CN101080310B - 具有提高的蠕变强度的塑料燃料箱的制造方法 - Google Patents

具有提高的蠕变强度的塑料燃料箱的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN101080310B
CN101080310B CN2005800429868A CN200580042986A CN101080310B CN 101080310 B CN101080310 B CN 101080310B CN 2005800429868 A CN2005800429868 A CN 2005800429868A CN 200580042986 A CN200580042986 A CN 200580042986A CN 101080310 B CN101080310 B CN 101080310B
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parison
core
casing
mould
parts
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CN101080310A (zh
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比约恩·克里埃尔
斯特凡娜·莱昂纳德
蒂埃里·费拉钦
弗雷德里克·雅诺
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Plastic Omnium Advanced Innovation and Research SA
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Inergy Automotive Systems Research SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/20—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor of articles having inserts or reinforcements ; Handling of inserts or reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C31/00—Handling, e.g. feeding of the material to be shaped, storage of plastics material before moulding; Automation, i.e. automated handling lines in plastics processing plants, e.g. using manipulators or robots
    • B29C31/008—Handling preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/04—Extrusion blow-moulding
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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Abstract

本发明公开一种具有提高蠕变强度的塑料燃料箱的制造方法，其中：a)将包括两个不同部分的塑料型坯插入到敞开的两腔模具中；b)将型芯插入到型坯中，型芯带有能够将型坯的两个部分固定(在其间形成连接)的加强部件的至少一部分；c)通过型芯吹塑将型坯牢固地压靠到模具型腔上；d)利用型芯将加强部件(的部分)固定于型坯的至少一个部分；e)将型芯取出；f)再次关闭模具，将其两个型腔以这样一种方式合在一起，即围绕它们的外围夹紧型坯的两个部分，从而将该两个部分焊接到一起；g)将加压的流体注入到模具中，和/或在模具型腔后面形成真空，以便使型坯牢固地压靠到模具型腔上；h)打开模具并取出箱体，其中，在步骤c)和d)中，将模具型腔闭合在型芯上。

