CN101031609B - 用于制备纤维增强型树脂涂布薄片的方法 - Google Patents
用于制备纤维增强型树脂涂布薄片的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101031609B CN101031609B CN2005800326043A CN200580032604A CN101031609B CN 101031609 B CN101031609 B CN 101031609B CN 2005800326043 A CN2005800326043 A CN 2005800326043A CN 200580032604 A CN200580032604 A CN 200580032604A CN 101031609 B CN101031609 B CN 101031609B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于无溶剂制备纤维增强型树脂涂布薄片的方法,所述方法包括下列步骤:(i)将涂料粉末施加到选自织布或非织布的基板上,其中所述涂料粉末通过在磁性粒子存在下摩擦而带电,然后借助于流化床和/或视情况借助于一个或一个以上混合滚筒进行输送,然后借助于刷式鼓筒与带有所述基板的基板滚筒之间的电场传递并施加到所述基板上,其中所述基板与导电片或放电片紧密接触;(ii)将所述基板上所获得的粉末涂层熔融并部分固化以制备纤维增强型树脂涂布薄片。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制备纤维增强型树脂涂布薄片的方法。
背景技术
形成具有不同厚度的各层在制造印刷电路板中起重要作用。因此,举例而言,以溶解于溶剂中的环氧树脂组合物涂布铜箔,然后蒸发溶剂。然后在真空下以压力将由此所获得的薄片层压在已结构化的所谓的内层上(US 5,718,039、US 6,187,416、EP1 108 532A1)。另一实例为在最终印刷电路板上施加阻焊层(solder mask)。相应组合物也含有需要通过加热除去的溶剂(EP 0 323 563 A2)。
预浸料(prepreg)的制备是通过在称作浸涂机(treater)的特定涂布单元中向玻璃布(glass fabric)施加树脂组合物来进行。在这种方法中,将织物在滚筒上输送,且首先浸渍在将要施加到有机溶剂中的树脂的溶液中,然后通过长向(纵向)布置的烘箱,以致溶剂从两侧均匀蒸发。因为作用于玻璃布上的力,所以不可能使用任何厚度的材料,而是对于这种材料而言,有必要具有最小的厚度以致可进行加工。因此,举例而言,最薄的市售预浸料具有50μm的厚度。
另外,已知无溶剂方法(solvent-free process),其中分别熔融树脂组分和固化剂组分,且仅在玻璃布上混合(参看Kelly Graham,Solventless Prepreg Manufacturing Process,www.circuitree.com)。
溶剂基方法(solvent-based process)的不利之处在于其需要大量的能量来蒸发溶剂,其对环境有害,其需要完善的工业卫生,溶剂是可燃的,废物处理复杂且需要额外的大量成本。
用于制备预浸料的已知无溶剂系统的不利之处在于其需要复杂的设备来加工具有相对高粘度的熔融树脂系统。对所述包括同时加入混合头的粘结剂和固化剂的系统的高反应性进行控制也可证明很困难。另外,在对所有加工参数不进行复杂的重新调整的情况下仅有限数量的配方可用于这种方法中。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于制备无前述缺点的纤维增强型树脂涂布薄片的无溶剂方法。所述方法应导致均匀的层厚度。另外,所述方法应允许使用非常薄的纤维增强型材料而织物不会发生部分或完全破裂。因此,在制备印刷电路板中包括树脂/玻璃纤维/铜复合物的组分层应变得更薄且更轻。最后,所述方法应提供纤维增强型树脂涂布铜片,其使得在制备印刷电路板中可更快速地激光钻孔,因此导致生产效率增加,这是因为在激光钻孔机的相同处理能力下每时间单位可钻出更多的孔。
本目的是通过使导电材料或放电材料(金属薄片、被赋予抗静电性的聚合物、导电聚合物、导电玻璃或具有导电涂层的玻璃、金属化聚合物)的无溶剂涂层与织布和非织布组合的方法来实现。特定而言,本发明涉及一种用于无溶剂制备纤维增强型树脂涂布薄片的方法,所述方法包括下列步骤:
(i)将涂料粉末施加到选自织布或非织布的基板上,其中所述涂料粉末通过在磁性粒子存在下摩擦而带电,然后借助于流化床和/或视情况借助于一个或一个以上混合滚筒进行输送,然后借助于电磁刷式鼓筒(electromagnetic brush drum)与带有所述基板的基板滚筒之间的电场传递并施加到所述基板上,
其中所述基板与导电片或放电片紧密接触;
(ii)将所述基板上所获得的粉末涂层熔融并部分固化以制备纤维增强型树脂涂布薄片。
根据本发明方法的一个优选实施例,使用玻璃纤维或高性能纤维作为纤维增强型基板材料。优选的高性能纤维是芳香族聚酰胺纤维(aramide fibre)、碳纤维和陶瓷纤维。
在本发明的方法中,可使用非常薄的由玻璃纤维或高性能纤维组成的织布或垫子。一般来说,其厚度为5-200μm、优选为10-40μm、最优选为15-20μm。
使用本发明方法可获得非常均质或均匀的粉末涂层。因此,举例而言,可通过本发明的方法获得厚度为60μm的层,整个层的厚度差异为±15%、优选为±10%且最优选为±5%。
