CN100439210C - 密封设备中的平衡轨和平衡元件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

密封设备中的平衡轨和平衡元件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100439210C
CN100439210C CNB008059349A CN00805934A CN100439210C CN 100439210 C CN100439210 C CN 100439210C CN B008059349 A CNB008059349 A CN B008059349A CN 00805934 A CN00805934 A CN 00805934A CN 100439210 C CN100439210 C CN 100439210C
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disc
balance track
mentioned
balance
sealing
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CN1346323A (zh
Inventor
M·马特尔
R·帕尔姆奎斯特
E·索克里
M·马泽托
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/26—Devices specially adapted for producing transverse or longitudinal seams in webs or tubes
    • B65B51/30—Devices, e.g. jaws, for applying pressure and heat, e.g. for subdividing filled tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3656—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a layer of a multilayer part to be joined, e.g. for joining plastic-metal laminates
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3668—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special induction coils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3676—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B29C65/368—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/745—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool
    • B29C65/7451—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool the severing tool and the welding tool being movable with respect to one-another
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B29C66/43121—Closing the ends of tubular or hollow single articles, e.g. closing the ends of bags
    • B29C66/43122—Closing the top of gable top containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72327—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
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    • B65B51/30—Devices, e.g. jaws, for applying pressure and heat, e.g. for subdividing filled tubes
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/8122—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
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Abstract

一种适用于对包装液体或流动产品(12)的层压包装材料(11)进行热密封的设备(40；50)中的平衡轨(61；53，54)和垫盘(62；56，57)，平衡轨和垫盘分别基本上由塑料材料制成。一种用于热密封的设备(40；50)和包括上述平衡轨和垫盘的密封/切割设备，以及包括本发明的这种密封装置及平衡轨和垫盘的包装机。另外，还涉及一种用于通过共注模铸制造平衡轨的方法。

Description

