CN1008062B - 制备改进的抗炎药炎痛喜康盐类的方法 - Google Patents

制备改进的抗炎药炎痛喜康盐类的方法

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CN1008062B
CN1008062B CN85107498A CN85107498A CN1008062B CN 1008062 B CN1008062 B CN 1008062B CN 85107498 A CN85107498 A CN 85107498A CN 85107498 A CN85107498 A CN 85107498A CN 1008062 B CN1008062 B CN 1008062B
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约瑟夫·乔治·隆巴尔迪诺
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Abstract

已改进的炎痛喜康(Piroxicam)盐类抗炎药的制备方法。这些盐类含有抗忧郁药多虑平(doxepin),支气管扩张药吡丁醇(pirbuterol)或异丙肾上腺素(isopoterenol),H2-拮抗药抑制剂2-胍基-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑,吡哆素—一种复合维生素B6,或抗高血压的屈米松森(trimazosin)。

Description

本发明涉及改进的处理炎症的炎痛喜康盐,这些盐由炎痛喜康和以下各物以1∶1摩尔比组成:抗抑郁药多虑平;支气管扩张药吡丁醇或异丙肾上腺素;组织胺-H2对抗剂2-胍基-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)-噻唑;吡哆醇或复合维生素B族中之一的如吡哆醛或吡哆胺;抗高血压剂屈米松森(trimazosin)或结构上有关的抗高血压剂。本文所用通名均自USAN和“the USP Dictionary of Drag Names,1961-1981,Griffinths et al.ed.,U.S.Pharmacopoeial Convention Inc.,Rockville,Md.,1984(被指定为正式USAN名)和/或Merck Index第10版。
胃肠的刺激(包括十二指肠溃疡)一般是与抗炎药有关的不同程度的一种付作用。在许多病例中,需要做抗炎治疗的人,由于对上述付作用的易感性而不能从治疗中得到裨益。此文所述的炎痛喜康盐和上述其它药结合使用可以得到满意的治疗,同时也预防或改善了上述的胃肠刺激或十二指肠的溃疡。
支气管扩张药舒喘灵(salbutamol)(albuterol),新福林和异丙肾上腺素(但不是心得安propranolo)据报道能阻止消炎痛在动物体内引起十二指溃疡[菲尔丁等人(Fidlding),欧洲外科学研究(Eur.Surg.Res.)9,252(1977);Kasuya等人,东京药理学杂志(Japan    J.Pharmacol)29,670(1979)]。在另一项研究中的切开并缝合好的胃底腔给以异丙肾上腺素,减少或阻止了阿斯匹林引起的组织损伤[麦格里维(Mcgreevy)等人,外科论坛(Surg,Forum)28,375(1977)]。在以前的报道中还从没有过有关 支气管扩张药吡丁醇在抗炎药上的效应。
