CN100506305C - 包括针保护设备的注射装置 - Google Patents
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- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/178—Syringes
- A61M5/31—Details
- A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
- A61M5/3202—Devices for protection of the needle before use, e.g. caps
Abstract
一种用于活性物质的容器(50),其连接到注射针(37)并且容纳在滑动套管(21)中,所述滑动套管依靠驱动力布置在外壳(16)中。套管状针保护设备(17)可以依靠弹簧(18)的力布置在外壳(16)中,从而当注射针(37)从身体组织撤回时,所述针保护设备(17)向前滑动并且在轴向方向从注射针(37)突出。锁定机构(35,38)防止针保护设备(17)能够手动地被向后推动。所述锁定机构(35,38)有效地位于针保护设备(17)和滑动套管(21)之间,并且当滑动套管(21)至少在接近其收缩位置后部时,锁定机构自动地停止。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及用于注射活性物质的装置,其具有注射针,外壳,用于活性物质的容器,可移动地位于容器中以用于推注活性剂的注射活塞,相对于外壳可移动的针保护设备。
发明内容
本发明的主要任务在使用注射装置之后保护人员免受注射针的意外伤害。针保护装置的副效应更多地在于使患者免于注视注射针头,注视针头让许多人感到不适。所述类型的针保护设备关于手动注射器和所谓的自动注射器具有多种公知的形式。文献WO09714455公开了一种自动注射器,其具有可移动地位于外壳中的针保护套管,所述套管在注射期间抵靠在患者的皮肤上并且被弹簧预加应力,从而当撤回自动注射器时,针保护套管相对于自动注射器被向前推动并且覆盖注射针。在针保护套管和外壳之间可操作的锁定机构保证了针保护机构不能再次被向后推动,因此不会由注射针产生意外伤害。用于取消锁定的机构未在该文献中公开。
本发明的任务是提供一种在开始部分所述的类型的结构简单且功能可靠的装置。
根据本发明,该任务通过这样的方式实现,即,在注射针刺入皮肤期间,针保护设备保持在相对于外壳基本恒定的位置并且在该过程中弹簧元件被加压,当从皮肤移去所述注射针时,所述弹簧元件将所述针保护设备向前推动到包围所述针的位置。
本发明的一个特定的实施例的特征在于所述容器容纳在滑动套管中,在刺入皮肤期间所述滑动套管在外壳中从收缩位置移动到前进位置,在其前进位置所述针保护设备自动地被锁定机构锁定,所述锁定机构布置和设计成当所述针保护设备和所述滑动套管位于它们的前进位置时,使得它们可操作地位于所述针保护设备和所述滑动套管之间,具有用于解开所述锁定机构的机构,当所述滑动套管至少在接近其收缩位置时所述解开机构可操作。因此所述针保护设备不像该类型的许多公知的设备那样锁靠在外壳上,而是滑动套管和用于解开锁定机构的机构仅仅在滑动套管至少在接近其收缩位置时可操作。这具有重要的优点,其在于当锁定机构被解开时注射针已经位于外壳内。因此,在自动注射器的任何操作状态下都能保证注射针不会被意外地接触。
根据本发明的进一步的实施例,所述锁定机构具有至少一个弹性舌状件,所述弹性舌状件布置在所述滑动套管上并且被基本轴向的定向,在松弛状态的所述弹性舌状件与所述针保护设备的一个区域形成轴向止动器,所述用于解开锁定机构的机构具有布置在外壳中的向内突出的凸出,在所述滑动套管的收缩位置所述凸出以径向向内的方式挤压所述弹性舌状件,使得包含所述弹性舌状件的所述滑动套管部分可以滑入到所述针保护设备的所述区域中。通过这些措施,可以简单地和高成本效益地实现自动注射器,而且只需要较短的结构长度。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,具有弹簧元件,所述弹簧元件将所述针保护设备挤压到其前进位置,并且当滑动套管移动到其前进位置时所述弹簧元件受到所述滑动套管的施压。这具有的优点在于在理想方式中,如果没有刺入针,针保护设备不会在患者的皮肤方向被推动。
