CN1010271B - 用于对原件行扫描照明的光学装置 - Google Patents

用于对原件行扫描照明的光学装置

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CN1010271B
CN1010271B CN87103566.9A CN87103566A CN1010271B CN 1010271 B CN1010271 B CN 1010271B CN 87103566 A CN87103566 A CN 87103566A CN 1010271 B CN1010271 B CN 1010271B
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阿克塞尔·格布哈特
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Dr Ing Rudolf Hell GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/024Details of scanning heads ; Means for illuminating the original
    • H04N1/028Details of scanning heads ; Means for illuminating the original for picture information pick-up
    • H04N1/02815Means for illuminating the original, not specific to a particular type of pick-up head
    • H04N1/0282Using a single or a few point light sources, e.g. a laser diode
    • H04N1/02835Using a single or a few point light sources, e.g. a laser diode in combination with a light guide, e.g. optical fibre, glass plate
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/007Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements the movable or deformable optical element controlling the colour, i.e. a spectral characteristic, of the light
    • G02B26/008Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements the movable or deformable optical element controlling the colour, i.e. a spectral characteristic, of the light in the form of devices for effecting sequential colour changes, e.g. colour wheels
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/02Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light
    • G02B26/023Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light comprising movable attenuating elements, e.g. neutral density filters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/024Details of scanning heads ; Means for illuminating the original
    • H04N1/028Details of scanning heads ; Means for illuminating the original for picture information pick-up
    • H04N1/02815Means for illuminating the original, not specific to a particular type of pick-up head
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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    • H04N1/46Colour picture communication systems
    • H04N1/48Picture signal generators
    • H04N1/482Picture signal generators using the same detector device sequentially for different colour components
    • H04N1/484Picture signal generators using the same detector device sequentially for different colour components with sequential colour illumination of the original
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S10/00Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect
    • F21S10/007Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect using rotating transparent or colored disks, e.g. gobo wheels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S10/00Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect
    • F21S10/02Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect changing colors

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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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  • Facsimile Scanning Arrangements (AREA)
  • Facsimile Heads (AREA)
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  • Testing Of Coins (AREA)
  • Light Sources And Details Of Projection-Printing Devices (AREA)
  • Color Image Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

复照技术中行扫描彩色原件的光电装置。用多个光电二极管作为光源的光电转换器,光源的光通量到达具有多个滤光片的滤光片轮,将光分成多种颜色,光导纤维横截面输出端为一线状光带,其与需扫描行相适应,有一白色点光源,其光通量经聚光镜投射于滤光片轮,光导纤维横截面变换器输入端的形状与射在其上的光束截面形状相匹配,从线状纤维端出来的发散光通量中至少设置一个大于线状纤维端的柱面透镜,其将发散光通量变成线状光带,照明原件的扫描行。