抗抑郁药多虑平也已报道有抗胃分泌的活性,并且在治疗人的十二指肠溃疡与甲氰咪胍(cimetidine)一样有效[霍福(Hoff)等人,医药研究期刊第6卷(Curr.Med.Res.Opin.Vol.6),增刊9,36页(1980);斯堪的纳维胃肠病学杂志(Scand    J.Gastroent)16,1041(1981)]。多虑平在大鼠和狗体内显示出抗溃疡和抑制分泌的活性也有报道,它有效地减低了消炎痛双氯灭酸(dielofence)和阿斯匹林在大鼠水浸湿应激反应中所造成的潜在的溃疡[利托德(Lietold)等人,药理学文献(Arch    Pharmacol)316(增刊),R50,摘要199(1981);利托德等人,溃疡实验进展(Advances    in    Experimental    Ulcer),Umehara和Ito,编者,ICEU,东京,27-36页(1982);药物研究(Arzneim-Forsch/Drug.Res,34,468(1984)]。
组胺-H2对抗剂(抗胃酸分泌,抗溃疡)比如呋喃硝胺(ranitidine)、甲氰咪胍和1-甲基-5-{[3-(3-(1-哌啶甲基)苯甲基]丙基氨]}-1-氢-1,2,4-三唑-3-甲醇已经先与消炎痛、炎痛喜康和其它的抗炎药在体内结合以减少于胃的刺激。例如,参考英国专利申请2,105,193和2,105,588;拉夫丽丝(Lovelace)美国专利4,230,717。
还没有有关使用抗高血压药在减低由非甾体类抗炎药引起的胃的付作用的文献报道。比如屈米松森,或维生素诸如吡哆醇类的或一种弱安定药安定。
由Crawford等共同提交的申请No.[DPC(6847)](中国专利申请号85107482)描述了炎痛喜康(或药物上可接受的盐)同多虑平、屈米松森、吡哆醇或吡丁醇(或它们的药物上可接受的盐)的任何一种在已改进了的抗炎组合物和方法上的组合。由Lamattina共同提交的申请No.[DPC    6826](中国专利申请号85107521)描述了炎痛喜康盐同2-胍基-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑的结合。
此发明涉及上所限定的改进了的抗炎药炎痛喜康盐类和用抗炎量的 所说的炎痛喜康盐进行炎症处理的改进方法。
此发明中抗炎成份-炎痛喜康是已知的。例如,1983年第10版的默克索引炎痛喜康专论(No.7378),医师工作参考手册(PDR),第38版,1556-1557页(1984)。炎痛喜康的乙醇胺盐在美国专利4,434,164已被公布。
此发明中的其它抗炎盐也是已经知道的化合物。多虑平是一种抗抑郁药,以其盐酸盐的形式出售(默克索引第10版,专题No.3434;医师工作参考手册第38版,1688-1689页)。异丙肾上腺素是一种已知的支气管抗张药(默克索引第10版,专题No.5065;医师工作参考手册第38版,715-718页。吡丁醇是一种以其二氢氯酸盐和单乙酸盐的形式出售的支气管扩张药。(参看默克索引第10版,专题No.7364。其早期的合成和作为支气管扩张药的应用公布在美国专利3,700,681;3,763,173;3,772,314和3,786,160。另一改进的合成方法公开于美国专利3,948,919;4,001,231和4,031,108;卢森堡专利79564;欧洲专利申请书58069,58070,58071和58972中。最近,已经发现吡丁醇治疗充血性心力衰竭的效用(美国专利4,175,128)。屈米松森(默克索引第10版,专题No.9506)是一种抗高血压药,已经或即将以其盐酸盐的形式在世界范围内出售。它的结构式与哌唑嗪(Prazosin)较接近。吡哆醇则以盐酸盐的形式出售,是复合维生素B的一种(参看默克索引第10版,专题No.7882)。
本发明的改进的盐作为改进了的抗炎药的临床价值,由适当的动物研究中反映出来。一般,抗炎活性是用标准的角叉菜胶诱发的大鼠脚水肿试验测定的[C.A.温特(Winter)等人,生物学实验会报(Proc,Soc.Exp.Biol.)1.11,544页(1962)]。在这项试验中,抗炎活性是在给雄的患白化病的大鼠(一般重150-190g)的跖底部注射角叉菜胶后作为阻止大鼠后爪水肿形成而测定的。口服药1小时后,注射1%的角叉菜胶水悬液(0.05ml)。测定注射时和注射3小时后的爪体积以估计水肿的形成。 角叉菜胶注射后3小时的体积增加构成其个体反应,如果与标准化合物如乙酰水杨酸(100毫克/公斤)或保泰松(33毫克/公斤)所得的结果比较,药物处理的动物(每组6只大鼠)和对照组(即动物只给赋形剂)之间的反映被认为是有意义的话,则化合物即具有活性(二者均口服给药)。本发明中的盐的抗炎活性一般是与每个盐中的炎痛喜康的含量一致的。