密封设备中的平衡轨和平衡元件及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明分别涉及一种平衡轨及平衡轨和垫盘的组合模块，适用于对包装液体或流动产品的层压包装材料进行热密封的设备。
本发明还涉及一种用于热密封的设备及包括上述平衡轨和垫盘的密封/切割设备，以及包括本发明的这种密封设备及平衡轨和垫盘的包装机。
另外，本发明涉及一种制造上述平衡轨和垫盘的方法。
背景技术
现今的食品包装工艺(术语“食品”指所有类型的固体和液体食品，如果汁，牛奶和其它饮料，以及浆糊、汤、果酱和乳酪)通常是“成形-填充-密封”类型，并可通过下列步骤完成，将由柔性层压件制成的连续移动的幅面料状包装材料成形为一连续延伸管，用要包装的所需食品连续填充该管，以及密封并最终从管上切掉密封的包装件。图1a中示意性示出这种由一连续的包装材料幅面料成形一管并进一步形成包装容器的例子。
包装过程通常是高速连续的过程，其中幅面料形式的包装材料通过一机器连续输送，例如穿过一液相或气相快速作用消毒介质而消毒，成形和密封为所需管状，用于填充要包装的食品并最终横向密封。
连续幅面料状包装材料是由包装材料制造机制造的，并放置在一卷轴上。该包装材料通常具有一层压结构，该层压结构包括一纸或纸板的芯层，一位于芯层的每一侧上由热塑聚合物(如聚乙烯)制成的外部热密封层，以及，如果必要，一置于该纸芯层与该薄膜之间的铝箔隔气层。可替换地，可使用由塑料或无机材料，如聚酰胺、聚乙烯乙烯醇(EVOH)或氧化硅制成的隔气层来代替铝箔。
带有包装材料的卷轴安装在包装机中，在此处用设置在机器中若干个位置上的驱动机构卷出包装机并在其中迂回。包装材料幅面料被成形为一管并在包装机中沿纵向密封。当管在包装机中向下传送时，从上方供应液体或流动食品以填充管状包装材料的内部。然后，从两侧横向挤压包装材料管并以特定间距横向密封，以形成相互连接、填充和密封的包装容器，接下来，通过在横向伸展的密封部分之间切割而将密封的包装容器从管上分离，因而例如通过沿包装材料中预先形成的折痕线折叠弯曲将分离的包装容器变成一特定的所需形状，且如果需要，最终密封而保持该形状。
管状包装材料沿纵向或横向的密封是通过对包装材料的外表面相互进行热密封而完成的，该包装材料由热密封塑料制成.这可以通过已知的热密封技术完成，例如感应热密封，射频(RF)或微波热密封、热对流密封或超声波振动热密封。当今在无菌包装情况下用于横向热密封的一种非常普通的技术是感应热密封，其中包装层压件中的铝箔与一感应器共同作用，从而产生热量.热塑表面通过同时使用施加感应电流和压力而由热熔化彼此粘接在一起。
可替换地，包装工艺通常可以是由预切割的包装材料的毛坯形成包装件的这种类型。图1b中示出这种包装工艺的原理。
预切割的包装材料毛坯可输送到包装机中，折叠并纵向密封，折叠成形并在底部密封，从而提供开放的包装封壳。该封壳被填充并随后在顶部密封，从而提供填充的包装件(11″)。
因此常规的包装机使用热密封设备来密封包装材料。该密封设备通常设有以彼此相对关系设置和运行的所谓的平衡爪和热密封爪。
图4中示意性示出这种热密封设备的一个例子，而图5中示意性示出典型平衡爪和热密封爪的横截面。
常规地，对于横向热密封，每个平衡爪设有一对平衡轨，而每个热密封爪设有一个密封块。每个平衡轨及相面对的密封块能够横跨包装材料形成一横向热密封。可在两平衡轨之间形成的缝隙中设置一切割器。每个切割轨设有一切割元件，一沿平衡轨延伸的所谓的“垫盘”或“压力垫”，而在感应密封的情况下，密封块设有一与垫盘相对设置的感应线圈。最常见地，在包装成一连续管状包装材料的情况下，密封和切割操作在包装工艺的相同部分进行，在这种情况下平衡轨也称作“切割轨”。但也完全可能例如通过随后在一单独切割单元中切割填充和密封的管而将密封和切割操作相互分离开。
图2和3示意性示出常规平衡轨和用于感应密封的密封块的侧视图，该密封块用于感应密封，在完成密封之前或之后设置在将要热密封的包装材料的相对侧。
如图2和3所示，管或封壳的包装材料壁12、13可在一密封区域S中相互面对面地设置，用于对例如管状包装材料进行横向感应密封。每个包装材料壁12、13通常是由纸基层14及例如位于铝箔层15的内表面上的聚乙烯薄膜层16形成的层压结构。虽然没有专门表示，纸基层14的外表面同样涂敷有一塑料如聚乙烯层。两包装材料12、13的聚乙烯部分16通过热熔而粘结在一起。
在其它热密封方法中，如高频(RF)密封或热对流密封中，不必用一铝箔层来产生热量。
平衡轨21通过由钢制成，并满足平面度和平行度的要求.尤其根据密封质量、包装材料类型、包装件的尺寸以及要包装产品的类型，垫盘22的形状和机械性能可以变化以最佳地适应环境。在如本发明的高质量密封，例如无菌或长期储存、所谓“延长贮藏寿命”包装的情况下，垫盘需要一定程度的柔韧性和可压缩性，用以控制被加热的热塑材料从密封区域S中的层16的流动.对于密封质量要求不那么严格的包装来讲，垫盘就像平衡轨一样，可由耐久的硬金属材料制成。
感应线圈23沿密封块24延伸，并通常设有一朝平衡爪伸出的突起25。穿过感应线圈23形成一冷却通道26，由流经冷却通道26的冷却剂来控制感应线圈23的温度。
在图2所示的密封过程的初始阶段，包装材料11放置在密封块24与带有垫盘22的平衡轨21之间，平衡爪和热密封爪在其上移动，从而相互靠近。随后，平衡爪和热密封爪进一步向彼此移动，包装材料11的密封部分被压硬，并与感应线圈23和平衡元件22一起变形。用一电源装置(未示出)施加一高频电压，使铝箔15用感应电流产生热量。因此，如图3所示，相互面对并在成对的铝箔15之间挤压的包装材料的成对聚乙烯部分16被加热，而使密封区域S中的聚乙烯部分16熔化。因而管状包装材料11通过热熔而粘结在一起。
