CN1010413B - 用于钢的冷轧润滑油 - Google Patents

用于钢的冷轧润滑油

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Publication number
CN1010413B
CN1010413B CN86102119A CN86102119A CN1010413B CN 1010413 B CN1010413 B CN 1010413B CN 86102119 A CN86102119 A CN 86102119A CN 86102119 A CN86102119 A CN 86102119A CN 1010413 B CN1010413 B CN 1010413B
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China
Prior art keywords
acid
weight
carbonatoms
oil
ester
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CN86102119A
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CN86102119A (zh
Inventor
剑持一仁
阿部英夫
佐佐木徹
善本毅
永森弘之
松田弘之
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JFE Steel Corp
Kao Corp
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Kao Corp
Kawasaki Steel Corp
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Publication of CN86102119A publication Critical patent/CN86102119A/zh
Publication of CN1010413B publication Critical patent/CN1010413B/zh
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

用于钢的新型冷轧润滑油,含有(A)40-90%(重量)的C12-22脂族羧酸和C1-12脂族醇的单酯,(B)0.5-10%(重量)的至少一种C16-20高级不饱和脂肪酸的工聚酸和聚合酸,(C)2-40%(重量)的分子量为750-7500的聚酯,或10-25%(重量)的脂肪或脂油,(D)0.1-10%(重量)的分子量为1000-1,000,000的通式为(I)的单体的均聚物或共聚物(式中R1代表H或CH3,R2和R3各自代表H或C1-3烷基)。这种润滑油具有良好的润滑性、表面可清洁性、耐热性和氧化稳定性。

Description

本发明涉及到一种用于钢的新冷轧润滑油,更具体地说,涉及到一种用于钢的冷轧润滑油,它是由润滑油组分与一种水溶性阳离子聚合物或水溶性两性聚合物组成的,并具有良好的润滑性、表面可清洁性和优良的耐热性及氧化稳定性。
近年来,为了省去冷轧过程中的净化步骤,人们倾向于使用滚筒净化润滑油。滚筒净化润滑油应当满足以下两个独特的要求:
(ⅰ)在退火时,钢板表面上不得有润滑油中的碳组分引起的任何污染或沾污,钢板表面的外观良好(后文中称作“抗退火沾污性”或“滚筒清洁性”(resistance    to    stain    by    annealing    or    mill    cleanability))。
(ⅱ)在轧制时具有良好的润滑性,不出现称作热条痕(heat    streak)的磨损现象或称作震颤(chattering)的振动现象(后文中称作“润滑性”)。
为了得到良好的滚筒清洁性(ⅰ),通常是将润滑油中易于在退火时产生残碳的脂族酸、脂肪、脂油和有机聚合物的用量尽可能地减少,而采用主要由 挥发性的或可分解的组分,即矿物油和合成酯构成的润滑油。
然而,这类润滑油对于钢材的吸附性很差,在轧辊接触弧内的油膜生成性也很差,实质上是润滑性不佳。如果想要改善润滑性(ⅱ),就必须使用大量的脂肪和脂油以及脂族酸,如象牛油润滑油中那样,这会导致滚筒清洁性的降低。
