CN1874811A - 自动注射装置 - Google Patents

自动注射装置 Download PDF

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CN1874811A
CN1874811A CNA200480032497XA CN200480032497A CN1874811A CN 1874811 A CN1874811 A CN 1874811A CN A200480032497X A CNA200480032497X A CN A200480032497XA CN 200480032497 A CN200480032497 A CN 200480032497A CN 1874811 A CN1874811 A CN 1874811A
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injection device
pin
ampoule
starting drive
sleeve
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E·霍曼
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Tecpharma Licensing AG
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Disetronic Licensing AG
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    • A61M2005/312Means preventing contamination of the medicament compartment of a syringe via the distal end of a syringe, i.e. syringe end for mounting a needle cannula comprising sealing means, e.g. severable caps, to be removed prior to injection by, e.g. tearing or twisting
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M5/50Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for preventing re-use, or for indicating if defective, used, tampered with or unsterile
    • A61M5/5086Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for preventing re-use, or for indicating if defective, used, tampered with or unsterile for indicating if defective, used, tampered with or unsterile

Abstract

本发明涉及包括针保护元件(1)的注射装置,该针防护元件(1)在初始状态下缩回且可从注射装置(10)展开,以保护针(5)。

Description

自动注射装置
本发明涉及诸如自动注射装置或笔状物的装置,例如用于分配优选地计量的医用物质的量,该医用物质例如为胰岛素或荷尔蒙。
特别地,本发明涉及自动注射装置,该自动注射装置设计为例如用于只使用一次的一次性注射装置。