如图3所示，可压缩平衡元件22在密封阶段变形。当来自密封块和平衡轨的压力被释放后，平衡元件恢复到其原始形状，并准备下面的密封和压缩操作。这种可压缩平衡元件通常由具有适当机械和化学特性的塑料材料制成。当今最常见的是交联的聚氨酯(PUR)用于这种用途。垫盘的所需形状和结构通常从交联的聚氨酯材料切出。由交联PUR制成的垫盘通过插入沿平衡轨21延伸的槽27中而紧固到由耐化学品的不锈钢制成的切割轨中。对于密封质量来讲，垫盘的结构、硬度和可压缩性都是重要的因素，并可根据上面列出的各种因素，即所要求的密封质量，包装材料类型，包装件尺寸以及要填充的产品而改变。垫盘的不同形状和硬度/可压缩性将在热熔过程中不同地影响密封区域S中的热塑材料的流动。另外，有重要的因素影响管中的填充的产品从密封区域S中挤掉的方式。因此已证实不同的形状对于包装件尺寸与要填充产品的不同组合是最优的。
另外，垫盘中所使用的塑料材料应该耐受化学品(例如碱性清洗剂，乳酸和各种填充产品中的其它物质，以及消毒剂，例如过氧化氢(H2O2))。
尽管已知的平衡轨和垫盘可充分发挥作用，它还是有一些缺点。这种已知结构的主要缺点是，垫盘由相对于切割轨和密封块较软的材料制成，经过一段时间后会磨损，因而必须用具有规则间距的新垫盘更换。每次更换垫盘，包装机都不得不全部停车。首先，必须将平衡轨从操作过程中连接到其上的平衡爪上拆掉。然后，必须将紧固到平衡轨的槽中的旧垫盘拆掉。拆掉旧垫盘后，必须将一新的垫盘插入平衡轨的窄槽中，然后必须将平衡轨连接到平衡爪上并再次起动机器.槽以及垫盘通常具有非对称的截面结构，将垫盘小心紧固并固定到槽中，以及将其插入右侧位置，即取向成向右方向，这些都是很重要的。更换垫盘的步骤需要一些时间，因为垫盘应该非常牢固地紧固到槽中，因此垫盘具有比槽略大的截面。因此，必须用一定的力分别将压入的垫盘从槽中拉出。这是手工完成的，因为这是非常复杂的操作。机器完全停止所需的时间可达约10分钟，包括将机器调整自/到正常操作速度的减慢和起动时间，根据包装机的类型不同，在此时间内以正常操作速度至少可以生产出600-1300个包装件。在时间压力下，很容易沿错误方向将垫盘插入槽中，如果不及时注意，这会导致密封质量显著下降，机器不得不第二次完全停车，因而造成有效生产时间的相当大的额外浪费。
另外，当从平衡轨上拆掉垫盘时，有时试图使用指定的工具如螺丝刀，以便抓住垫盘并将其拉出。在不走运的情况下，这也会损坏平衡轨。由于新的平衡轨非常昂贵，这是非常不期望的。
已知的平衡轨和垫盘的结构的另一个缺点是，模块的两部分，即平衡轨和垫盘，是由热膨胀系数差别很大的不同材料制成的。塑料的膨胀系数通常在约100至约200·10-5mK-1范围内，而金属的系数从约6至约1010-5mK-1范围内变化。当进行热密封并对垫盘进行加热时，在相同温度下它比平衡轨膨胀更多且更快。因此在槽内部垫盘需要围绕其的一些空间来膨胀，而且必须能够在槽的内表面上移动和滑动。因此，从下面几个观点看，垫盘的形状是很关键的，首先对于密封区域中的挤压和压缩特性，其次对于冷时将附件固定在槽中以及热时在平衡轨的槽中热膨胀。从制造和装配的观点看，这都使设有垫盘的平衡轨成为部件的一个非常复杂的模块。
因此分别需要一个平衡轨和一个平衡轨与垫盘的组合模块，它们不易受与常规平衡轨或平衡轨模块相联系的不利条件、缺点和问题的影响。特别是，期望提供一种平衡轨与垫盘的组合，该组合起到与常规组合相同的作用，但具有另外的优点，即最好是以降低的或至少是维持的成本水平容易和快速地在密封设备和包装机中互换。
发明内容
因此本发明的一个目的是分别提供一种设有一垫盘的平衡轨及这样一种组合模块，其能够克服和避免上述问题。
因此本发明的另一个目的是提供一种设有垫盘的平衡轨，其能够更快地完成垫盘的更换操作并缩短生产中断的时间。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种设有一垫盘的平衡轨，其能够简化垫盘的更换操作，并因而不犯错误地更容易地完成。
本发明的目的还在于分别提供一种容易制造的平衡轨和设有一垫盘的平衡轨。
根据本发明一优选实施例，一个目的是提供一种设有垫盘的平衡轨，其能够消除在更换垫盘的操作中装配平衡轨和垫盘的问题。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种高成本效率的平衡轨与垫盘的组合模块，在生产和维修，即垫盘更换操作中都能良好地发挥作用。
另外，本发明的又一个目的是提供一种热密封设备和一种包装机，该热密封设备包括设有本发明垫盘的平衡轨，该包装机包括这种密封设备。
根据本发明，提供了一种适用于对包装液体或流动产品的层压包装材料进行热密封的设备中的平衡轨和至少一个垫盘，所述垫盘设于所述平衡轨上，所述平衡轨与所述垫盘结合，所述层压包装材料包括芯层和外热密封层，其特征在于，上述平衡轨和上述垫盘每个基本上用塑料材料制成。
通过用塑料材料制造平衡轨和垫盘，获得了一种复杂程度降低的结构，同时两部分模块可形成一体而仅包括一个单一部件。在产量和成本上的收获是显著的，因为本发明的密封设备以非常高的速度运行，生产中断时间的每一点减少都产生明显更高的效率。
因此根据本发明的平衡轨和设有垫盘的平衡轨分别适用于对填充液体或流动产品的层压包装材料管进行横向热密封的密封设备，这种密封设备具有至少一个相互面对设置并可在前进和收缩方向移动用以横向密封所密封包装件的至少一个密封爪和至少一个平衡爪，该平衡轨通过连接到平衡爪上而适合包括在热密封设备中，而该垫盘沿平衡轨设置。
优选地，从实践的角度看，为了不必过于频繁地更换平衡轨和垫盘，塑料应该是在约10℃至约90℃，优选是约5℃至约100℃，最优选是约0℃至约110℃温度下具有较高耐化学品性能的工程塑料。