这些盐有预防风湿性关节炎的临床活性,这可以从它们能预防佐剂诱发的大鼠关节炎的效能上表现出来。在这项试验中,佐剂关节炎典型地被诱发出来,在每只重250-270g的成年威斯塔-刘易斯(Wistar-Lewis)雄鼠(查尔斯.瑞瓦Charles    River饲养实验室,金斯敦,纽约)一只脚跖上注射1mg在0.1ml矿物油中悬浮的乳酸分枝杆菌(狄福克Difco实验室,Lot#0640-33),这就象由沃尔兹(Walz)等人所描述的那样(生物医学科学实验会报Proc.Soc.Exptl.Biol.Med.136:907-910,1971)。每一组实验用7只大鼠。上述的盐通常在pH近中性的水溶液中给药口服,如有必要可用稀盐酸(HCl)或稀氢氧化钠(NaOH)中和溶液至中性。通常用一只粗短的、18号插管多次给药,药量为10ml/kg体重。自佐剂注射前一天至关节炎诱发后16天多次连续给药。在佐剂注射的当天测量动物的初始爪体积(Vi),接着在佐剂注射的第4天确定爪的肿胀(Vf-Vi),这可被认为是初期的反应或损害。佐剂注射16天后测定对侧(即未注射后爪)的肿胀,即为次级反应或损害。在开始试验时和诱发动物患病后4天和16天时称大鼠体重。动物水肿的抑制百分率按如下公式计算:
水肿抑制率=1-〔 (Vf给药组-Vi给药组)/(Vf对照组-Vi对照组) 〕×100
在这些试验中,盐的活性至少相当于所含的炎痛喜康的活性。
此申请的盐的已改进的性质主要在对诱发的胃刺激减低的能力再一 次由大鼠试验得到证明。盐的一般剂量水平要能提供炎痛喜康100毫克/公斤的等摩尔当量,以每个盐中计算的炎痛喜康量为基础。此高水平炎痛喜康和它的非医药的药物上可接受的盐将诱导一定程度的胃损害。
一般是将140-160克的“无特定病源体”的CD种(Spraque-Dawley)雄性大鼠(Charles    River饲养实验场提供)(Kington,N.Y.)适应环境约一星期,当体重达200-250克时进行试验,禁食16小时并把平均体重标准化了的7-20只大鼠随意分成几组,一次口服给药诱发胃溃疡,所用药为约100毫克/公斤炎痛喜康等当量的盐溶于或悬浮于2毫升含0.1%的甲基纤维素的水中。6.5小时后,用颈椎脱位处死动物并进行解剖。将胃取出,沿着胃大弯解剖,并用冷水轻轻冲洗,动物的胃分别都既有线状的又有点状的损害,损害的全部数量用于统计目的。将每组大鼠得到的数据进行分析,此游离酸或其药物上可接受的非医药盐的形式与对照组比较,基于等当量的炎痛喜康含量,此发明所申请的盐对炎痛喜康而言给我们提供了一种减低胃损害水平的药。例如,一接受剂量为120mg/kg的氨基乙醇盐的对照组的20只动物,显示出每只大鼠的胃损害平均值为9.0±1.0;第二组接受了200mg/kg的2-胍基-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑的炎痛喜康盐的动物,显示出每只大鼠胃的平均损害值仅为2.5±0.7。
此发明要应用起来是不难的。炎痛喜康盐的剂量范围相当于0.1-1mg炎痛喜康/kg/日。第二种药剂自然是要等当量的,0.1-1mg炎痛喜康相应于:
0.084-0.84mg多虑平;
0.073-0.73mg吡丁醇;
0.064-0.64mg异丙肾上腺素;
0.067-0.67mg2-胍基-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑;
0.131-1.31mg屈米松森;或
0.048-0.48mg吡哆醇;