这将本发明的方法与涂料技术中已知的方法(例如粉末喷涂法)区别开来。这些方法导致涂层厚度不均匀,这是印刷电路板领域中所不可接受的。
在本发明方法中使用所谓的电磁刷(electromagnetic brush),且所述方法是基于激光打印机和复印机以类似形式所使用的原则。
本发明尤其基于以下的惊人发现,即组合物或配方的填充粒子以完全均匀的方式分布在织物中,意即它们不“粘附”到表面。
在容器中将待施加的粉末与载体粒子或所谓的载体混合。这些载体是由具有聚合物涂层的磁芯组成。
可借助于数个滚筒而使粉末带静电,从而粘附到载体上。借助于混合滚筒可将粉末与载体一起连续输送到内部具有磁铁的所谓的刷辊(brush roll)上。或者,可以流化床完成输送到刷式鼓筒。磁性载体粒子现在和与其粘着的粉末一起粘着到刷式鼓筒上。在刷式鼓筒与基板鼓筒之间施加相应电压后,粉末粒子被输送到基板(例如,织物/金属箔三明治),而载体粒子保留在系统中。这样,可将均匀厚度的层施加到基板上。
附图说明
图1示意性描述具有混合鼓筒的涂布单元。将载体和粉末在容器(10)中混合。从而使粉末带电并粘着到带有相反电荷的载体上。通过混合滚筒(4)输送到刷式鼓筒(1)。混合滚筒或混合鼓筒内部分别可具有磁铁。或者,其外部具有翼板或叶片。这些分别用来混合载体与粉末或涂料粉末。混合滚筒将粒子输送到刷式鼓筒(1)。刷式鼓筒内部具有磁铁。通过在刷式鼓筒(1)与基板鼓筒(2)之间施加电压,带正电荷的粉末粒子受到排斥,并被传递到基板鼓筒(2)上的接地基板(6)上。将基板(例如铜片)从滚筒(6)退绕。基板必须是放电基板。
图1进一步展示分别用于熔融涂料粉末和烧结粉末的加热装置(7)。(4)表示汽提载体以致载体被传递回容器中的金属板或片。最后,(8)表示用于卷绕经涂布基板的滚筒。
图2展示包括流化床的改进:图1所示的混合滚筒(3)由流化床(图2中由点表示)代替。流化床是通过分别向载体与粉末或涂料粉末的混合物中吹入空气而产生的,所述流化床混合且因此导致载体和粉末带相反的静电荷。另外,得以输送到刷式鼓筒中。
具体实施方式
涂料粉末的粒度通常小于150μm,且优选小于100μm,且最优选小于60μm。
载体粒子的尺寸通常为10-150μm,且优选为20-100μm。
在本发明的方法中,优选使用可固化的涂料粉末,其包括可由下列步骤获得的粒子:
(i)混合下列物质:
(a)聚合物粘结剂、恶嗪树脂、氰酸酯或马来酰亚胺,
(b)硬化剂或引发剂,
(c)涂料添加剂,
(d)可选择的填充剂,
(e)可选择的增容聚合物(compatibilizing polymer),
和可选择的其它组分;
(ii)熔融挤出在步骤(i)中所获得的混合物;和
(iii)碾磨并筛分所挤出的混合物。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,涂料粉末在未固化状态下具有至少20℃、优选至少25℃且更优选至少30℃的玻璃化转变温度,且在固化状态下具有至少150℃、优选至少160℃且更优选至少170℃的玻璃化转变温度。
在本发明的方法中,固化优选进行到1%到70%的程度,优选为10%到50%(如由DSC所测量)。
另外,聚合物粘结剂优选基本上是在室温下为固体的环氧树脂。所述树脂的玻璃化转变温度应优选为至少25℃。
用于本发明的涂料粉末优选也可包括环氧树脂混合物。所述混合物在未固化状态下优选具有大于25℃的玻璃化转变温度。其分子量(数量平均分子量)通常大于600。
举例而言,在Clayton A.May(编)Epoxy Resins:Chemistry and Technology,第二版,Marcel Dekker Inc.,New York,1988中描述适合用以制备用于本发明的涂料粉末的环氧树脂。
基于双酚A和双酚A二缩水甘油醚的环氧树脂的优选混合物。这些树脂的环氧当量大于300克/当量。所述树脂例如为D.E.R.6508(购自Dow Chemicals)。
也可以视情况加入基于双酚F和双酚S的环氧树脂。
另外,混合物可以包括多官能环氧树脂。这些树脂的官能度大于3。所述多官能环氧树脂的实例为甲基酚醛环氧树脂、酚醛环氧树脂和含萘酚的多官能环氧树脂。
前述环氧树脂的实例为双酚A环氧树脂,例如D.E.R.667-20、D.E.R.663UE、D.E.R.692H、D.E.R.692、D.E.R.662E、D.E.R.6508、D.E.R.642U-20(购自Dow Chemicals);甲基酚醛环氧树脂,例如Araldite ECN 1299、Araldite ECN 1280(Vantico)、EOCN-103S、EOCN-104、NC-3000、EPPN 201、EPPN-502H(Nippon Kayaku);萘酚环氧树脂,例如NC 7000-L(Nippon Kayaku);和溴化环氧树脂,例如Araldite 8010(Vantico)、BREN-S(Nippon Kayaku)、ESB-400 T(Sumitomo)和Epikote 5051(Resolution)。另外,也可以使用改性环氧树脂。举例而言,所述改性是使用链反应终止剂来控制分子量(所谓“高流动”树脂)和使用多官能单体来制备分支树脂。