Description

本发明是涉及复照技术的一种行扫描彩色原件的光电装置。光电装置的光经滤光片轮,到达光导纤维横截面变换器,光导纤维横截面变换器输出端为线状光带,线状光带与扫描的行相当,同时滤光片轮具有将光源的光分色的单色滤光片组,例如:红、绿、蓝。
在现代复照技术中常常用荧光灯作为扫描原件的线状光源。此外,扫描原件时,与电荷耦合器件线阵在前进方向上的运动相结合,用一面照明装置。
这些照明装置的缺点是光学效率低,不利于用彩色光对原件按行方式照明。
美国专利4,490,740描述一种对放在固定的原件台上的原件进行多色扫描的装置。该装置具有一个产生多色扫描光的旋转滤光片轮,经滤光片轮的光,用一光导纤维横截面变换器转换成线状光带,投射在原件上。从原件反射的光经一转向镜和光学件到达线阵光电二极管,照明部件(滤光片轮和横截面变换器)及由转向镜,光学件和线阵光电二极管组成的光接收部件都装在原件台下,沿着原件运动而扫描原件。该装置的缺点是因光导纤维横截面变换器在运动时会弯曲,致使其光学传递性能变坏,并且在整个运动过程中产生整个光强分布的不均匀性及振动,致使图象质量变坏。
该装置还存在的缺点是光学效率低,光导纤维变换器输出端光带的光强分布不均匀。因光学效率低导致单个光导输出端光的差异。不同的光强分布决定于单根光导纤维不同的性能,导致复照时产生条纹。由于光导纤维变换器的运动,光强分布还会产生附加的变化,更使象质变坏。
本发明的目的是为电荷耦合器件彩色扫描设计一种照明装置(光带),该装置在整个可见光谱区有高的照明强度,并均匀地照明原件。此外,从彩色原件可得色值正确的黑白显象。
该目的是由权利要求1和4的特征部分来达到的。
一种行扫描复照技术中对彩色原件行扫描的光电装置,用多个光电二极管作为一个光源的光电转换器,光源的光通量到达滤光片轮上,滤光片轮具有多个滤光片,将光分色成为多种颜色,在纤维光学横截面变换器输出端组成一线状光带,线状光带与需扫描行相适应,其特征在于,有一白色点光源,其光通量经聚光镜投射于滤光片轮;光导纤维横截面变换器的输入端形状与射在其上的光束截面形状相匹配;从线状纤维端出来的发散光通量中至少设置一个大于线状纤维端的柱面透镜,经柱面透镜将发散光通量变成线状光带,对准需扫描的原件,照明原件的扫描行;用一厚透镜作为物镜,将从原件反射或透射的光投射于对准扫描行的线阵光电二极管上。其中滤光片轮是旋转的。另一个最佳实施例,经设置在多个光电二极管上并集成的滤光片将光分成几色。本发明的其它优选的实施例作为从属权利要求3至10提出。本发明将参照附图1至6,在下面作详细说明。
图1a,用线阵电荷耦合器对原件进行行扫描的扫描装置剖面图。
图1b是图1a扫描装置的顶视图,
图1c和1d是本发明扫描装置的另一实施例。
图2是扫描装置的灯箱剖面图,
图3a和3b表示扫描装置的滤色片轮,
图4a和4b表示二级成象透射照明的光路,
图5a和5b表示扫描装置光路的另一实施例,
图6表示红、黄、兰及人眼V(λ)光谱灵敏度曲线。
图4a和1b的扫描装置(也称扫描器)具有用于安放透射和反射原件(2),并在进给方向运动的平面原件台(1)。
如图1a所示,宽约1毫米的光带(3)照明需扫描的原件(2),靠物镜(4)成象于线阵电荷耦合器件(5)。图1b为图1a的顶视图。
图1c和1d表示用卤素灯(1a)作为产生光带(3)的光源,及横截面变换器(5a)。
卤素灯(1a),例如OSRAM12伏-50瓦,产生白光。聚光系统(2a)将灯丝象聚焦于滤光片轮(10a、3a)上,其有产生原色红绿蓝的干涉滤光片或相应的滤色片。将灯丝成象于滤光片上是特别有益的,因为滤光片轮能达到较高效率。光被透镜(4a)准直投射到横截面变换器(5a)(圆/线)的圆截面上。此外,由于光导纤维横截面变换器的λ射横截面的匹配,又进一步改善了效率。横截面变换器(5a)呈线状的纤维端,借助于柱面镜(6a)(PMMA)使光投射于需要照明的原件(7a)上,就产生线状光带,由于滤光片轮实现了用原色周期性地对原件照明,如图4a所示,所以可用于投射和透射照明。
光源可用氙灯,还可用可调谱的声光滤光器代替滤光片轮,都属于本发明的变换形式。
如图1a至1d的扫描装置高分辨率的探测器,现今使用一维线阵电荷耦合器件是有利的。一维线阵电荷耦合器件可提供直至5000像素长。二维面阵电荷耦合器件可适用于电视标准,(例如:Fairchild    CCD    211    488×380像素。)
