CN100576994C - Yam hardground oblique pond planting method - Google Patents
Yam hardground oblique pond planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100576994C CN100576994C CN200710066171A CN200710066171A CN100576994C CN 100576994 C CN100576994 C CN 100576994C CN 200710066171 A CN200710066171 A CN 200710066171A CN 200710066171 A CN200710066171 A CN 200710066171A CN 100576994 C CN100576994 C CN 100576994C
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Abstract
The invention relates to a yam planting method, belonging to planting technical field. Firstly, the planting filed is dug into a plurality of cuboid shallow ponds which are one to one point five meters in length, zero point six to one point one meters in width, zero point fifteen to zero point three meters in depth and are ten to forty five DEG C of including angle between the bottom and the level. The reproduction material is arranged at the higher end of the pond bottom every five to ten centimeters for one yam. The ponds are added with fertilizer of eight to twenty centimeters in depth. The other layer of dry weed or straw of four to six centimeters in depth is covered and finally a layer of earth of three to seven centimeters in depth is covered on the top; during yam growing period, steps such as building frame in the field, spraying fertilizer, water permeation, insects preventing and curing and weeding, are followed. Through the yam planting method, the yam is cultivated with a high tuber production, good appearance, low damage rate and convenient picking. The method does not rely on special tools, is easy for picking and needs low yam planting cost. The invention brings convenience to yam promotion and planting in big scale and creates a new approach to the development of yam planting.
Description
One, technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of yam planting method, belong to the planting technology field.
Two, technical background:
Chinese yam is the Dioscoreaceae yam, its underground stem tuber dietotherapeutic that expands, contain mineral elements such as abundant starch, vitamin, protamine, smart powder enzyme and phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, potassium, mouthfeel is good, is to suit the taste of both old and young, hundred eat the nutrient excellent product of not minding.China tradition traditional Chinese medical science thinks that the flat flavor of Chinese yam property is sweet, goes into lung, spleen, stomach, and functions such as invigorating the spleen, kidney tonifying, beneficial essence are arranged, and is weakness of the spleen and the stomach to person in middle and old age, lose the appetite, cough that to breathe heavily phlegm many, and diabetes, constipation all has certain curative effect, is a kind of rare tonic.Chinese yam is the main component of multiple Chinese patent drugs such as ginseng Siberian cocklebur bighead atractylodes rhizome ball, Yougui Wan, the kidney-Yang-Reinforcing Bolus, the Pill of Anemarrhena, Phellodendrom and Rehmannia, Liuwei Dihuang Wan.Along with the international status of the traditional Chinese medical science improves constantly, the continuous research of Chinese patent drug new drug is released, and the demand of Chinese yam dry plate and yam flour will constantly increase.On the other hand, living standards of the people improve constantly, and common people's self health consciousness also constantly strengthens, and common people are also in rising trend to the daily demand of Chinese yam.Therefore, the market prospects of Chinese yam are very wide.