Description

具有提高的蠕变强度的塑料燃料箱的制造方法
本发明涉及一种带有提高的蠕变强度的塑料燃料箱的制造方法。
用于机动车辆的塑料燃料箱必须满足对其下表面上的偏差的最大允许范围所规定的规格。在这些规格中规定的偏差必须在老化试验过程中得到满足，在该老化试验中，燃料箱在某一温度(通常是40℃)下装载一定量的燃料持续指定的一段时间(通常为几周)。这些规格的目的在于保证车辆保持道路洁净以及防止箱体的表面接触到车辆的热区。
目前，塑料燃料箱通常通过塑料连接耳(lug)固定到车辆的底盘上且由金属带支撑。后者尤其用于更大容积的箱体，这种箱体上更难达到最大允许偏差的要求。然而，对这种带的利用涉及额外的安装步骤，因此并不十分经济。
在现有技术中已经提出了解决方案，着眼于增强燃料箱的机械强度(包括蠕变强度)。
因此，已经提出(特别是在美国专利3,919,373和4,891,000中)在从圆柱形的型坯进行吹塑时将插入件固定在箱体中。然而，运用该技术准确地定位插入件并不容易进行。
还已经提出(在美国申请2002/0100759中)：将箱体的两个壁通过焊接直接固定在一起。然而，这会导致有用的箱体容积的减少(因为焊缝上的所述壁的变形而产生的)。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种可以加强燃料箱的方法，更具体地，增强其蠕变强度，且容易并可靠地增强其蠕变强度而不减少有用的容积。
为此，本发明涉及一种制造具有提高的蠕变强度的塑料燃料箱的方法，其中：
a)将包括两个不同部分的塑料型坯插入到敞开的两腔模具(two-cavity mould)中；
b)将型芯插入到型坯中，所述型芯带有能够将型坯的两个部分固定(在其间形成连接)的加强部件的至少一部分；
c)将型坯牢固地压靠到模具型腔上(通过型芯吹塑)；
d)利用型芯将加强部件(的部分)固定于型坯的至少一个部分；
e)将型芯取出；
f)再次关闭模具，将其两个型腔以这样一种方式合在一起，即围绕它们的外围夹紧型坯的两个部分，以便将它们焊接到一起；
g)将加压的流体注入到模具中，以便使型坯牢固地压靠到模具型腔上；以及
h)打开模具并取出箱体，
其中，在步骤c)和d)中，以下面的方式将所述模具型腔闭合在所述型芯上：使所述两个型腔接触所述型芯，在所述型芯两侧的每一侧限定一个密封区域。
术语“燃料箱”用于表示在不同的且变化的环境和应用条件下能够存储燃料的密封箱体。这种箱体的一个例子是安装在机动车辆上的箱体。
根据本发明的方法制造的燃料箱是由塑料即包含至少一种合成树脂聚合物的材料制成。
所有类型的塑料都可以适用。尤其合适的塑料来自于热塑性塑料类。
术语“热塑性塑料”表示任一种热塑性聚合物，包括热塑性弹性体及其混合物。术语“聚合物”表示均聚物和共聚物(特别是二元或三元共聚物)。这样的共聚物的例子有，但不限于，无规共聚物、线型嵌段共聚物、其他嵌段共聚物和接枝共聚物。
其熔点低于分解温度的任何种类的热塑性聚合物或共聚物都是合适的。熔点范围(熔程)跨度至少在10摄氏度以上的合成热塑性塑料尤其适合。这样的材料的例子包括其分子量表现出多分散性的材料。
尤其，可以使用聚烯烃、热塑性聚酯、聚酮、聚酰胺及其共聚物。也可以使用聚合物或共聚物的混合物，比如可以使用混合有无机的、有机的、和/或天然的填料的聚合物材料的混合物，该填料例如有，但不限于，炭、盐类、以及其他无机衍生物、天然纤维或者聚合纤维。也可以使用由结合在一起的叠层组成的多层结构，这些叠层包含至少一种上述的聚合物或共聚物。
经常使用的一种聚合物是聚乙烯。使用高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)已经取得了良好的结果。作为优选，箱体也包括不能渗透燃料的树脂层，例如EVOH(乙烯与部分水解乙酸乙烯的共聚物)。可替换地，其可以经过表面处理(氟化或者磺化)，该处理的目的是使其不能渗透燃料。