如已提到的照明装置中最好配置一个光导纤维横截面变换器,由此从一点光源(卤素灯,氙灯) 发出的光能产生一线状光带。点光源的光可简单地用彩色滤光片周期性地变换。用这种方式扫描彩色图像只要用一个线阵电荷耦合器件就足够了。线状照明比面状照明的光学效率高很多。比面状照明改善了信号噪声比(杂散光影响),校正了像的不同位置的照明不均匀性,例如边缘照明损失,扫描物镜的渐晕都比两维装置减少。
如图2所示照明装置由光源(6)的灯箱,聚光系统(7、8),红外滤光片(9),彩色滤光片轮(10)以及将光投射到横截面变换器(15)输入端的准直透镜(11)组成,横截面变换器的输入端截面与光束(14)的直径相匹配。
为了充分利用光源,灯箱结构为镜面对称于光源(6),可同时照明两光导纤维横截面变换器(15)。
聚光镜(7、8)的孔径数S为1,成像于滤光片的中间像(13)约为灯丝的3倍。准直透镜(11)将光束准直,使光束(14)具有均匀亮度,其外圆刚超过横截面的入射端。
横截面变换器入射面(12)可有不同大小,随行扫描长度(投射/透射)而定。通过选择准直透镜(11)的焦距,可使光束直径(14)与横截面变换器直径相匹配。
图3a和3b所示彩色滤光片轮(10)由除滤光片框外形三个120°扇形组成。滤光片轮扇形包括二向色性滤光片(22)-红、绿、蓝-以及附加上使所有光谱灵敏度与已知扫描曲线匹配的彩色玻璃(23),在红、绿、蓝滤光片轮(10)处可用V(λ)滤光片代替,使彩色显示的色调正确。其V(λ)曲线见将在后面说明的图6。
在图1a中,原件可被投射照明,也可被透射照明。透射照明用两横截面变换器实现,其纤维输出端(16、17)的光经柱面透镜(18、19)照明原件。
在投射照明时,柱面透镜的光路是对称的,意思是:其光导纤维输出端1比1成像于原件上。柱面透镜的焦距最好为f=10毫米。横截面变换器用烯酸酯纤维组成,纤维直径为0.75毫米,形成的光带宽约为1毫米。
在透射照明时,透射照明光路(20、21、图1a)也是对称的,但只用一个横截面变换器。
图4a和4b为本发明用两级成像透射照明的另一种选用的实施例。为了减少扫描行有害的亮度不均匀性,线阵纤维(20)最好首先用柱面透镜(21),将其成像于漫射片(24)上,最好再用柱面透镜(25)将漫射片上的像成像于原件上。
图5a和5b为本发明用场镜的另一有优点的实施例。在大的像场角时,由于扫描物镜的渐晕和照明的原因,在像边缘的像亮度下降,用一场镜,即菲涅尔柱面透镜(26)可补偿像边缘的亮度下降。
用图5a所示光路,以光导(20)出射的光束(27)作为例子清楚地表示该作用。光束(27)中单束光线(28)在漫射片(24)处漫射出一束二次光束(29)。该光束经柱面透镜(25)聚焦于原件(2)上,同时经菲涅尔柱面透镜(26)折射至扫描物镜(4)的光瞳处。若无菲涅尔透镜(26),单束光线不进入扫描物镜光瞳,因此在像边缘的象亮度就会降低。此外还能看到,从每根光导出射的光至原件,在被照明的行中范围较宽,在原件处相互搭接,光导的数量较大,亮度均匀,使需扫描行内得到均匀照明。
图6表示从白光光源获得红、绿、蓝各部分光谱的滤光片曲线S(λ)。
这里,根据本发明滤光片曲线,采用与线阵电荷耦合器件灵敏度曲线匹配。红、绿、蓝滤光片,在彩色扫描时通常用二向色性滤光片,用来校正与其平行安放的彩色玻璃的滤光片曲线。为了将红、绿、蓝的幅度校正至同样高,还要按需要平行安放中性滤光片,通常为灰玻璃片。
在对彩色原件作黑白显示时,可在彩色滤光片处改放一个与眼睛灵敏度特性相当的滤光片。其曲线也称V(λ)曲线,如图6所示。该滤光片曲线分布成在黑白显示时取得正确的色调值。
本发明扫描装置最大优点是,只需要一个线阵电荷耦合器件就足够了,也不需要运动;除滤光片轮外,其它光学元件不需要运动。此外,该装置能得到特别均匀的线照明,乃至在行边缘也能有较高的光输出,即功率高。用一个装置就能作彩色和黑白显示,投射和透射扫描较大的原件。不言而喻,在该装置中的这些功能,假如一个装置仅需要作扫描或显示也能分别实现。在制造中的优点是,同样光学部件可用于不同目的。
与此相关的一个本发明的另一种类型也是有意义的,即在厚透镜作为物镜处,用一与线阵光电二极管连接的GRIN纤维光学件,线阵光电二极管长度为扫描行长度。GRIN纤维光学件如同在杂志photo-nicsspectra1982年11月第59至62页所述。用了该 部件的扫描装置装置结构格外紧凑。
采用在白光照明时已分色的线阵光电二极管,可省掉滤光片轮。用线阵光电二极管时,每个像素配置多个光电二极管,因前置了相应的二向色性滤光片,光电二极管可提供所希望的彩色信号。