为省去净化步骤而提供的滚筒净化润滑油必须满足两个互相矛循的要求。因此,现有的滚筒净化润滑油仅适用于在适度条件下轧制成品厚度相对较大的板规钢材。(例如成品厚度大于0.8毫米)。
本发明的提出者为了提供能够克服已有的滚筒净化润滑油的缺点并满足上述要求(ⅰ)和(ⅱ)的冷轧润滑油,进行了广泛的研究。结果发现,由预定量的脂族羧酸和脂族醇的单酯、预定量的一种酯(这种酯是通过高级不饱和脂肪酸的二聚酸和/或聚合酸中的至少一种与多元醇在加热条件下缩合,并且把得到的聚酯的剩余羧基或羟基与醇或脂族酸反应而制得的)所组成的特殊类型的组合物具有良好的滚筒清洁性和润滑性,而不会出现油污染现象。这一组合物已申请专利(Japanese    Laid-open    Application    No59-33395)。
然而,当前轧制设备和技术的迅速发展已使高速轧制和大规模生产成为可能。这就导致对润滑油的润滑性、循环稳定性、可使用性、废水可处理性及类似的性质提出了更严格的要求。现在需要进一步研制能够满足这种要求的润滑剂。
应当看到,含有乳化剂的常规润滑油由于涉及各种困难而不能满足上述要求。更具体地说,使用加乳化剂的现有润滑油时,改变乳化剂的类型和用量会使润滑油量和沉积在轧制钢板上的油量[即钢板外围量(plateout    amount)]发生变化,因而控制了润滑性。然而,在含有乳化剂的润滑油中,钢板外围量和液体循环稳定性有相互抵触的倾向。换言之,如果乳液的稳定性增加,则轧制钢板上的钢板外围量就减小并导致润滑性不足。相反,当钢板外用量增加时,乳液就变得不稳定,以致在循环使用时出现各种麻烦。
本发明的提出者为了提供性能优良的用于金属的冷轧润滑油组合物进行了广泛的研究。所要研制的润滑油要能在实际地假定的高剪切条件和高速、高压条件(即轧制速度高和减少率大)下应用的,而且由于油的良好的循环稳定性使其工艺易于控制。结果发现,按照本发明的第一个具体方案,上述目的可以通过采用如下组成的一种组合物而达到:预定量的由脂族羧酸和脂族醇制备的单酯;预定量的二聚酸和/或聚合酸,以及或者是预定量的由高级不饱和脂肪酸的二聚酸和/或聚合酸中的至少一种与多元醇在加热条件下缩合并使所得聚酯的剩余羧基或羟基与醇或脂族酸反应所得到的酯,或者是预定量的脂肪或脂油如牛油、猪油、棕榈油,并与特定种类的水溶性阳离子聚合物或水溶性两性聚合物混合。
按照本发明的另一个具体方案,虽然本发明的目的可以通过采用上述冷轧润滑油组合物而令人满意地达到,但这种基底油中还可进一步包含某些特种类型的抗氧化剂。这样做的结果,除本发明的第一个具体方案中的冷轧润滑油特征外,又出现进一步的优点:(1)当润滑油冷却剂长时间循环使用时,显示出良好的抗热分解和热氧化分解的能力;(2)即使润滑油被轧制时产生的铁粉、浮渣和类似物沾污,轧制钢仍具有良好的脱脂性和表面可清洁性。这样,根据本发明的第二个具体方案得到的冷轧润滑油组合物具备了可以耐受实际操作中所采用的严酷条件的特征。
更详细地说,本发明所提供的用于钢的冷轧润滑油,其组成是(A)40-90%(重量)的由碳原子数为12-22的脂族羧酸和碳原子数为1-12的脂族醇制备的单酯,(B)0.5-10%(重量)的碳原子数为16-20的高级不饮和脂肪酸的二聚酸和聚合酸中的至少一种,(C)2-40%(重量)的分子量为750-7500的聚酯,它是由碳原子数为16-20的高级不饱和脂肪酸的二聚酸和聚合酸中至少一种在加热条件下与多元醇缩合并将所得聚酯的剩余羧基或羟基与碳原子数为1-22的醇或碳原子数为12-22的脂族酸反应而制得的,或者是10-25%(重量)的脂肪或脂油,(D)0.1-10%(重量)的分子中含有氮原子的分子量为1000-1000,000并从下述(a)到(h)组成的一组聚合物中选出的一种聚合物。此外,冷轧润滑油中还可包含(E)至少两种从苯酚型抗氧化剂、硫型抗氧化剂、磷型抗氧化剂、胺型抗氧化剂中选择出的抗氧化剂,每种均为0.3-10.0%(重量)。
(a)由两种或多种具有下列通式(Ⅰ)-(Ⅸ)的含氮单体或其盐制备的一种均聚物或共聚物:
Figure 86102119_IMG6
式中R1代表H或CH3,R2和R3各自代表H或一个具有1-3个碳原子的烷基;
式中m1是1-3的一个数值,n1的1-3的一个数值,而R1,R2和R3分别与上面规定的意义相同;
式中R4代表H,或含有1-3个碳原子的烷基或烷醇基,R1与上述通式(Ⅰ)中规定的意义相同;
Figure 86102119_IMG9
式中m2和n2分别为0-3的一个数值,R1,R2和R3与通式(Ⅰ)中所规定的意义相同;
