CN101107456A - 部分衬片式盘式制动器 - Google Patents

部分衬片式盘式制动器 Download PDF

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CN101107456A
CN101107456A CNA2006800025820A CN200680002582A CN101107456A CN 101107456 A CN101107456 A CN 101107456A CN A2006800025820 A CNA2006800025820 A CN A2006800025820A CN 200680002582 A CN200680002582 A CN 200680002582A CN 101107456 A CN101107456 A CN 101107456A
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brake
housing
partially lined
disk brake
supporting surface
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CN101107456B (zh
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M·罗伊特
J·巴尔茨
R·派特里
S·扎尔茨曼
D·埃泽尔
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Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH
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Continental Teves AG and Co OHG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F16D55/2265—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing
    • F16D55/227—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing by two or more pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D65/095—Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D65/095—Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/097—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D65/095—Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/097—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts
    • F16D65/0973—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts not subjected to brake forces
    • F16D65/0974—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts not subjected to brake forces acting on or in the vicinity of the pad rim in a direction substantially transverse to the brake disc axis
    • F16D65/0975—Springs made from wire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/092—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D65/095—Pivots or supporting members therefor
    • F16D65/097—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts
    • F16D65/0973—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts not subjected to brake forces
    • F16D65/0974—Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members or other brake parts not subjected to brake forces acting on or in the vicinity of the pad rim in a direction substantially transverse to the brake disc axis
    • F16D65/0975—Springs made from wire
    • F16D65/0976—Springs made from wire acting on one pad only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/02—Fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/14—Mechanical
    • F16D2121/16—Mechanical for releasing a normally applied brake

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种部分衬片式盘式制动器(1)，具有：壳体(2)；壳体桥接部(3)；至少一个壳体分支部(6)，所述壳体分支部具有包括致动单元(5)和可沿一运动轴线(13)移动的构件(4)的操作单元(4、5)。此外设有至少一个制动块(21)，所述制动块(21)布置在所述构件(4)上，并且可移动地支承在至少一个支持件(27、28)上。所述制动块(21)由一压紧弹簧(14)在一个支承面(15、16)上与支持件(27、28)张紧。本发明的目的是提供一种带有压紧弹簧的、具有改善的制动块通风性能的部分衬片式盘式制动器。所述目的这样来实现，即，所述压紧弹簧(14)的支承面(15、16)布置成与运动轴线(13)是不平行的。因此，不仅产生径向的预紧力FR，而且产生与其垂直的力分量FX，该力分量支持制动块(21)离开制动盘的返回运动，并由此改善通风性能。