图3图示了已知的注射装置10,它带有布置在注射装置10内的针5,针5被针防护元件1和针防护帽6所包围,且针防护元件1在布置在图3的左侧的注射装置10的向前分配方向上通过针防护弹簧3偏置,针防护弹簧3支撑靠在注射装置10的壳体14上。为执行注射,移除针防护帽6且如图3所图示的注射装置10如下放置,使得针防护元件1的前端在注射位置,且为能够插入针5,必须将针防护元件1克服针防护弹簧3的力后推指示的距离D。必须将针防护元件1克服针防护弹簧3所施加的力后推过通常为大约18mm范围的距离D的事实意味着使用者必须在相当长的时间施加相对大的压力将注射装置10推到注射位置以执行注射。如果安瓿11中包含有在任何时间长度内不允许与金属,例如针5接触的物质或药物,则针5不装配在安瓿11上,直至注射前的短时间内,这在图3中所图示的注射装置10的情况中,实际上是不可能的。
本发明的一个目的是建议一种注射装置和用于准备启动注射装置的机构,它提供了简单的方式使注射装置能置于待用状态,在该状态下可以施加轻的力而安全地执行注射。
本目的通过在独立权利要求中限定的主题来实现而有利的实施例在从属权利要求中限定。
根据第一方面,本发明涉及用于准备启动注射装置,特别是自动注射装置的准备启动装置或工具,该注射装置可以被设计为一次性使用的一次性部件的形式,以执行注射,该注射装置包括带有待分配物质的安瓿,例如药物,且安瓿是封闭的,并例如提供有本身已知类型的保护帽。该已知的保护帽包括密封安瓿的橡胶部件且该橡胶部件通过塑料帽固定在安瓿上,塑料帽也可以包括用于例如Luer针的螺纹。塑料帽优选地提供有折断点,该折断点可通过转动或作为替代地通过牵拉而被折断,使得橡胶部件可以与折下的塑料部件一起被移除,以打开安瓿。如果针的连接元件提供在帽上,Luer针例如可以被螺纹拧上或装配。为了本发明的目的,在初始状态下准备启动装置或工具已经连接到或可以被连接到密封件或保护帽,使得安瓿的保护帽可以通过转动和/或牵拉准备启动装置或工具而被移除,因此使针能够被装配或螺纹拧上。这正是如下情况,即由本发明建议的准备启动装置可以被插入到注射装置或已经在注射装置上且处于插入后的状态,准备启动装置优选地具有柄,它容易持握,以使得它例如可以被使用者相对于注射装置转动,以开启安瓿的密封件。
准备启动装置可以被有利地推入到或插入到注射装置的分配端或前端且伸出注射装置,其结果是使用者可以容易地持握准备启动装置且例如相对于注射装置对其转动,使得安瓿的帽打开且帽例如可以从注射装置与准备启动装置一起被去掉。准备启动装置可以提供为例如大致为圆柱形、延长元件的形状,它略微小于针防护元件或注射装置前端的内径。
根据第二方面,本发明涉及用于准备启动注射装置,特别是自动注射装置的准备启动装置或工具,该准备启动装置或工具具有用于针,特别是Luer针的保持器元件,它能够保持针而用于装配针或者将针插入到注射装置,且然后一旦装配和/或螺纹拧上针后释放针,使得准备启动装置可以然后从注射装置去掉,这样例如当针装配在开启的安瓿上时,该注射装置准备好以执行注射。本发明建议的准备启动装置因此使得针能被装配或螺纹拧上在注射装置内部这样的区域,该区域被例如壳体或针防护元件所保护且难于到达,其中针例如通过螺纹装配连接到注射装置或安瓿,且针到准备启动装置的固定或连接可例如通过从已连接到安瓿或注射装置的针牵拉下准备启动装置而释放。针的保持器可以为简单的接收元件,针推入到该元件中,或可以作为替代地包括可释放的保持或连接元件,例如捕获片、夹件或夹子。准备启动装置可以设计为使针在初始状态下已经装配在准备启动装置上,或作为替代地它可以设计为使针插入到准备启动装置且可以然后通过准备启动装置装配在注射装置上。
准备启动装置优选地设计为使合并有装配在其上的针防护帽的针可以被插入到或装配在准备启动装置上,在此情况下,一旦针已经被插入到准备启动装置,准备启动装置优选地能例如通过与针防护帽的锁闭动作而保持针防护帽,使得针可以通过准备启动装置而装配在注射装置上,且准备启动装置可以与针防护帽一起从注射装置被移除,因此暴露针,准备好注射。
在一个优选的实施例中,准备启动装置设计为使得它合并了上述的用于连接准备启动装置到安瓿密封件或安瓿保护帽的连接元件,且还合并了用于上述的针的保持器元件,在此情况下,这两个元件例如提供在大约杆形的准备启动装置的相对端,使得一旦安瓿已经被打开,准备启动装置可以容易地被转动180度,以便在打开的安瓿上装配针。