优选地，本发明平衡轨中包含的塑料是耐PH值约2至约12的碱和酸液体或溶液的工程塑料，例如通常用于清洁食品包装机的清洁剂和消毒剂。有利地，所使用的塑料还应该在暴露于热水和水溶液中时耐水解。另外，清洁剂通常包含对某些塑料材料有害的脂族或芳族溶剂。所包含的塑料应当最好还能耐受机器维修时使用的润滑剂中的油和脂。“耐受”意思是在使用过程中所需的机械特性保持一段足够的时间。
在工程塑料中，聚酰胺和从高性能塑料(HPP)的组中选择的塑料是特别优选的。塑料行业中的技术人员都知道，聚醚酮，如聚醚酮(PEK)，聚醚醚酮(PEEK)，聚芳基醚酮(PAEK)和聚醚醚酮酮(PEEKK)，聚亚苯基硫醚(PPS)，液晶聚酯(LCP)，聚酰亚胺以及聚砜，都属于HPP组。这些聚合物一般具有某些耐化学和耐热特性以及良好的机械性能。但LCP聚合物不是太优选的，因为它们对于水解的耐受性能有限。另外，由于它们的各向异性及组织结构，它们也不太适于注模成型。聚砜也不是优选的，因为它们对于油和芳族溶剂耐受能力有限.聚酰亚胺对于碱的耐受性能有限，而聚碳酸酯对于碱性和芳族溶剂没有耐受能力，因而这些聚合物也不太适于平衡轨。
技术人员还知道，例如聚酰胺，聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)，聚对苯二甲酸乙酯(PET)，聚碳酸酯(PC)，聚苯氧化物(PPO)以及聚甲醛(POM)，都属于除HPP之外的工程塑料的组中。
根据本发明一优选实施例，平衡轨由聚酰胺制成。优选地，聚酰胺是从聚酰胺-11(PA-11)或聚酰胺-12(PA-12)或具有相似性质的聚酰胺中选择的。PA-6、PA-66和PA-46一般不是优选的，因为它们吸收更多的水分，且对于酸液体或溶液仅具有有限的耐受能力。聚丙烯酰胺(PAA)不如PA-11和PA-12那样优选，但与上述不太优选的聚酰胺相比仍是有利的，因为它们吸收水分较少。
根据本发明另一优选实施例，平衡轨由从包括PPS和聚醚酮(PEK，PEEK，PEEKK，PAEK)的组中选择。根据所述优选实施例用于平衡轨的塑料全部耐热水、酸和碱溶液以及酒精、脂族和芳族溶剂和油。另外，它们仅吸收少量水，一般少于约1.0％，优选少于0.5％。此外，它们适于并具有适当的流动特性和机械特性，用于例如通过注模成型来制造模制部件如平衡轨。在对用于平衡轨的塑料进行选择时，它具有高度的尺寸稳定性且尺寸公差可保持与由不锈钢和钛制成的平衡轨相等，这一点也很重要。平衡轨的平面度优选地小于0.3mm，更优选地小于0.2mm，平行度小于0.1mm。
根据本发明一最优选实施例，平衡轨由加强的，最好是玻璃纤维加强的PPS制成。PPS具有耐化学品、耐火焰、尺寸稳定、持久以及低水分/湿气吸收等方面的有利特性。
根据另一优选实施例，平衡轨中的塑料材料可混合达到约50％重量，更优选地是达到约40％重量的增强添加剂，例如玻璃纤维，玻璃球或铁粉，以便将尺寸保持在所要求的公差范围内。从尺寸稳定性的观点以及机械特性的观点看，这都是有利的。但如果增强添加剂的量过高，塑料材料的冲击强度就会受到负面的影响。
根据本发明使用的垫盘由一热塑弹性体(TPE)制成，该热塑弹性体(TPE)具有在肖氏硬度约70时至少约20％的可压缩性，以及较高的耐化学品和耐约10℃至约90℃，优选是约0℃至110℃温度的性能。
优选地，垫盘由从包括下列各项的组中选择：聚氨酯(PUR)，聚醚嵌段酰胺(嵌段共聚物)(PEBA)和热弹性聚烯烃(TPE-O)。聚氨酯可以是聚醚型或聚酯型，其中聚醚型PUR更优选。PUR和PEBA一般更优选，因为它们较硬，并具有较高的耐侵蚀能力，并有更充足的可压缩性用于可压缩垫盘。但TPE聚烯烃(TPE-O)具有足够的耐化学品和耐水性能，且吸收水分少于1.0％，并能够耐受至少约-10℃至大约100℃，优选是110℃的温度。
弹性体材料的可压缩性一般取决于其硬度，PUR热塑弹性体材料在例如肖氏硬度A为70时一般具有约24％的可压缩性，而PEBA在相同硬度时具有约36％的可压缩性。TPE-O在相同硬度时具有约64％的可压缩性。
最优选地，平衡轨由聚酰胺-11(PA-11)、聚酰胺-12(PA-12)或PPS制成，垫盘由醚类聚氨酯(PUR)或聚醚嵌段酰胺共聚物制成，因为除了良好的机械特性和耐化学品特性以及耐温度特性之外，塑料的这些组合在平衡轨与垫盘的界面在塑料的接触表面之间进一步产生了良好的粘结和粘附。
这些特定的塑料优选使用，因为当连续共注模这两种材料以将它们熔化在一起时它们产生了紧密的粘结。注入的塑料的高速引起的摩擦在将相互粘附在一起的平衡轨与垫盘的表面之间的界面处产生了热量，从而在表面之间产生熔融。
优选地，平衡轨和垫盘通过共注模成型工艺制成。通过所谓的共注模成型或双注模成型，垫盘和平衡轨可在一个操作中制造，因而整个部件由塑料材料制成。
平衡轨和垫盘均由塑料材料制造的另一个优点是，热膨胀系数可匹配成几乎相同，且避免了金属与塑料材料结合的困难。金属与塑料的热膨胀系数是如此不同，即对于塑料材料是100至200(10-5mK-1)，而金属是6至10(10-5mK-1)。塑料材料比金属隆起和膨胀更多，且与金属相比，温度变化更慢。因此，在金属平衡轨与塑料垫盘之间肯定没有表面粘结。必须允许塑料垫盘在金属平衡轨的槽中滑动。这在其它因素中垫盘相对于槽的形状如此重要。当用于平衡轨和垫盘的具有相同热膨胀特性的塑料匹配时，减少甚至消除了这些困难，垫盘的形状及其与平衡轨的配合也不再那么重要。
根据本发明第二方面，提供了一种用于对包装液体或流动产品的层压包装材料进行热密封的设备，其具有相互面对设置并可在前进和收缩方向上移动而密封该包装材料的一个密封爪和一个平衡轨，该平衡爪包括至少一个平衡轨和沿每个平衡轨设置的至少一个垫盘。其特征在于，上述平衡轨和上述垫盘为前面所述的平衡轨和垫盘。