Description

部分衬片式盘式制动器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种特别是用于机动车的、带有壳体的部分衬片式盘式制动器(Teilbelag-Scheibenbremse)，所述壳体包括壳体桥接部、具有操作单元的第一壳体分支部和靠外的第二壳体分支部。其中在壳体分支部的内侧上分别安装有带制动衬片和背板(Rückenplatte)的制动块，所述制动块对制动盘加载作用。在操作单元的运动轴线方向上，壳体与制动块可移动地支承在相对于机动车固定的保持件上。另外，在操作单元一侧，在壳体桥接部的贴合面与制动块之间设有相对于保持件和贴合面将制动块预压紧的压紧弹簧，以防止制动块在保持件上发出撞击声(Ratter)。
背景技术
在DE 2558141 A1中公布了一种相应的部分衬片式盘式制动器，该制动器具有作为操作单元的活塞-缸单元。在操作制动器时，活塞从缸中运动出来并且将活塞侧的制动块推压到制动盘上，直至制动块贴靠在那里为止。现在活塞-缸单元和活塞侧的壳体分支部(Gehuseschenkel)移动离开制动盘，并向制动盘侧的方向拉动相对的壳体分支部。由此将另外一个制动块压靠在制动盘上，并且两个制动块都在制动盘上施加法向力。当制动块被释放时，在活塞-缸单元里不存在液压压力，并且制动块不再在制动盘上施加法向力。然而它仍然贴靠在制动盘上，并且由于摩擦产生剩余的制动力矩，即所谓的剩余力矩。此外，衬片受到了增加的热负荷，因为在衬片与盘之间没有调整出空气流，并且衬片和盘在热上不是脱离接合的。
发明内容
由此出发，本发明的目的在于，提供一种带有压紧弹簧的部分衬片式盘式制动器，所述制动器具有改善的制动块通风性能，即减小剩余力矩，并且还使衬片与盘在热上脱离接合。
根据本发明这样来实现所述目的，即，将壳体桥接部(Gehusebrücke)中的压紧弹簧的支承面布置成与操作元件的可移动部件沿着其移动的运动轴线是不平行的。因此，不只产生将制动块压靠在保持件上的径向预紧力，而且产生与径向预紧力垂直的力分量。由此，支持制动块和操作元件的运动部件远离制动盘的返回运动，并且由此改善通风性能，因为在制动块与制动盘之间设置了小的空气间隙。
本发明的一个优选实施形式包含这样的教导，即，在支承面与运动轴线之间设有大于0°的角α，其中角α位于由运动轴线和合成的弹簧力的力向量FF张成的平面内。这会产生这样的结果，即，除了与运动轴线平行的预紧力FR，弹簧还产生一轴向力分量FX，所述力分量使活塞和活塞侧的制动块移动回到初始位置，并且因此改善了通风过程。
已经证明，当角α大于大约1.5°时，与运动轴线平行的力分量FX对于通风性能的作用特别有效。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施形式中，将所述角α限制在从大约1.5°至11°的范围内。当角度α大于11°时，制动块的径向预紧力FR有利于与运动轴平行的轴向力分量FX地强烈降低，从而不能由此得到有利的工作状态。
由于压紧弹簧和壳体桥接部的材料配对(Materialpaarung)，并且由于应用场合的环境条件，压紧弹簧与支承面之间的接触区域受到强烈的腐蚀。因此，已经证明，如果在壳体桥接部内在压紧弹簧与支承面之间设有至少一个小的、类似于点状的接触面，以保持腐蚀元件尽可能的小并且由此减小腐蚀，则是特别有利的。
为了能够有利地制造所述盘式制动器，支承面与壳体桥接部设计成一体的。由于可以在一个铸造过程中制造支承面与壳体桥接部，不会出现附加的制造成本。
在本发明的另一个实施形式中，支承面与壳体桥接部设计成多件式的。从而可以保证，通过采用特别硬的和/或耐腐蚀的材料，在选择适当的材料的情况下，可以减缓支承面与弹簧的磨损和/或腐蚀，。
另外，当采用金属丝(异形)弹簧(Drahtfeder)和/或板簧作为压紧弹簧时，可以得到在制造成本上的优点，因为这种弹簧由于其简单的构造可以在有利的条件下大批量生产。
特别是当采用液压或机电的操作单元时，可以明显地看出本发明的其它的优点。因为在液压的操作单元中通常只能有一个主动的移动方向，完全没有用于活塞和制动块的液压回复力，弹簧力FF轴向的、起拉回作用的的力分量FX对于制动器的功能性有着重要的意义。在机电地操作时，在操作单元失效且不能拉回制动块情况下，力分量FX特别的重要。
附图说明
本发明的其它细节根据说明由附图得出：
图1本发明的第一实施例的部分衬片式盘式制动器的沿线II-II剖视图，
图2前述实施例的沿截面线I-I另一个视图，和
图3根据另一个实施例的部分衬片式盘式制动器的透视图，其中支承面构造为附装件。
具体实施方式
图1和图2以两个剖视图示出了部分衬片式盘式制动器1的第一实施例。部分衬片式盘式制动器1包括壳体2，壳体由第一壳体分支部6、壳体桥接部3、与相对于车辆靠外的第二壳体分支部7组成。在此实施例中，在第一壳体分支部6中设有活塞-缸单元4、5，其中，带有制动衬片9的制动块21的背板8贴靠在活塞4上，并且固定在这里。在靠外的壳体分支部7上设有另一个带有背板10和制动衬片11的制动块22。制动块21、22对未示出的制动盘的部件加载作用。壳体2与制动块21、22或其背板8、10可平行于活塞-缸单元4、5的移动轴线13移动地支承在一保持件12的两个臂27、28上。这里，壳体2以活塞侧的壳体分支部6坐靠在两个旋入保持件12的螺栓20、25上。弹簧26将靠外的壳体分支部7拉向保持件12的臂27、28(图3)，由此在保持件12的臂27、28与壳体桥接部3之间张紧制动块22。类似地，制动块21也以背板8支承在保持件12的臂27、28上。为避免撞击噪声，制动块21在保持件12的臂27、28与壳体桥接部3之间的张紧力由压紧弹簧14施加。在本实施例中，所述压紧弹簧固定在制动块21的背板8上的接纳部29中，并且以两个弹簧臂30、31压靠在两个支承面15、16上。这里，在弹簧臂30、31与支承面15、16之间形成类似于点状的接触部17、32，以保持所形成的腐蚀元件尽可能小。支承面15、16相对于运动轴线13以一角α倾斜地设置，其中所述角α位于由运动轴线13与合成的弹簧力FF的力向量在接纳部上张成的平面内。由此从弹簧力FF还得到径向的、垂直于保持件12的臂27、28作用的预紧力FR。此外，还得到抵抗活塞4与制动块21作用的、平行于运动轴线13的轴向力分量FX。需要指出的是，保持件12直接设置在车轮悬架或者说车辆的减振悬架上，并与其形成一个构件。
还可以设想这样的实施形式，其中，在壳体桥接部3上只设有一个或者设有多个支承面。此时还必须相应地设计压紧弹簧，以使所述压紧弹簧与一个或者多个支承面共同作用形成弹簧力FF与活塞-缸单元4、5的移动轴线13平行的轴向力分量FX。在这种一个或者多个支承面的设计方案中，重要的只是，所述支承面以确定的角α相对于运动轴线13倾斜并由此起轴向滑动斜面的作用，其中所述角α位于由运动轴线13与合成的弹簧力FF的力向量张成的平面内。
图3以透视图示出了根据另一个实施形式的部分衬片式盘式制动器1，在该实施形式中，支承面15、16作为附装件(Anbauteil)18、19实现。为了清楚起见，除活塞侧的背板8以外，两个制动块都未示出。因此可以看出，壳体2以何种方式用壳体分支部6通过螺栓20、25可移动地固定在保持件12上，以及制动块以何种方式张紧在壳体桥接部3的支承面15、16和保持件12的两个臂27、28之间。这里在图3中只示出了支承在臂27、28上的背板8代表整个制动块21。在背板8的接纳部29上固定有弹簧14，所述弹簧14以两个弹簧臂30、31相对于支承面15、16或附装件18、19支承背板8，并且将其与保持件12的两个臂27、28张紧。附装件18、19通过螺钉23、24与壳体桥接部螺纹连接。然而在不偏离本发明的情况下，也可以采用其它的固定措施，如形状锁合(formschlüssig)、摩擦锁合(reibschlüssig)、材料锁合(materialschlüssig)的或者其它连接。这里重要的只是，支承面由专门的构件形成，所述构件与压紧弹簧14共同作用引起轴向力分量FX。
部分衬片式盘式制动器1的作用如下。在壳体2和保持件12之间布置制动块21、22，其中压紧弹簧14将活塞侧的制动块21预紧在支承面15、16上，并且为避免撞击噪声将所述制动块压靠在保持件12的两个臂27、28上。由于支承面15、16的角α，除了径向的预紧力FR，还由压紧弹簧14的弹簧力FF得到与运动轴线13平行的轴向力分量FX。当操作制动器时，在活塞-缸单元4、5中形成液压压力，并将活塞4从缸5中移出。由此制动块21向制动盘移动，直到其衬片9贴靠在制动盘上。因此，现在活塞-缸单元4、5或者说活塞侧的第一壳体分支部6移动离开制动盘，并通过壳体桥接部3沿那里的制动盘侧的方向拉动相对的壳体分支部7。由此，另一个制动块22也压靠在制动盘上，并两个制动块21、22在制动盘的运行面上施加法向力。如果释放制动器，在活塞-缸单元4、5中不再存在压力，并且弹簧力FF与运动轴线13平行的轴向力分量FX推动活塞4和制动块21离开制动盘，进入其初始位置。这样确保，在制动过程后，制动块21不再在制动盘上磨损，并避免了不利的、起制动作用的剩余力矩。由此显著改善了制动器的通风性能。
附图标记表
1部分衬片式盘式制动器
2壳体
3壳体桥接部
4活塞
5缸
6第一、内壳体分支部
7第二、外壳体分支部
8背板
9制动衬片
10背板
11制动衬片
12保持件
13运动轴线
14压紧弹簧
15支承面
16支承面
17类似于点状的接触面
18附装件
19附装件
20螺栓
21制动块
22制动块
23螺钉
24螺钉
25螺栓
26弹簧
27保持件12的臂
28保持件12的臂
29接纳部
30弹簧臂
31弹簧臂
32类似于点状的接触面
α角
FF在接纳部29上的合成弹簧力
FR径向预紧力
FX弹簧力FF的轴向力分量FX，

