CN100594007C - 作业机构及操纵装置 - Google Patents

作业机构及操纵装置 Download PDF

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CN100594007C
CN100594007C CN200710140279A CN200710140279A CN100594007C CN 100594007 C CN100594007 C CN 100594007C CN 200710140279 A CN200710140279 A CN 200710140279A CN 200710140279 A CN200710140279 A CN 200710140279A CN 100594007 C CN100594007 C CN 100594007C
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cylindrical shell
gear
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tinsel
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神野诚
砂押贵光
大森繁
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Karl Stoss & Co KG GmbH
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Toshiba Corp
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
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    • A61B17/06Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30Surgical robots
    • A61B2034/305Details of wrist mechanisms at distal ends of robotic arms
    • A61B2034/306Wrists with multiple vertebrae

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Abstract

本发明提供一种作业机构及操纵装置。作业部(12a)具有比卷绕金属丝(56)的筒体(116)靠前方且旋转轴与筒体(116)大体平行地设置的齿轮体(126)、和将齿轮体(114)的旋转传递到其他齿轮体(126)的第一齿轮(118)和第二齿轮(134)。在比筒体(116)靠前方处,卷绕金属丝(52)和金属丝(54)的圈数、被卷绕体的主轴部件(128)和齿轮体(130)的大小等不影响金属丝(56)在筒体(116)上的卷绕,并能够将金属丝(56)卷绕在筒体(116)的更大的区域,从而能够增大齿轮体(114)的旋转量。通过这样,由于能够增大齿轮体(114)的旋转量,所以能够将齿轮体(126)的旋转量和旋转转矩设定得大。

Description

作业机构及操纵装置
技术领域
本发明涉及具有下述结构的作业机构,该结构是,将金属丝等挠性动力传递部件卷绕在滑轮上,在该挠性动力传递部件的循环旋转作用下使滑轮旋转,从而使作业部的至少一个关节轴进行动作,本发明还涉及在前端设有该作业机构并通过臂等从另一端进行操作的操纵装置。
背景技术
在腹腔镜下的手术中,在患者的腹部等开设几个小孔,然后插入内窥镜、操纵装置(或钳子)等,医生一面在显示器上观察内窥镜的影像一面进行手术。这样的腹腔镜下的手术由于不需要剖腹,所以对患者的负担少,能够大幅度缩短手术后的恢复天数以及住院天数,因此期待着扩大应用范围。
另一方面,期待着在腹腔镜下的手术中所使用的操纵装置能够根据患部的位置以及大小进行迅速且恰当的处置,并且,能够进行切除患部、缝合以及结扎等各种处置。因此,本申请人开发并提出了操作自由度高并且能够简便操作的操纵装置的方案(例如参照日本特开2002-102248号公报以及日本特开2004-301275号公报)。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供进一步提高可动范围、可靠性以及操作性的作业机构以及操纵装置。
本发明的作业机构的特征在于具有:第一挠性动力传递部件;第一筒体,其卷绕有所述第一挠性动力传递部件,并可旋转地设置;第二挠性动力传递部件,其以与所述第一挠性动力传递部件大体平行且夹着所述第一筒体的方式延伸;第二筒体,其以旋转轴与所述第一筒体大体平行的方式设置,并卷绕有所述第二挠性动力传递部件;从动旋转体,其以旋转轴与所述第一筒体大体平行的方式设置;第一旋转传递机构,其将所述第一筒体的旋转传递到所述从动旋转体;第一作用部,其与所述从动旋转体的旋转连动地动作;和第二作用部,其与所述第二筒体的旋转连动地动作。
并且,本发明的操纵装置的特征在于具有:第一输入部及第二输入部;第一旋转源及第二旋转源,其根据所述第一输入部及第二输入部的操作而旋转;第一挠性动力传递部件,其后方部卷绕在所述第一旋转源上,其前方部多圈卷绕在第一筒体上;第二挠性动力传递部件,其与所述第一挠性动力传递部件大体平行,且经过所述第一旋转源的两侧方而向前方延伸,所述第二挠性动力传递部件的后方部卷绕在所述第二旋转源上,并卷绕在比所述第一筒体靠前方的第二筒体上;从动旋转体,其比所述第一筒体靠前方,并以旋转轴与所述第一筒体大体平行的方式进行设置;旋转传递机构,其将所述第一筒体的旋转传递到所述从动旋转体;第一作用部,其与所述从动旋转体的旋转连动地动作;和第二作用部,其与所述第二筒体的旋转连动地动作。
根据本发明的作业机构以及操纵装置,第二挠性动力传递部件的圈数以及第二筒体的大小等对第一挠性动力传递部件在第一筒体上的卷绕的影响少,并能够在第一筒体的大的区域卷绕第一挠性动力传递部件,从而能够增加第一筒体的旋转量。通过这样,能够将从动旋转体的旋转量以及旋转转矩设定得大,提高可动范围以及操作性。
并且,本发明的作业机构以及操纵装置的结构简单,可靠性高。
结合示例性示出本发明的优选实施方式的附图,通过以下描述,本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点将变得更加清楚。
附图说明
图1是本实施方式的操纵装置的立体图。
图2是第一实施方式的作业部(作业机构)的立体图。
图3是第一实施方式的作业部的分解立体图。
图4是第一实施方式的作业部的剖面侧视图。
图5是第一实施方式的作业部的剖面俯视图。
图6是金属丝固定机构的分解立体图。
图7A是夹持器关闭状态的端部执行器的局部剖面侧视图。
图7B是夹持器稍微打开状态的端部执行器的局部剖面侧视图。
