CN1006685B - 制备c3-c5石蜡烃脱氢催化剂的方法 - Google Patents
制备c3-c5石蜡烃脱氢催化剂的方法Info
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- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XINQFOMFQFGGCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L (2-dodecoxy-2-oxoethyl)-[6-[(2-dodecoxy-2-oxoethyl)-dimethylazaniumyl]hexyl]-dimethylazanium;dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC XINQFOMFQFGGCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005119 alkyl cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylidene Natural products CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 silicon oxide compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0209—Impregnation involving a reaction between the support and a fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
- C07C5/321—Catalytic processes
- C07C5/322—Catalytic processes with metal oxides or metal sulfides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/12—Silica and alumina
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
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Abstract
制备C3~C5石蜡烃脱氢催化剂的方法,包括将氧化铝先在500~700℃下,再在高于1000℃下焙烧,焙烧时间为很多小时。然后用铬和钾化合物的溶液浸渍,干燥,再用硅化合物的溶液浸渍。最后再进行干燥并在高达700℃的温度下焙烧。
Description
本发明涉及C3-C5石蜡烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法。
在本领域中,人们熟知下列石蜡烃脱氢催化剂的制备方法,这种催化剂以铝、铬和钾为基,其载体为含有Al2O3和SiO2的多孔载体(美国专利3,446,865和苏联专利202,791)。
先有技术的公知方法的缺点是其制备的催化剂稳定性、活性和机械强度相对较低。
另一个有所改进的方法是制备以铝、铬为基础的用于烃类脱氢的催化剂的制备方法,该方法在于首先用硅和钾化合物的溶液浸渍氧化铝,然后用铬化合物浸渍,然后对得到的催化剂进行干燥、焙烧(美国专利2,991,255)。这后一个方法的缺点仍然是催化剂的活性、机械强度和稳定性差。
我们非常吃惊地发现如果按一种特殊的系列步骤进行操作,可获得具有高机械强度、高稳定性的高活性催化剂。
本发明的目的就是提供一种制备C3-C5石蜡烃(含3~5个碳原子的石蜡烃)脱氢催化剂的方法,该催化剂以铝、铬、钾和硅为基。按照本方法,将具有微球(20~150μm)形状的氧化铝(Al2O3)进行第一次焙烧,焙烧温度在500℃~700℃之间,但最好在600℃左右。然后进行第二次焙烧,温度高于1000℃,但最好在1100℃左右。焙烧的时间为很多小时。然后将焙烧产品用含铬和钾化合物的溶液浸渍,或用单独的铬和钾化合物的溶液分别浸渍。产品然后干燥,并用硅化合物溶液浸渍,最后干燥并在高达700℃的温度下焙烧。
对于硅化合物,那些在0℃~500℃下可通过氧化或水解而分解的该
类化合物都可使用。
这些化合物的例子是:Si(OC2H5)4,C6H5-SiCl3,C6H5-Si(C2H5)Cl2,和其它具有下列通式的化合物:
其中,X、Y、W和Z可以是-R,-Cl,-Br,-SiH,-COOR,-SiHrClm,其中R为具有1~30个碳的烷基,环烷基,芳基,烷基环烷基;r和m的数目为1或2,但它们的和为3。
对于铬化合物,那些通过焙烧能产生Cr2O3特别是CrO3的化合物都可应用;对于钾化合物,通过焙烧能够分解生成K2O的钾盐都可使用,例如K2CO3。
按本发明的方法得到的催化剂具有下列元素组成(以氧化物表示):
SiO2:0.5~3%(重) 最好为1~2%(重);
K2O:0.5~3%(重) 最好为1~2%(重);
Cr2O3:10~25%(重) 最好为12~20%(重);
其余部分为Al2O3。
按照本发明的方法,在用硅化合物处理以后,就可将处于高度分散条件下,均相分布的,包括铬,钾,铝的催化剂活性部分通过低聚SiO2的晶格固定起来。这种固定可以防止在催化剂的焙烧和以后的使用过程中活性相发生晶态化,并保证高的活性,机械强度和稳定性。
以下将用例子以非限定的方式对本发明进行说明:
例1
将铝盐的溶液或水合氧化铝的悬浮液喷雾干燥,以制备粉球
γ-Al2O3(20~150μm),悬浮液是通过铝盐沉淀而制备的。
干燥并在600℃下焙烧1小时后,就可得到具有微球形状的γ-Al2O3,其比表面为280m2/g,半径在0~70A范围内的孔容积约为0.61cm3/g。
将产品送进一高温焙烧炉并用热空气中在1100℃下处理24小时。在此处理过程中,Al2O3转变为δ,β,α形式,比表面积达到65m2/g,孔隙度为0.22cm3/g,平均孔直径为20μm。
将如此制得的氧化铝按下列步骤用Cr2O3和K2CO3的水溶液浸渍:
制备25克含有15.8克Cr2O3和2.22克K2CO3的溶液,将其加热至50℃并慢慢加入100克氧化铝中。加入完毕后,将良好,均匀浸渍过的催化剂在流化床中在N2流下加热至250℃,以除去浸渍液,然后冷却至室温。如此得到的氧化铝按以下步骤用Si(OC2H5)4处理:
从反应器的底部,通过一个多孔分布器,将N2送入该反应器,气体流量应使反应器内气体的线速达到2厘米/秒,以便使催化剂床流态化。在催化剂床保持室温的同时,从反应器的顶部,将Si(OC2H5)4的乙醇溶液滴入,该溶液是将7克Si(OC2H5)4溶于60克乙醇制备的。