The Chinese yam stem tuber gos deep into soil and can reach more than 1 meter, the quality fragility, and the very effort, consuming time of gathering, also very easily damage, therefore, the new kind method for planting of research Chinese yam so that stem tuber is gathered, reduces production costs, and is the important topic in the yam planting field always.Domestic and international professional plant personnel is constantly improved its kind method for planting, invented the sleeve pipe cultivation as the Japanese, but need make special-purpose PVC sleeve pipe in this way, and because sleeve pipe has limited the absorption of root system to nutrient and water, the Chinese yam stem tuber that this method is planted is less, in China's wide popularization and application of failing.Some professional and technical personnel of China have have also researched and developed some new methods, to simplification certain effect of gathering, but the part that all still comes with some shortcomings." hole type yam cultivation method " (publication number: CN1799304) as the Liang Defu invention, adopt this method cultivation Chinese yam, need when punching, to put into mulch film for each hole, the existence of a large amount of mulch film fragments in field, can increase the possibility that mulch film brings " white pollution " undoubtedly, and need to make special-purpose puncher, more inconvenient is to plant every strain Chinese yam punching also gravy jobs absolutely not more than 1 meter." Chinese yam easily overturn fiberglass cultivating groove cultivation " (publication number: CN1554221) of people such as Liang Defu invention, though can effectively reduce the labour intensity of the Chinese yam of gathering, but produce this special fiberglass cultivating groove cost height, and this special device inconvenience is put in unserviced field, so the also inconvenient large scale application of this method.Tan Youcan etc. have reported " cultivation of Chinese yam cellar for storing things formula " (northwest gardening, 2004 the 1st phase 21-22 pages or leaves), and gather also more traditional planting method of this method is convenient, but it is big to build the cellar for storing things investment, and the personnel of gathering need go into the cellar for storing things and gather when gathering, and bigger potential safety hazard is arranged.In addition, model has been reported " two born of the same parents do not have frame Chinese yam ditch cellar for storing things culture technique " (agricultural science and technology and information, 2002 the 9th phase 11-12 pages or leaves) second month in a season earlier, and the method for operating that people such as this method and Tan Youcan report is similar with effect, has also had same weak point.In a word, present known kind of method for planting needs special planting tool, equipment, plant preceding punching or build cellar for storing things labour intensity big, make the cost height of specific purpose tool, equipment, labour cost also fails to reduce largely, what some planted method for planting also uses mulch film (using mulch film as " hole type yam cultivation method " punching place), and a large amount of mulch film fragments in field are easy-clear not, easily causes the field environmental pollution.
Three, summary of the invention
1, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of yam planting method, by doing the pool, plantation, built, steps such as cultivation management cultivate a kind of stem tuber output height, outward appearance is good, breakage rate is low, the Chinese yam easily of gathering.This method does not rely on special tool(s), does not increase preceding the working of plantation wholely, and the difficulty of gathering is low, and the yam planting cost is low, for the plant production development of Chinese yam has been opened up a new way.
2, technical scheme: the present invention finishes by following steps.
(1) does the pool: the plantation field is scraped out a plurality of long 1.0-1.5 rice, wide 0.6-1.1 rice, dark 0.15-0.3 rice, the bottom surface shallow pool of cuboid horizontal by 10-45 degree angle, pool spacing 0.2-0.3 rice.After the pool is dug, bottom surface, the pool and wall coat cement mortar or with article pads such as cement plate, slabstone or polypropylene press mold woven bags in the pool, the inconvenience of deep layer earth is gathered in case the Chinese yam stem tuber is grown into.
(2) plantation: when spring, the Chinese yam propagating materials began rudiment, put propagating materials higher end at the bottom of the pool by the distance of 5-10 centimetre of 1 strain, the fertilizer that adds the 8-20 cm thick in the pool, lid layer 4-6 centimetre of dried weeds or straw again cover at last one deck soil of 3-7 cm thick in the above.But the epimere of propagating materials Chinese yam stem tuber (being commonly called as Chinese yam young plant, Chinese yam odd amount in addition to the round number or bud mouthpiece), stem tuber segment or bulbil (being commonly called as bulbil).The big I of Chinese yam young plant and stem tuber segment is referring to general cultivation method.Fertilizer is one or more in ash, farmyard manure, general calcium, composite fertilizer and the earth mixtures, and the amount of application of fertilizer is decided according to local soil fertility, can be referring to general cultivation method.When not possessing dried weeds or straw and soil when very loose, can not add a cover dried weeds or straw.The plantation finish water permeable.When angle between bottom surface and horizontal plane is spent greater than 30, be placed on plantation surface, the pool with slabstone or cement plate, anti-water and soil runs off.
(3) built: built is for the climing climbing of stem.The built mode can directly insert in the bamboo bar on the low bank of earth between fields at the medicine one end side of a pond by the plantation mountain; Also can take a crossbeam at two intercolumniations every the upright high pillar of about 1.5-2 rice of 3-4 rice on the low bank of earth between fields, then bamboo bar one end that is about 4-5 rice is put in pool face, an end is tiltedly taken on crossbeam.