Claims (8)

1、复照技术中行扫描彩色原件用的一种光电扫描装置,采用线阵光电二极管作为光电变换器接收从彩色原件透射或反射的光,该装置由下列各部分组成:一光源;分色滤光器,构成可转动的滤光片轮的形式;一光导纤维横截面变换器,位于光源与彩色原件之间,其输出平面朝向彩色原件,其光导纤维在输出平面上排成一直线;和一物镜,在线阵光电二极管的前面;其中:
所述光源是一白色点光源(1a);
在所述白色点光源(1a)后面设有一聚光系统(2a),该白色点光源(1a)的光流经聚光系统(2a)投射到滤光片轮(3a)上;其特征在于:
在所述滤光片轮(3a)与光导纤维横截面变换器(5a)的输入平面之间配置有一准直系统(4a),光流的横截面借助于该准直系统(4a)与所述光导纤维横截面变换器(5a)输入平面的横截面相匹配;
在所述光导纤维横截面变换器(5a)的输出平面与彩色原件之间配置有至少一个柱面透镜(6a),横切直线光导纤维的整个长度而在光导纤维横截面变换器(5a)的输出平面上延伸,从输出平面散射出来的光流借助于光导纤维横截面变换器(5a)变换成线状光带,供行扫描彩色原件之用;
物镜采用厚透镜(4)的形式,来自彩色原件的光借助于厚透镜(4)聚焦到线阵光电二极管(5)上。
2、复照技术中行扫描彩色原件用的一种光电扫描装置,采用线阵光电二极管作为光电变换器接收从彩色原件透射或反射的光,该装置由下列各部分组成:一光源;分色滤光器;一光导纤维横截面变换器,位于光源与彩色原件之间,其输出平面朝向彩色原件,其光导纤维在输出平面上排成一直线;和一物镜;其中:
所述光源是一白色点光源(1a);
在所述白色点光源(1a)后面设有一聚光系统(2a),该白色点光源(1a)的光流借助于聚光系统(2a)聚成光束;其特征在于:
在所述聚光系统(2a)与光导纤维横截面变换器(5a)之间配置有一准直系统(4a),光流的横截面借助于该准直系统(4a)与所述光导纤维横截面变换器(5a)输入平面的横截面相匹配;
在所述光导纤维横截面变换器(5a)的输出平面与彩色原件之间配置有至少一个柱面透镜(6a),横切直线光导纤维的整个长度而在光导纤维横截面变换器(5a)的输出平面上延伸,从输出平面散射出来的光流借助于光导纤维横截面变换器(5a)变换成线状光带,供行扫描彩色原件之用;
在线阵光电二极管(5)前面,直接设置分色滤光片,或使其与线阵光电二极管(5)构成一整体;
物镜采用厚透镜(4)的形式,来自彩色原件的光借助于厚透镜(4)聚焦到分色滤光片上。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的光电扫描装置,其特征在于,为将原件复印成黑/白复印件,配备了一个具有V(λ)特性的滤光片。
4、根据权利要求1或2所述的光电扫描装置,其特征在于,为了投射扫描彩色原件,配备了两个照射装置,其光轴分别调节成与扫描行成45度角。
5、根据权利要求1或2所述的光电扫描装置,其特征在于,为了透射扫描彩色原件,在柱面透镜与彩色原件之间配置了一个带状漫射片和另一个柱面透镜。
6、根据权利要求5所述的光电扫描装置,其特征在于,在所述漫射片与第二个柱面透镜之间配置一菲涅耳透镜。
7、根据权利要求1所述的光电扫描装置,其特征在于,滤光片轮的分色滤光器分别由一个分色滤光片、一个或多个有色玻璃和必要时一个中性滤光片组成,其中分色滤光器被调节成使得原件为白色或透明原件时,在线阵光电二极管获得的彩色信号在三色通道中具有相同的信号幅值。
8、根据权利要求1或2所述的光电扫描装置,其特征在于,所述线阵光电二极管显示扫描行的长度,且采用一GBIN光导纤维代替所述厚透镜(4)。
CN87103566.9A 1986-05-02 1987-05-02 用于对原件行扫描照明的光学装置 Expired CN1010271B (zh)

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