根据本发明，型坯被引入到包含至少有两个型腔(外部件)和一个型芯(内部件)的模具里面。该模具通常是基于金属的，且优选基于单独的和装配的金属块。
在根据本发明的方法中，型芯使得用于固定(在其间形成连接)型坯的两个部分(后来的箱体的上壁和下壁)的加强部件的至少部分被固定。为了方便和缩短所用的术语，术语“加强部件”将在下文中使用，它被理解为只是这样的部件的部分。该加强部件优选相当刚性的，也就是说不容易变形的。
因此，根据本发明的方法使用型芯。型芯是指具有适合于插入在模具型腔之间的尺寸和形状的部件。这样的部件已在例如英国专利1,410,215中加以描述，因此将其内容结合于本申请，以供参考。型芯可以装配有加热部件(例如镜子)，可使将要焊接的配件的部分(除了型芯之外，通常还对该配件的部分进行预先加热，例如通过红外线加热)保持热度。也可以在加强部件的设置过程(见后文)中在将与型坯接触的一个或多个区域中装配加热部件(例如灯丝)。
型芯也可以用于将加压的气体注入模具中，从而将型坯牢固地压靠到模具型腔上。
最后，型芯也可以被用于至少部分地影响过程控制。为此，例如，可以将照相机结合在模具中，以便通过图形分析来观察和监控加强部件(或者任何其他可以安装的配件)的安装质量。可以在型芯上安装一个或多个用于测量诸如力、行程、压力和温度等参数的传感器，以便更好地监控各部件安装在型坯上。
根据本发明，型坯(或者易于模塑的熔化或软化的塑料部件)是由至少两个优选具有相似结构的独立部分组成。这是指它们包含有很多层，其彼此之间相差不多于3个单元(单位)，优选相差不多于2个单元，且从化学的角度以及从可通过焊接进行装配的能力的角度看来，包含在相互对应的层中的聚合物的特性是相容的。优选，具有相同层数的结构，尤其是相同的结构。这两个独立的型坯部分用于分别形成箱体的上壁和下壁。
在根据本发明的方法中，箱体是由在至少两个部分组成的型坯模塑成的一个单独的部件(在一个单独步骤中进行模塑，然后获得一体的箱体而不必借助于将分离的壳体装配在一起的额外步骤)，该步骤通常是通过在关闭模具时将两个型坯部分焊接在一起而完成的。尤其，有利地通过以下步骤铸造箱体：
.吹塑，也就是说，使用加压的流体将包括至少一个切断部(cut-out)的管状型坯延展并牢固地压靠到模具的壁(如在欧洲专利申请1110697中所描述的，因此其内容结合于本申请，以供参考)；
.热成型为薄片，也就是说，例如通过在它们后面吸引(形成真空)将其牢固地压靠在模具壁上。
在根据本发明的方法中，型坯的实际成形(也就是说，使其变形从而使其基本获得箱体的形状)主要发生在步骤c)的过程中。在步骤f)的过程中(在该过程中形成上述的焊缝)，简单地保持压力(或吸力)以便保持箱体的尺寸稳定性。
在吹塑的箱体(使用被注入模具的加压流体吹成)的情况下，优选型坯包括两个独立部分，该两个独立部分由同一个挤出圆柱型坯的图案结构(patterning)形成而获得，该圆柱型坯是如在以本申请人的公司名义申请的欧洲专利申请第1110697号中所描述的，因此将其内容以引用方式结合于本申请。根据这个具有挤出的单个型坯的变形例，沿着其两根完全相反的线沿整体长度切割该型坯，从而获得两个独立的部分(薄片)。通过与两个独立挤出的薄片的吹塑比较，其具有恒定的厚度，而该方法使得有可能使用通过合适的挤出设备(通常安装有可以调节冲压位置的冲模的挤出机)而获得变化的厚度(也就是说，厚度随着它们的长度是不固定的)的型坯。这样的型坯需要考虑在吹塑过程中会在型坯上的某些位置发生厚度降低，其原因是模具中的材料变形率不是恒定的。
可替换地，箱体可以通过将两张薄片热成型(或者通过在模具型腔后面形成真空)而模塑形成。这种方法通常几乎不会或完全不会造成厚度降低的不均，因此能够解决型坯的稳定厚度问题(例如，挤出的薄片)。
优选地，箱体是吹塑形成的。这是因为热成型通常需要将模具加热到60℃，以便能够获得深度变形(例如箱体的拐角)。这样会导致比吹塑需要更长的周期，而吹塑不存在这种限制。
因此，步骤c)和d)过程中，通常使模具型腔闭合在型芯之上，也就是说，使其在型芯两侧的每一侧与型芯接触并且限定密封区域。更精确地，由于这些型腔支撑着型坯，型芯与型坯接触，因此型坯被夹在型芯和模具型腔之间。于是这就成了模具的一种第一次闭合，型芯插入在型腔之间并与其接触，且其中吹入加压的气体(通常是空气)。