图7C是夹持器最大打开状态的端部执行器的局部剖面侧视图。
图8是第一实施方式的作业部的局部分解立体图。
图9是第一实施方式的操纵装置的驱动系统的基本构成图。
图10是第一实施方式的作业部的变形例的立体图。
图11是第一实施方式的作业部的变形例的分解立体图。
图12是第二实施方式的作业部的立体图。
图13是第二实施方式的作业部的分解立体图。
图14是第二实施方式的作业部的剖面侧视图。
图15是第二实施方式的作业部的剖面俯视图。
图16是第二实施方式的操纵装置的驱动系统的基本构成图。
图17是第三实施方式的作业部的立体图。
图18是第三实施方式的作业部的局部分解立体图。
图19是第一变形例的金属丝从动部的立体图。
图20是第二变形例的金属丝从动部的立体图。
图21是作业部的局部分解立体图。
图22A是将利用夹持器保持的弯曲针刺入生物体的状态的模式图。
图22B是正在将利用夹持器保持的弯曲针刺入生物体的状态的模式图。
图22C是已将利用夹持器保持的弯曲针刺入生物体并且弯曲针的前端已从相反侧露出的状态的模式图。
具体实施方式
本申请人开发了与操纵装置有关联的、图21所示的作业部900。
如图21所示,作业部900通过金属丝902、金属丝903以及金属丝904驱动,具有三自由度。各金属丝902、903以及904卷绕在分别对应的筒体940c、940b、940a上。
在作业部900,齿轮905在金属丝902以及904的作用下旋转,并能够通过使未图示的平面齿轮(face gear)旋转来使前端部在翻滚方向旋转。并且,第二齿轮906在金属丝904的作用下旋转,并能够通过齿圈907以及齿轮908使夹持器909开合。而且还能够在金属丝902、903、904的作用下,通过主轴部件910使前端部向偏转方向旋转。
作业部900以能够穿插在设于患者腹部等的细径的套管针中的方式形成细径。这是由于如果直径太大,则必须也加大需插入的孔,违背了减轻患者负担的本来的宗旨。
由于作业部900的自由度在具有偏转轴(yaw axis)、俯仰轴(pitchaxis)的情况下,其动作范围为+90°,所以不需要大的动作范围,但在具有翻滚轴(roll axis)的情况下,翻滚轴的动作区域对操作性有很大的影响。例如,如图22A~图22C所示,在利用夹持器909所保持的弯曲针930进行缝合的情况下,为了使该弯曲针930从任意的姿势顺利地刺入、刺出,翻滚轴优选具有±180°以上的动作范围。
为了进一步扩大动作范围,需要尽量多地卷绕金属丝902、903以及904的圈数。但是,从图21可看出,作业部900上的各金属丝902、903以及904相对于支轴920同轴串联地卷绕,由于没有足够的空间所以难以设定多的金属丝的卷绕圈数。
例如,在图21的作业部900,在各筒体940a~940c上分别卷绕有1.5圈(540°)的金属丝,但在空间上很难增加对各筒体940a~940c的卷绕角度。即,为了卷绕多圈,必须根据卷绕圈数增加支轴920的长度,结果导致作业部900的直径增大。
假设偏转轴的动作范围为±90°,翻滚轴的动作范围为±180°,则只是偏转轴的动作+翻滚轴的动作,卷绕角度就为540°,没有用于把持动作的卷绕角度的富余。相反,为了进行把持动作,必须缩小偏转轴的动作范围或翻滚轴的动作范围。
本发明是考虑到这样的课题而完成的,其目的是提供进一步提高可动范围、可靠性以及操作性的作业机构以及操纵装置。
以下列举第一、第二和第三实施方式并参照图1至图20来对本发明的作业机构以及操纵装置进行说明。第一实施方式的操纵装置10a(参照图1)、第二实施方式的操纵装置10b(参照图12)、第三实施方式的操纵装置10c(参照图17)是医疗用操纵装置,用于腹腔镜下的手术等。本实施方式的作业部(作业机构)12a、12b以及12c是设置在操纵装置10a、10b以及10c的前端部的三自由度的机构。
操纵装置10a是用前端的作业部12a把持生物体的一部分或弯曲针等进行规定的处置的装置,通常也称为把持钳或针头驱动器(持针器)等。
如图1所示,操纵装置10a具有通过人手把持和操作的基端部的操作指示部14、在前端部进行作业的作业部12a以及连接该作业部12a和操作指示部14的长的连结部16。作业部12a和连结部16形成细径,能够从设置在患者腹部等的圆筒形的套管针20插入体腔22内,并且通过操作指示部14的操作,能够在体腔22内进行切除患部、把持、缝合以及结扎等各种处置。
另外,在以下的说明中,将图1、图12以及图17中的宽度方向规定为X方向,将高度方向规定为Y方向,将连结部16的延伸方向规定为Z方向。并且,将右方规定为X1方向,将左方规定为X2方向,将上方规定为Y1方向,将下方规定为Y2方向,将前方规定为Z1方向,将后方规定为Z2方向。而且,只要不特别说明,这些方向的记载以操纵装置10a、10b以及10c处于中立姿势(图2、图12以及图17所示的姿势)的情况下为基准进行表示。这些方向是为了便于说明,操纵装置10a、10b以及10c当然可以在任意的朝向(例如上下倒置)进行使用。
操作指示部14具有通过人手把持的夹持器手柄26、从该夹持器手柄26的上部延伸的臂28以及与该臂28的前端连接的致动器模块30。在夹持器手柄26上设置有可用手指操作的触发杆(第一输入部)32、第一指示杆(第二输入部)34以及第二指示杆36。触发杆32设置在容易用食指进行拉近动作的位置。
在致动器模块30上,电动机40、电动机42以及电动机44与作业部12a所具有的三自由度的机构相对应地沿着连结部16的延伸方向并排设置。这些电动机40、42以及44是小型的、细径的,从而致动器模块30形成紧凑的扁平形状。致动器模块30设置在操作指示部14的Z1方向端部的下方。并且,电动机40、42以及44根据操作指示部14的操作而在控制器45的作用下进行旋转。
连结部16具有与致动器模块30连接的连接部46和从该连接部46向着Z1方向延伸的中空的连接轴48。与电动机40、42以及44的驱动轴连接的驱动滑轮(第二旋转源)50a、驱动滑轮50b以及驱动滑轮(第一旋转源)50c可自由旋转地设置在连接部46上。金属丝(第二挠性动力传递部件)52、金属丝54以及金属丝(第一挠性动力传递部件)56卷绕在驱动滑轮50a、驱动滑轮50b以及驱动滑轮50c上,并穿过连接轴48的中空部分48a(参照图2)延伸到作业部12a。金属丝52、金属丝54以及金属丝56可使用彼此种类相同、直径相同的材料。以下对金属丝52、金属丝54以及金属丝56进行概括,代表性地称为金属丝57。
通过连接部46中的规定操作,连结部16能够从操作指示部14脱离,从而能够进行清洗、杀菌以及维护保养等。并且,从连结部16起前面的部分是能够更换的,因此能够根据处置的不同来安装连结部16的长度不同的部件或是作业部12a的机构不同的部件。