它们反应在各自的分子量比。
优先选的口服盐的剂量一般为每个成年病人每天服用等当量于游离态炎痛喜康5-50mg。因此,第二药剂摩尔量如下:
4.2-42mg/天多虑平;
3.62-36.2mg/天吡丁醇;
3.19-31.9mg/天2-胍基-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑;
6.57-65.7mg/天屈米松森;或
2.55-25.5mg/天吡哆醇;
第二药剂的量一般来讲足以抑制肠胃的付作用,这种付作用可以在对这种付作用敏感的病人身上被炎痛喜康诱发出来。
本发明的盐可单独服用或进一步与药物上可接受的载体或稀释结合服用。用于口服,合适的药用载体包括惰性的稀释剂或填充剂,由此形成片剂、粉剂、胶囊等的剂量形式。若需要,可使这些药物的构成中含有一些附加的成份,比如香味剂、粘合剂、赋形剂和同类的物质。因而用于口服的片剂含有各种各样的赋形剂,如使用枸橼酸钠,同时还有各种各样的崩解剂,如淀粉,藻酸和某些复杂的硅酸盐,还有粘合剂,如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,蔗糖、明胶和阿拉伯胶。另外,滑润剂在制片剂时是常常有用的,如:硬脂酸镁、硫酸月桂酯钠和滑石粉。也可使用相似类型的固体成份,象软的和硬的明胶充填胶囊。优先选择的材料包括乳糖和高分子的聚乙二醇(PEG)。
本发明用下面的例子加以说明。但,必须清楚,本发明并不限于下述的几个具体例子。
实施例1
1∶1的炎痛喜康、多虑平盐
在氮保护下,将炎痛喜康(1.66克,0.005摩尔)部分溶于60ml的甲 醇(CH3OH),加入多虑平(1.40克、0.005摩尔)于40ml甲醇中的溶液,在1分钟内,所得溶液为一透明的溶液。将此混合物搅拌15分钟,然后在真空下蒸发至干,得到自由流动的标题产物2.58克,呈黄色粉末状,将其从容器中取出,在真空下45℃干燥;熔点115-117℃;IR(KBr)包括一个2.93微米的酰胺N+H峰,3.3微米的NH峰(炎痛喜康和多虑平物理混合物无此峰),6.05微米的酰胺羰基,7.55微米和8.55微米的SO2
C34H34O5N4S的分析计算结果:
计算值:C,66.87;H,5.61;N,9.17
实验值:C,66.84;H,5.67;N,9.10
实施例2
1∶1的炎痛喜康、吡哆醇盐
将吡哆醇(0.846克,0.005克分子)溶于100ml的甲醇液中。将炎痛喜康(1.66克,0.005克分子)溶于100ml的二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2)中,并加入吡哆醇液。将此溶液在真空下蒸发,以P2O5干燥,得到标题产物2.15克;熔点178℃(分解);红外光谱显示出几个比较尖锐的峰,与1∶1的吡哆醇和炎痛喜康物理混合物的峰不同。
C22H24O7N4S的分析计算结果:
计算值:C,55.19;H,4.83;N,11.19
实验值:C,55.01;H,4.54;N,11.48
实施例3
1∶1的炎痛喜康、2-胍基-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑盐
将炎痛喜康(0.994克,0.003摩尔)悬浮于20ml甲醇液,加入2-胍基-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑(0.667克,0.003克分子)于25ml的甲醇液中,将此悬浮液搅拌75分钟,仍为没有明显变化的悬浮液。将此混合物加热回流10分钟,在2分钟内出现一透明的溶液,将混合物冷至室温,过滤澄清(弃去120毫克白色固体),将母液蒸馏,在真空下干燥得到标 题产物1.30克,为自由流动的粉末。将其从烧瓶中取出后在45℃下高真空干燥;熔点182℃(分解);红外光谱包括一个广泛的光谱吸收带2.90-4.3微米,(多重NH峰加水);5.87微米(酰胺羰基);7.52和8.55微米(二氧化硫)。