此外，本发明还提供了一种密封/切割设备，其具有相互面对设置并可在前进和收缩方向上移动而密封和切割该包装材料的相对部分的一个平衡轨和一个热密封爪，上述设备包括：a)设置在上述平衡爪中的一对平衡轨；b)一切割器，该切割器设置在平衡轨之间的一缝隙中，以在前进和收缩方向上移动，当前进时切割上述包装材料的相对部分；c)沿相应平衡轨设置的垫盘；及d)一对加热体，该对加热体设置在用于与垫盘配合而挤压和密封上述包装材料的相对部分的上述热密封爪中，并在其间形成一槽，从而当上述切割器前进时容纳上述切割器的端部，其中，上述平衡轨和上述垫盘分别基本上由塑料材料制成。
根据本发明的第三方面，提供了一种用于包装液体或流动产品的包装机，其至少包括用于由层压包装材料形成包装件的装置，用于以上述产品填充该包装件的装置，及用于密封该包装件的装置，其包括前面所述的密封装置。
根据本发明的第四方面，提供了一种制造平衡轨和垫盘的方法，其特征在于，上述平衡轨和上述垫盘分别由塑料材料注模而成并相互连接。根据塑料材料和用于每种塑料材料的适当粘结剂的组合，平衡轨和垫盘可单独注模，随后通过粘结剂或通过热熔彼此附接到一起。
最优选地，平衡轨和垫盘在一共注模成型工艺中由上述塑料材料连续注模，因而通过熔融彼此附接到一起，这确保了在生产规模中快速、高效和可靠地制造设有垫盘的平衡轨的这种模块。
从下面参照附图所作的详细描述中，可以清楚本发明设备和方法的其它优点和有利的特征。
虽然这里是特别参照平衡轨和平衡轨与垫盘的组合模块以及设备来描述本发明的，但应该看到，在最宽的范围内，本发明并不排它地局限于这种实际应用，这种实际应用选择作为许多其它可设想的结构中的一个例子，用于实现由所附权利要求限定的本发明。特别是，可以在本发明的范围内设想不同部件的不同形状和结构。
附图说明
图1a示意性地示出由一包装材料的连续幅面料形成一管并进一步形成包装容器的常规工艺，包括横向密封的步骤，其中使用了根据本发明的密封设备；
图1b示意性地示出了由预先切割的包装材料的毛坯形成包装件的常规工艺；
图2示意性地示出了常规密封设备中一部件的剖面侧视图，即在进行横向密封操作的初始阶段面向包装材料的相对侧的密封块的设有一垫盘的平衡轨；
图3示意性地示出了在密封操作的最后阶段与图2中相同的常规平衡轨和垫盘设置；
图4示意性地示出使用过程中本发明的密封和切割设备的例子的局部剖视侧视图；
图5示出一平衡爪例子的剖视侧视图，一对平衡轨以及设有感应线圈的一密封块连接在该平衡爪上，
图6a和6b示意性示出本发明的平衡轨和垫盘的例子的割视侧视图；及
图7a和7b示意性示出通过共注模成型制造本发明平衡轨和垫盘的方法和设备的两优选实施例。
具体实施方式
参照图1a，一由柔性层压件制成的幅面料状包装材料10作为一卷筒1安装在包装机上，其中使用在机器的若干位置设置的驱动机构(没有专门表示)在包装机中卷出和迂回。在感应热密封的情况下，普通的包装材料10可例如通过按照从内向外的顺序对聚乙烯层、铝箔层、纸基片和聚乙烯层进行层压而形成。包装材料10由一导向件2导向，用一密封设备(没有专门表示)沿纵向密封并成形为一筒状包装材料11。当筒状包装材料11在包装机中向下传送时，通过一填充管3从上方供应液体或流动产品，以填充筒状包装材料的内部。然后，用一平衡爪和一热密封爪(没有专门表示)从两侧横向挤压包装材料，从而使筒状包装材料在横向以特定间隔密封，以形成互联、填充和密封的枕状包装容器。然后，通过在横向延伸的密封部分之间切割而将密封的包装容器分离成单个的枕状主容器11′。
参照图1b，预切割的包装材料毛坯10′被输送到包装机中，折叠并纵向密封4，绕卷轴5折叠成形并在底部密封6，以提供开口的包装封壳10″。该封壳被填充7，而后在顶部密封(8)，从而提供了填充的包装件11″。
参照图4，一纵向密封的筒状包装材料11被连续向下输送并用两个密封切割单元44、45以特定间隔挤压，这样塑料层的相对部分聚在一起并横向密封，以形成一带状密封区域S。该密封区域S然后被切掉，以形成一装有特定量的液体食品12的主容器11″。为此，密封切割单元44、45分别设有平衡/切割爪44a、45a以及热密封爪44b、45b。
为了提高密封设备的加工速度，设置了两组具有相同结构的密封切割单元44、45，该两组密封切割单元44、45以彼此半个周期交错的加工计时依次操作。
在每个切割爪44a、45a的前端设有一切割杆48。在每个热密封爪44b、45b的前端设有一密封块或感应绝缘体49。用切割杆48和密封块49将切割爪44a、45a和热密封爪44b、45b向包装材料移动，从两侧挤压包装材料11，由此通过相互压靠该爪而使包装材料的相对塑料表面彼此接触，在横向将这些表面密封在一起。
在每个切割爪44a、45a的中心横向设置适于按照要求伸展和收缩的平面形切割器31。当伸展时，切割器31设置成在密封区域S的中央或中间部分切割。为了在伸展和收缩位置之间实现切割器31的所需移动，在切割器31的后端设有一缸32。该切割器31可通过向或从缸32供应或排放工作介质而伸展或收缩。
在筒状包装材料的两侧还设有成对的翼片或成形板31a、31b，该翼片或成形板31a、31b设计用于相对于切割爪44a、45a和热密封爪44b、45b自由摆动。翼片31a、31b适于环绕、引导包装材料11并将其制成所需形状，例如一大致矩形形状。该包装件的体积可通过在密封之前以这种方式将翼片压缩在一起来控制，即每个包装件获得了相同的预定体积。
如图4所示，密封切割单元44处于密封切割起始位置，在此切割爪44a和热密封爪44b向包装材料11移动，以从两侧对其进行挤压，并使包装材料11的相对表面彼此接触。当密封切割单元44向下移动时，在挤压和固定包装材料11的同时粘结和形成密封区域S。