在这种情况下，根据本发明的方法还包括排气步骤，该排气步骤在每一次打开模具之前进行。排气步骤可以以任何一种合适的方式进行。通常，首先刺破型坯(例如用针来刺破)，然后将流体从模具中排出(例如使用阀)。
当箱体通过热成型来模塑时，不需要将模具关闭到型芯之上来使其牢固地压在型腔上(因为这是通过在这些型腔下面的吸力完成，而不是通过经过型芯的吹力)。在这种情况下，要求将型腔围绕型芯地(广义上讲：靠近型芯)进行设置。
在根据本发明的方法中，如果需要的话，优选有一种装置，在将模具第一次闭合在型芯的过程中防止型坯的部分的边缘被焊接在一起。优选将该装置结合至型芯中。为了这一目的，型芯优选具有适合于将其部分地(通常在其至少部分的外表面上)插入在将要焊接在一起的型坯的两个部分之间的尺寸和形状。
为了便于步骤f)中的焊接，如果需要的话，优选模具型腔设置有热调节装置，使得可在模具的第一次关闭中涉及的步骤期间加热焊接区域。尤其优选的是，型芯在与型坯接触的区域中也有这样一个装置(热调节装置)，尤其是当型坯包括上述的焊接区域时。这个变形例可以进一步改善箱体的焊缝的质量(通过减少内部焊珠来改善箱体的冲击强度)。这样的设置在例如以申请人的公司的名义提交的申请FR 04.13407中已有描述，因此其内容结合于本申请，以供参考。
根据本发明，在引进自身被置于模具之中的型坯之前，型芯装配有所述加强部件。为了将部件连接到型坯上，型芯优选包括能够移动该待连接部件并可在该部件上施加压力的液压顶(液压机，hydraulic ram)。
如前文所提及的，加强部件可以以任何已知方式连接在型坯上。它可以通过直接将所述部件焊接到型坯上来进行(当型坯在安装区域中的材料与箱体的材料相容时)，或通过铆接(压凹接合，staking)进行(如在以本申请人的公司的名义提交的专利FR04.11550中所描述，因此，其内容结合于本申请，以供参考)，或通过夹紧固定/螺杆固定进行(这种情况下，首先对型芯安装一个夹子或在型坯上装配有螺纹的部件，然后将加强部件夹紧/拧紧到其上面)，等。因此，根据本发明的方法的一个优点在于能够处理不同连接方法(焊接、铆接、夹紧固定等)的问题，从而也可以对加强部件选择任何可能的材料。
短语“加强部件”用于表示任意物体(柱，杆，缆，隔板，部件等)，一旦箱体被模塑成型，该加强部件将箱体的下壁(其朝下地安装在车辆内，且可能在燃料的重力作用下慢慢蠕变)和上壁(其朝上地安装，且在使用过程中几乎不或完全不会有蠕变)连接到一起。
这可以是一个特意用于该用途的部件(杆，缆等)或任一功能性设备或通常在其惯常使用或操作方法中与燃料箱连接在一起的物体，并且它足够大以便能从一个壁延展到另一个壁。
这样的结构的一个尤其合适的例子是箱体的泵/量表模块。
在这个变形例(作为加强部件的功能部件)中，在根据本发明的方法中，优选仅将所讨论的功能部件的支撑件设置在型芯上(且从而在型坯上)。这是因为将不达标准的箱体碾碎，从而也不得不将通常昂贵的功能部件碾碎，这不是非常经济的。因此，在这种情况下，根据本发明的方法使得可以支撑后来穿过箱体上形成的开口引入到箱体中的功能部件，然后(例如使用螺纹环)一方面固定于支撑件且另一方面固定于箱体的开口，从而(通过焊接、铆接等夹紧固定于在箱体的壁上的预模塑成型体(夹子)上)进行固定。这样的方法尤其适合于将泵/量表模块作为功能部件。
可替换地，加强部件可以包括专用于该目的的部件，因此尺寸较小，如柱、杆、缆等加强部件将会在下文中用通用术语(杆)表示。该部件通常为基本上细长的形状和基本上恒定的截面、优选是圆形的截面的一种部件。
当箱体也基于HDPE时，尤其优选采用HDPE杆，因为那样的话，所述杆可用箱体的生产剩余料(废料)做成，从而这些废料得以经济地使用。因此，更通常地，在这个变形例中，优选杆是使用来自类似的箱体的生产的剩余料制成的。
在杆的情况中，调整杆的数量和机械强度从而满足所需的结果。例如，它们可以被装配形成网络(例如，其中，杆交替地连接下壁和上壁并且在节点处形成三角形状)。优选通过一种材料作为制作这些杆的材料，该材料由于与箱体的材料相容从而可通过焊接直接固定于型坯。因此，根据这一方面，采用废料也是非常合适的。