在溶液滴加完毕后,在继续从下面送入N2的情况下,开始以5℃/分的速度加热床层,直至达到550℃,在该温度下,停止送入N2,将空气送入,并继续加热床层,直至达到700℃,将催化剂保持该温度1小时。
最终得到的催化剂具有下列化学组成:
Al2O3:84.4%;SiO2:2%;K2O:1.4%;Cr2O3:12.2%。
具有下列物化特性:比表面,孔隙度,容积密度分别为55~65m2/g,0.28cm3/g,1.3g/cm3。
例2
催化剂按例1的方法制备,但作为硅化合物,使用C6H5·Si(C2H5)·Cl2(其数量应足以获得和例1相同的组成)。
例3
催化剂按例1的方法制备,但硅化合物是(C2H5O)3·Si(C2H5)。(其数量应足以得到和例1相同的组成)。
例4
催化剂按例1的方法制备,但硅氧化合物是(C6H5CH2)4Si(其数量应足以得到和例1相同的组成)。
例5
催化剂按例1的方法制备,但使用工业氧化铝(HARSHAW 13912)(其数量足以得到和例1相同的组成)。
例6(比较例)
粉球Al2O3是按例1的步骤制备的,所不同的是在水合氧化铝的悬浮液(100克Al2O3)被送去喷雾干燥之前,向其中加入5克商品胶体氧化硅(杜邦)。然后将Al2O3/SiO2混合物进行热处理,并按例1的方法用25克含15.8克Cr2O3和2.2克K2CO3的溶液将其浸渍。
将得到的催化剂在丙烷,异丁烷,正丁烷,异丙烷的脱氢过程中进行测试,操作是在流化床小试反应器中在大气压和580℃下进行的。
催化剂的机械强度根据“标准油”操作法来评价,该方法在“工业工程化学”第41卷,6号,1200~1206页有描述,其结果列于表1。催化剂的稳定性的评价是以在空气流中于800℃下将催化剂焙烧600小时后各参数的变化为基础进行的(表2)。
从列出的数据可以看出,在催化剂制备的最后一个步骤中使用硅化合物可显著地改善以铝、铬和钾为基础的催化剂的催化特性,稳定性和机械性能。
表2
对在800℃下焙烧600小时的催化剂进行的测试
各实例中 比表面(m/g) 异丁烷脱氢 正丁烷脱氢
的催化剂 初始 焙烧后 转化率 选择性 转化率 选择性
1 54 51 51.1(-1.2) 89.1 50.6(-0.8) 80
2 53 51 52.0(-1) 89.3 50.1(-1) 80.1
3 52 51 52.8(-0.8) 88.6 50.4(-0.9) 79.8
4 51 50 52.3(-1.2) 88.9 50.3(-1.1) 79.6
5 65 50 52(-4) 88 49.3(-3) 76.8
6(比较例) 65 40 40(-5.6) 87 40.1(-5) 76
Claims (7)
1、制备C3~C5石蜡烃脱氢催化剂的方法,该催化剂由氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化钾和三氧化二铬组成,该方法的特征在于将具有微球形状的氧化铝(20~150μm)进行第一次焙烧,焙烧温度在500~700℃之间;然后再高于1000℃的温度下焙烧,焙烧时间为很多小时;然后将焙烧后的产品用含铬和钾化合物的溶液浸渍,或用单独的该铬和钾化合物溶液分别浸渍,该铬化合物为通过焙烧可产生Cr2O3的化合物,该钾化合物为通过焙烧可产生K2O的化合物;然后将产品干燥并用硅化合物的溶液浸渍,该硅化合物可以在0~500℃下通过氧化和水解而分解;最后干燥并在高达700℃的温度下焙烧。
2、权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于氧化铝第一次焙烧是在600℃进行的。
3、权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于氧化铝第二次焙烧是在1100℃进行的。
4、权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于该硅化合物具有下列通式:
其中,X、Y、W和Z为-R,-Cl,-Br,-SiH,-COOR,-SiHrClm,其中R为具有1~30个碳的烷基,环烷基,芳基或烷基环烷基;r,m为1或2,但它们的和为3。
5、权利要求4所述的方法,其中硅化合物选自C6H5-SiCl3和C6H5-Si(C2H5)Cl2。
6、权利要求1所述的方法,其中硅化合物为Si(OC2H5)4。
7、权利要求1所述的方法,其中钾化合物为K2CO3。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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IT21180A/85 | 1985-06-17 | ||
IT21180/85A IT1201421B (it) | 1985-06-17 | 1985-06-17 | Metodo per la preparazione di un catalizzatore per la deidrogenazione delle paraffine c3-c5 |
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CN86104031A CN86104031A (zh) | 1987-02-04 |
CN1006685B true CN1006685B (zh) | 1990-02-07 |
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US (1) | US4746643A (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH0710350B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1006685B (zh) |
DZ (1) | DZ941A1 (zh) |
EG (1) | EG18514A (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2177317B (zh) |
IN (1) | IN167448B (zh) |
IT (1) | IT1201421B (zh) |
MX (1) | MX168669B (zh) |
NL (1) | NL191596C (zh) |
NO (1) | NO167553C (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ216499A (zh) |
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DE3640535A1 (de) * | 1986-11-27 | 1988-06-01 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Peptide |