如图2所示,在连结部16的前端部设置有向前端方向突出的一对舌片部58,并使该一对舌片部58面对连结轴48的中心轴。连结轴48的中空部分48a与一对舌片部58之间的空间部连通。在该一对舌片部58上,两组轴孔60a、60a和60b、60b设置在相对的位置上。舌片部58的前端分别形成圆弧形。并且,一对舌片部58的相对的内侧面形成平行的平面,其间隔为H。
两个轴孔60a、60a和两个轴孔60b、60b隔着中心轴设置。轴孔60a和轴孔60b在Z方向并排设置,轴孔60b设置在轴孔60a的前端侧。
如图2所示,作业部12a是具有第一自由度、第二自由度和第三自由度共三个自由度的装置,第一自由度是以Y方向的第一旋转轴Oy为中心,其更前面的部分向偏转方向转动;第二自由度是以Z方向的第二旋转轴Or为中心向翻滚方向转动;第三自由度是以第三旋转轴Og为中心使前端的端部执行器104开合。作业部12a具有金属丝从动部100、驱动机构部102以及端部执行器104。另外,为方便起见,将驱动机构部102和端部执行器104分开进行说明。“端部执行器”一般解释为进行处置的前端部分,因此也可以定义为包括端部执行器104和驱动机构部102。
参照图2~图5对金属丝从动部100、驱动机构部102以及端部执行器104进行详细说明。
金属丝从动部100设置在一对舌片部58之间,是将金属丝52、金属丝54以及金属丝56的各自的循环动作转换成旋转动作并传递到驱动机构部102的部分。金属丝从动部100具有插入在轴孔60a、60a中的轴110、插入在轴孔60b、60b中的轴112以及被轴110支承且相对于轴110可自由旋转的齿轮体114。轴110和112例如通过压入而相对轴孔60a、60b进行固定。轴112配置在第一旋转轴Oy的轴上。
齿轮体114具有筒体(第一筒体)116和同心状地设置于该筒体116的上部的第一齿轮(第一旋转传动机构、连接部驱动齿轮)118。第一齿轮118是比筒体116的直径大的正齿轮。以下,在没有特别说明的情况下,齿轮是正齿轮。齿轮体114的高度大约为H,可自由旋转地设置在一对舌片部58之间。第一齿轮118的厚度D1与高度H相比非常薄,筒体116的高度(即H-D1)在舌片部58之间的高度H中占有相当的部分。在第一齿轮118的上表面,在用于插入轴110的孔的周边设有低的环形肋118a,以防止第一齿轮118的上表面与上侧的舌片部58接触,谋求滑动阻力的降低。
如图6所示,金属丝固定机构120设置在筒体116上。金属丝固定机构120具有在Z2方向侧的稍微靠上方部分在横向(中立时的X方向)延伸的槽122和设置在该槽122的中央的锥形的固定销124。在槽122的中央部设置有用于插入并固定固定销124的凹部122a。槽122的朝向也可以与金属丝57卷绕成螺旋形的方向一致而稍微倾斜。
将槽122的宽度以及最大深度设定成与金属丝57的直径大致相等。在固定销124上设置有在横向连通、金属丝57能够贯通其中的孔124a。通过使金属丝57穿过孔124a,并将固定销124插入凹部122a中,金属丝57在其一部分嵌入槽122中且朝向被规定成水平的同时,相对于筒体116固定。
返回到图2~图5,金属丝从动部100从Y1方向往Y2方向依次具有被轴112支承且相对轴112可自由旋转的齿轮体(从动旋转体)126、主轴部件128以及齿轮体130。
齿轮体126具有筒体132和同心状地设置在该筒体132的上部的第二齿轮(第一旋转传动机构)134。第二齿轮134具有与第一齿轮118相同的厚度,并被设定成与该第一齿轮118啮合。第二齿轮134的齿数多于第一齿轮118,从而能够减速(转矩增大)传递第一齿轮118的旋转。当然,也可根据设计条件等速或增速地传递。在第二齿轮134的上表面,在用于插入轴112的孔的周边设有低的环形肋134a,以防止第二齿轮134的上表面与上侧的舌片部58接触,谋求滑动阻力的降低。
齿轮体130与齿轮体126的形状大致相同,该齿轮体130相对于齿轮体126上下倒置地配置。齿轮体130具有筒体136和同心状地设置在该筒体136的下部的第三齿轮138。筒体136与筒体132的直径大致相同,形状大致相同。第三齿轮138的齿数可比第二齿轮134的稍少。在筒体136的Z2方向侧的面上设有与筒体116相同的金属丝固定机构120,以固定金属丝54。
主轴部件128具有轴112穿插于其中的筒体(第二筒体)140、设置在Z1方向的环形接触面142以及从该环形接触面142的中心起在Z1方向延伸的支承杆144。支承杆144配置在第二旋转轴Or的轴上。在支承杆144的前端部设有外螺纹。
环形接触面142通过上下两个短的桥状件142a而设置在稍微离开筒体140的外侧面的位置,在环形接触面142和筒体140之间设置有用于穿插金属丝52的、在Y方向稍长的纵孔146。在筒体140的Z2方向侧的面上设置有与筒体116相同的金属丝固定机构120,以固定金属丝52。
主轴部件128能够随着金属丝52的循环动作而以第一旋转轴Oy为中心向偏转方向旋转,使得支承杆144在XZ平面上摆动。
筒体140、齿轮体126以及齿轮体130以轴112为轴层叠配置,该层叠高度与H大致相同,几乎没有间隙地设置在一对舌片部58之间。
驱动机构部102具有驱动基座150、齿圈152、带齿轮的销154、固定螺母156和158以及罩160。在固定螺母156上设置有用于插入细的旋转工具的径向的多个细孔156a。至少一个细孔156a在径向露出(参照图2),从而不用拆下罩160等就能够使固定螺母156旋转。在固定螺母158上设置有扳手等的旋转工具能够卡合的平行面158a。
驱动基座150具有可转动地插入到支承杆144的基端部的筒体164、从该筒体164的左右两端向Z1方向突出的一对支承臂166以及设置在筒体164的Z2方向的面上的平面齿轮168。各支承臂166是支承端部执行器104的部分,其设置有在X方向排列的孔166a。将筒体164插入到支承杆144的基端部后,使固定螺母156旋合在支承杆144的前端的螺纹上,从而,驱动基座150在以支承杆144为中心(即以第二旋转轴Or为中心)的翻滚方向上可自由转动地被轴支承
平面齿轮168与第三齿轮138啮合,驱动基座150能够随着筒体136的旋转而以第二旋转轴Or为中心旋转。
齿圈152是薄的筒体,其具有设置在Z2方向的面上的平面齿轮170和设置在Z1方向的面上的平面齿轮172。齿圈152嵌装在驱动基座150的筒体164上,并能够相对于该筒体164的周面自由滑动旋转。齿圈152嵌装在筒体164上,并使平面齿轮170在驱动基座150的平面齿轮168的稍微靠Z1方向侧的位置,且位于与第二齿轮134啮合的位置。平面齿轮170与第二齿轮134啮合,于是齿圈152能够随着齿轮体126的旋转而以第二旋转轴Or为中心旋转。
带齿轮的销154具有与平面齿轮172啮合的第四齿轮(连接部从动齿轮)174和从该第四齿轮174的中心向X1方向延伸的销176。在销176的前端部设有外螺纹。销176穿过两个孔166a,并且其外螺纹从相反侧的支承臂166突出,以便旋合固定螺母158。通过这样,带齿轮的销154在第四齿轮174与平面齿轮172啮合的同时,可相对于支承臂166自由旋转地轴支承在支承臂166上。并且,销176形成D截面形状,以便与端部执行器104的一部分卡合。
