凸缘可以在连接的轴向荷载作用下支撑于第一环形槽的大的周边区域上,从而不会使第一环形槽的轴向外壁承受点荷载,而是出现相应高的表面压力。这些凸缘最好大面积贴靠在第一环形槽的轴向外壁上。
采用本发明所述的插塞连接装置,不会使脏物从外侧到达密封环上,因为密封环位于套筒之内。因此其密封性可以较长时间得以保持。
此外,其中至少一个套筒壁可以具有能够朝向软管方向上沿径向永久变形的金属板。可以在将软管插入套筒之后产生变形,使得软管紧紧卡在套筒之中。
最好由套筒的可以永久变形的金属板双壁地形成第一环形槽。当连接承受轴向荷载时通过连接环的凸缘而承受荷载的第一环形槽的壁面由此具有较高的抗弯刚度,且不会在轴向荷载较高时发生弯曲。
此外,套筒的外壁还可以具有一个向内伸出、用于咬入到软管材料之中的突出部分。该突出部分还有助于将软管轴向固定于套筒之中。
套筒的外壁可以具有能够永久变形的金属板,该金属板为了外壁的每个突出部分具有沿套筒圆周方向延伸的槽口,槽口的与插入套筒中的软管末端相背的边缘,被向内压成为外壁的突出部分。这样的突出部分犹如倒钩,当连接装置承受轴向载荷时,比较容易更深地挤入软管材料之中。
套筒的内壁最好具有塑料,并且与套筒的外壁形状配合连接。套筒的这种型式便于按照所需要求将套筒壁成型。可以使套筒内壁向外形成圣诞树状肋纹,以提高软管在套筒中的固着力。
除此之外,套筒内壁的塑料还可以具有热塑性,且内壁可以构成第二环形槽的底部以及轴向里壁。这样就可以将密封环设计成唇形密封件,该密封件具有弹性体,并且在第二环形槽中注塑成型于套筒内壁的塑料上。采用这种型式的密封环及其固定于第二环形槽中的方式,可不必单独装配密封环。除此之外,该密封环还具有很高的密封作用。
也可以使套筒的外壁为塑料件,使套筒的内壁为可以永久变形的金属板,并且与外壁以形状配合连接。
可以用能够永久变形的金属板单件地构成套筒和第一环形槽。这样就使得第一环形槽为双壁型式,因此抗弯刚度更好。
套筒壁的形状配合连接可以是一种卡锁式插塞连接。这样可便于进行连接。
附图说明
以下将根据首选实施例的附图,对本发明及其延伸发明进行详细说明。其中包括:
图1本发明所述插塞连接装置的第一实施例的轴向剖面图,该连接装置用于将管子与软管连接在一起,
图2图1所示插塞连接装置的部分透视图,不包括管子,
图3本发明所述插塞连接装置的第二实施例的轴向剖视图,其相对于图1所示的插塞连接装置略有不同,
图4图3所示插塞连接装置的透视图,不包括管子,
图5图3所示插塞连接装置轴向剖面图的放大图,用一个唇形密封件替代图3中所示的O形密封圈,
图6本发明所述插塞连接装置的第三实施例轴向剖面放大图,与图1所示的有所不同,
图7本发明所述插塞连接装置的第四实施例轴向剖面放大图,与图1所示的有所不同,
具体实施方式
图1和图2的本发明所述插塞连接装置的第一实施例由管子1(也可以是管接头)、软管2、套筒3、连接环4以及密封环5(这里是O形密封圈)构成。
管子1具有热塑性塑料,例如PA、POM、PBT或者PBN塑料,但也可以具有金属。
软管2同样也具有塑料(例如弹性体),但也可以具有橡胶。
套管3由可以永久变形的金属板构成,最好是铝或者钢。
连接环4由弹簧钢构成。
密封环5同样也是由弹性体或者橡胶构成。
管子1有一个带有周向固定肋7的末段6,该固定肋具有倾斜接触面,并且限定环形槽。当连接管子1和软管2时,将末段6插入套筒3的末段之中。
套筒3由外壁8和内壁9整体构成,外壁与内壁在软管侧的末段中具有一径向间距。将软管2的末段在外壁8和内壁9之间插入套筒3之中,通过外壁8和/或者内壁9的永久变形(图中并未绘出)将其夹紧在套筒3之中。可以至少由一个沿套筒3的圆周方向延伸的卷曲(Sicke)形成变形。
套筒3的位于管子一侧的末段构成一个具有一定相应抗弯刚度并且沿径向向外开口的双壁的第一环形槽10、一个与第一环形槽10邻接的第二环形槽11,第二环形槽径向向内开口,并且容纳密封圈5,使得密封圈5能够对套筒3内侧及插入套筒3之中的管子1末段6的外侧进行密封。
套筒3的外壁8还具有开口12,从而可以在将软管2夹紧在套筒3中之前,以目视方式检查软管是否已经足够远地插入套筒3之中。