本发明的进一步的实施例提供了传送机构,当所述滑动套管从其前进位置被引导到收缩位置时,该传送机构使所述针保护设备由所述滑动套管带动。通过该机构所获得的效果是,当发生解锁之后不再需要手动地将针保护设备推回到外壳中。另外,如果提供了复位弹簧,该复位弹簧沿收缩位置的方向用复位力作用在滑动套管上,那么当驱动力停止时滑动套管和针保护设备都自动地呈收缩开始位置。
附图说明
在下面,参考附图以举例的方式具体描述了本发明的典型实施例,其中:
图1显示了在装载状态下的本发明的自动注射器的一个实施例的纵向剖面;
图2显示了插入注射针和推注药物之后的同一自动注射器的纵向剖面,该剖面相对于图1的剖面旋转了90°;
图3显示了撤回注射针之后的同一自动注射器的纵向剖面,该剖面通过与图1相同的平面获得;
图4显示了注射器恢复到开始位置之后之后的自动注射器的前部的纵向剖面,该剖面通过与图1相同的平面获得。
具体实施方式
自动注射器由两个主要部件组成,即在图中的左边示出的容纳加载的注射器50的容器部分,和在图中右边示出的动力单元,其中安装了用于自动插入和推注注射器50的部分。这两个主要部件可拆卸地通过接纳套管16和动力套管1之间的插接式连接互相连接。在下面的描述中,注射针37所在的自动注射器的一侧表示前方。
借助于图1,其中该图显示了操作就绪的自动注射器,现在首先描述动力单元。用于驱动自动注射器的部分容纳在握持套管14中,在该握持套管的后端连接了指示器窗口51。指示器窗口51例如由透明或半透明材料制造,从而允许从外部观察可移动地容纳在指示器窗口51中的指示器12。指示器12允许用户注视药物的推注过程。启动钮13布置在自动注射器的后端,该启动钮在其后侧表面上具有覆盖片15。动力套管1容纳在握持套管14内。在其后端,动力套管1通过咬合连接连接到止动套管8。部分止动套管8在其内部可移动地容纳有弹簧套管10。弹簧套管10通过咬合连接在后端连接到指示器12。在弹簧套管10的前侧,传递部分5可移动地支撑在动力套管1中。传递部分5的任务是启动注射器50的活塞52以便推注注射器中的物质,这将在随后进行具体描述。弹簧9在张紧状态下容纳在弹簧套管10内,该弹簧的前端依靠着弹簧套管10并且后端抵靠着止动套管8。同样地处于张紧状态的第二弹簧11位于弹簧套管10的外部上,并且前端依靠着传递部分5而后端抵靠着弹簧套管10。
将被称为活塞导向装置4的部分定位成用其前端,即套管状开缝端部4′抵靠注射器50的台肩,并且该活塞导向装置通过传递部分5,弹簧套管10,和止动套管8延伸到启动钮13的区域中。通过弹簧7向前对活塞导向装置4预加应力,所述弹簧7的后端抵靠在止动套管8上。在其后端,活塞导向装置4由形成于止动套管8上的两个止动片31保持在图1所示的位置,所述止动片啮合形成于活塞导向装置4的后端上的凹槽32。诸如球状件6(仅在图2中可见)的止动元件容纳在活塞导向装置4的径向开口33中并且啮合传递部分5中的凹窝34,所述止动件保证在该操作位置传递部分5和活塞导向装置4仅仅能够共同移动。代替球状件6,其它元件止也可以用作止动元件,例如销。
下面进行容器部分的描述。如所述的,用于容纳注射器50的部分放置在接纳套管16中,如所述的,该接纳套管可连接到动力套管1。滑动套管21随着持针器22的插入自身容纳注射器50(图2)。在使用路厄滑动联接器的情况下,持针器22保证了只要注射器位于自动注射器中,注射针37就不能脱离注射器。持针器22朝前抵靠在连接到滑动套管21的支撑环24上。在注射器和针具有路厄锁定联接器的情况下,注射针因此通过螺纹连接到注射器,不使用持针器22。滑动套管21可移动地位于外壳16中并且被弹簧20压入到图1所示的操作位置。为了该目的,在图1的操作位置中处于其仅有稍微预应力的状态的弹簧20,在前端自身支撑在外壳16的圆周内台阶39上,而后端支撑在滑动套管21的向外突出的边缘上。套管状针保护设备17可移动地位于外壳16内。该针保护设备17前端由扣盖23封闭,该扣盖留下了用于注射针37通过的开口,其后端具有向内突出的凸缘35。弹簧18前端支撑在扣盖23上并且后端支撑在垫圈19上,在图1的操作位置,该垫圈部分地支撑在凸缘35上。因此,在图1的操作位置,其中弹簧18仅仅稍微预加应力,该弹簧不具有效果,这是因为它的残余预应力被针保护设备17吸收。在触发注射之前,必须解锁自动注射器。为了该目的,启动钮13向后移动。在该过程中,在启动钮13的前边缘,指示器窗口51的一个区域打开,在其内部显眼着色的警告套管可见,并清楚地指示自动注射器现在未锁定并且准备注射。随着解锁运动,在启动钮13的覆盖片15的内部上形成的舌状件36在形成于止动套管上的止动片31上滑动。所述舌状件36和止动片31这样定形,使得舌状件36在止动片31上滑动的同时在径向方向产生弹性,所述止动片31通过啮合上述的凹槽32快速保持活塞导向装置4。解锁运动之后,形成于启动钮13上的舌状件36以楔的形式位于止动片31之间。