如图4所示，密封切割单元45位于密封切割结束位置，在此密封切割单元的切割器31向密封区域S移动，以切割密封区域S的中央或中间部分，并使包装材料11与主容器11′分离。当密封区域S的中心被切割后，密封切割单元45的切割爪45a和热密封爪45b被收缩、旋转和上升到密封切割起始位置。当密封切割单元45向密封切割起始位置移动，而切割爪45a和热密封爪45b向密封区域S移动时，密封切割单元44的切割器31向密封区域S移动，以在密封区域S的中心或中间部分产生一切口，从而使主容器11′与包装材料11分离。
尽管没有特别表示，密封切割单元44、45设有缸机构，该缸机构设置成用一起抽拉切割爪44a(或45a)和热密封爪44b(或45b)，从而在密封时产生必须的压力。位于切割爪和热密封爪之间的该压力在短时间内去除，密封切割单元44、45到达密封切割结束位置。
可以设想与图4中所示相似的设备，该设备不包括切割器和切割操作。但爪和轨将具有相同或相似的结构和平衡功能，从而分别成为“平衡爪”和“平衡轨”。
图5示出与切割杆48和密封块49相关联的各种特征。一感应器设有一对平行线圈51、52，该线圈51、52埋入密封块49中，从而每个线圈51、52的一部分暴露于密封块49的端面上。线圈51、52通过一连接部件连接到一电源上。
在密封块49上形成一槽58，该槽58位于两线圈51、52之间。该槽58沿密封块49延伸，并设计成用于当它伸展时容纳切割器31的前端。
线圈51、52分别形成一升起部分51′、52′，该升起部分51′、52′形成一第一压缩部分。该升起部分51′、52′向切割杆48延伸，并沿感应线圈51、52的纵向设置。
切割杆48设有成对的切割轨53、54。切割器31适于在限定于切割轨53、54之间的缝隙55中移动。
每个切割轨53、54设有沿切割轨延伸的一平衡元件或所谓垫盘56、57。每个平衡元件56、57安装在相应切割轨中的槽中。用平衡元件56、57将筒状包装材料11的密封区域S压实。为此，平衡元件56、57由具有一定程度可压缩性的橡胶材料制成。另外，每个平衡元件56、57具有一面向密封块49的前表面。如图5所示，每个平衡元件的前表面是平的或平面的。
密封块49连接到一电路或电压施加装置上，从而将由该电路产生的高频电压施加在感应器上。当在密封块49上施加高频电压时，在密封块49与包装材料中的铝箔之间形成一随高频电压而变化的电场。由此，在铝箔中产生一涡流电流，涡流电流的损失使铝箔产生热。
如上所述，在不包括切割操作的密封设备中，可能产生这种结构，其中一较大的平衡轨设有两个垫盘，从而产生相同对的密封区域S。图5中的平衡轨53、54然后可以仅制成一个平衡轨部件，从而沿图5中的点划线消除了切割缝隙55，并具有插入垫盘56、57的两个平行槽。
参照图4和5，根据本发明的平衡轨和垫盘可设置用于横向热密封。但根据本发明可以另外设想，使用本发明的平衡轨和垫盘适应密封设备和包装机，用于沿包装材料的管或封壳纵向热密封。
垫盘的结构、硬度和柔韧性对于包装件中横向密封的最后质量非常重要。此外，当密封操作中将热密封爪和平衡/切割爪压在一起时的相对运动，即密封爪压缩及爪的离合运动，是所产生的密封质量的其它重要因素。如上所述，塑料流动的程度和方向可通过调整这些参数而优化。特别是在无菌包装中，热塑材料应在密封区域中热熔，但不允许从密封区域朝向填充的产品流走。如果允许塑料流走，将由于树脂的外流而在密封区域S的外部形成塑料块，而密封区域中的粘结强度会由于在密封区域中热熔的少量塑料而不期望地下降。
另外，填充的产品应缓慢地从密封区和两平行密封区之间的区域挤压走。在无菌包装中特别重要的是，在两相邻密封区之间的区域中没有残留填充产品，包装件沿该两个相邻的密封区从管上切掉。从包装件的切割边缘伸出的包装材料中的残留食品，将促进真菌和细菌的生长，并在随后的运输过程中及商店中的处理和分配上产生卫生问题。此外，在包装机的密封单元中或环绕包装机的密封单元的过多食品的泄漏和滴落需要在包装工艺中进行额外的清洁和消毒程序。
因此包装件的横向密封此时制成两部分-在纵向设置的填充管中第一包装件的顶部密封和第二包装件的底部密封。
因此有两个平行的线圈，每个线圈具有一隆起，该隆起用于在横向密封的一侧产生折痕并用于从线状密封区中压掉所包装的食品。这两个带有隆起的感应线圈位于加热爪上，而用于抵消加热爪压力的、带垫盘的对应的一个或多个平衡轨，位于平衡爪上。在每个密封操作中，平衡爪和加热爪被压靠在一起，包装层压件位于其间，通过这种压力发生热熔。加热爪加热密封区域，从而在包装层压件的接触界面上将热密封塑料熔合在一起。随后，感应器被快速冷却，以将塑料保持在其熔合状态，可向前推动一刀片，以沿两平行密封区之间的区域将下部包装件切掉。
尽管本发明是特别针对感应热密封描述的，但本发明设有垫盘的平衡轨也可用于其它热密封技术，例如通过高频放射波(RF)或通过热对流密封进行热密封。一般来讲，低质量的密封是通过热对流密封获得的，因此对于需要非常高密封质量的无菌包装和密封工艺是不考虑的。多数情况下，热对流密封中的平衡/切割轨是由金属制成的。但对于某些用途，热对流密封中的密封质量还是可以通过使用本发明的由塑料材料制成的垫盘而得到改进。同样在RF密封及类似情况下，密封块可更换一块，用于提供高频放射，而平衡轨和垫盘部件基本上与感应密封中的相同。
参照图6a和6b，平衡轨61是由具有所需耐化学品和耐高温性能的工程或高性能塑料制成的。优选地，平衡轨由PPS、PA-11或PA-12制成，最优选地由加强的PPS制成。
垫盘62由具有所需机械、化学和热性能的TPE制成，如优选地PURTPE，聚醚嵌段酰胺或热塑聚烯烃弹性体，最优选地是PUR或聚醚嵌段酰胺TPE。
在本发明的范围内，可以设想不同截面结构的平衡轨和垫盘。因此可以考虑不同的包装尺寸、填充产品和包装材料，在各种情况下使平衡轨和垫盘的形状相对于彼此最优化。图6a和6b示出具有本发明可能的切割轨和垫盘结构的两个例子。