准备启动装置优选地具有用于限制转矩的机构,当转动准备启动装置以螺纹拧上针时,该转矩由使用者传递给注射装置。该转矩例如可以通过使用两个部件的准备启动装置设计的方式而受到限制,在此情况下,被使用者持握的准备启动装置的一个部件通过例如凸轮的连接元件与另一个部件联结,使得当超过特定的且优选的预定转矩时,在准备启动装置的两个部件之间的连接被释放,因此使两个部件能相对于彼此旋转,使得作用在准备启动装置的第一部件上的转矩只能在特定的最大程度上被传递到第二部件上,且更高的转矩将导致第一部件相对于第二部件进一步转动或进一步滑动,因此保证针例如只能以特定的最大转矩被螺纹拧上到注射装置,防止过高的力或过高的转矩作用在注射装置上,这例如可能导致损坏。
准备启动装置有利地设计为使得注射装置通过插入到注射装置的准备启动装置而锁定,即被插入的注射装置防止注射过程开始且它不能被注射,直至例如注射装置上被装配有注射针,在此情况下,例如可以提供锁定环,它将在下文中更详细的描述,该锁定环优选地不能从注射装置上被移除,除非与准备启动装置一起移除。特别有利的是设计准备启动装置,使得锁定环不能被移除,直至注射针已经装配到注射装置上。
根据另一个方面,本发明涉及用于注射装置的锁定环,该锁定环例如布置在注射装置的分配端且例如放置在注射装置上,且例如通过锁闭机构由后者保持。锁定环可以设计为使得它例如防止或可以防止触发过程的触发元件的移动,例如注射装置的触发套筒相对于壳体或针防护件的滑动移动,在此情况下,注射装置设计为使得它不能开始或执行注射,直至触发套筒被移动。为此目的,锁定环在注射装置的前端装配到注射装置,例如装配到触发套筒和/或针防护件,且通过可释放连接连接到注射装置,例如一个或多个捕获元件。锁定环和注射装置之间的连接优选地设计为使得后者能被释放,且特别优选的是,一旦针已经被装配到注射装置上或插入到注射装置内,连接可以通过准备启动装置释放。这正是如下情况,即优选的是锁定环和注射装置之间的连接设计为使得连接不能被释放,直至注射针已经被安全地连接到注射装置,例如通过将准备启动装置插入到注射装置内足够的深度。为此目的,凸轮或驱动器可以提供在准备启动装置的外部面上,一旦准备启动装置已经被足够深地插入,它释放或解锁在锁定环和注射装置之间的锁定或连接,使得锁定环能从注射装置上移除。
锁定环有利地连接到注射装置,使得锁定环能靠着注射装置旋转或在注射装置上旋转,但是不能轴向滑动,直至锁定环和注射装置之间的连接例如通过准备启动装置被解锁或释放。因此,锁定环可以与注射装置例如通过槽以如下方式联结,即锁定环的旋转可被传递到穿过锁定环而插入到注射装置中的准备启动装置,因此使得使用者能通过锁定环转动插入到注射装置中的准备启动装置,以便打开安瓿的帽或装配或螺纹拧上注射针。
锁定环优选地以如下方式安装到注射装置上,即在连接或支载元件没有释放的情况下,它不能在轴向方向上移动,且锁定环不能具有轴向位移,例如以移除锁定环,直至例如相应的连接元件或保持元件被通过上述的准备启动装置而释放。
根据另一个方面,本发明涉及带有上述类型的锁定环的注射装置,且注射装置优选地设计为使得只要锁定环还装配在注射装置上,则操作触发按键不能触发注射过程。
根据另一方面,该方面可以与上述的注射装置或准备启动装置的元件和组成部件一起使用但也可以独立地使用,本发明涉及注射装置,在其上可以螺纹拧上或装配针,或在其内可以插入针,或注射装置已经连接到针,且提供针防护元件用于发明的目的,该针防护元件在初始状态下布置在缩回的位置,且例如在注射过程后可以通过弹簧元件被抽出或向外推过针,在此情况下,针防护元件在抽出后围绕针,因此防止无意中的与针的接触。最好针防护元件只能从初始位置抽出,在此位置它缩回以锁定针,且在抽出或推出的位置,针防护元件可以被固定或锁定,例如通过捕获连接或棘爪,这可靠地保持了抽出的针防护件,使得它不能再从它锁定针的抽出的位置被向后推。
同时移动针防护件的优点是注射装置可以比已知的带有在初始状态下已经抽出的可缩回针防护件的注射装置短。此外,本发明建议的针防护件在初始状态下不抽出,它使执行注射的释放路径能被缩短、需要较小的力和精确,因为为了释放针,针防护件不必首先克服由针防护弹簧所施加的力被后推过较长的距离。为了本发明的目的,针首先从注射装置中抽出,抽出后,针防护元件被推过抽出的针。