式中A代表-O-或-NH-,而R1,R2,R3和n分别与通式(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)中所规定的意义相同;
式中R1,R2,R3和nI分别与通式(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)中所规定的意义相同;
Figure 86102119_IMG12
式中R1与通式(Ⅰ)中所规定的相同,吡啶是在2或4位被取代;
Figure 86102119_IMG13
式中R1和R2分别与通式(Ⅰ)中所规定的意义相同,吡啶是在2或4位被取代;
Figure 86102119_IMG14
式中R1,R2和R3分别与通式(Ⅰ)中所规定的意义相同。
(b)一种或多种通式(Ⅰ)-(Ⅸ)的含氮单体或其盐与一种或多种从α,β-不饱和羧酸或其盐或其衍生物,含磺酸基的乙烯系化合物或其盐,丙烯腈,乙烯基吡咯烷酮,以及具有2-20个碳原子的脂族烯中选出的乙烯型单体的共聚物。
(c)吖丙啶的开环聚合物的盐或季铵盐。
(d)脂族二羧酸和聚乙烯-聚胺或二聚氧乙烯烷基胺缩聚物的盐或季铵盐。
(e)二卤代烷-聚亚烷基聚胺缩聚物。
(f)表卤代醇-胺缩聚物。
(g)脱乙酰壳多糖、淀粉或纤维素的盐或它们的阳离子化产物,阳离子化产物包括无机盐、季铵盐和类似的盐。
(h)分子量为5000-600,000的聚醚多元醇或其衍生物,其制取方法是将烯化氧加成到具有6-200个氮原子的聚烷基亚胺或其衍生物上。
本发明实际用作基底油组分的单酯是由碳原子数为12-22的脂族羧酸与碳原子数为1-12的脂族醇制备的单酯。其实例包括:硬脂酸甲酯、山萮酸甲酯、硬脂酸丁酯、硬脂酸辛酯、硬脂酸月桂酯、油酸甲酯、油酸辛酯、油酸癸酯、油酸月桂酯、棕榈酸甲酯、棕榈酸丁酯、牛油脂肪酸甲酯、牛油脂肪酸辛酸、牛油脂肪酸月桂酯、棕榈油脂肪酸甲酯、棕榈油脂肪酸辛酯、椰子油脂肪酸辛酯、椰子油脂肪酸月桂酯以及类似的酯。这些酯的滚筒清洁性和润滑性都优于用作普通的滚筒净化润滑油的基底油的矿物油。
当用于制取酯的脂族羧酸的碳原子数不小于22,脂族醇的碳原子数不小于12时,则出现大量的油沾污。另一方面,当所用的脂族羧酸的碳原子数不大于12时,则润滑性降低。这些酯的用量范围是40-90%(重量)(后文只简单记作%)。若超过90%,则二聚酸或聚合酸(B)以及脂肪或脂油,如牛油、棕榈油或猪油,还有酯组成(C)的用量都将减少,润滑性随之降低。另一方面,当用量少于40%,基底油中的酯则难以大量降低油沾污倾向,因而使其难于表现出改进滚筒清洁性的作用。
在本发明的实践中,把二聚酸和/或聚合酸(B)以及脂肪和脂油,如牛油、棕榈油和猪油,或 酯(C)加到上述酯中以构成基底油。这些组分都是不可缺少的。采用这种基底油的冷轧润滑油,其润滑性等于或优于普通的牛油润滑油。甚至当冷轧润滑油沉积和存留在轧制钢的表面时,在以后的退火步骤中也很少发生油沾污。因而有可能进一步改进润滑性。
二聚酸和聚合酸(B)是碳原子数为16-20的高级脂族单烯或二烯酸的二聚酸或聚合酸。这类酸的例子包括:鲨油酸、油酸、亚油酸和顺9-二十碳烯酸的二聚酸和聚合酸。这些二聚酸和聚合酸的用量是总组成的0.5-10%。超过这一范围,则产生大量的油污染。若用量低于上述范围,则会使润滑性不利地降低。
脂肪和脂油(C)的例子包括:牛油、棕榈油、猪油和类似的油。牛油可以是粗牛油、精制牛油和食用牛油及类似的油。最好是用精制和食用牛油。棕榈油可以是粗棕榈油、精制棕榈油和脱酸棕榈油。其中以精制和脱酸棕榈油为佳。脂肪和脂油的用量是总组成的10-25%。超过25%,则产生大量的油污染。用量若低于10%,也是不利的,因为润滑性降低。
酯(C)也可不用脂肪或脂油,而代之以分子量为750-7500的酯,这类酯是通过碳原子数为16-20的高级不饱和脂肪酸的二聚酸或聚合酸中至少一种在加热条件下与多元醇缩合并使所得聚酯的剩余羧基或羟基与含有1-20个碳原子的醇或含有12-22个碳原子的脂族酸反应而制得的。
这里所用的二聚酸或聚合酸可以与(B)中所用的二聚酸或聚合酸相同。多元醇的例子包括丙二醇、乙二醇、二丙二醇、二乙二醇、新戊二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇和己二醇。此外,还有聚氧丙烯二醇、聚氧乙烯二醇、聚氧丙烯基-聚氧乙烯二醇和类似的醇。碳原子数为1-22的醇的例子包括甲醇、乙醇、丁醇、庚醇、辛醇、壬醇、癸醇、十八烷醇、十一烷醇、月桂醇、肉豆蔻醇、棕榈醇、异十八烷醇、山萮醇、油醇和类似醇。碳原子数为12-22的脂族酸的例子是月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、十八烷酸、异十八烷酸、油酸、山萮酸和类似的酸。