用于本发明的尤其优选的涂料粉末包括约50-90wt.%的环氧化物和约5-20wt.%的氰酸酯作为组分(a),约0.5-5wt.%的双氰胺和约0.1-2wt.%的2-苯基咪唑作为组分(b),例如约85wt.%的环氧化物、10wt.%的氰酸酯、约2wt.%的双氰胺作为硬化剂和约1wt.%的2-苯基咪唑作为引发剂。
如上所述,除环氧树脂以外,氰酸酯也可以用作聚合物粘结剂。在制备用于本发明的涂料粉末中,这些物质以单体形式和低聚物或预聚物的形式使用。
合适氰酸酯是双官能氰酸酯,例如BADCy、Primaset Fluorocy、Primaset MethylCy;或多官能氰酸酯,例如Primaset BA-200、Primaset PT 60、Primaset CT 90、Primaset PT 30。所有上述双官能和多官能氰酸酯都可购自Lonza,Basel,Switzerland。
尤其优选的氰酸酯是BADCy和其预聚物(例如Primaset BA-200)。
除氰酸酯以外,组分(a)也可以包括含有1-氧杂-3-氮杂-四氢萘的化合物(恶嗪树脂)。在制备用于本发明的涂料粉末中,这些物质在初始时也是以单体形式使用。
优选的恶嗪树脂是通过使双酚A与苯胺和甲醛反应或通过使4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷与苯酚和甲醛反应所获得的树脂。其它实例可见于WO 02/072655和EP 0 493 310 A1以及WO 02/055603和日本专利申请案JP 2001-48536、JP 2000-358678、JP 2000-255897、JP2000-231515、JP 2000-123496、JP 1999-373382、JP 1999-310113和JP 1999-307512中。其它实例可见于Macromolecular Chemistry,Macromolecular Symposia(1993),74(4thMeeting on Fire Retardant Polymers,1992),165-71、EP 0 493 310 A1、EP 0 458 740 A1、EP 0 458 739 A2、EP 0 356 379 A1和EP 0 178 414 A1中。
用于制备本发明的涂料粉末的马来酰亚胺本身也为所属领域技术人员所已知,且例如描述于Shiow-Ching Lin,Eli M.Pearce,High-Performance Thermosets,CarlHanserVeriag,Munich 1994,第2章中。
用于本发明的树脂组合物的组分(b)包括硬化剂或引发剂。所述硬化剂和引发剂本身为所属领域技术人员所已知,且包括在室温下具有低活性的潜在硬化剂,例如酚系硬化剂,例如D.E.H.90、D.E.H.87、D.E.H.85、D.E.H.84、D.E.H.82(可购自Dow Chemicals,US);双氰胺或其衍生物,例如Dyhard OTB、Dyhard UR 200、Dyhard UR 300、DyhardUR 500、Dygard 100、Dyhard 100 S、Dyhard 100 SF和Dyhard 100 SH(可购自Degussa,Germany);双酚A;酸酐,例如邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、偏苯三酸酐、均苯四酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、HET酸酐、十二烯基琥珀酸酐、双环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2,3-二甲酸酐;芳香族和脂肪族胺,例如二氨基二苯砜、二氨基二苯醚、二氨基二苯基甲烷;或环取代双苯胺,例如M-DEA、M-DIPA、M-MIPA、DETDA 80(所有上述化合物都可购自Lonza,Basel,Switzerland)。
优选采用双氰胺或改性双氰胺。
在用于本发明的树脂组合物中,以低于10wt.%、优选低于5wt.%(下限:约0.1wt.%)的量使用硬化剂或引发剂。
优选引发剂为咪唑和其衍生物,例如2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑、双(2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑)、2-十一烷基咪唑、2,4-二氨基-6(2′-甲基-咪唑(1′))乙基-s-三嗪和1-氰乙基-2-十一烷基咪唑。另外,可以使用由咪唑和羧酸所形成的盐。其它引发剂为1,8-二氮杂-双环(5.4.0)十一碳烯(DBU)和三卤化硼-胺复合物(例如BF3-胺)。其它实例可见于Clayton A,May(编)Epoxy Resins:Chemistry and Technology,第2版,Marcel Dekker Inc.,New York,1988中。
用于本发明的树脂组合物另外包括涂料添加剂作为组分(c)。这些涂料添加剂包括流动控制剂、脱气剂和润滑剂。这些涂料添加剂本身为所属领域技术人员所已知。典型实例为丙烯酸丁酯聚合物作为流动控制剂、安息香作为脱气剂和蜡作为润滑剂。另外,例如稳定剂可用作涂料添加剂。
用于本发明的树脂组合物所含涂料添加剂的量一般为0.1-10wt.%,优选为0.2-5wt.%。
涂料添加剂也包括粘着促进剂。粘着促进剂可用于提供与铜基板的粘着力。
用于本发明的涂料粉末可另外包括有机和无机填充剂(d)。