(4) cultivation management: topdress, work such as the control of permeable, damage by disease and insect and weeding are with general cultivation method, but on the ridge, walk when noting farm work, do not trample in the pool, in order to avoid the Chinese yam stem tuber is undermined soil compaction.
(5) gather: after climing the withering of Chinese yam terrestrial stem in autumn, it is climing to cut off stem, behind cleaning above-ground plant parts and the support, behind little trench-hoe desurfacing soil, removes straw covering and clay fertilizer mixture successively, can see that the Chinese yam stem tuber is tiled at the bottom of the pool, can gather in the crops.
3, compare the advantage that this invention has with known technology:
(1) gather conveniently, it is low greatly to reduce planting cost.Stop the Chinese yam stem tuber deep soil of vertically growing at the bottom of the hard pool, changed the direction of growth of Chinese yam stem tuber, the Chinese yam stem tuber only can be along pool bottom growth, therefore only need dig out when gathering in the plantation pool behind more shallow one deck soil, can see the Chinese yam stem tuber of proper alignment in the pool, it is convenient and swift to gather, and the Chinese yam that digs the oblique pool, a hard end per capita only needs 5-10 minute, in the conventional method plantation, dig a considerable amount of Chinese yams and need 1-1.5 hour at least, so efficient has improved more than ten times.
(2) Chinese yam stem tuber output height, outward appearance is good, breakage rate is low.Because stem tuber is distributed in the high soil layer of soil fertility, the root system of being longer than the stem tuber bottom also is easy to absorb moisture and nutrition, stem tuber hypertrophy, output height; Loosing soil in the zone of stem tuber growth does not have the mechanical resistance that causes than hard clod and exists, and lopsided stem tuber is few; The Chinese yam stem tuber that forms is distributed in more shallow soil layer, very easily the Chinese yam stem tuber is dug out, so Chinese yam stem tuber breakage rate is extremely low.
(3) do not need the special special-purpose tool of production.From digging the pool whole process of gathering to the end, light instruments such as trench-hoe that need common peasant household to have only.
(4) digging the production of hybrid seeds plants the pool, plantation and recovery process and is Ground Operation, no potential safety hazard.With this method cultivation Chinese yam, gather to the end from digging the pool, be Ground Operation, need need not dig the dark cellar of 1.5-1.7 rice as cellar for storing things formula cultivation, the personnel of gathering will arrive operation in the cellar, and the method does not have the hidden danger that sub-terrain operations is brought.
Four, embodiment
Example 1:2005 will press down one slope, leading village in the Huaping County honor of Lijiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province and build 60 on the pool January, the pool is dug in specification backguy by long 1.5 meters of every pool, 0.3 meter of wide 1.1 meters, pool spacing, dig dark 0.2 meter of the pool, bottom surface, the pool is scraped out the inclined-planes that become 20 degree with horizontal plane, smear at the bottom of the pool and wall with cement mortar then.March 10 then, with the Da Ye Chinese yam is the test material, when 5-7 centimetre of Chinese yam young plant rudiment, the Chinese yam young plant is planted an end higher in the pool by the distance of 10 centimetres of spacing in the rows, cover 10 cm thicks then and be mixed with the soil (consumption of ash, cow dung, general calcium and composite fertilizer be respectively 0.5 kilogram on every pool, 2 kilograms, 0.2 kilogram and 0.3 kilogram) of ash, cow dung, general calcium, composite fertilizer, cover one deck Eupatorium adenophorum hay of 5 cm thicks again, cover at last 5 cm thicks one deck soil.The plantation finish water permeable.Watered 20% clear liquid dung on April 16 once.April 18, every 4 meters upright high columns of 1.5 meters, long 4 meters crossbeam on two root post tip shelfs was put in pool face with long 5 meters long bamboo bar one ends on the ridge, and an end is tiltedly taken the support of doing the climing climbing of Chinese yam stem on crossbeam.The not generation damage by disease and insect of Chinese yam growing period, rainfall is plentiful, not pesticide and water weeding 2 times.November 13, terrestrial stem climing withered after, it is climing to cut off stem, cleaning bamboo bar excavates pool soil, results Chinese yam stem tuber.Climingly amount to 9 man-hours from cutting, add up to every mu to gather, per hour can dig 181 kilograms per capita with 44 man-hours to from the pool, taking out the Chinese yam stem tuber.Long 0.91 meter of average each stem tuber of the Chinese yam stem tuber of receiving, weigh 2.48 kilograms, add up to more than 8000 kilogram of every per mu yield.The Chinese yam breakage rate and the abnormal rate of gathering are respectively 3% and 2%.