当酯(C)的分子量小于750时,润滑性变差,而当分子量大于7500时,酯在体系中溶混性降低而粘度增加,因而给操作带来困难。酯(C)的用量是总组成的2-40%。当其用量超过40%时,明显出现油污染。相反,当其用量低于2%时,也是不利的,困为降低了润滑性。
(D)项中(a)-(h)所代表的水溶性阳离子聚合物或两性聚合物既可单独使用,也可结合使用,其用量最好是占钢用冷轧润滑油总量的0.1-10%。
抗氧化剂(E)是根据本发明的第二个具体方案而用于冷轧润滑油中的,其中之一是苯酚型抗氧化剂,它的例子包括2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚,2-叔丁基对甲苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、2,5-二叔丁基对甲苯酚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄醇、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚。邻苯二酚、对叔丁基邻苯二酚、4,6-二叔丁基间苯二酚、6-(4-氧联)-3,5二叔丁基-苯胺基-2,4-双-(正辛硫基)-1,3,5-三嗪、(4-氧联-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)-十八烷基磷酸酯、4,4′-硫代双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4′-亚丁基双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-硫代双(4,6-二叔丁基间苯二酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)丙烷、4,4′-亚环己基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、四[亚甲基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸]甲烷、六亚甲基葡糖双[(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯酚)丙酸酯]、2,2′-硫代[二乙基-双-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯酚)丙酸酯]1,3,5-三甲基2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)苯、双-[3,3′-双-(4′-羟基-3′-叔丁基-苯基)-丁酸]乙二醇酯、1,3,5-三-(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸和类似物。
硫型抗氧化剂包括硫代二丙酸二月桂酯、硫代二丙酸二肉豆蔻酯、硫代二丙酸二硬脂酰酯、硫代二丙酸月桂基硬脂酰酯、β-β′-硫代二丁酸、二硬脂酰酯、二月桂基硫、双十八烷基硫、2-巯基苯并咪唑、S-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)烷基硫化甘醇酸酯、4,4′-硫代双(6-烷基-3-甲基苯酚)、N-氧联-二亚乙基-苯并噻唑基亚磺酰胺、二硫代四烷基秋兰姆、一硫代四烷基秋兰姆和类似物。
磷型抗氧化剂包括亚磷酸三苯基酯、亚磷酸三(十八烷基)酯、亚磷酸十三烷基酯、三月桂基三硫代亚磷酸酯、三烯丙基亚磷酸酯、二-(二壬苯基)- 单-(对-壬苯基)亚磷酸酯、二苯基异癸基亚磷酸酯、邻[2-叔丁基-5-甲基-4-(2-甲基-5-叔丁基-4-(羟苯基硫代)苯基]-S,S′-双-(月桂基硫代)亚磷酸酯、苯基二异癸基亚磷酸酯、苯基二异辛基亚磷酸酯、三亚环己基苯基)亚磷酸酯、三(邻-亚环己基苯基)亚磷酸酯、三(邻-二苯基)亚磷酸酯、三(对-苯基苯酚)亚磷酸酯、烷基(C8-12)环己基亚磷酸酯、烷基(C8-12)苯基环己基亚磷酸酯和类似物。