针防护件有利地安装在注射装置内的注射器保持器上且通过停止件轴向限制在向前的位置。这正是如下情况,即针防护件通过支撑在注射器保持器上的弹簧元件被优选地偏置到向前位置。
触发套筒例如优选地与针防护件同轴布置,它伸出超过针防护件且在其上例如可以装配上述类型的锁定环,以防止触发套筒无意中的移动。这正是如下情况,即注射装置优选地设计为使得触发不能开始或进行,直至触发套筒相对于针防护件移位,该移位例如可通过将注射装置施加到注射位置来实现。一旦触发套筒例如移位或推到针防护元件前缘的水平,触发套筒在被安装为使其事先是自由的触发按键和触发机构之间建立机械连接,使得触发机构不能被操作,直至触发套筒通过按压触发按键而被移位。
一旦触发按键被操作,执行自动触发过程,由此例如注射针通过弹簧元件的力被推向或从注射装置弹出,使注射针例如能穿入组织。然后位移体,例如塞被推入安瓿,使得安瓿内包含的物质通过注射针被分配。一旦已开始并进行注射过程,针防护元件有利地通过弹簧元件偏置,使得一旦已将注射装置从注射位置再次移开,针防护元件被推向注射针的方向并自动地将它推过注射针。
针防护元件在外面上有利地提供有指示器或信号颜色,例如红色、橙色、黄色或其它一些颜色,使其相对容易的判断注射装置是否已经用过。
优选地提供锁定元件,例如捕获件,通过锁定元件,能将针防护件锁闭或锁定在抽出的位置,以保护注射针,换言之以封闭针,因此尽可能地排除任何意外的与注射针的接触。
如下将基于实施例的例子描述本发明。各附图为:
图1A至图1F图示了注射装置的截面,通过工具将注射装置准备启动以待注射;
图2A至图2F图示了如何以注射装置执行注射,注射后锁定注射针;以及
图3图示了通过已知注射装置的截面。
图1A图示了通过自动注射装置10的截面,自动注射装置10带有安瓿11,通过橡胶制的保护帽8封闭了安瓿11,保护帽8封闭了安瓿11且具有塑料帽,其与安瓿11连接且还包括用于Luer针的螺纹。保护帽8固定地连接到工具或准备启动装置12,该工具或准备启动装置12安装为能轴向滑动并在锁定环13中联结,以与锁定环一起旋转。通过槽或其它合适的元件,工具12连接到安装在注射装置10上的锁定环13,使得能旋转或轴向连接到锁定环13,使得锁定环13的旋转传递到工具12,其结果是保护帽8的折断点被折断打开,由此打开了安瓿11的前端。
然后可以将连接到保护帽8的工具12牵拉出注射装置10,如图1B所图示。锁定环13维持轴向连接到注射装置10。
在位于与合并了保护帽8的端部相对的工具12的端部,带有装配在其上的针防护帽6的Luer针5可以插入工具12且布置在工具12的插入孔上的捕获片12a保证针防护帽6不能再次从工具12去掉,如图1C所图示。
如果工具12旋转180度,如图1C和1D所图示,Luer针5可通过锁定环13插入到注射装置10内且螺纹拧上到提供在安瓿11上的内螺纹11a上,以将Luer针5固定地连接到安瓿开口的前端。当连接发生时,锁定环13例如通过槽与工具12联结,使得锁定环13的旋转能传递到工具12以螺纹拧上Luer针5。
工具12包括2个部件12.1和12.2,其连接为使得只有特定的最大转矩能从一个部件传递到另一个部件。当超过预定的最大转矩时,两个部件12.1和12.2之间的连接,例如以捕获片形式提供的连接被释放,且因此导致一个部件相对于另一个部件旋转,由此保证针5只以限定的、低于预定最大转矩的转矩螺纹拧上,例如通过转动与工具12联结的锁定环13,如图1D和1E所图示。
工具12与锁定环13一起通过工具12从注射装置10释放后可以从注射装置10移除,使得在安瓿11打开和已装配针5的情况下能准备启动注射装置10用于执行注射,如图1F所图示。
一旦保护帽8被移除,针5放置在安瓿11上,如图1D所图示,其结果是外部布置在工具12上的凸轮或凸起12c后推布置在触发套筒4内的针防护件1,由此释放布置在触发套筒4外部面上的将锁定环13保持在注射装置10上的凸轮4a,使得能径向向内推该凸轮4a,由此释放锁定环13的锁定,使得锁定环13能从触发套筒4移除且因此从注射装置10移除,如图1E和1F所图示。