图7a和7b分别示意性描述了根据本发明的共注模铸工艺。
用于制造平衡轨的适当塑料，如优选地PA-11或PA-12，通过一注模单元71熔化并通过一第一注模入口72输送到一第一模型73，该第一模型73包括两个用于模铸平衡轨A的模型半部73a、73b。在塑料注模到模型73中及随后对熔化塑料的冷却和固化过程中，模型半部在闭合的位置放置在一起，即模型半部73a已经向附图的右侧朝注模单元和模型半部73b前进。注入的塑料固化到粘结在模型半部73a上的模制平衡轨A上。其上固定有模型半部73a的部分77朝下面的第二注模单元74、注模入口75及模型76转动一个步骤。相似地，适于制造垫盘的TPE塑料，如优选地PUR或聚醚嵌段酰胺，被熔化并由注入单元74输送和注入模型76中，而模型半部76a和76b在闭合位置放置在一起。平衡轨A现在设置有并附着到一注模模制的垫盘，从而产生一共同模制的部件B。共注模铸部件B保持固化并最终从共注模铸设备70上去除。由于模型73和76能够转动从而在两个注模单元71和74之间转换，模制步骤可以一个接一个地非常快速地完成，这使得平衡轨和垫盘的两种塑料通过热熔在它们之间的交界面粘结。
在平衡轨设有两个垫盘的情况下，增加了另一个共注入步骤，用于将第二个垫盘注入平衡轨的第二个槽中。
因此，上面描述的本发明提供了一个平衡轨以及一个平衡轨与一个垫盘的组合模块，该组合模块适用于在液体或流动产品的包装件的制作工艺中对层压包装材料进行热密封的密封设备，该密封设备具有相互面对设置并可在前进和收缩方向移动用于密封一包装件的至少一个密封爪和至少一个平衡爪，该平衡轨及平衡轨和垫盘的模块分别提供了一种简单而成本效率很高的方式，减少在包装过程中由于维修和更换磨损垫盘引起的生产间断时间并减少了由于平衡轨和垫盘的复杂结构而发生错误的危险。
此外，提供了制造本发明的平衡轨和垫盘的模块的方法，这使得能够成本高效地和可靠地在生产规模中制造如上所述的设有垫盘的平衡轨模块。

Claims (20)

1.一种适用于对包装液体或流动产品(12)的层压包装材料(11)进行热密封的设备(40；50)中的平衡轨(61；53，54)和至少一个垫盘(62；56，57)，所述垫盘设于所述平衡轨上，所述平衡轨与所述垫盘相结合，所述层压包装材料(11)包括芯层和外热密封层，其特征在于，上述平衡轨和上述垫盘每个用塑料材料制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的平衡轨(61)和垫盘(62)，其特征在于，上述平衡轨由具有较高耐化学品和耐10℃至90℃温度的工程塑料制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的平衡轨(61)和垫盘(62)，其特征在于，上述平衡轨由具有较高耐化学品和耐5℃至100℃温度的工程塑料制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的平衡轨(61)和垫盘(62)，其特征在于，上述平衡轨由具有较高耐化学品和耐0℃至110℃温度的工程塑料制成。
5.根据权利要求2所述的平衡轨(61)和垫盘(62)，其特征在于，上述平衡轨由具有较高耐化学品和耐10℃至90℃温度的聚酰胺或高性能塑料(HPP)制成。
6.根据权利要求3所述的平衡轨(61)和垫盘(62)，其特征在于，上述平衡轨由具有较高耐化学品和耐5℃至100℃温度的聚酰胺或高性能塑料(HPP)制成。
7.根据权利要求4所述的平衡轨(61)和垫盘(62)，其特征在于，上述平衡轨由具有较高耐化学品和耐0℃至110℃温度的聚酰胺或高性能塑料(HPP)制成。
8.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的平衡轨(61)和垫盘(62)，其特征在于，上述平衡轨由从包括下列各项的组中选择的塑料制成：聚酰胺(PA-11)，聚酰胺(PA-12)，聚丙烯酰胺(PAA)，聚亚苯基硫醚(PPS)，聚醚酮(PEK)，聚醚醚酮(PEEK)，聚芳基醚酮(PAEK)和聚醚醚酮酮(PEEKK)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的平衡轨(61)和垫盘(62)，其特征在于，上述平衡轨由包括上述塑料和重量比至多为50％的增强填加剂的合成物制成，该增强填加剂从包括下列各项的组中选择：玻璃纤维，玻璃球和铁粉。
10.根据权利要求1所述的平衡轨(61)和垫盘(62)，其特征在于，该垫盘由一热塑弹性体制成，该热塑弹性体具有在肖氏硬度70时至少20％的可压缩性，以及较高的耐化学品和耐10℃至90℃温度的性能。
11.根据权利要求1所述的平衡轨(61)和垫盘(62)，其特征在于，垫盘由从包括下列各项的组中选择：聚氨酯(PUR)，聚醚嵌段酰胺(PEBA)和热弹性聚烯烃(TPE-O)。
12.根据权利要求1所述的平衡轨(61)和垫盘(62)，其特征在于，该平衡轨由聚酰胺-11(PA-11)、聚酰胺-12(PA-12)制成，该垫盘由醚类聚氨酯(PUR)或聚醚嵌段酰胺(PEBA)制成。
13.根据权利要求1所述的平衡轨(61)和垫盘(62)，其特征在于，该平衡轨由增强聚亚苯基硫醚(PPS)制成，垫盘由醚类聚氨酯(PUR)制成。
14.根据权利要求1所述的平衡轨(61)和垫盘(62)，其特征在于，该平衡轨和该垫盘通过共注模铸工艺制成。
15.一种用于对包装液体或流动产品(12)的层压包装材料(11)进行热密封的设备(40；50)，其具有相互面对设置并可在前进和收缩方向上移动而密封该包装材料的一个密封爪(44b，45b)和一个平衡轨(44a，45a)，该平衡爪包括至少一个平衡轨(61；53，54)和沿每个平衡轨设置的至少一个垫盘(62；56，57)，其特征在于，上述平衡轨和上述垫盘由权利要求1限定。