这些填充剂适合以5到300wt.%、优选10到200wt.%、更优选10到100wt.%的量用于本发明所用的涂料粉末中。所述量与涂料粉末组分(a)、(b)和(c)的总和相关。
有机填充剂的实例为含氟聚合物,例如聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、四氟乙烯/六氟丙烯共聚物(FEP)、四氟乙烯/乙烯共聚物(E/TFE)、四氟乙烯/六氟丙烯/偏二氟乙烯三聚物(THV)、聚(三氟氯乙烯)(PCTFE)、三氟氯乙烯/乙烯共聚物(E/CTFE)、聚(氟乙烯)(PVF)、聚(偏二氟乙烯)(PVDF)、全氟烷氧基共聚物(PFA)、四氟乙烯/全氟甲基乙烯醚共聚物(MFA),另外还有聚(氯乙烯)(PVC)、聚苯醚(PPO)、聚砜(PSU)、聚芳醚砜(PES)、聚苯醚砜(PPSU)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚醚酮(PEK)和聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)。
尤其优选的有机填充剂为四氟乙烯/六氟丙烯共聚物(FEP)、乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)和聚苯醚(PPO)。
在用于本发明的涂料粉末中,可优选使用在加工时不熔融的有机填充剂。或者,可使用熔融且在冷却时显示相分离的填充剂。
除有机填充剂以外,也可以在涂料粉末中使用无机填充剂。
所述填充剂例如为熔融二氧化硅,例如Silbond 800 EST、Silbond 800 AST、Silbond800 TST、Silbond 800 VST、Silbond 600 EST、Silbond 600 AST、Silbond 600 TST、Silbond600 VST(可购自Quarzwerke Frechen,Germany);气相二氧化硅,例如Aerosil 300和Aerosil R 972;沉淀二氧化硅,例如Ultrasil 360、Sipernat D 10、Sipernat 320(可购自Degussa,Germany);煅烧高岭土,例如PoleStar(Imerys,St Austell,UK)、Santintone(Engelhard Corporation,Iselin,NJ,US)、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化锆、硅酸铝、碳酸钙和硫酸钡,石英玻璃和高岭土是优选的填充剂。另外,可提到陶瓷,尤其是具有低或负膨胀系数的陶瓷。
用于本发明的涂料粉末的优势在于,为最优化产品特性,可能从多种填充剂中选择最佳满足相关要求的填充剂。举例而言,因此给定环氧树脂混合物可视需要加以改性。甚至也可以并入难以加工的填充剂而不会有任何问题。因此,必要时可调整电特性,例如介电常数(Dk)、介电损耗因数(tanδ)、击穿电阻、表面电阻、体积电阻;和机械特性,例如弯曲强度、冲击强度、抗张强度;以及其它材料特性,例如热膨胀系数(CTE)、可燃性和其它特性。填充剂无需可溶于或可稳定分散于有机溶剂中。因此,可能使用以前不能或仅勉强用于顺序内建(sequential build-up,SBU)的材料作为填充剂,例如前述有机填充剂。
涂料粉末和由其制备的涂层的电和机械特性可受填充剂影响和控制。
因此,举例而言,可采用具有低介电常数的填充剂(例如PTFE、FEP和高岭土)以制备具有相应低介电常数的涂层。
可通过类似方式来控制其它电特性。
可受填充剂影响的机械特性尤其包括例如热膨胀系数、冲击强度和抗张强度的特性。
下列填充剂尤其适用于控制热膨胀系数:石英玻璃、高岭土、碳酸钙和具有负膨胀系数的陶瓷。
弯曲强度可受(例如)PPO影响或控制。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,固化涂料粉末在x、y和z方向上具有小于70ppm/℃且优选小于60ppm/℃的热膨胀系数(CTE)。
根据另一优选实施例,涂层在固化状态下的介电常数小于3.8,优选小于3.6。另外,优选的是固化配方的玻璃化转变温度为150℃以上,优选为160℃以上。
另外,可使用阻燃材料作为填充剂。这些阻燃材料的实例为在加热时释放出水的无机材料,例如氢氧化铝,其例如作为Martinal OL-104、Martinal OL-111(Martinswerk GmbH,Bergheim,Germany)或Apyral 60 D(Nabaltec,Schwandorf,Germany)购得;氢氧化镁,例如作为氢氧化镁8814(Martinswek GmbH,Bergheim,Germany)或氢氧化镁SIM 2,2(Scheruhn industrie-Mineralien,Hof,Germany)购得;含磷有机化合物,例如磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、磷酸三甲苯酯(TCP)、磷酸甲苯二苯酯(CDP)、氧化叔膦(tertiary phosphinoxide)(例如和410)、环氧树脂中分散液形式的红磷(例如Exolit RP650)或粉末形式的红磷(例如Exolit OP 930)(两种产品都可购自Clariant GmbH,Frankfurt,Germany)和三氧化锑。