胺型抗氧化剂包括吩噻嗪、N,N′-二叔丁基对亚苯基二胺、4,4′-四甲基-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4-羟基二苯胺、N-氨基、N′-苯基对亚苯基二胺、N,N′-双(辛苯基)胺、N,N′-二苯基对亚苯基二胺、N,N′-二亚水杨基-1,2-二氨基丙烷、4,4′-双(4-,α,α′二甲基苄基)二苯胺、4,4′-二枯基二苯胺、N,N′-二-2-萘基-对-亚苯基二胺、N,N′-二甲苯基-对-亚苯基二胺、N-氨基-N-苯基对亚苯基二胺、N,N′-二环己基对亚苯基二胺、N,N′-二苯基对亚苯基二胺和类似物。
每种苯酚、硫、磷和胺型抗氧化剂(E)的用量是总润滑油组成的0.3-10.0%。超出这一范围会给润滑性带来有害影响。另一方面,当每种抗氧化剂的用量少于0.3%时,则抗氧化剂起作用的程度将大为减少。
本发明的冷轧润滑油除上述各种组分外,如果需要还可包括已知的各种添加剂。这类添加剂的例子包括防腐剂、耐特压添加剂和类似的添加剂。当然,根据本发明的第一个具体化方案,冷轧润滑油可以包含一种上述类型的抗氧化剂。防腐剂、耐特压添加剂和抗氧化剂的加入量可分别为0-2%,0-3%和0-5%。
防腐剂的例子包括胺及其衍生物、烯基琥珀酸及其衍生物、磷酸酯及其衍生物,以及类似物质。
耐特压添加剂的例子包括磷化合物,如磷酸三烷基酯、亚磷酸三烷基酯和类似物,以及有机金属化合物,如二烷基硫代磷酸的锌盐。
本发明的冷轧润滑油仅在使用时才将润滑油组分与水溶性聚合物混合,或者是制备一种含直至80%水的浓溶液,使用时用水将该溶液稀释。
用于本发明的聚合物(D)的作用机理还不完全清楚,但是可做如下推测。均匀溶于水相中的水溶性阳离子聚合物或两性聚合物在开始凝聚之前吸附被机械剪切力分得很细的润滑油组分的颗粒。这类聚合物通过一种凝聚作用把润滑油颗粒结合成大粒度的颗粒。此外,这种聚合物具有保护胶体的空间作用和电作用,以致使大粒度的颗粒可以稳定地分散在水中。
本发明的冷轧润滑油通过聚合物(D)的保护胶体的功能使得润滑油组分以大粒度稳定地分散在水中。在具有高剪切力的搅拌条件下也可保持较大颗粒的稳定分布。例如在槽中搅拌,或用泵进料或循环时。当把润滑油供轧制时使用并与轧制钢接触时,大粒度的油颗粒在轧钢上形成一层厚的强润滑油膜。因此,这种冷轧润滑油具有良好的润滑和轧制性能并且有良好的循环稳定性,与此优点相联系的是它的质量几乎不随时间而改变。此外,该润滑油还有下述优点。用于本发明的水溶性阳离子聚合物或两性聚合物能迅速吸附在液体或固体颗粒上并能够使它们具有亲水性。然而,这种聚合物对于乳化时所需的水和油之间的较低界面张力而言是不稳定的,所以润滑油组分不乳化。在与已有的采用了乳化剂的润滑油比较时,本发明的润滑油“吸住”杂质(如在实际轧制操作时混入的沾污的油和铁毛刺)的倾向较小。因此,本润滑油具有非常突出的特点,即它可作为不变的清洁润滑油并可保持稳定轧制和润滑特性。本发明的冷轧润滑油可以防止槽和轧机周围房屋的污染,因而对于实现清洁的操作环境是有利的。就这一点来说,使用常规的加乳化剂的冷轧润滑油是从未实现过的。
一种冷轧润滑油组合物中,如果除含有与本发明的第一个具体方案相应的成分外,还含有至少两种从苯酚、硫、磷和胺型抗氧化剂中选出的抗氧化剂,则这种润滑油对于热分解和热氧化分解具有良好的耐受力,而且在长时间的实际操作中保持稳定和高度的润滑性。此外,用这种润滑油组合物清洗后可改善钢板的可清洁性。
与常规的冷轧润滑油相比,本发明的冷轧润滑油在润滑性方面等于或优于商品牛油润滑油,在滚筒清洁性方面等于或优于以商品矿物油为基底油的润滑油,而在长期使用后的分散态稳定性方面优于常规的冷轧润滑油。本发明润滑油的其它优点是,现有技术仅允许对大厚度和中等厚度的钢板进行滚筒清洁轧制,但本发明的冷轧润滑油可扩大应用于 对薄钢板进行液筒清洁轧制。
实施例1
将具有如下组成的各种冷轧润滑油进行下述几种试验。其结果示于表1和表2中。
1.冷轧润滑油(重量百分数)
(1)根据本发明的第一个具体方案得到的冷轧润滑油:
№1
硬脂酸乙酯    77
聚合酸(1)    1
酯(A)    20
分散剂(A)    1
苯酚型抗氧化剂(A)    1
№2
牛油脂肪酸类的甲酯    72
聚合酸(2)    4
精制牛油    20
分散剂(B)    3
苯酚型抗氧化剂(B)    1
№3
硬脂酸2-乙基己基酯    80