16.一种密封/切割设备(40；50)，其具有相互面对设置并可在前进和收缩方向上移动而密封和切割一种包装材料(11)的相对部分的一个平衡轨(44a，45a、48)和一个热密封爪(44b，45b、49)，上述设备包括：
a)设置在上述平衡爪(44a，45a)中的一对平衡轨(53，54；61)；
b)一切割器(31)，该切割器(31)设置在平衡轨之间的一缝隙中，以在前进和收缩方向上移动，当前进时切割上述包装材料的相对部分；
c)沿相应平衡轨(53，54)设置的垫盘(56，57；62)；及
d)一对加热体(51，52)，该对加热体(51，52)设置在用于与垫盘配合而挤压和密封上述包装材料的相对部分的上述热密封爪(49)中，并在其间形成一槽(58)，从而当上述切割器前进时容纳上述切割器(31)的端部，
其中，上述平衡轨(53，54；61)和上述垫盘(56，57；62)分别由塑料材料制成。
17.一种用于包装液体或流动产品的包装机，其至少包括用于由层压包装材料形成包装件的装置，用于以上述产品填充该包装件的装置，及用于密封该包装件的装置，其包括根据权利要求15所述的密封设备。
18.一种用于包装液体或流动产品的包装机，其至少包括用于由层压包装材料形成包装件的装置，用于以上述产品填充该包装件的装置，及用于密封该包装件的装置，其包括根据权利要求16所述的密封设备。
19.一种制造平衡轨和垫盘的方法，其特征在于，上述平衡轨(61；A)和上述垫盘(62；B)分别由塑料材料注模而成并相互连接。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，上述平衡轨(61；A)和上述垫盘(62；B)在一共注模铸工艺(70)中由上述塑料材料连续注模而成，并通过熔化而相互连接。
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ITTO20020470A1 (it) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-01 Tetra Laval Holdings E Finance Ganascia di formatura per la realizzazione di una successione di confezioni sigillate a partire da un tubo di materiale di confezionamento i
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BRPI0415261A (pt) * 2003-10-14 2006-12-12 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance aparelho para encher embalagens e aparelho de selagem transversal
SE527028C2 (sv) * 2004-04-29 2005-12-06 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Mothåll och metod att framställa detta
ES2372874T3 (es) * 2007-06-28 2012-01-27 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Sa Un dispositivo de obturación por inducción para material de envase de obturación por calor para producir envases obturados de producto de alimentación vertibles.
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SE9900347D0 (sv) 1999-02-01
ID30035A (id) 2001-11-01
EP1156966A1 (en) 2001-11-28
KR100855432B1 (ko) 2008-09-01
UA73494C2 (en) 2005-08-15
HUP0105398A3 (en) 2002-12-28
ES2259999T3 (es) 2006-11-01
AU2837100A (en) 2000-08-18
HUP0105398A2 (hu) 2002-05-29
KR20010101898A (ko) 2001-11-15
US6725634B1 (en) 2004-04-27
SE9900347L (sv) 2000-08-02
RU2243136C2 (ru) 2004-12-27
BR0007903A (pt) 2001-12-18
CN1346323A (zh) 2002-04-24
WO2000044625A1 (en) 2000-08-03
DE60027139T2 (de) 2006-08-24
JP2002535211A (ja) 2002-10-22
EP1156966B1 (en) 2006-04-05
SE520532C2 (sv) 2003-07-22
ATE322427T1 (de) 2006-04-15
DE60027139D1 (de) 2006-05-18

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