现在自动注射器已准备好注射并且与扣盖23一起放置在患者皮肤上的期望位置。由于针保护设备17在外壳16中具有轴隙,因此当靠着皮肤放置时它向后移动,直到凸缘35抵靠在台阶39上。患者在握持套管14处紧握自动注射器并且向前移动启动钮13,即,沿着他或她的身体方向。在该触发运动中,舌状件36在止动片31之间挤压,并且在径向上使这些止动片分开,由此活塞导向装置4被释放,并且通过弹簧7的力向前推进。该插入动作也得到作用于传递部分5上的弹簧9和11的力的支持。由于传递部分5通过球状件6连接到活塞导向装置4,因此存在一个由弹簧7,9和11组成的弹簧系统,其具有较高的初始力,该力导致注射针可靠地前进到完全刺入深度。弹簧的力也通过活塞导向装置4的开缝套管状前端4′传递到注射器50的台肩上并且向前推动该台肩,以及注射器容纳在其中的滑动套管21,从而注射针37前进并且刺入患者皮肤。在该情况下,滑动套管21的前端移动到针保护设备17中,并且带有位于其弹性舌状件上并因而对弹簧18加压的垫圈19。随着该插入运动,滑动套管21也压缩弹簧20。插入冲程通过将活塞导向装置4的台肩40邻接抵靠在动力套管1的内台阶41上而被限制。在该终点位置,接收球状件6的活塞导向装置4中的开口33与设在动力套管1中的凹窝42对准,球状件6能够释放到外部,将活塞导向装置4和传递部分5之间的连接取消。同时,活塞导向装置4现在与动力套管1锁靠在一起,从而弹簧20的力被动力套管接收,因此不会抵消弹簧7的力。现在能够自动开始注射,由于注射器的活塞杆52在弹簧11和9的力之下由传递部分5进一步向前推动,因此注射器50中所含的药物被推注。图2显示了刚才所述的自动注射器的操作状态,其中药物已经被完全推注,这可以在图中通过注射器50的活塞杆的位置被看到。用户可以通过指示器12在指示器窗口51中的位置而清楚地识别该操作状态。患者的身体组织用附图标记57表示,注射器37仍然插入在该身体组织中。
从图2所示的操作位置开始,用户可以撤回自动注射器,然后该自动注射器转换到图3所示的操作位置。如所述的,在插入过程中被预加应力的弹簧18保证了针保护设备17在自动注射器撤回期间仍然与患者皮肤保持接触。因此,在注射针37撤回期间,针保护设备17相对于外壳和滑动套管21向前移动,直到它完全覆盖注射针37。弹性舌状件38在针保护设备17的凸缘35后面快速脱离并且保证针保护设备17不能被推回到接收套管16中,这可以在图3中清楚地看到。通过该机构,注射针引起的任何进一步的意外伤害得以避免。小钩58(图2)形成于滑动套管21的前端,针保护设备17的凸缘35抵靠在该小钩58上,阻止针保护设备17向前脱离外壳16。如果有人试图将针保护设备17向后推入外壳16中,例如通过扣盖23上的压力,这种情况由于以下的方式而被阻止,即该压力通过弹性舌状件38传递到滑动套管21,从滑动套管传递到注射器50,并从注射器传递到活塞导向装置4。如所述的,后者被球状件16锁定到动力套管1,从而即使用很大的力,针保护设备17也不会被推回到外壳16中。结果,当成功地注射之后,能可靠防止操作自动注射器的人员再次被注射针37意外地伤害。
为了准备自动注射器的另一次使用,外壳16和动力套管1通过插接式连接的解开而互相分离。通过该操作,弹簧9和11通过传递部分5施加在注射器50的活塞杆52上的力以及弹簧7通过活塞导向装置4施加在注射器50的台肩上的力被消除,从而在插入期间被张紧的弹簧20现在相对于外壳16将滑动套管21推回到其向后的终点位置。在该过程中,滑动套管21通过其钩58也带动针保护设备17。图4显示了处于该操作位置的容器部分,其中用过的注射器50现在可以被移走并用新的注射器取代。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于注射活性物质的设备,其具有通过插入运动可前进以穿刺皮肤的注射针(37),外壳(16),用于活性物质的容器(50),可移动地位于容器(50)中以用于推注活性物质的注射器活塞(52),和相对于外壳可移动的针保护设备(17),其特征在于:在注射针(37)的插入运动期间,针保护设备(17)保持在相对于外壳(16)的基本恒定的位置,其中通过所述插入运动弹簧元件(18)被加压,当从皮肤移去所述注射针(37)后,所述弹簧元件将所述针保护设备(17)向前推动到包围所述针的位置。