C22H23O4N9S2·0.75H2O的分析计算结果:
计算值:C,48.71;H,4.35;N,22.22
实验值:C,48.53;H,4.38;N,22.47
实施例4
1∶1的炎痛喜康、吡丁醇盐
在氮保护下,将吡丁醇(2.25克,0.0096摩尔)在25ml甲醇中的澄清液加入炎痛喜康(3.17克,0.0096摩尔)在50ml甲醇的悬浮液中,形成一近乎透明的溶液,搅拌20分钟后,过滤澄清并在真空条件下蒸发至干,将其从烧瓶中取出后,在真空条件下,以五氧化二磷在干燥器中干燥20个小时,得到5.52克标题产物;熔点98℃(分解)。将这种物质的一小部分经58℃高真空干燥16小时,熔点122℃(分解)。
C27H33O7N5S·H2O的分析计算结果:
计算值:C,55.00;H,5.98;N,11.87
实验值:C,54.66;H,5.92;N,11.74
将上述物质的大部分(5.20克)在73℃、高真空下干燥66小时至4.90克。IR(KBr)包括2.75-4.2微米(NH+ 2),6.12微米(酰胺羰基),7.58-8.55微米(二氧化硫)。
C27H33O7N5S·H2O的分析计算结果:
计算值:C,55.00;H,5.98;N,11.87
实验值:C,55.25;H,5.63;N,11.97
用5ml,乙酸乙酯将烧瓶中残留物制成淤浆,,将其过滤,在73℃高真空干燥66小时,又得到0.27克产物。
在每一例中,产物都是自由流动的易于处理的粉末。
实施例5
1∶1的炎痛喜康、异丙肾上腺素盐
在氮保护下,将炎痛喜康(3.86克,0.0116摩尔)用50ml甲醇制成淤浆,将异丙肾上腺素(2.46克,0.0116摩尔)部分溶于100ml甲醇,将此淤浆加入炎痛喜康淤浆中。搅拌20分钟后,得到透明的溶液,将此溶液蒸发至干,得到自由流动、易于处理的粉状标题产物6.20克。将其从烧瓶中取出后,在高真空干燥66小时,熔点108℃(分解);IR(KBr)7.55和8.57微米(二氧化硫)。
C26H30O7N4S·2H2O的分析计算结果:
计算值:C,53.97;H,5.92;N,9.68
实验值:C,54.22;H,5.30;N,9.80
实施例6
1∶1的炎痛喜康、屈米松森盐
将屈米松森(游离碱,4.70克,0.01摩尔)悬浮于20ml甲醇液,并加入炎痛喜康(3.31克,0.01克分子)于100ml甲醇的悬浮液中。在搅拌时,溶液变为淡黄色并出现部分溶液。1小时后,使其加温到65℃,同时搅拌30分钟。将产生的透明溶液冷至室温,过滤,澄清,弃去微量不溶的物质、在真空下蒸发为固体,用五氧化二磷在65℃下干燥;得到6.84克(89%)产物;熔点162-164℃。
C35H42O10N8S的分析计算结果:
计算值:C,54.82;H,5.52;N,14.61
实验值:C,54.54;H,5.37;N,14.55
制剂1
多虑平
将多虑平氢氯酸盐(10克、0.032摩尔)溶于50ml水中,边搅动边 加入悬浮在25ml水中的碳酸氢钠(3.2克,0.038摩尔),将此混合物搅拌20分钟,然后用3×50ml的乙醚提取,合并乙醚提取液,干燥(硫酸钠),并在真空条件下蒸发得到油状的多虑平8.33克。
制剂2
吡丁醇
在氮保护下,将吡丁醇二氢氯酸盐3.0克,0.0096摩尔)溶于100ml甲醇液中。滴加氢氧化钾(85%,1.3克,0.0197克分子)于30ml甲醇中的溶液,历时10分钟。搅拌30分钟后,将沉淀出的氯化钾(1.25克)过滤除去,将母体蒸发至出现白色泡沫,(2.56克)。将后者溶在20ml    1∶1的丙酮∶甲醇液中,并静置18小时。过滤后得到额外的氯化钾(0.09克)、母液在真空条件下蒸发,得到标题产物2.35克。
制剂3
异丙肾上腺素
用前面的制剂方法,将异丙肾上腺素氢氯酸盐转变成为异丙肾上腺素,2.46克。
制剂4