在如上文所定义的“杆”的情况中，在本发明的背景下一个实用的固定它们的方法是将它们分成两部分，从而在它们上面设置夹子并将这些部分进行固定，不是夹紧固定在一起，而是通过使用型芯固定在型坯的各个部分上面，每侧上一个，但没有将它们夹紧固定在一起。在这种情况下，或者在从模具中取出来后的箱体的收缩对两个部分来说足够使它们靠自身力量夹紧固定，或者，可替换地，在箱体的壁上施加(手动或通过机器)外部压力从而进行/增强的该夹紧固定。
可替换地，当杆是由单个部件构成时，优选在步骤d)中将其固定到型坯的一个部分上，以及在步骤f)中将其固定到另一部分上。然而这个变形例不是有利的，因为模塑后的收缩容易将张力引入到杆在箱体上的连接处。在焊接连接的情况下，型芯优选装配有压机(顶，ram)，其包括加热部件(镜子、灯丝等)，以保证在焊接加强部件的第一端部时使加强部件的第二端部(后固定的一端)保持热度。
当只有一个的时候，用来连接箱体的这些壁的加强部件通常被基本垂直地安装于箱体的这些壁上。当必须借助多个加强部件(例如多个杆)时，加强部件可以倾斜。本领域普通技术人员将可以基于机械强度的计算(模拟)进行寻找以便根据所需的结果优化加强部件的装配(连接点、方向)。
优选地，还要确保在加强部件的连接位置上的壁部几乎没有(或优选完全没有)变形，从而不会不利地影响到箱体的自由体积，并且从而不会产生不必要的死点(dead spot)和/或应力集中因素。因此，从这个观点来看，原位装配的具有两个部分的加强部件(如前面提到的杆)在收缩后具有更好的结果。
通常地，将燃料箱通过带，通常是金属带固定在车辆底盘上。这些带也具有增强箱体的蠕变强度的优点，但是它们也具有相对较高成本的缺点。因此，希望能够用其他装置代替它们，例如设置在箱体的外围的固定耳(fixing lug)。然而，这些箱体必须装配有另外的加强部件，本发明的目的尤其适合于这种情况。具体地，这种使用由焊接到一起的两部分形成的型坯的方法通常会产生有焊缝，其多余的材料或熔渣通常在所谓的修边作业(trimming operation)过程中去除。其次在这个作业过程中要求留下一些部分或焊盘，可用作是箱体的固定耳。因此，在本发明的优选变形例中，在步骤f)中的焊接中生成焊缝，该焊缝在步骤i)中被部分地去除，从而留下焊盘或连接耳(lug)用来使箱体连接到机动车辆底盘上。
本发明还涉及可使用根据本发明的方法获得的塑料燃料箱。
根据一个方面，本发明涉及一种塑料燃料箱，其包括：通过焊接装配的下壁和上壁，以及至少一个设置于箱体内部并将其下壁连接于其上壁的杆。
优选地，该杆是由两部分(优选具有基本相等的长度)组成，均有两个末端，其中一端被固定(优选通过焊接)到箱体的一个壁上，另一端被夹至到该杆的另一个部分上。
根据另一个方面，本发明涉及一种塑料燃料箱，其包含通过焊接装配的下壁和上壁，以及至少一个位于箱体内部并且将其下壁连接与其上壁的功能部件。这个功能部件已在根据本发明的方法的上述内容描述。
最终，根据最后一个方面，本发明涉及一种塑料燃料箱，其包括：通过焊接装配的下壁和上壁，以及至少一个位于箱体内部并且将其下壁连接于其上壁的加强部件，连接壁的焊接沿焊缝而延伸，该焊缝在一些地方间断从而形成连接耳，以便可将箱体固定到尤其是机动车辆底盘上。
图1和图2用于说明本发明的某一具体方面，但不以任何方式限制其范围。
两图分别示出经过已固定有一个或多个杆的箱体的一个(在垂直于在该位置上的箱体表面的一个平面上的)截面。这些杆是由在张力下具有一定刚性的塑料形成。
在图1中，一个单独的杆3将箱体的上壁1的一个点连接于装有燃料4的箱体的下壁2上的一个点。该杆3通过焊接(随着关闭模具，首先使用型芯在型坯的一侧面上，然后，在另一侧面上)固定在这两点上。其整体方向是垂直的，但不需要与垂直线完全一致。由于这个杆3的作用，下壁2的变形是有限的，因为上壁1至少部分地限制了变形。
在图2中，两个杆3以这样的方式固定形成三角形的脊状。首先将它们以显示为“V”形的方式在一端上铆接固定(于型坯的部分)。一旦闭合模具将它们焊接到型坯的另一个部分的两点上。