2.根据权利要求1的设备,其特征在于:所述容器(50)容纳在滑动套管(21)中,在插入运动期间,所述滑动套管在外壳(16)中从收缩位置移动到前进位置,在其前进位置所述针保护设备(17)自动地被锁定机构锁定,将所述锁定机构布置和设计成当所述针保护设备(17)和所述滑动套管(21)位于它们的前进位置时,可操作地位于所述针保护设备(17)和所述滑动套管(21)之间,具有用于解开所述锁定机构的机构(39),当所述滑动套管(21)至少在接近其收缩位置时,所述解开机构可操作。
3.根据权利要求2的设备,其特征在于:所述锁定机构具有至少一个弹性舌状件(38),所述弹性舌状件布置在所述滑动套管(21)上并且被基本轴向地定向,在松弛状态的所述弹性舌状件与所述针保护设备(17)的一个凸缘(35)形成轴向止动器,所述用于解开锁定机构的机构具有布置在外壳中并且向内突出的凸出,在所述滑动套管(21)的收缩位置所述凸出以这样的方式径向向内地挤压所述弹性舌状件(38),使得包含所述弹性舌状件(38)的所述滑动套管(21)的部分可以移动到所述针保护设备的所述凸缘(35)中。
4.根据权利要求2的设备,其特征在于:具有弹簧元件(18),所述弹簧元件将所述针保护设备(17)挤压到其前进位置,并且当所述滑动套管(21)移动到其前进位置时,所述弹簧元件受到所述滑动套管(21)施压。
5.根据权利要求2—4之一的设备,其特征在于:具有传送机构(58),当所述滑动套管从其前进位置被引导到收缩位置时,该传送机构使所述针保护设备(17)由所述滑动套管(21)带动。
6.根据权利要求2—4之一的设备,其特征在于:具有复位弹簧元件(20),该复位弹簧元件沿其收缩位置的方向作用在滑动套管(21)上。
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-
2003
- 2003-11-17 AU AU2003280270A patent/AU2003280270B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-11-17 CN CN200380103982.7A patent/CN100506305C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-11-17 JP JP2004554139A patent/JP4339260B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-11-17 EP EP03770836A patent/EP1572270A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-11-17 WO PCT/CH2003/000757 patent/WO2004047892A1/de active Application Filing
-
2005
- 2005-05-23 US US11/135,602 patent/US7361160B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-11-30 US US11/948,014 patent/US20080071225A1/en not_active Abandoned
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AU2003280270A1 (en) | 2004-06-18 |
WO2004047892A1 (de) | 2004-06-10 |
JP2006507060A (ja) | 2006-03-02 |
CN1713930A (zh) | 2005-12-28 |
AU2003280270B2 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
EP1572270A1 (de) | 2005-09-14 |
US7361160B2 (en) | 2008-04-22 |
JP4339260B2 (ja) | 2009-10-07 |
US20050273061A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
US20080071225A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
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