罩160用于保护驱动机构部102中的上述各部件,其覆盖齿圈152、第四齿轮174,使其不在径向露出。罩160具有Z2方向的短筒180和从该短筒180的左右两端起向Z1方向突出的一对耳片部182。耳片部182是短筒180的周壁的一部分以相同的直径向Z1方向延伸而成的形状。罩160的下部通过罩固定销162固定在端部执行器104的一部分上。将罩160设定成正面看与连结部16直径相同或比连结部16的直径小。
在这样驱动机构部102,在齿轮体130的旋转作用下,旋转从第三齿轮138传递到平面齿轮168,从而能够使驱动基座150以及与该驱动基座150连接的端部执行器104以第二旋转轴Or为中心旋转。并且,在齿轮体114的旋转作用下,旋转从第一齿轮118经由第二齿轮134、平面齿轮170、平面齿轮172以及第四齿轮174传递到销176,从而能够使带齿轮的销154旋转。
另外,罩160以在不妨碍动作的范围内几乎覆盖驱动机构部102、端部执行器104的整个区域的方式由圆筒形或圆锥形的罩构成也可以。并且,也可以利用销196固定罩160。
端部执行器104具有第一端部执行部件190、第二端部执行部件192、连杆194以及销196。销196配置在第三旋转轴Og的轴上。
第一端部执行部件190具有左右相对设置的一对侧壁200、分别设置在侧壁200的前端部的孔200a、分别设置在侧壁200的后端部的孔200b、从侧壁200的前端下部向Z1突出的第一夹持器202、设置在侧壁200的后端下部的罩固定部204。将孔200a设定成例如适合压入销196的直径。第一夹持器202的宽度向着Z1方向稍稍变窄,前端部是圆弧形状,在第一夹持器202的Y1方向的整个面上几乎没有间隙地设置有小的锥形突起。
各侧壁200的前端部形成圆弧形状,后端部的两外侧面设有供上述支承臂166嵌入的凹部200c。在第一夹持器202和罩固定部204之间设置有防止与第二端部执行部件192的后端部干涉的孔190a(参照图5)。在罩固定部204上设置有例如压入罩固定销162的孔。
第二端部执行部件192具有基座部210、从基座部210的前端向Z1方向延伸的第二夹持器212、从基座部210的左右后端向Z2方向延伸的一对耳片部214以及设置在基座部210的前端下部的轴支承筒216。轴支承筒216具有可插入销196的程度的内径的孔216a。销196插入到轴支承筒216中,并例如压入到孔200a中,由此,第二端部执行部件192以第三旋转轴Og为中心自由摆动。第二夹持器212与第一夹持器202的形状相同,但上下倒置地配置,第二端部执行部件192以第三旋转轴Og为中心转动时,能够与第一夹持器202抵接,以把持弯曲针930(参照图22A)等。在耳片部214分别设有长孔214a。
连杆194具有设置在一方端部的孔220和设置在另一方端部且向左右突出的一对卡合部222。各卡合部222与长孔214a可滑动地卡合。孔220形成适合销176进行卡合的D截面形状,从而具有针对该销176的定位功能和防止转动功能。将销176插入到孔166a、孔200b以及220中,并在前端旋合固定螺母158,由此,连杆194以销176为中心自由摆动。
如图7A~图7C所示,在端部执行器104中,在带齿轮的销154的旋转作用下使连杆194摆动,并通过该连杆194的摆动,一面使各卡合部222被长孔214a引导一面使第二端部执行部件192的后端部在Y方向升降。并且,第二端部执行部件192由于能够以第三旋转轴Og为中心摆动,所以能够在连杆194的作用下摆动,使第二夹持器212相对于第一夹持器202开合。端部执行器104通过连杆194而构成肘式机构,成为增加把持力的机构。
在使第二夹持器212离开第一夹持器202时,相反侧的耳片部214在Y2方向产生位移,由于在第一端部执行部件190上设有孔190a,所以第一端部执行部件190和第二端部执行部件192不发生干涉。
如图8所示,作业部12a可分解成两个部分,即,金属丝从动部100的部分和除此之外的驱动机构部102以及端部执行器104的部分,根据需要,能够将比驱动机构部102靠前的部分更换为其他机构。
并且,金属丝52在筒体140上卷绕1.5圈,金属丝54在筒体136上卷绕1.5圈,金属丝56在筒体116上卷绕2.5圈(900°)。从图5中可看出,将筒体140的直径设定成大于等于筒体116的直径加上两条金属丝56而得的宽度,俯视时,金属丝52以及金属丝54配置得比金属丝56稍靠外侧。由此能够容易地防止各金属丝之间的干涉。
即,金属丝56配置得比金属丝52靠内侧,从而不与金属丝52发生干涉。因此,金属丝56能够与金属丝52的位置无关地使用筒体116的整个高度(即H-D1)的大约2/3的区域116a(参照图4)来进行卷绕。由于该区域116a足够大,所以能够使金属丝56卷绕2.5圈(或更多,例如3.5圈(1260°)),能够使齿轮体114旋转2.5圈(或更多)。并且,由于能够增大齿轮体114的旋转量,所以能够将第一齿轮118和第二齿轮134的齿轮比设定得大,还能够增大齿轮体126的旋转转矩。
在假设不设置齿轮体114和第一齿轮118,而是将金属丝56卷绕在筒体132上直接使齿轮体126旋转的情况下,卷绕金属丝56的区域132a(参照图4)受到筒体132的高度的限制,与上述区域116a(即大约整个高度的2/3的区域)相比狭窄,大约是其一半。即,只能卷绕在从高度H减去筒体140、筒体136等的高度而得的剩余部分上,金属54在筒体136上的卷绕也一样,只能卷绕1.5圈(540°)左右。因此,齿轮体126的旋转量和旋转转矩缩小。
而在本实施方式的操纵装置10a的作业部12a中,如上所述,具有:在比卷绕金属丝56的筒体116靠前方处,旋转轴与筒体116大体平行设置的齿轮体126;和将齿轮体114的旋转传递到齿轮体126的第一齿轮118以及第二齿轮134。因此,在比筒体116靠前方处,金属丝52的圈数、主轴部件128和齿轮体130的大小等不影响金属丝56在筒体116的卷绕,并能够将金属丝56卷绕在筒体116的大约2/3的区域116a上,从而能够增加齿轮体114的旋转量。通过这样,还能够将从动的齿轮体126的旋转量和旋转转矩设定得大,从而能够使第二夹持器212大幅且可靠地进行动作。由于齿轮体126的旋转量和旋转转矩大,因此,从动的第二夹持器212的驱动力也大,能够与第一夹持器202牢固抵接,以便能够可靠地保持例如弯曲针930(参照图22A)。
另外,通过使筒体136的直径与筒体140的直径相同,金属丝56能够与金属丝52以及金属丝54的位置无关地使用筒体116的整个高度的几乎所有区域116a来进行卷绕。通过这样,能够进一步加大齿轮体126的旋转量和旋转转矩。
以下,参照图9来说明这样构成的操纵装置10a的作用。