聚合酸(3)    6
酯(B)    10
分散剂(C)    3
硫型抗氧化剂(A)    1
№4
棕榈酸丁酯    81
聚合酸(4)    10
酯(D)    5
分散剂(D)    3
苯酚型抗氧化剂(C)    1
№5
棕榈油脂肪酸类的乙酯    78
聚合酸(5)    3
脱酸棕榈油    15
分散剂(E)    3
磷酸酯型抗氧化剂(A)    1
№6
棕榈油脂肪酸类的月桂酯    80
聚合酸(3)    6
酯(C)    10
分散剂(A)    3
苯酚型抗氧化剂(A)    1
№7
山萮酸甲酯    75
聚合酸(3)    4
酯(C)    15
分散剂(F)    5
芳族胺型抗氧化剂(A)    1
(2)根据本发明的第二个具体方案得到的冷轧润滑油:
№8
硬脂酸2-乙基己基酯    75
聚合酸(1)    2
酯(A)    20
分散剂(B)    1
苯酚型抗氧化剂(A)    1
磷酸酯型抗氧化剂(B)    1
№9
硬脂酸乙酯    71
聚合酸(2)    4
精制牛油    20
分散剂(A)    3
苯酚型抗氧化剂(B)    1
硫型抗氧化剂(A)    1
№10
棕榈酸丁酯    77
聚合酸(3)    5
酯(B)    10
分散剂(C)    3
硫型抗氧化剂(B)    4
磷酸酯型抗氧化剂(C)    1
№11
山萮酸甲酯    78.5
聚合酸(4)    9
酯(D)    5
分散剂(D)    3
苯酚型抗氧化剂(C)    4
胺型抗氧化剂(A)    0.5
2.用于比较的冷轧润滑油
№1
硬脂酸丁酯    87.7
聚合酸(1)    0.3
酯(A)    5
表面活性剂(A)    4
苯酚型抗氧化剂(A)    1
磷酸酯型耐特压添加剂    1
№2
牛油脂肪酸类的甲酯    48
聚合酸(3)    20
酯(A)    25
表面活性剂(a)    5
苯酚型抗氧化剂(B)    1
磷酸酯型耐特压添加剂    1
№3
精制牛油    94
聚合酸(1)    2
表面活性剂(C)    3
苯酚型抗氧化剂(C)    1
№4
硬脂酸丁酯    63
酯(A)    30
牛油脂肪酸类    2
表面活性剂(a)    3
苯酚型抗氧化剂(A)    1
磷酸酯型耐特压添加剂    1
№5
硬脂酸乙酯    72
聚合酸(1)    1
酯(A)    20
表面活性剂(b)    5
苯酚型抗氧化剂(A)    1
磷酸酯型耐特压添加剂    1
№6
商售牛油润滑油
№7
商售以矿物油作基底油的润滑油
在上述各种组成中,聚合酸、酯、分散剂、表面活性剂和抗氧化剂是指的如下一些物质或化合物。
聚合酸(1):牛油脂肪酸的聚合酸(二聚酸∶三聚和三聚以上聚合酸7∶3)。
聚合酸(2):油酸和亚油酸(混合比2∶1)的聚合酸(二聚酸∶三聚和三聚以上聚合酸=5∶5)
聚合酸(3):油酸的聚合酸(二聚酸∶三聚和三聚以上聚合酸=7∶3)
聚合酸(4):大豆油脂肪酸类的聚合酸(二聚酸∶三聚和三聚以上聚合酸=6∶4)。
聚合酸(5):鲨油酸和油酸(混合比1∶2)的聚合酸(二聚酸∶三聚和三聚以上聚合酸=8∶2)。
酯(A):由100克聚合酸(1)和25克二甘醇在氮气流中、在220℃加热条件及标准压力下缩合以得到一种多元醇-聚酯(羟值=53),然后将100克得到的多元醇-聚酯与24克异硬脂酸(酸值=205)在氮气流中、在220℃加热条件及标准压力下缩合而得到的一种酯。该酯的羟值为8,酸值为5,平均分子量为2000。
酯(B):由100克聚合酸(2)和22克丙二醇在氮气流中、220℃加热条件及标准压力下缩合以得到一种多元醇-聚酯(羟值=122),然后将100克所得多元醇-聚酯与29克山酸(酸值=161)在氮气流中、220℃加热条件及标准压力下缩合而得到的酯。该酯的羟值为8,酸值为7,平均分子量为1500。
酯(C):由100克聚合酸(3)与40克聚乙二醇(平均分子量=200)在氮气流中、在220℃加热条件及标准压力下缩合以得到一种多元醇-聚酯(羟值=23),然后将100克所得多元醇-聚酯与10克棕榈酸(酸值=218)在氮气流中、220℃加热条件及标准压力下缩合而得到的酯。该酯的羟值为6,酸值为5,平均分子量4000。