另外,本发明涂料粉末的可燃性可受组分(c)、即涂料添加剂影响和控制。就此而言,例如可提到含磷和含氮阻燃剂。
本发明的涂料粉末可视情况进一步包含增容聚合物。所述增容聚合物例如为二嵌段或三嵌段共聚物,例如苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯或苯乙烯/丁二烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物(Atofina,France)。
另外,用于本发明的涂料粉末可含有传统用于环氧树脂加工的传统添加剂。
在制备用于本发明的涂料粉末中,首先干式碾磨组分(a)、(b)、(c)和可选择的(d)和(e)以得到粉末。
在这种情况下,预先混合并挤出个别组分以制备母料是适用的。
尤其在某些组分难以并入时,必须使用这一程序。然后将所述组分彼此预先并入。所述母料也有市售。举例而言,在树脂的情况下,例如可能预先混合两种树脂。尤其当树脂之一具有低的玻璃化转变温度时使用这一作用过程。另外,当仅使用少量的某些组分时,也可以使用这一程序。
前述组分或母料以干燥状态预混合并碾磨。在碾磨之前,可视情况冷却混合物。
在彻底混合(并视情况冷却)之后,碾磨干燥状态的材料,同时保留粉末,然后挤出粉末。这一挤出过程为各组分提供完全均化,且是整个过程中的关键步骤。
挤出之后,碾磨干燥状态的材料且分离尺寸过大的材料,其中适合使用小于10到500μm且优选小于100μm范围内的筛眼孔径,这保证了相应的粒度。分级碾磨机(例如Hosekawa MicroPul)尤其适合于碾磨。
前述熔融挤出优选以使得反应性组分的转化率小于20%、优选小于10%的方式进行。这种反应是由于在挤出时形成熔体的缘故。所属领域技术人员可通过热分析来测定转化度。相应的挤出参数(用于获得所述转化度)可由所属领域技术人员通过简单实验来确定。其取决于挤出机类型和所用组分的类型和量。举例而言,可使用布斯往复螺杆捏合机(Buss co-kneader)作为挤出机,在其中挤出前述组分。如上所述,随后将块状物冷却并减小为小片。最终的涂料粉末混合物优选具有1到500μm、尤其为10到100μm范围内的平均粒度。
将以这种方式生产的涂料粉末用于本发明的方法中来制备纤维增强型树脂涂布铜片以用于生产印刷电路板。
在本发明方法的步骤(ii)中可使用下列方法进行熔融:
a)在有对流或无对流的情况下在烘箱中熔融,
b)红外辐射,
c)近红外辐射(NIR)和
d)感应和视情况
e)由微波激发。
在本发明的方法中,优选由NIR实现熔融。本方法描述于WO 99/47276、DE10109847、Kunststoffe(1999),89(6),62-64和Journal für (1998),38(2),26-29中。
熔融步骤尤其重要。在加热时,发生粘度变化,即粉末首先熔融。熔体的粘度在开始时降低。随后发生固化且因此粘度升高。本发明方法中必须以下列方式进行这一操作,即熔体粘度在开始时尽可能低,然后达到良好的流动性而不形成气泡,以致获得无孔薄膜。
因此,首先熔融涂层,其保持可流动且因此可用于通过下列步骤制备多层结构:
(i)借助于电磁刷将涂料粉末施加到基板上(如上所述),
(ii)熔融涂料粉末,随后冷却,
(iii)将经涂布基板层压到已包括一层以上的印刷电路板上,
(iv)固化,
(v)钻孔且直通连接个别层和基板以制备多层结构,
(vi)视情况重复步骤(i)到(v)。
以这种方式获得无孔涂层。
本方法的基本特征在于固化主要发生在步骤(iv)中,即在制备多层结构之后。就此而言,重要的是薄膜在结构形成期间仍可流动。
在按压或层压期间发生熔融粉末涂层的固化。按压或层压是在真空和压力下进行,相应参数为所属领域技术人员所已知。举例而言,可使用Lauffer压力机或Adara压力机。将根据所用的个别材料调整按压周期。
在本方法的最后步骤中,进行个别层与基板的按压接触以制备多层结构。
根据上述方法制备的纤维增强型树脂涂布薄片有时显示有气泡。所述气泡的产生可通过在步骤(i)中由下列步骤实现基板与薄片之间的紧密接触来避免:在步骤(i)之前由本身已知的方法(粉末喷涂、粉末云、电磁刷)将涂料粉末沉积在薄片上以获得经粉末涂布的薄片;通过对经粉末涂布的薄片施加热来熔融所获得的粉末涂层;将所述基板施加到所述经涂布薄片上以获得三明治样结构,视情况以涂料粉末第二次涂布所述三明治样结构;然后熔融并层压所述三明治样结构以形成包括基板和薄片的基板层压板。
优选的是,涂料粉末以3-30μm、优选为10-15μm范围内的厚度沉积在薄片(例如铜箔)上。
将经涂布薄片以涂料粉末仅部分固化的方式加热。一般来说,固化程度小于60%,优选小于40%且最优选小于30%。
对于熔融涂料粉末而言,可使用前文所述的方法,例如NIR。
一般来说,熔融温度在80-250℃范围内,且优选在100-170℃范围内。
熔融时间为0.1-20秒且优选为0.1-5秒。
因为涂料粉末仅部分固化,所以可能层压经涂布薄片(例如铜箔)和基板(例如玻璃布)。
层压优选通过辊式层压或带式层压来进行。带式层压因其增加基板与薄片之间的紧密接触而为优选的。
层压通常是在100-180℃范围内且优选在120-150℃范围内的温度下进行。
层压压力在1-30N/cm2且优选为15-25N/cm2的范围内。