连接环3在其每一个轴向边缘上均具有沿径向向内突出的凸缘13。在管子1的末段6插入套筒3之前,软管一侧的凸缘13就已经卡入环形槽10之中。具有一个轴向槽口14(图2)的连接环4,可借助插入槽口14,或者插入在槽口14边缘附近的孔15之中的扩张钳扩张,使得连接环沿轴向越过环形槽10的端面一侧边缘,并且在连接环4卸载时,将连接环卡入环形槽10之中。如图2所示,在槽口14的径向对面有位于凸缘13之间的缺口,以可用来扩张连接环4。软管一侧的凸缘13在其全部周边长度范围内大面积至少贴靠于环形槽10的轴向外侧的内侧上,但最好使其贴靠于环形槽10的两个内侧上,如图1所示。当连接装置承受轴向荷载时,这种大面积贴靠方式具有较小的单位面积压力。
将连接环4预装配在套筒3上之后,将管子1的末段6插入套筒3之中,其中在扩张连接环4的情况下,使得位于插入侧的凸缘13越过固定肋7的倾斜接触面,并且使其卡入环形槽8之中。由于软管一侧的凸缘13在很大程度上填满环形槽10,因此当连接管子1时,连接环4实际上无法轴向移动。
也可以使凸缘13略微朝向连接环4的轴向中心倾斜。这样就使得凸缘具有更大的抗弯刚性来承受连接装置的轴向荷载,并且当装配连接环4或者连接管子1时,这些凸缘可以更加易于滑过环形槽10的端面边缘或者固定肋7。那么凸缘13的径向内侧边缘与环形槽8或者10的相应侧之间仅为直线形接触,但这种接触方式在许多荷载情况下足以避免这些侧的变形。
在图3和4所示的实施例中,只要使用与图1和2中相同的零件图标记,那么就和图1和2所示的第一实施例一样。与图1和2中所示零件不同的那些零件的图标记均带有脚注″a″。
因此仅套筒3a不同于第一实施例。其外壁8a具有可以永久变形的金属板,并且与具有热塑性塑料的内壁9a分开制造,然后与其形状配合连接。这种形状配合连接是一种可卡锁的插塞连接。其在于外壁8a具有四个向内压制的突出部分16,这些突出部分均匀分布于外壁8a的圆周上,且内壁9a具有一个周向固定肋17,当软管2插入套管3a之中时,该固定肋就会在突出部分16后面卡入。固定肋17端面一侧具有一个倾斜接触面。突出部分16在其背面同样也具有一个倾斜接触面。这些倾斜接触面有助于内壁9a和外壁8a相互插接,因为更加易于使突出部分16和固定肋17彼此相互运动。
通过径向压入沿圆周方向延伸的短槽口19的一个边缘18(图4)的方式构成突出部分16。
外壁8a具有另外的向内压制的突出部分20,这些突出部分均匀分布于固定肋3a的圆周上,并且与突出部分16一样,但比突出部分16略小一些地构成。有几个突出部分以此先后排列。此外,外壁8a也和第一实施例的外壁8一样,构成双壁环形槽10。
内壁9a在其外侧形成圣诞树状肋纹,即具有相互平行的周向肋21,并且利用阶梯状的突出部分22来限定第二环形槽11的其中一侧和底部。通过第一环形槽10或者外壁8a的双壁部分限定环形槽11的另一侧。
当软管2在外壁8a和内壁9a之间插入套筒3a时,突出部分20和肋21就会卡入软管材料之中,使得软管2牢牢固定在套筒3a之中。外壁8还可以具有向内沿径向压制的变形部分(例如卷曲),使得软管2更加牢固地固定在套筒3a之中,并且使连接能够耐受更高的轴向荷载。视连接的轴向荷载的大小而定,也可以设计有较少或者较大数量的突出部分16和20。当荷载的轴向较小时,仅一个肋纹21和/或者仅一个突出部分20就已足够,尤其当外壁8a向内变形时,例如当外壁具有卷曲时。
图5中仅为本发明所述插塞连接装置实施例的放大剖面图,与图3和4所示实施例的区别仅在于密封圈5a,该密封圈作为弹性塑料制成的唇形密封件注塑在环槽11中,之后将内壁9a插入外壁8a。密封圈5a具有比O形密封圈5更好的密封作用,并且不需要单独进行装配。
图6中为本发明所述插塞连接装置实施例的局部放大剖面图,与图1和2中所示实施例的主要区别仅在于:套筒3b的外壁8b具有塑料,当外壁8b和内壁9相互插接时,可以利用在环形槽11上方与环形槽相隔一定间距且向后弯折的部分23,将外壁在外壁8b的两个向内伸出的突出部分24和25之间卡入,使得在外壁8b和内壁9之间形成一个形状配合插塞连接。为了将软管2夹紧在外壁8b和内壁之间,仅使具有还能够永久变形的金属板的内壁9产生变形即可,例如同样也可利用沿内壁9的圆周方向延伸的,并且向外沿径向压入内壁9之中的卷曲,卷曲咬入到软管材料之中。