酯(D):由100克聚合酸(3)和10克二甘醇在氮气流中、220℃加热条件及标准压力下缩合以得到一种多元醇-聚酯(羟值=77),然后将100克所得多元醇-聚酯与38克硬脂醇(羟值=205)在氮气流中、220℃加热条件及标准压力下缩合得到的酯。该酯的羟值为7,酸值为6,平均分子量1300。
分散剂(A):甲基丙烯酰基二甲氨基乙基乙氧基化物的乙醇酸盐/吖丙啶=1/1(摩尔比)的共聚物(分子量110,000)。
分散剂(B):甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙基酯的磷酸盐/甲基丙烯酸钠=4/2(摩尔比)的共聚物(分子量10,000)。
分散剂(C):甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙基酯的硼酸盐/乙烯基吡咯烷酮/丙烯酸钠=6/2/2(摩尔比)的共聚物(分子量180,000)。
分散剂(D):甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙基酯的甲 磷酸盐/丙烯酸钠/乙烯磺酸钠=4/1/1的共聚物(分子量300,000)。
分散剂(E):阳离子化纤维素的季铵盐。
分散剂(F):分子剂(A)和(D)的1∶1混合物。
表面活性剂(a):聚氧乙烯壬苯基醚(所加环氧乙烷的摩尔数,n=6)。
表面活性剂(b):聚氧乙烯月桂醚(所加环氧乙烷摩尔数,n=5)。
表面活性剂(c):聚氧乙烯-硬脂酸酯(所加环氧乙烷的摩尔数,n=7)。
苯酚型抗氧化剂(A):2,5-二叔丁基-对-甲苯酚。
苯酚型抗氧化剂(B):4,4′-亚丁基双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)
苯酚型抗氧化剂(C):四[亚甲基-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸]甲烷。
硫型抗氧化剂(A):硫代二丙酸月桂基硬脂酰酯。
硫型抗氧化剂(B):S-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)-2-乙基己基硫代乙醇酸酯
磷酸酯型抗氧化剂(A):亚磷酸三烯丙基酯。
磷酸酯型抗氧化剂(B):亚磷酸苯基二异辛酯。
磷酸酯型抗氧化剂(C):亚磷酸三(邻-联苯基)酯。
胺型抗氧化剂(A):N,N′-叔丁基-对-亚苯、基二胺。
1.试验项目和试验方法
(1)润滑性
采用泰姆肯(Timken)试验机,每种冷轧润滑油用水稀释至浓度为5%,然后用均质器以10,000转/分的速度搅拌,因而得到一种供以后循环使用的置于槽中的50℃的冷轧润滑油分散体。根据磨损刚刚开始发生前由某一负载与转数所确定的磨损范围曲线内的面积(OK面积)对试验结果进行评价,并用此面积与最差者(取做1.0)之比表示评价结果。
(2)抗退火沾污性
将0.3%的铁粉颗粒(颗粒度小于5微米)加到每种冷轧润滑油浓度为5%的分散体中,从而在槽中制备60℃的润滑油分散体。将此分散体通过齿轮泵从喷嘴涂在试验钢板的全部表面上(0.5升/分,1大气压,2秒)。然后在空气中清洗干燥,将干燥的两块钢板叠合在一起,使叠合的钢板在40公斤/平方厘米负荷及130℃加热下相互接触15小时。此后,将这些钢板在气氛为N2+5%H2的混合气的退火炉中于700℃下退火2小时。然后用目视法观察退火钢板表面的外观。外观的评价分为五级,最差的外观规定为第五级。
(3)分散体的长期循环稳定性
将0.3%铁粉(颗粒度小于5微米)加到每一润滑油浓度为5%的分散体中,以在槽中制备一种60℃的润滑油分散体。将此分散体用齿轮泵在2.5公斤/平方厘米压力下不断循环并喷遍加热至150℃的铁制轧辊。48小时后,除了上层浮油以外,将分散体中的油组分提取出来并称重,由此即可确定相对于最初充油量的减少率。
(4)废水处理试验
用与试验(1)相同的方法制备1升冷轧润滑油分散体,向其中加入3克硫酸铝。接着将此混合物搅拌2分钟,然后再加入Ca(OH)2将pH值调到7.0,再搅拌10分钟。此后,静置混合物并收集得到的上层清液进行化学耗氧量(COD)测定(KMnO4法)。
从表1和表2的结果可明显看到,本发明的用于钢的冷轧润滑油在润滑性、抗退火沾污性以及其分散体的长期循环稳定性和废水可处理性方面都优于对照的通常用于这些目的的润滑油。
表1
特性
冷轧润滑油号数    润滑性    抗退火沾污性
本发明的第一个具体方案的冷轧润滑油
1    2.45    1
2    2.60    1-2