如已提到,本发明的方法获得更均匀的涂料粉末,且因此获得更均匀的层厚度和边缘涂层。另外,本发明方法的优势在于无需任何溶剂,以致可减少原材料的成本。另外,可节约大量的能量。另外,不产生溶剂处理(通过燃烧)的成本。
另一优势在于可避免在蒸发溶剂时所发生的且使得难以从内层完全除去溶剂的所谓的“愈合作用(skin over effect)”。由于在本发明方法中无需使用溶剂(仅需要熔融树脂),因此可通过紧密方式来构造用于实施本发明方法的整个装置,且仍然以高的传送带速度进行操作。
由于装置非常矮,因此其不包括大量自由悬垂的基板材料(例如玻璃布)。
本发明方法的另一优势在于其中所存在的无接触涂层。另外,如前文所述,可能向涂料粉末中并入各种填充剂。
关于纤维增强型树脂涂布金属薄片的制备,另外应注意施加于基板材料(例如玻璃布)上的应力很低,这是因为大部分机械应变或应力不在金属薄片上发生,所述金属薄片形成待涂布复合物的部分。以这种方式可使用比迄今为止所加工的玻璃布还要薄的玻璃布。
最后,在印刷电路板生产中加工由本发明方法所获得的纤维增强型树脂涂布铜片(包括非常薄的基板材料)存在显著优势。特定而言,组分层变得更薄且更轻,并且可用激光更快速地钻出微孔,从而导致生产效率得以改良,这是因为在激光钻孔机的相同处理能力下每时间单位可钻出更多的孔。
可通过本发明方法获得特别结构化的表面。相应参数为可由光泽计测定的所谓的光泽值。由本发明方法所获得的表面通常具有小于60、优选小于30且最优选小于20的光泽值(如在60°下由Byk Gardner的光泽计所测量)。
进一步通过下列实例来说明本发明。
实例1(制备涂料粉末)
将380份固体环氧树脂(熔点90-110℃,环氧当量400g/eq)、116份固体多官能环氧树脂(4.3-4.9eq/kg)、160份填充剂(粒度小于8μm)、25份双氰胺(粒度小于6μm)、16份安息香和16份甲基咪唑和12份助流剂(flow agent)(丙烯酸系聚合物)和3份粘着促进粘着剂在预混器中混合,然后挤出(双螺杆挤出机,来自OMC,Saronno,Italy,EBVP 20/24型;温度100℃,负载65%)。在来自Fritsch的碾磨机(pulverisette 14,15000rpm)中进行后续碾磨。通过筛分(小于100μm)分离尺寸过大的材料。50%的粒子具有小于30μm的粒度。
实例2(制备纤维增强型树脂涂布铜片)
将玻璃布滚筒(Hexcel Fabrics,106型,厚度40μm)置于厚度为12μm的铜片的经处理面,且用EMB装置连续以涂料粉末(实例1)涂布组合件。将涂料粉末在NIR烘箱中熔融,以致获得涂料粉末/玻璃布/铜片的光学均匀复合物。可在显微镜下检测到不包括空气。粉末良好地润湿织物和铜箔。
将所述复合物按压在FR4层压板(厚度0.8mm)上。用显微镜检查所述复合物的横截面。借助于SEM与EDX的组合的分析显示无机填充剂粒子在树脂基质中均匀分布,玻璃布从树脂的所有面均匀嵌入。沿宽度为40cm的样品的介电层厚度列于下表中。以这种方式获得的薄片具有小于10的光泽值(如在60°下由Byk Garnder的光泽计所测量)。
位置1 | 位置2 | 位置3 | 位置4 |
64μm | 64μm | 67μm | 66μm |
实例3(制备纤维增强型树脂涂布铜片)
步骤1:向铜片施加涂料粉末薄层
以在施加后于NIR烘箱中立即熔融的涂料粉末连续涂布12μm铜片。以使得在铜片上产生15μm粉末涂层的方式调整EMB装置(传送带速度为5m/min,刷式鼓筒电压为1200V)。选择NIR烘箱的功率以致涂料粉末不完全固化,而是具有30%的相对低的固化度。
步骤2:在步骤1所获得的经涂布铜片上层压玻璃布
因为所施加的涂料粉末未完全固化,所以可能在下一加工步骤中层压经涂布铜片和玻璃布。为达到此目的,在辊式层压机(Soni R 160)中连续加工经涂布薄片和玻璃布(Unitlka,106型)。典型的加工条件为140℃的温度和1-2m/min的传送带速度。选择2.5巴(bar)的层压压力。在这些条件下,涂料粉末再次熔融,且可与铜片和玻璃布紧密结合而不会产生气泡。
步骤3:向步骤2所获得的层压板上施加第二层涂料粉末
在第三步骤中,对铜片、涂料粉末和玻璃布的复合物再涂布一层涂料粉末。可通过视最终复合物的预期用途而相应选择EMB装置参数来改变其厚度。为达到此目的,将步骤2中所获得的滚筒插入EMB装置中,且以在NIR烘箱中再次熔融而未完全固化的涂料粉末连续涂布。
以这种方式所获得的复合物搁置在内核上且施加压力以形成层压板。以这种方式所产生的介电层的总厚度为45μm。
实例4
如实例3所述实施步骤1和3。然而,在步骤2中,以带式层压机(KFK,来自Meyer,Germany)代替辊式层压机。在5m/min的传送带速度、160℃的层压温度和20N/cm2的层压压力下可获得无气泡的复合物。
参考符号列表:
(1):刷式鼓筒
(2):基板鼓筒
(3):混合鼓筒
(4):用于再转移载体粒子的平板
(5):用于调整刷高度的装置
(6):用于退绕基板的滚筒
(7):加热装置
(8):用于经涂布基板的卷绕滚筒
(9):容器
Claims (22)
1.一种用于无溶剂制备纤维增强型树脂涂布薄片的方法,所述方法包括下列步骤:
(i)将涂料粉末施加到选自织布或非织布的基板上,其中所述涂料粉末通过在磁性粒子存在下摩擦而带电,然后借助于流化床或借助于一个或一个以上混合滚筒进行输送或借助于流化床和一个以上混合滚筒进行输,然后借助于电磁刷式鼓筒与带有所述基板的基板滚筒之间的电场传递并施加到所述基板上,