首先,利用手指操作第一指示杆34(参照图1)来进行偏转方向的动作。即,利用手指操作第一指示杆34,于是驱动滑轮50a等在电动机40(参照图1)的旋转作用下进行旋转,从而金属丝52被循环驱动,主轴部件128以第一旋转轴Oy为中心旋转。通过这样,与主轴部件128的支承杆144连接的驱动机构部(第二作用部)102以及端部执行器(第二作用部)104向偏转方向摆动。
第一指示杆34可向正反两个方向倾斜,偏转方向的动作根据第一指示杆34的倾斜方向而向正反方向摆动。若使第一指示杆34返回到中立位置,则电动机40停止,偏转方向的动作也保持此时的位置而停止。或者,也可以是对与第一指示杆34的旋转角度成比例的偏转方向的动作角度进行指示的方法。即,速度指示、位置(角度)指示都可以。
利用手指操作第二指示杆36(参照图1)来进行翻滚方向的动作。即,利用手指操作第二指示杆36,于是驱动滑轮50b等在电动机42(参照图1)的旋转作用下进行旋转,从而金属丝54被循环驱动,齿轮体130进行旋转,并且旋转经由第三齿轮138以及平面齿轮168而传递到驱动基座150。该驱动基座150以第二旋转轴Or为中心旋转。通过这样,驱动机构部102以及端部执行器104在翻滚方向旋转。
第二指示杆36可向正反两个方向倾斜,翻滚方向的动作根据第二指示杆36的倾斜方向而向正反方向摆动。若使第二指示杆36返回到中立位置,则电动机42停止,翻滚方向的动作也保持此时的位置而停止。或者,也可以是对与第二指示杆36的旋转角度成比例的翻滚方向的动作角度进行指示的方法。即,速度指示、位置(角度)指示都可以。
利用手指拉近触发杆32(参照图1)来进行端部执行器104的开合动作。即,利用手指拉近触发杆32,于是驱动滑轮50c在电动机44(参照图1)的旋转作用下进行旋转,从而金属丝56被循环驱动,齿轮体114进行旋转,并且旋转经由第一齿轮118、第二齿轮134、平面齿轮170、172以及第四齿轮174传递到销176。销176通过连杆194使第二端部执行部件192以第三旋转轴Og为中心摆动。通过这样,第二夹持器212(第一作用部)相对于第一夹持器202进行开合。
触发杆32可由手指拉近,并由于松开手指而在弹性体的作用下返回到原来的位置。端部执行器104与该触发杆32的操作连动,根据触发杆32的拉近程度而闭合,由于手指离开触发杆32而恢复到打开状态。在触发杆32上也可以具有弹键机构。
如图9所示,若定义驱动部侧旋转角度(θ1、θ2、θ3)和前端关节角度(θYaw、θRoll、θGrip),则驱动部侧旋转角度(θ1、θ2、θ3)和前端关节角度(θYaw、θRoll、θGrip)如下式(1)所示。
[式1]
另外,简单起见,将与θ1~θYaw、θ2~θRoll相关联的驱动机构的减速比设定为1。并且,与θ3~θGrip相关联的驱动机构的减速比为α,这是由第一齿轮118和第二齿轮134的齿数比和第一端部执行部件190、第二端部执行部件192、连杆194的比、滑轮直径等确定的函数。从该公式中,θ3和θGrip的关系可用以下式(2)表示。
[式2]
θ3=-θYawRoll+αθGrip…(2)
因此,θ3根据θYaw、θRoll的角度,为了开合俯仰角度而需要多的旋转角度。如果θYaw=-90°、θRoll=-180°、则θGrip>270°,如果θYaw=+90°、θRoll=+180°、则θGrip<-270°,理解为为了开合第二夹持器212,需要±270°即540°(1.5圈)以上的动作范围。即,需要-270°-α·θGrip-min≤θ3≤270°+α·θGrip-max
如上所述,在第一实施方式的操纵装置10a以及作业部12a中具有:在比卷绕金属丝56的筒体116靠前方处,旋转轴与筒体116大体平行地设置的齿轮体126;和将齿轮体114的旋转传递到齿轮体126的第一齿轮118和第二齿轮134。即,由于筒体116被偏置配置,因此,在比筒体116靠前方处,金属丝52的圈数和主轴部件128和齿轮体130的大小等不影响金属丝56在筒体116上的卷绕,并且能够将金属丝卷绕在筒体116的大约2/3的区域116a上(参照图4),从而能够增大齿轮体114的旋转量。通过这样,能够将齿轮体114的旋转量和旋转转矩设定得大。因此,能够使第二夹持器212相对于第一夹持器202大幅且可靠地进行动作,从而操作性提高。并且,操纵装置1Oa和作业部12a的结构简单,可靠性高。
并且,如图5所示,由于将筒体140的直径设定成大于等于在筒体116的直径上加上两条金属丝56而得的宽度,因此,金属丝52配置得比金属丝56稍靠外侧以避免相互干涉,从而能够将金属丝56可靠地卷绕在筒体116上。
而且,能够增大金属丝56在筒体116上的卷绕角度,能够进一步提高金属丝、滑轮的驱动系统的可靠性。即,在由金属丝和滑轮的摩擦形成的转矩传递中,如果初始张力相同,则卷绕角度越大、传递转矩也越大。因此,金属丝56能够通过摩擦力对筒体116传递更大的转矩,还能够省略上述的金属丝固定机构120那样的固定装置。由于省略金属丝固定机构120,所以不会在固定销124的部分对金属丝56施加局部过大的负荷,能够提高金属丝56的寿命以及可靠性。并且,还能够加大齿轮体126的旋转量和旋转转矩。
通过作业部12a能够确保偏转轴动作区域±90°,翻滚轴动作区域±180°,俯仰开合角度约40°(根据连杆比而变化)。通过扩大翻滚轴的动作范围,更容易引导弯曲针930等,操作性提高。
并且,与作业部900(参照图21)相比较,作业部12a基本上是只增加了齿轮体114的简便结构,能够构成为体积小、重量轻,所以非常适合用于狭窄部的作业。尤其是,所增加的齿轮体114与齿轮体126并排设置在Z方向,所以能够防止X方向以及Y方向的宽度增大。
由于作业部12a的直径能够构成为与作业部900同样细,因此,在用于医疗的情况下,设置在腹部、胸部等的套管针20(参照图1)能够缩小,对于患者来说是低侵害。
齿轮体114的动力能够通过作为齿轮对的第一齿轮118及第二齿轮134简便且可靠地传递到齿轮体126。
主轴部件128和齿轮体126以及130被同轴配置,共用旋转轴的轴112,是简便的结构。
并且,在图21的作业部900,三条金属丝902、903以及904的张力集中施加在轴920上,而与此相比,在作业部12a,金属丝的张力分散到轴110和112上,于是在每一根轴110或112上产生的弯曲应力减少,可靠性提高。即,在轴112上只施加两条金属丝52和54的张力,在轴11O上只施加金属丝56的张力,于是弯曲应力降低。在后述的图19的示例中,设置有三根轴110、112以及500,于是施加在每一根轴上的弯曲应力进一步减少。
另外,作业部12a中的端部执行器104并不限于上述那样使用连杆194的肘式机构,例如也可以是图1O以及图11所示的端部执行器104a。在端部执行器104a以及以下所示的其他实施例中,在与上述操纵装置1Oa及作业部12a相同的构成部分上标注相同的符号并省略其详细说明。
端部执行器104a具有相当于上述的第一端部执行部件190和第二端部执行部件192的第一端部执行部件240和第二端部执行部件242。并且,端部执行器104a没有相当于上述连杆194的部件。