Claims (11)

1.一种具有提高的蠕变强度的塑料燃料箱的制造方法，其中：
(a)将包括两个不同部分的塑料型坯插入到敞开的两腔模具中；
(b)将型芯插入到所述型坯中，所述型芯带有能够将所述型坯的所述两个部分固定的加强部件的至少一部分，其中，所述两个部分之间通过所述加强部件形成连接；
(c)通过所述型芯吹塑，将所述型坯牢固地压靠到所述模具型腔上；
(d)利用所述型芯将所述加强部件或者其部分固定于所述型坯的至少一个部分上；
(e)将所述型芯取出；
(f)关闭所述模具，将其两个型腔以这样一种方式合在一起，即围绕它们的外围夹紧所述型坯的所述两个部分，以便将它们焊接到一起；
(g)将加压的流体注入到所述模具中，以便使所述型坯牢固地压靠到所述模具型腔上；以及
(h)打开所述模具并取出所述箱体，
并且其中，在步骤c)和d)中，以下面的方式将所述模具型腔闭合在所述型芯上：使所述两个型腔接触所述型芯，在所述型芯两侧的每一侧限定一个密封区域。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述型坯是由切割被挤出的圆柱形型坯而形成的2个独立部分制成的。
3.根据权利要求1至2任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述型芯包括将所述加强部件固定到所述型坯上的液压顶。
4.根据权利要求1至2任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加强部件是所述箱体的功能部件，且在模塑时仅将其支撑件引入至所述箱体，而在箱体从所述模具中取出后通过形成在所述箱体壁上的开口将所述功能部件本身引入所述箱体中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述功能部件是泵或量表模块。
6.根据权利要求1至2中的任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加强部件包括至少一个杆。
7.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加强部件包括至少一个杆。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述杆是由来自类似箱体的制造的废料制成。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述杆是由设置有夹紧固定装置的两部分制成；所述部分之间不是互相夹紧固定，而是都互相面对地固定在所述型坯的部分之上；以及在从所述模具中取出来之后所述箱体的收缩足够使所述两个部分靠自身力量夹紧固定，和/或将外部压力施加到所述箱体壁上，以便实现或加强该夹紧固定作用。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述杆是由设置有夹紧固定装置的两部分制成；所述部分之间不是互相夹紧固定，而是都互相面对地固定在所述型坯的部分之上；以及在从所述模具中取出来之后所述箱体的收缩足够使所述两个部分靠自身力量夹紧固定，和/或将外部压力施加到所述箱体壁上，以便实现或加强该夹紧固定作用。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤f)中的所述焊接生成焊缝，该焊缝在步骤h)之后被部分地去除以便留下用于将所述箱体安装在机动车辆底盘上的焊盘或连接耳。
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US8663544B2 (en) 2014-03-04
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WO2006064004A1 (en) 2006-06-22
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