2-胍基-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑二氢溴酸盐
方法A
将2-胍基-4-乙酰咪唑(4.00克,0.0322摩尔,美国专利4,374,843)溶于48%的溴化氢液中(40ml,0.351摩尔),溶液温度升至33℃,将此溶液加热至50℃,滴加溴(1.65ml,5.15克,0.0322摩尔)于5ml48%的溴化氢的溶液,历时17分钟,需要时,外部加热以保持温度。将搅拌的混合物加热1.5小时至65℃、冷却并脱色至一奶油色淤浆,此混合物中用2×20ml的水处理(这时固体溶解并恢复为一粘稠的淤浆)。不需分离中间产物间-2-胍基-4-(溴乙酰)-咪唑,加入绝对乙醇(29.2ml),然后加入N-脒硫脲(3.81克,0.0322摩尔),将淤浆加热回流2小时,在这 段时间里,沉淀出大量的标题产物(用小量的乙醇洗涤,并在真空条件下35℃干燥)10.12克(得率79%,二次合并得率),薄层分析Rf(0.75)相同(乙醇∶浓NH4OH=19∶1),熔点300℃(分解)。
C8H10N6S 2HBr.0.5H2O的分析计算结果:
计算值:C,24.44;H,3.33;N,21.38%
实验值:C,24.20;H,3.18;N,21.43%
方法B
按方法B溴化2-甲基-4-乙酰基咪唑(4.00克,0.0322摩尔),但以3.67ml(0.0322摩尔)48%HBr和4ml乙酸代替48%HBr并滴加Br2(1.65ml)于4ml乙酸代替48%HBr。加热1.5小时后(不需冷却、脱色和用水处理)即加入N-脒硫脲(3.81克)。反应放热,温度由67℃上升至77℃。将所得溶液加热至80℃1小时,此间标题产物开始大量沉淀。按方法A回收标题产物9.34克(得率73%,二次合并得率),与方法A所得到的产物相同。
方法C
将2-甲基-4-乙酰基咪唑(7.36克,0.059摩尔)加入48%HBr(16.9ml)以形成清彻的黄色溶液。将反应温度升至45℃,滴加Br2(3.0ml,0.059摩尔)于48%HBr(3.3ml)中的溶液。在滴加和加热的过程中可见瞬时即逝的沉淀。在45℃下搅拌18小时后,将反应混合物冷至30℃,用22ml绝对乙醇稀释,加入N-脒硫脲(7.0克)。所得到的淤浆几乎澄清。将固体用刮刀压碎,所得到的易流动的淤浆在55℃下搅拌2小时,然后冷至10℃,过滤回收标题产物,用2×5ml绝对乙醇洗涤,得到产物20.3克(86%),与方法A所得产物相同。
制剂5
2-胍基-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑(游离碱)
将2-氢氯化2-胍基-4-(2-甲基-4-咪唑基)噻唑(13.4克)同66.9ml水一起搅拌,并用22.6ml    3N的氢氧化钠慢慢调节溶液的pH值,使其 pH值稳定在10.0二小时以上,与此同时,保持温度在22-24℃,吸滤回收产物并用水洗涤,压实滤饼,于28ml丙酮中再捣2小时,再过滤,用12ml丙酮洗涤,在40℃真空干燥,得到结晶产物8.66克,大约含水份15%。
无水的游离碱从水浸湿的块滤饼制备,(如上述那样,但不用丙酮捣浆),即将4.04克潮湿滤饼(估计含1.60克干游离碱)置于80ml回流的乙醇中,用0.16克的活性碳处理此溶液,热过滤,浓缩滤液至15ml,室温下搅拌1小时,过滤,丙酮洗涤,滤饼在真空条件下40℃干燥,得到产物1.57克。

Claims (1)

1、制备1∶1的吡多醇/炎痛喜康盐的方法,其特征在于该方法是在惰性反应溶剂中将吡哆醇和炎痛喜康以1∶1的摩尔比相接触。
CN85107498A 1984-10-11 1985-10-10 制备改进的抗炎药炎痛喜康盐类的方法 Expired CN1008062B (zh)

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