第一端部执行部件240与第一端部执行部件190相比,没有孔190a,相应地在Z方向形成短条形。第二端部执行部件242与第二端部执行部件192相比,没有耳片部214和轴支承筒216,基座部210被设定得稍短。在基座部210的后端设置有相当于上述孔220的D截面形状的孔244。销176插入到孔244中,第二端部执行部件242由带齿轮的销154直接驱动。
这样的端部执行器104a的构成简便,容易进行组装和维护。
下面,参照图12~图16对第二实施方式的操纵装置10b进行说明。操纵装置10b与上述的操纵装置10a相比,是操作指示部14和连结部16相同,用操纵装置10b取代操纵装置10a的结构。操纵装置10b是从前端的作业部12b向生物体进行高频通电,以对规定的部位进行凝固、切开处置的、所谓的电手术刀。
如图12~图14所示,作业部12b是具有第一自由度、第二自由度和第三自由度共三个自由度的装置,第一自由度是以Y方向的第一旋转轴Oy为中心,比其更靠前的部分向偏转方向转动;第二自由度是以Z方向的第二旋转轴0r为中心在翻滚方向转动;第三自由度是以第三旋转轴Op为中心,使前端的端部执行器104在俯仰方向转动。作业部12b具有金属丝从动部300、驱动机构部302和端部执行器304。
参照图12~图15,对金属丝从动部300、驱动机构部302以及端部执行器304进行详细说明。
金属丝从动部300是相当于上述的金属丝从动部100的部分,其与该金属丝从动部100相比,齿轮体114、126以及130以轴为中心反转设置。在轴110以及112的顶端设有外螺纹,以便旋合在Y1方向的轴孔60a和60b中而被固定。
设置在齿轮体126和130之间的主轴部件306相当于上述的主轴部件128,其具有稍厚的环形接触面308和从该环形接触面308的中心向Z1方向延伸的俯仰基座310。俯仰基座310是成为俯仰动作的基准的部件,其具有用于俯仰动作的一对平行的左右滑动面310a和设置在前端的成为旋转中心的孔310b。
金属丝从动部300与上述的金属丝从动部100相同,金属丝52、金属丝54以及金属丝56卷绕在筒体140、筒体136以及筒体116上。
在金属丝从动部300,能够使主轴部件306以第一旋转轴Oy为中心向偏转方向摆动。
驱动机构部300具有齿圈152和312、罩314、齿轮体316和318、端部执行器主轴部件320以及固定销322。
齿圈312是薄的筒体,具有设置在Z2方向的面上的平面齿轮324和设置在Z1方向的面上的平面齿轮326。齿圈312插在齿圈152内,并相对于该齿圈152的内周面可自由滑动旋转。平面齿轮324与第二齿轮134啮合,齿圈312能够随着齿轮体126的旋转以第二旋转轴Or为中心旋转。
罩314相当于上述罩160,用于保护和支承驱动机构部302中的各部件,具有Z2方向的短筒330和从该短筒330的左右两端向Z1方向突出的一对耳片部332。在各耳片部332设有用于插入固定销322以进行固定的孔332a。孔332a中的一个是插入固定销322的孔,另一个是用于旋合的孔。耳片部332的相对的面平行地形成,并被设定成可自由滑动地保持齿轮体316、318、卡合片350以及俯仰基座310的宽度。将短筒330的内周面的直径设定成稍大于齿圈152的外周面,于是设有间隙。
齿轮体316是设置在一对耳片部332之间的、配置在X2方向上的零件,其具有第四齿轮338、与该第四齿轮338同心状地设置的D截面形状的突起340。将齿轮体316配置成第四齿轮338在X2方向,该第四齿轮338与平面齿轮326啮合。在齿轮体316上设置有孔316a,在该孔316a的中心部插入固定销322。
端部执行器主轴部件320具有作为基座的圆板346、从该圆板346向Z1方向突出的主轴348、在圆板346的Z2方向的面上从与X2方向稍稍偏离的位置向Z2方向突出的卡合片350。
在卡合片350上设置有用于与突起340卡合的D截面形状的孔350a。在主轴348的前端设置有外螺纹。通过将突起340插入到孔350a中,端部执行器主轴部件320与齿轮体316一体且稳定地组装在一起。
齿轮体318是设置在一对耳片部332之间的、配置在X1方向上的零件,其具有筒体352、与该筒体352的一方同心状地设置的第五齿轮354。将齿轮体318设置成第五齿轮354在X1方向,该第五齿轮354与平面齿轮326啮合。在齿轮体318上设置有孔318a,在该孔318a的中心部插入固定销322。
齿轮体318、俯仰基座310、以及端部执行器主轴部件320和齿轮体316的组装体几乎无间隙地配置在一对耳片部332之间,固定销322插入到孔316a、孔310b以及孔318a中,被轴支承。通过这样,端部执行器主轴部件320和齿轮体316的组装体在齿轮体152的旋转作用下,以第三旋转轴Op为中心自由摆动。并且,齿轮体318在齿圈312的旋转作用下从动地旋转。
在这样的驱动机构部302,齿轮体130和第三齿轮138的旋转经由齿圈152及第四齿轮338传递到主轴348,该主轴348能够以第三旋转轴Op为中心进行俯仰。并且,齿轮体114和第一齿轮118的旋转经由第二齿轮134、齿圈213传递到齿轮体318以及第五齿轮354。
端部执行器304具有冠状件356、电极部件358和固定螺母360。
冠状件356具有薄的筒体362、设置在该筒体362的Z2方向的面上的平面齿轮364、盖住筒体362的Z1方向的面的圆板366以及从该圆板366的中心向Z1方向突出的D截面形状的突起368。在圆板366以及突起368上设置有用于插入主轴348的孔356a。
电极部件358具有与驱动机构部302连接的连接部370、在从第二旋转轴Or稍稍偏离的位置从连接部370向Z1方向延伸的臂372、以及该臂372的前端向Y1方向弯折而成的电极374。在连接部370设置有用于插入突起368的D截面形状的孔370a。该电极部件358前端是钩形,但除此之外,也可以根据操作对象是刀形等。
固定螺母360与上述的固定螺母158形状相同。若在将突起368插入到孔370a中后,将驱动机构部302的主轴348插入到冠状件356的孔356a中,则该主轴348的前端的外螺纹部从电极部件358的连接部370突出。通过将固定螺母360旋合在该突出的部分上,将端部执行器304组装在驱动机构部302上,冠状件356以及电极部件358被以主轴348为中心可自由旋转地轴支承。并且,平面齿轮364与第五齿轮354啮合。
在这样的端部执行器304中,在齿轮体318以及第五齿轮354的旋转作用下,冠状件356以及电极部件358能够以第二旋转轴0r为中心旋转。
下面参照图16来说明这样构成的操纵装置10b的作用。
利用手指操作第二指示杆36(参照图1)来进行俯仰方向的动作。即,利用手指操作第二指示杆36,于是驱动滑轮50b等在电动机42(参照图1)的旋转作用下进行旋转,从而金属丝54被循环驱动,齿轮体130进行旋转,并且旋转经由第三齿轮138、平面齿轮170、172以及第四齿轮338传递到齿轮体316。齿轮体316与主轴348一体地以第三旋转轴Op为中心进行俯仰。