US5733518A (en) * | 1992-04-27 | 1998-03-31 | Sun Company, Inc. (R&M) | Process and catalyst for dehydrogenation of organic compounds |
US5439859A (en) * | 1992-04-27 | 1995-08-08 | Sun Company, Inc. (R&M) | Process and catalyst for dehydrogenation of organic compounds |
EP0759956B1 (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1998-10-07 | Zeneca Limited | Disazo compound |
IT1292390B1 (it) | 1997-06-20 | 1999-02-08 | Snam Progetti | Sistema catalitico e procedimento per deidrogenare l'etilbenzene a stirene |
DK199900477A (da) | 1999-04-12 | 2000-10-13 | Haldor Topsoe As | Fremgangsmåde til dehydrogenering af carbonhydrid |
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US2991255A (en) * | 1957-10-03 | 1961-07-04 | American Cyanamid Co | Extrusion of chromia alumina catalysts |
NL6608613A (zh) * | 1965-06-21 | 1966-12-22 | ||
GB1185246A (en) * | 1967-07-03 | 1970-03-25 | Akad Wissenschaften Ddr | Dehydrogenation Cyclisation of Hydrocarbons |
SU789151A1 (ru) * | 1978-02-15 | 1980-12-23 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт углеводородного сырья | Катализатор дл дегидрировани парафиновых углеводородов |
-
1985
- 1985-06-17 IT IT21180/85A patent/IT1201421B/it active
-
1986
- 1986-06-11 NZ NZ216499A patent/NZ216499A/xx unknown
- 1986-06-12 IN IN453/MAS/86A patent/IN167448B/en unknown
- 1986-06-13 GB GB08614477A patent/GB2177317B/en not_active Expired
- 1986-06-15 EG EG363/86A patent/EG18514A/xx active
- 1986-06-16 NO NO862384A patent/NO167553C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-06-16 US US06/874,579 patent/US4746643A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-06-16 MX MX002820A patent/MX168669B/es unknown
- 1986-06-17 CN CN86104031A patent/CN1006685B/zh not_active Expired
- 1986-06-17 JP JP61139392A patent/JPH0710350B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-06-17 OA OA58878A patent/OA08344A/xx unknown
- 1986-06-17 NL NL8601565A patent/NL191596C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-06-17 DZ DZ860123A patent/DZ941A1/fr active
Also Published As
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NL191596B (nl) | 1995-06-16 |
GB2177317A (en) | 1987-01-21 |
CN86104031A (zh) | 1987-02-04 |
IN167448B (zh) | 1990-10-27 |
NO862384D0 (no) | 1986-06-16 |
US4746643A (en) | 1988-05-24 |
DZ941A1 (fr) | 2004-09-13 |
GB2177317B (en) | 1988-08-17 |
JPH0710350B2 (ja) | 1995-02-08 |
NO167553C (no) | 1991-11-20 |
GB8614477D0 (en) | 1986-07-16 |
NO862384L (no) | 1986-12-18 |
NL191596C (nl) | 1995-10-17 |
JPS6257650A (ja) | 1987-03-13 |
OA08344A (fr) | 1988-02-29 |
IT8521180A0 (it) | 1985-06-17 |
NO167553B (no) | 1991-08-12 |
MX168669B (es) | 1993-06-03 |
EG18514A (en) | 1993-07-30 |
NZ216499A (en) | 1989-08-29 |
NL8601565A (nl) | 1987-01-16 |
IT1201421B (it) | 1989-02-02 |
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