Example 2:2006 builds 30 on the pool in one slope, Xin Zhuan village, the Huaping County Xin Zhuan of Lijiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province township January, the pool is dug in specification backguy by long 1.5 meters of every pool, 0.2 meter of wide 0.6 meter, pool spacing, dark 0.2 meter of the pool, bottom surface, the pool is scraped out the inclined-planes that become 45 degree with horizontal plane, smear at the bottom of the pool and wall with cement mortar then.With the Da Ye Chinese yam is the test material, March 18 then, when 10 centimetres of Chinese yam young plant rudiments, the Chinese yam young plant is by the higher end in the distance plantation pool of 10 centimetres of spacing in the rows, and lid completely is mixed with the soil (consumption of ash, sheep excrement and cow dung, general calcium, composite fertilizer be respectively 0.3 kilogram on every pool, 2.5 kilograms, 0.2 kilogram and 0.3 kilogram) that ash, sheep excrement and cow dung account for the farmyard manure of half, general calcium, composite fertilizer.At last 15 plantation pools wherein with slabstone lid surface, the pool, 15 plantation pools are with cement plate lid surface, the pool, in case the gradient is big, water and soil loss.Watered 10% clear liquid dung on April 20, and be that the bamboo bar of slotting 3 meters long of every strain Chinese yam is for the climing climbing of stem on the ridge of an end near the plantation Chinese yam.The not generation damage by disease and insect of Chinese yam growing period, rainfall is plentiful, not pesticide and watering.December 18 gathered, and is climing to take out the Chinese yam stem tuber from the pool from cutting, and altogether with 4 man-hours, adds up to every mu to gather with 61 man-hours.Long 0.74 meter of the average every stem tuber of the Chinese yam stem tuber of receiving, weigh 1.98 kilograms, add up to more than 6500 kilogram of every per mu yield.On average per hour can dig 106 kilograms.The Chinese yam breakage rate and the abnormal rate of gathering are respectively 3% and 4%.
Example 3:2006 selected smooth nonirrigated farmland to dig 20 on the pool in the farm in Kunming, the Yunnan Province north suburb Yunnan Prov Agriculture University April 8 in the school, the pool is dug in specification backguy by long 1.0 meters of every pool, 0.2 meter of wide 0.6 meter, pool spacing, dark 0.15 meter of the pool, bottom surface, the pool scrapes out horizontal by the angle of 15 degree, waste and old polypropylene press mold woven bag at the bottom of the pool and on the wall pad.The same day, the leaflet Chinese yam bulbil of rudiment is pressed the interval of per 5 centimetre of one strain, plant a higher end in the plantation pool, be tiled in the pool with the soil (every pool consumption of pig manure, general calcium, composite fertilizer is respectively 1.5 kilograms, 0.3 kilogram and 0.2 kilogram) that is mixed with pig manure, general calcium, composite fertilizer then, thickness is 8 centimetres, cover one deck dry rice straw of 4 cm thicks again, cover at last 3 cm thicks one deck soil.Plantation finishes and waters permeablely, respectively waters once on April 23 and May 6.The not generation damage by disease and insect of Chinese yam growing period, pesticide not, weeding 3 times.December 7 gathered, and is climing to take out the Chinese yam stem tuber from the pool from cutting, and altogether with 2.4 man-hours, adds up to every mu to gather with 81 man-hours.On average long 0.24 meter of the Chinese yam stem tuber of receiving, weigh 0.31 kilogram, add up to more than 2900 kilogram of every per mu yield.On average per hour can dig 36 kilograms.Chinese yam breakage rate of gathering and abnormal rate are 2%.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of Yam hardground oblique pond planting method, its cultivation step comprises to be made the pool, plantation, built, cultivation management, gathers, and it is characterized in that:
1), described is that the plantation field is scraped out a plurality of long 1.0-1.5 rice, wide 0.6-1.1 rice, dark 0.15-0.3 rice, the bottom surface shallow pool of cuboid horizontal by 10-45 degree angle as the pool, pool spacing 0.2-0.3 rice, after the pool was dug, bottom surface, the pool and wall were coated cement mortar or with a kind of the pad in the pool in cement plate, slabstone, the polypropylene press mold woven bag;
2), described plantation is when spring, the Chinese yam propagating materials began rudiment, put propagating materials higher end at the bottom of the pool by the distance of 5-10 centimetre of 1 strain, the fertilizer that adds the 8-20 cm thick in the pool, lid layer 4-6 centimetre of dried weeds or straw again cover at last one deck soil of 3-7 cm thick in the above.
2, Yam hardground oblique pond planting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described propagating materials is that the epimere of Chinese yam stem tuber is that Chinese yam young plant, Chinese yam odd amount in addition to the round number or bud mouthpiece and stem tuber segment or bulbil are bulbil.
3, Yam hardground oblique pond planting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fertilizer is the soil that is mixed with ash, farmyard manure, general calcium, composite fertilizer, or is mixed with the soil of farmyard manure, general calcium, composite fertilizer.
4, Yam hardground oblique pond planting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the built mode is that the bamboo bar is directly inserted in by founding the pillar that 1.5-2 rice is high every 3-4 rice on the low bank of earth between fields at the plantation Chinese yam one end side of a pond or on the low bank of earth between fields, take a crossbeam at two intercolumniations, then bamboo bar one end of long 4-5 rice is put in pool face, an end is tiltedly taken on crossbeam.
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| CN200710066171A CN100576994C (en) | 2007-09-10 | 2007-09-10 | Yam hardground oblique pond planting method |
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| CN100576994C true CN100576994C (en) | 2010-01-06 |
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Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101595797A (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2009-12-09 | 方孙调 | A kind of standardized planting method for common yam rhizome |
| CN103229694B (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2014-12-17 | 兰州大学 | Method for improving survival rate of trees in planting stage in arid areas |
| CN103210783B (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2015-03-11 | 攀枝花愚公农业开发有限公司 | Dioscorea opposita planting method |
| CN103392474A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2013-11-20 | 李宏江 | Novel planting method and planting device for purple yams and iron yams |
| CN103563625A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-02-12 | 杨树东 | Method for cultivating Chinese yams in no-tillage tuberization manner |
| CN103907457B (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2018-04-10 | 邹光旭 | Chinese yam convenient type cultivation technique |
| CN104303753B (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2016-05-25 | 范茂瑄 | A kind of hanging type Chang Mount medicine cultural method |
| CN104541922A (en) * | 2015-01-31 | 2015-04-29 | 通化师范学院 | Cultivation method of kidney-shaped Chinese yam |
| CN105340508B (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2018-04-13 | 临江市旗舰农业科技有限公司 | The method of soil preparation and method for planting of a kind of Chinese yam |
| CN105379526B (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2018-12-28 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Chinese yam is no-tillage ecological cultivation method |
| CN105612899B (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2018-07-13 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of alternative of sweet potato field fertilizer experiment |
| CN111011137A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-17 | 长江大学 | Chinese yam complementary part inclined plane seedling raising method |
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2007
- 2007-09-10 CN CN200710066171A patent/CN100576994C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| 山药机械挖沟栽培及配套技术. 黄文华.中国蔬菜，第1期. 1999 |
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