俯仰方向的动作根据第二指示杆36的倾斜方向而向正反方向转动。若使第二指示杆36返回到中立位置,则电动机42停止,俯仰方向的动作也保持此时的位置而停止。俯仰方向的动作也可以是根据位置指令而进行的。
利用手指拉近触发杆32(参照图1)来进行翻滚方向的动作。即,利用手指拉近触发杆32,于是驱动滑轮50c在电动机44(参照图1)的旋转作用下进行旋转,从而金属丝56被循环驱动,齿轮体114进行旋转,并且旋转经由第一齿轮118、第二齿轮134、平面齿轮324、326、第五齿轮354以及平面齿轮364传递到端部执行器304。端部执行器304以第二旋转轴Or为中心旋转。
端部执行器304与触发杆32的操作连动,根据触发杆32的拉近程度而闭合,并由于手指离开触发杆32而返回到中立位置。当然,对于俯仰动作,也可以利用第一指示杆34及第二指示杆36那样的可在正反方向倾斜的输入装置,在手指离开时的位置保持端部执行器304的旋转位置。或者,也可以不是触发器,而是设置第三指示杆,也可以利用触发器来改变第一指示杆34、第二指示杆36的对应操作。
另外,关于偏转方向的动作,由于与上述的操纵装置10a相同,因此省略详细说明。
如图1的虚线所示,这样构成的操纵装置10b通过从规定的电源380对连结部16以及处置部施加电压来从电极374的前端向处置部通电,其作为单极电手术刀发挥作用。
并且,操纵装置10b的作业部12b与上述操纵装置10a和作业部12a相同,在比筒体116靠前方处,金属丝52的圈数、主轴部件128和齿轮体130的大小等不影响金属丝56在筒体116上的卷绕,并能够将金属丝56卷在筒体116的大约2/3的区域,从而能够增大齿轮体114的旋转量。由于通过这样能够增大金属丝56的圈数从而增大齿轮体114的旋转量,所以能够将齿轮体126的旋转量和旋转转矩设定得大。因此,能够增大端部执行器304以第二旋转轴Or为中心的翻滚动作的旋转动作量,且使其可靠地动作。
在作业部12b,以与上述作业部12a相同的理由,关于最前端部的驱动轴,尤其是为了使端部执行器304在翻滚轴方向(θROLL)动作±180°,需要也考虑了偏转轴动作范围(θYaw)+90°和俯仰轴动作范围(θPitch)±90°的θ2的动作范围,目前卷绕1.5圈是不够的,至少需要±360°,即卷绕两圈。在作业部12b,由于金属丝卷绕有2.5圈至3.5圈,因此,能够使端部执行器304在翻滚轴方向(θROLL)上获得±180°以上的动作范围。因此能够扩大翻滚轴的动作范围,能够将端部执行器304设定成任何姿势,从而操作性提高。
在采用上述的作业部12a等的情况下,为了得到大的把持力,配置在最前端的俯仰轴需要大的转矩,但在采用作业部12b那样的电手术刀的情况下,与俯仰轴相比,配置在最前端的翻滚轴不需要大的转矩。因此,通过使第二齿轮134的齿数≤第一齿轮118的齿数,能够使动作范围优先于转矩。通过这样,端部执行器304能够在翻滚轴方向得到更大的动作范围。
通过进一步扩大翻滚轴的动作范围,能够形成来自接近正反方向的方向的引导,因此,能够高效率地将端部执行器304的翻滚轴向所需的姿势引导,提高操作性。
下面参照图17和图18来说明第三实施方式的操纵装置10c。操纵装置10c与上述的操纵装置10a相比,是操作指示部14和连结部16相同并用作业部12c取代作业部12a的构成。
作业部12c具有金属丝从动部100、驱动机构部402以及端部执行器404。金属丝从动部100与作业部12a中的相同。
驱动机构部402具有设置在Z2方向的凸缘406、从该凸缘406向Z 1方向突出的带阶梯形状的筒体408、设置在Z2方向端部的同轴设置的两个平面齿轮410及412、由该平面齿轮410及412驱动的机件414及416。
平面齿轮410比凸缘406稍稍突出,与齿轮体130的第三齿轮138啮合。平面齿轮412具有比平面齿轮410小的直径且更突出地配置,并与齿轮体126的第二齿轮134啮合。
机件414及416位于对称位置,在各自Z1方向端面具有连杆支承部418,该机件414及416在平面齿轮410及412的旋转作用下,以筒体408为中心(即,以翻滚轴Or为中心)进行旋转。机件414及416通过规定的控制装置进行协调动作。
端部执行器404是由第一部件420和第二部件422构成的把持机构。第一部件420和第二部件422被可自由摆动地轴支承在各连杆支承部418上,并在Z1方向延伸,并且由大体中间的枢轴424可自由转动地轴支承。
在这样构成的作业部12c,通过使机件414及416协调动作,能够使端部执行器404以翻滚轴Or为中心旋转,或者能够使前端的夹持器426及428开合。即,通过使机件414及416以相同速度向相同方向移动,端部执行器404以翻滚轴Or为中心旋转。并且,通过使机件414及416向相互分离的方向动作,夹持器426及428向闭合方向动作,通过使机件414及416向相互接近的方向动作,夹持器426及428向打开方向动作。而且,还能够进行围绕翻滚轴Or的旋转和开合动作的组合。
并且,在作业部12c,与上述的作业部12a和12b相同,由于能够在筒体116上卷绕多圈金属丝56,因此,能够将机件414或416至少一方的动作范围设定得大。通过这样,能够大幅地打开端部执行器404,或能够将翻滚轴Or的动作范围设定得大。
而且,通过第一齿轮118和第二齿轮134的减速效应,转矩增大,从而能够牢固地闭合端部执行器404,以可靠地保持工具。
另外,能够容易理解该作业部12c通过改变夹持器426及428的形状、构成而能够构成剪、钳、镊、顶切钳等。
在齿轮的减速比大约为1的情况下,如果考虑偏转轴Oy、翻滚轴Or、俯仰轴的动作,则很难确保翻滚轴Or的动作区域在±180°左右以上,或在一定程度上确保翻滚轴的动作区域的基础上确保夹持器的开合角度。
以下就上述作业部12a、12b和12c中的金属丝从动部100的第一变形例以及第二变形例的金属丝从动部100a和100b进行说明。
如图19所示,第一变形例的金属丝从动部100a是加大轴110和轴112之间的间隔,并在其间设置中间轴500以及被轴支承在该中间轴500上的两个中间齿轮体502和504而成的。中间轴500与轴110和112平行,并被压入到设在轴孔60a和60b的连接线上的轴孔60c中。
中间齿轮体502具有筒体508和同心状地设置在该筒体508的上部的第一中间齿轮(第一旋转传递装置)510。筒体508的直径大于筒体116,小于筒体140。第一中间齿轮510在Z2方向端部与第一齿轮118啮合,在Z1方向端部与第二齿轮134啮合。将第一齿轮118、第一中间齿轮510和第二齿轮134设定成齿数依次增加,以提高减速效果。
中间齿轮体504具有筒体(中间筒体)512、同心状地设置在该筒体512的下部的第二中间齿轮(第二旋转传递装置)514。中间齿轮体504与中间齿轮体502的朝向相反,第二中间齿轮514在下方,筒体512的端面与筒体508的端面相对地配置。筒体512的高度高于筒体508,占据一对舌片部58的间隔H中的大部分。