其中所述基板与导电片或放电片紧密接触;
(ii)将所述基板上所获得的粉末涂层熔融并部分固化以制备纤维增强型树脂涂布薄片。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述熔融是通过用红外线(IR)、近红外线(NIR)、热空气、感应和/或微波激发从下方和/或上方照射所述经涂布基板来进行。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述熔融是通过一个或两个加热滚筒来实现。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述熔融是通过加热滚筒和非加热滚筒与照射的组合来实现,从而增加所述薄片与所述基板之间的接触。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于使用由金属、导电聚合物、金属化聚合物、导电玻璃和/或具有导电涂层的玻璃组成的薄片。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于导电聚合物是金属化聚合物。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于所述薄片为铜片。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述基板织布或非织布组成,所述织布或非织布组成包括由玻璃纤维或由选自由芳香族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维和陶瓷纤维组成的群组的高性能纤维组成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于所述高性能纤维选自由芳香族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维和陶瓷纤维组成的群组选自由芳香族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维和陶瓷纤维组成的群组的织布或非织布。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述基板的厚度为10-40μm。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述涂料粉末的尺寸小于100μm。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述载体粒子的尺寸为20-150μm。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述涂料粉末是由下列步骤获得:
(i)混合下列物质:
(a)聚合物粘结剂、,
(b)硬化剂或引发剂,
(c)涂料添加剂,
(ii)熔融挤出在上述步骤(i)中所获得的混合物;和
(iii)碾磨并筛分所挤出的混合物。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于所述聚合物粘结剂是恶嗪树脂、氰酸酯或马来酰亚胺
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的方法,其特征在于所述涂料添加剂是填充剂或增容聚合物。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法其特征在于所述涂料粉末在未经固化时具有至少20℃的玻璃化转变温度,且在经固化时具有至少150℃的玻璃化转变温度。
17.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述经涂布薄片具有通过Byk Gardner光泽计在60°下所测定的小于60的光泽值。
18.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在步骤(i)中,所述基板与所述薄片之间的紧密接触是通过下列步骤来实现:在步骤(i)之前用本身已知的方法将涂料粉末沉积在所述薄片上以获得经粉末涂布的薄片;通过对所述经粉末涂布的薄片施加热来熔融所获得的粉末涂层;将所述基板施加到所述经涂布薄片上以获得三明治样结构;并层压所述三明治样结构以形成包括所述基板和所述薄片的基板层压板。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中以涂料粉末第二次涂布所述三明治样结构,随后进行熔融。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中将所述涂料粉末以3-30μm的厚度沉积在所述薄片上。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中将所述涂料粉末以10-15μm的厚度沉积在所述薄片上。
22.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于所述层压为辊式层压或带式层压。