3    2.55    1
4    2.40    1-2
5    2.35    1
6    2.50    1
7    2.65    1
本发明的第二个具体方案的冷轧润滑油
8    2.50    1
9    2.60    1
10    2.55    1
11    2.60    1
对照用冷轧润滑油
1    1.50    2-3
2    2.30    3
3    2.15    5
4    1.70    2-3
5    1.90    2-3
6    1.85    5
7    1.00    2-3
表2
上层浮油量(循环时间:
冷轧润滑油    化学耗氧量
48小时)(基于最初充油量
号数    (ppm)
而得出的减少率)重量%    (ppm)
本发明的第一个具体方案的冷轧润滑油
1    9    158
2    6    160
3    7    159
4    16    311
5    17    365
6    7    165
7    6    171
本发明第二个具体方案的冷轧润滑油
8    7    148
9    6    155
10    6    154
11    7    156
对照用冷轧润滑油
1    27    1820
2    32    2110
3    41    1720
4    30    1750
5    28    2320
6    52    2810
7    38    2930

Claims (2)

1、钢用冷轧润滑油,该润滑油含有(A)40-90%(重量)的碳原子数为12-22的脂族羧酸和碳原子数为1-12的脂族醇的单酯,(B)0.5-10%(重量)的碳原子数为16-20的高级不饱和肪脂酸的二聚酸和聚合酸中的至少一种,(C)2-40%(重量)的分子量为750-7500的聚酯,它是由碳原子数为16-20的高级不饱和脂肪酸的二聚酸和聚合酸中至少一种在加热条件下与多元醇缩合并将所得聚酯的剩余羧基或羟基与碳原子数为1-22的醇或碳原子数为12-22的脂族酸反应而制得的,或者是10-25%(重量)的脂肪或脂油,以及(D)0.1-10%(重量)的分子中含有氮原子的、分子量为1000-1,000,000并从下述(a)和(g)组成的一组聚合物中选出的一种聚合物:
(a)具有下列通式(Ⅰ)和(Ⅴ)的含氮单体或其盐的均聚物或共聚物:
Figure 86102119_IMG2
(式中R1代表H或CH3,R2和R3各自代表H或一个含有1-3个碳原子的烷基)。
(式中A代表-O-或-NH-,n1代表1-3的一个数值,而R1、R2和R3分别与通式(Ⅰ)中所规定的意义相同),
(g)脱乙酰壳多糖、淀粉或纤维素的盐,或它们的阳离子化产物。
2、钢用冷轧润滑油,该润滑油含有(A)40-90%(重量)的碳原子数为12-22的脂族羧酸和碳原子数为1-12的脂族醇的单酯,(B)0.5-10%(重量)的碳原子数为16-20的高级不饱和脂肪酸的二聚酸和聚合酸中的至少一种,(C)2-40%(重量)的分子量为750-7500的聚酯,它是由碳原子数为16-20的高级不饱和脂肪酸的二聚酸和聚合酸中的至少一种在加热条件下与多元醇缩合并将所得聚酯的剩余羧基或羟基与碳原子数为1-22的醇或碳原子数为12-22的脂族酸反应而制得的,或者是10-25%(重量)的脂肪或脂油,(D)0.1-10%(重量)的分子中含有氮原子的、分子量为1000-1000,000并从下述(a)和(g)组成的一组聚合物中选出的一种聚合物,以及(E)至少两种从苯酚型抗氧化剂、硫型抗氧化剂、磷型抗氧化剂和胺型抗氧化剂中选出的抗氧化剂,每种均为0.3-10%(重量),
(a)具有下列通式(Ⅰ)和(Ⅴ)的两种或多种含氮单体或其盐的均聚物或共聚物:
Figure 86102119_IMG4
(式中R1代表H或CH3,R2和R3各自代表H或一个含有1-3个碳原子的烷基),
(式中A代表-O-或-NH-,n1代表1-3的一个数值,而R1、R2和R3分别与通式(Ⅰ)中所规定的意义相同),
(g)脱乙酰壳多糖、淀粉或纤维素的盐,或它们的阳离子化产物。
CN86102119A 1985-04-03 1986-04-02 用于钢的冷轧润滑油 Expired CN1010413B (zh)

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