第二中间齿轮514与第三齿轮(第二旋转传递装置)138啮合。将第三齿轮138的齿数设定成比第二中间齿轮514的齿数多,从而具有减速效果。金属丝54卷绕在筒体512上。
筒体512的直径大于筒体116,小于筒体140。更具体是,将筒体512的直径设定成比向筒体116的直径加上两条金属丝56而得的宽度稍大,俯视时金属丝54配置得比金属丝56稍靠外侧。并且,将筒体140的直径设定成比向筒体512的直径加上两条金属丝54而得的宽度稍大,俯视时金属丝52配置得比金属丝54稍靠外侧。
利用这样的金属丝从动部100a,与利用上述作业部12a、12b以及12c的情况相同,能够将金属丝多圈卷绕在筒体116上,从而能够扩大齿轮体126以及与该齿轮体126连动的端部执行器的动作范围。并且,具有利用第一齿轮118、第一中间齿轮510以及第二齿轮134产生的三级减速效果,从而能够获得可靠的动作。
而且,金属丝54不与Z2方向的筒体116和Z1方向的筒体140干涉,并且,俯视时不与金属丝52和金属丝56干涉,因此,能够在比较高的筒体512上卷绕更多圈(例如3.5圈以上)。因此,能够进一步扩大齿轮体130以及与该齿轮体130连动的端部执行器的动作范围。并且,能够获得利用第二中间齿轮514和第三齿轮138产生的减速效果。
如图20所示,第二变形例的金属丝从动部100b是使两个齿轮体600及602相反朝向地被轴110轴支承的结构。
齿轮体600相当于上述的齿轮体114,具有筒体604和同心状地设置在该筒体604的上部的第一齿轮606。第一齿轮606与上述的第一齿轮118的形状相同。筒体604与上述的筒体116的直径相同,高度大约是筒体116的一半。
齿轮体602与齿轮体600形状相同,但朝向相反地设置,具有相当于筒体604和第一齿轮606的筒体608和齿轮610。齿轮体602以使筒体608的端面与筒体604的端面相对的方式进行配置,金属丝54卷绕在筒体608上。齿轮610与第三齿轮138啮合。
通过这样的金属丝从动部100b,筒体604及608虽然是比上述的筒体116低的形状,但却有很多的富余卷绕金属丝56及金属丝54,例如,可卷绕2.5圈左右。因此,能够增大齿轮体126和130以及与该齿轮体126和130连动的端部执行器的动作范围。
齿轮体600和齿轮体602在同轴上相反朝向地配置,共用旋转轴的轴110,并且,作为从动旋转体的齿轮体126和齿轮体130在同轴上相反朝向地配置,共周旋转轴的轴112,因此结构简单。
另外,对于操纵装置10a~10c以及作业部12a~12c,是作为医疗用的装置进行说明的,但是其使用用途并不局限于此,例如,当然也能够适用于能源设备等的狭窄部的修补的用途、通过电通信手段等从离开患者的地方进行处置的远程作业机构。
本发明的作业机构以及操纵装置不局限于上述的实施方式,在不超出本发明宗旨的情况下,当然可以采用各种构成。

Claims (8)

1.一种作业机构,其特征在于,具有:
第一挠性动力传递部件(56);
第一筒体(116),其卷绕有所述第一挠性动力传递部件(56),并可旋转地设置;
第二挠性动力传递部件(52),其以与所述第一挠性动力传递部件(56)大体平行且夹着所述第一筒体(116)的方式延伸;
第二筒体(140),其以旋转轴与所述第一筒体(116)大体平行的方式设置,并卷绕有所述第二挠性动力传递部件(52),且所述第二筒体的旋转轴与所述第一筒体相比位于作业机构的前端;
从动旋转体(126),其以旋转轴与所述第一筒体(116)大体平行的方式设置;
第一旋转传递机构(510),其将所述第一筒体(116)的旋转传递到所述从动旋转体(126);
第一作用部(212),其与所述从动旋转体(126)的旋转连动地动作;和
第二作用部(102、104),其与所述第二筒体(140)的旋转连动地动作。
2.如权利要求1所述的作业机构,其特征在于,
所述旋转传递机构是齿轮对。
3.如权利要求1所述的作业机构,其特征在于,
将所述第二筒体(140)的直径设定成大于等于在所述第一筒体(116)的直径上加上两条所述第一挠性动力传递部件(56)的直径而得到的宽度。
4.如权利要求1所述的作业机构,其特征在于,
分别设置多个所述第一挠性动力传递部件(56)和所述从动旋转体(126),
具有:配置在所述第一筒体(116)和所述第二筒体(140)之间的中间筒体(512);和
将所述中间筒体(512)的旋转传递到所述从动旋转体(126)的第二旋转传递机构(138),
所述多个第一挠性动力传递部件(56)中的一根卷绕在所述中间筒体(512)上。
5.如权利要求1所述的作业机构,其特征在于,
所述第一挠性动力传递部件(56)、所述第一筒体(116)和所述从动旋转体(126)各设置有两个,
两个所述第一筒体(116)在同轴上相反朝向地配置,
两个所述从动旋转体(126)在同轴上相反朝向地配置。
6.如权利要求1所述的作业机构,其特征在于,
所述第二筒体(140)和所述从动旋转体(126)配置在同轴上。
7.如权利要求1所述的作业机构,其特征在于,
具有:设置在所述从动旋转体(126)上的连接部驱动齿轮(118)、
从所述第二筒体(140)延伸的支承杆(144)、
与所述支承杆(144)连接的端部执行器(104)、以及
设置在所述端部执行器(104)上并与所述连接部驱动齿轮(118)啮合的连接部从动齿轮(174),
在所述第一挠性动力传递部件(56)的循环旋转作用下,所述第一筒体(116)通过所述从动旋转体(126)、所述连接部驱动齿轮(118)以及连接部从动齿轮(174)使所述端部执行器(104)的至少一个关节动作,
在所述第二挠性动力传递部件(52)的循环旋转作用下,所述第二筒体(140)使所述端部执行器(104)在偏转方向摆动。
8.一种操纵装置,其特征在于,具有:
第一输入部(32)及第二输入部(34);
第一旋转源及第二旋转源,其根据所述第一输入部(32)及第二输入部(34)的操作而旋转;
第一挠性动力传递部件(56),其后方部卷绕在所述第一旋转源上,其前方部多圈卷绕在第一筒体(116)上;
第二挠性动力传递部件(52),其与所述第一挠性动力传递部件(56)大体平行,且经过所述第一旋转源的两侧方而向前方延伸,所述第二挠性动力传递部件(52)的后方部卷绕在所述第二旋转源上,并卷绕在比所述第一筒体(116)靠前方的第二筒体(140)上;
从动旋转体(126),其比所述第一筒体(116)靠前方,并以旋转轴与所述第一筒体(116)大体平行的方式进行设置;
旋转传递机构,其将所述第一筒体(116)的旋转传递到所述从动旋转体(126);
第一作用部(212),其与所述从动旋转体(126)的旋转连动地动作;和
第二作用部(102、104),其与所述第二筒体(140)的旋转连动地动作。
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