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TW363901B (en) * | 1994-11-16 | 1999-07-11 | Dsm Ip Assets Bv | Process for coating a substrate with a powder paint composition |
JP3400164B2 (ja) * | 1995-01-23 | 2003-04-28 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 多層プリント配線板およびその製造方法 |
JP3184485B2 (ja) * | 1997-11-06 | 2001-07-09 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 銅張積層板用樹脂組成物、樹脂付き銅箔、多層銅張り積層板および多層プリント配線板 |
TW384299B (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 2000-03-11 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co | Production of prepreg and laminate |
US6140430A (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-10-31 | Morton International Inc. | Powder coating of non-crystalline and crystalline epoxy resins |
JP3851749B2 (ja) * | 1999-12-16 | 2006-11-29 | 日清紡績株式会社 | 樹脂付き金属箔 |
MY142518A (en) * | 2001-01-10 | 2010-12-15 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Dihydrobenzoxazine ring-containing resin, phenolic-triazine-aldehyde condensate and epoxy resin |
MY138485A (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2009-06-30 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Process for producing benzoxazine resin |
JP2004000891A (ja) * | 2002-04-23 | 2004-01-08 | Nippon Parkerizing Co Ltd | 粉体塗布装置及び方法 |
-
2004
- 2004-09-27 DE DE102004046745A patent/DE102004046745B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-09-26 CN CN2005800326043A patent/CN101031609B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-26 EP EP05788558A patent/EP1794217A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-09-26 WO PCT/EP2005/010381 patent/WO2006034830A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-09-26 KR KR1020077008014A patent/KR101318347B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-09-26 JP JP2007532854A patent/JP2008514395A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-09-26 TW TW094133383A patent/TW200626643A/zh unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101031609A (zh) | 2007-09-05 |
DE102004046745A1 (de) | 2006-04-06 |
EP1794217A1 (en) | 2007-06-13 |
DE102004046745B4 (de) | 2008-04-24 |
KR101318347B1 (ko) | 2013-10-16 |
WO2006034830A1 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
TW200626643A (en) | 2006-08-01 |
JP2008514395A (ja) | 2008-05-08 |
KR20070067125A (ko) | 2007-06-27 |
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