Claims (9)

1.部分衬片式盘式制动器(1)，具有：壳体(2)；壳体桥接部(3)；至少一个壳体分支部(6)，所述壳体分支部具有包括致动器单元(5)和可沿一运动轴线(13)移动的构件(4)的操作单元(4、5)；至少一个制动块(21)，所述制动块(21)布置在所述构件(4)上，并且可移动地支承在至少一个支承件(27、28)上；压紧弹簧(14)，所述压紧弹簧在制动块(21)和壳体桥接部(3)中的至少一个支承面(15、16)之间产生预紧力FR并由此将制动块(21)与支承件(27、28)张紧，其特征在于，所述压紧弹簧(14)的支承面(15、16)布置成与运动轴线(13)是不平行的。
2.根据权利要求1的部分衬片式盘式制动器，其特征在于，支承面(15、16)与运动轴线(13)之间的角α大于0°，其中所述角α位于由运动轴线(13)与合成的弹簧力FF的力向量张成的平面内。
3.根据权利要求1和2的部分衬片式盘式制动器，其特征在于，所述角α大于约1.5°。
4.根据权利要求1至3的部分衬片式盘式制动器，其特征在于，所述角α为大约1.5°到11°。
5.根据权利要求1的部分衬片式盘式制动器，其特征在于，在压紧弹簧(14)与壳体桥接部(3)中的支承面(15、16)之间的至少一个接触面(17、32)具有类似于点状的形式。
6.根据权利要求1的部分衬片式盘式制动器，其特征在于，支承面(15、16)与壳体桥接部(3)设计成一体的。
7.根据权利要求1的部分衬片式盘式制动器，其特征在于，支承面(15、16)与壳体桥接部(3)设计成多件式的，并且支承面(15、16)由至少一个附装件(18、19)形成。
8.根据权利要求1的部分衬片式盘式制动器，其特征在于，压紧弹簧(14)设计成金属丝弹簧或者板簧。
9.根据权利要求1的部分衬片式盘式制动器，其特征在于，操作单元(4、5)主要是基于液压或机电的功能原理。
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