图7中同样仅为本发明所述插塞连接装置实施例的局部放大剖面图,与图6中所示实施例的区别仅在于:外壁8c内侧还具有阶梯形构造26,并且内壁9的片段23具有向外沿径向突出的凸缘27,当外壁8c和内壁9插接在一起时,该凸缘就会卡入阶梯形构造26与突出部分25之间。片段23支撑于环形槽11的底部上。凸缘27因此可以耐受连接的较高的轴向荷载,而不会从阶梯形构造26和突出部分25之间的槽中松脱。

Claims (12)

1.用于软管(2)和管子(1)的插塞连接装置,具有套筒(3;3a-3c)、开口的弹性连接环(4)和密封环(5;5a);套筒具有外壁(8;8a-8c)和内壁(9;9a-9c),可以从套筒的一端将软管(2)插入并夹紧在外壁和内壁之间,在套筒另一端具有第一环形槽(10);连接环的延伸范围大于180°,该连接环既可以与套筒(3;3a-3c),也可以与管子(1)卡接;当管子(1)和软管(2)处于连接状态时,密封环(5;5a)能够使套筒(3;3a-3c)相对于管子(1)密封;其特征在于:连接环(4)是板簧环,其在两个圆周边缘上有向内指向的凸缘(13),其中一个圆周边缘的凸缘(13)可以卡入第一环形槽(10)之中,另一个圆周边缘的凸缘(13)可以卡入管子(1)上的固定肋(7)后面,密封环(5;5a)位于由套筒(3;3a-3c)内壁(9;9a)和第一环形槽(10)的轴向里壁所限定的第二环形槽(11)之中,且管子(1)的末段(6)可以插入套筒(3;3a-3c)之中。
2.按照权利要求1所述的插塞连接装置,其特征在于:至少所述一个套筒壁(8;8a;9)具有可以沿径向朝向软管(2)方向永久变形的金属板。
3.按照权利要求1或者2所述的插塞连接装置,其特征在于:第一环形槽(10)双壁地由套筒(3)的可以永久变形的金属板形成。
4.按照权利要求1~3中任一权利要求所述的插塞连接装置,其特征在于:套筒(3a)的外壁(8a)具有至少一个向内伸出的、用于咬入到软管材料之中的突出部分(20)。
5.按照权利要求4所述的插塞连接装置,其特征在于:套筒(3a)的外壁(8a)具有可以永久变形的金属板,且金属板为容纳外壁(8a)的每个突出部分(20)具有沿套筒(3a)圆周方向延伸的槽口(19),槽口的与插入套筒(3a)中的软管末端相背的边缘作为外壁(8a)的突出部分被向内压制。
6.按照权利要求5所述的插塞连接装置,其特征在于:套筒(3a)的内壁(9a)具有塑料,并且与套筒(3a)的外壁(8a)以形状配合连接。
7.按照权利要求8所述的插塞连接装置,其特征在于:套筒(3a)的内壁(9a)外侧形成圣诞树状肋纹。
8.按照权利要求6或者7所述的插塞连接装置,其特征在于:套筒(3a)内壁(9a)的塑料具有热塑性,且内壁(9a)构成第二环形槽(11)的底部以及轴向里壁。
9.按照权利要求8所述的插塞连接装置,其特征在于:密封环(5a)是唇形密封件,该密封件具有弹性体,并且在第二环形槽(11)中注塑于套筒(3a)内壁(9a)的塑料上。
10.按照权利要求1~4中任一权利要求所述的插塞连接装置,其特征在于:套筒(3b;3c)的外壁(8b;8c)具有塑料,且套筒(3b;3c)的内壁(9)具有可以永久变形的金属板并且与外壁(8b;8c)形状配合连接。
11.按照权利要求2所述的插塞连接装置,其特征在于:套筒(3)和第一环形槽(10)单件地构造。
12.按照权利要求6和10所述的插塞连接装置,其特征在于:套筒壁(8a;8b;8c,9;9a)的形状配合连接是卡锁式插塞连接。
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ES2327788T3 (es) 2009-11-03
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