锁定环13例如可被移除,因为预张紧弹簧元件13a提供在锁定环13内,该弹簧元件13径向向内推且锁闭在工具12外部面上的配合凹陷或切去部12b中,其结果是锁定环13固定地连接到工具12且当工具12被移除时,锁定环13从注射装置10与工具12一起被移除,如图1F所图示。切去部12b有利地以如下方式布置在工具12上,即工具12必须插入到注射装置10内至少这样远,使在锁定环13的弹簧元件13a能锁闭前将针5可靠地装配或固定。
图1F和2A图示了已准备启动待执行注射的注射装置10。
当图2A中所图示的注射装置以轻的压力施加在注射位置时,触发套筒4与针防护件1一起被后推,如图2B所图示。
与执行注射有关的过程将基于参照图2A至2F的实施例描述。图2A图示了安瓿11被打开且针5被螺纹拧上后的注射装置10。触发套筒4处于初始状态或已定位在注射位置,使得触发套筒4被后推,直至触发套筒4的前端或多或少地位于针防护件1的前端,如图2A中所图示。当触发套筒4放置在注射位置时,它被推入到安瓿壳体14内,且因为如图2B中所图示的联结元件25的移位导致直至此时已处于可将它按下并再次释放而不对注射装置10产生任何作用的位置的触发按键15与针锁定元件16联结,使得当按下触发按键15时将针锁定元件16推出它锁定安瓿保持器18的位置,且支撑在安瓿壳体14或安瓿保持器导向件20上的针弹出器弹簧17在注射针5的抽出方向推安瓿保持器18,其结果是针5与布置在针5后部的安瓿11一起从注射装置10中抽出,如图2C中所图示。作为结果,注射器保持器2同时推入向前位置,由此张紧或压缩布置在注射器保持器2和针防护件1之间的针防护弹簧19。
当后推安瓿保持器18到安瓿保持器导向件20中这样远使得锁定元件21位于提供在安瓿保持器导向件20的内部面上的相对的凹陷或切去部20a时,如图2C中所图示,将径向向外偏置的锁定元件21推入这些安瓿保持器导向件20的切去部20a,导致塞保持器或滑块22从安瓿保持器18解锁和释放;见图2D。在安瓿保持器18的后端和塞保持器或滑块22之间偏置的注射弹簧23因此能放松并将塞24推入安瓿11,如图2D所图示,其结果是包含在安瓿11内的物质被移位且通过抽出的针5分配。
当执行注射后注射装置10从注射位置移开后,针防护件1通过在注射针5的方向上偏置的针防护弹簧19被向前推出注射装置10且被推过针5,如图2E中所图示,由此使针5能被锁定。提供在触发套筒4内的向内偏置的捕获件或棘爪4a在针防护件1的后停止件后锁闭,由此将针防护件1锁定在抽出位置。
在一个实施例中,如图2F中所图示的可通过施加压力推动针防护件额外的距离,但是不使针5暴露,直至与针防护件1联结的触发套筒4位于安瓿保持器导向件20的凸起上。
如果针防护件或针防护件1的外部面具有信号颜色,例如红色,抽出的针防护件1可同时用作指示器,以指示自动注射装置已用过且不能再用。

Claims (6)

1.带有针防护元件(1)的注射装置,该针防护元件(1)在初始状态下缩回且可从注射装置(10)抽出,以保护针(5)。
2.如前述权利要求中所述的注射装置,其中提供或多或少地与针防护元件(1)同轴布置的触发套筒(4),该触发套筒(4)可相对于针防护元件(1)移位,以允许触发过程。
3.如前述权利要求中的一项所述的注射装置,其中触发套筒(4)布置在针防护元件(1)的外侧或内侧。
4.如前述权利要求中的一项所述的注射装置,其中触发套筒(4)与联结元件(26)合作,可通过触发套筒(4)推该联结元件(26),使得自由地安装的触发按键(5)与针锁定元件(16)联结,以使注射过程能开始。
5.如前述权利要求中的一项所述的注射装置,其中针防护元件(1)在其外部面染色有指示器颜色,例如红色、橙色或黄色。
6.如前述权利要求中的一项所述的注射装置,其带有捕获装置(4a),通过该捕获装置(4a),针防护件(1)可锁闭在抽出的位置。
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US20060270984A1 (en) 2006-11-30
JP2007509658A (ja) 2007-04-19
AU2004286735B2 (en) 2008-12-18

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