CN100339484C - 含甘露糖的棕榈子粉 - Google Patents
含甘露糖的棕榈子粉 Download PDFInfo
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
通过甘露聚糖降解酶或酸性催化剂对棕榈子粉的作用而获得的含甘露糖的棕榈子粉。可通过应用资源极为丰富的棕榈子粉以高产率生产甘露糖。在有效地应用游离甘露糖时不一定需要提取方法,这样,可以未经处理而应用含所述降解产物的酶促处理的棕榈子粉。如果必要的话,可将它干燥或提取。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及作为饲料添加剂的含甘露糖的棕榈子粉,它有效地预防由细菌,特别是沙门氏菌(Salmonella)引起的感染。
现有技术
迄今,已知添加了甘露糖苷的饲料具有从喂食这种饲料的动物排泄沙门氏菌的效果(Poultly Science 1989 68 1357)。还已知,作为提取椰子油以后剩余的残渣生产的干椰子仁粉内富含甘露聚糖。有人提出了一种方法,其中,通过酶对含半乳甘露聚糖的物质(例如,干椰子仁粉)的作用生产了甘露糖或甘露糖-多糖(polisaccharides),而且其中,将它提取并通过喷雾干燥等来干燥(日本公开专利申请No.1995-236429,日本公开专利申请No.1996-173055)。
但是,作为干椰子仁粉的原料的大部分槟榔科植物都是野生的,它们的产量主要依赖于气候条件和收获该植物的农民的勤劳程度。当然,产量有可能降低,而价格就可能取决于这些情况一年一年地升高。
通过烟熏或者在阳光下放置而干燥收获的干椰子仁。熏干有时导致不充分的灭菌,它可能导致真菌毒素形成。此外,烟雾等的气味可能大为恶化牲畜的口味。
如上所述,用干椰子仁为原料生产甘露糖在供应方面使人们感到一些担心。在这些情况下,市场期待一种方法来稳定地以低价格提供作为饲料添加剂的甘露糖。
主要在马来西亚,自从二十世纪四十年代晚期以来,已经作为国家政策以行政方式管理棕榈的种植。结果,棕榈用地大到今天的2,000,000公顷。棕榈的果实被用作油的原料,它生产两种油:来自果肉部分的棕榈油和来自棕榈仁的棕榈仁油。用于本发明的棕榈子粉是作为从棕榈仁提取了油以后剩余的残渣或者作为进一步用溶剂提取油以后剩余的残渣而生产的,它的产量约为每年1,700,000吨(OilWorld 1999)。棕榈子粉的大部分用作牲畜的饲料或作为燃料。
然而,从它作为饲料的低消化性或低营养性以及它作为燃料的差燃烧性的角度来看,棕榈子粉作为工业废弃物的处理很难说能得到充分利用。已知来自槟榔科植物的粉(例如,干椰子仁粉或棕榈子粉等)中富含甘露聚糖。棕榈子粉含25~32%甘露聚糖,所以有望用作甘露糖或甘露寡糖的原料,但是几乎没有人开展关于上述实际利用含甘露糖的饲料的研究。仅仅公开的那些都是这样的研究,即,将棕榈子粉酶促降解而生产寡糖,再将这样获得的产品用于改善饲料的滋味(PCT/GB94/02802),于是,来自棕榈子粉的甘露糖有望具有消灭沙门氏菌的效果(British Poultry Science 1997 38 485-488),等等。
本发明人对棕榈子粉进行了酶促作用并且发现了,可生产意外大量的甘露糖(与应用干椰子仁粉为原料的常规方法比较)。于是完成了本发明。
发明概述
本发明致力于通过甘露聚糖降解酶或酸性催化剂对棕榈子粉的作用获得的含甘露糖的棕榈子粉,含所述棕榈子粉的饲料和生产这些产品的方法。
附图简述
图1示出了通过甘露聚糖降解酶对棕榈子粉和对干椰子仁粉的作用而生产的甘露糖量。
实施本发明的最佳方式
棕榈子粉是从主要在马来西亚、印度尼西亚和尼日利亚种植的油棕果实的胚乳(棕榈仁)提取油(棕榈仁油)以后余下的残渣,它被广泛用作含混合组分的饲料等等的原料。根据采油方法将棕榈子粉分为压榨的残渣(压榨过的棕榈子粉,油含量:6~12%)和利用溶剂从这种压榨的残渣进一步提取油以后余下的残渣(提取过的棕榈子粉,油含量:2%或更小),它们二者都可用于本发明。棕榈子粉包含约29~38wt%甘露聚糖,而且与干椰子仁粉一样,可通过水解生产大量甘露糖或它的寡糖。
任何种类的甘露聚糖降解酶都可应用,只要它降解棕榈仁甘露聚糖即可,例如,甘露聚糖酶、甘露糖苷酶、半纤维素酶等。而优选应用那些来自黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)和可商购的酶(例如,半纤维素酶GM“AMANO”/Amano Pharmaceutical(商品名),SumizymeACH/Shin Nihon Chemical(商品名),Cellulosin GM5/HankyuBioindustry(商品名),纤维素酶Y-NC/Yakult Pharmaceutical(商品名))。除了这些酶以外,还可应用可作为木聚糖酶或纤维素酶商购的具有所述水解活性的那些酶。
甘露聚糖降解酶在酶溶液中(其中,酶溶于/分散于水中)作用于棕榈子粉。此时,反应体系(棕榈子粉、甘露聚糖降解酶和水)中水含量的调节对于有效地引起反应是重要的。足量的水使棕榈子粉中的纤维良好地吸收水,于是酶溶液可轻易与棕榈子粉接触。为此,在100重量份棕榈子粉中需要添加50~1000重量份水。然而,比需要量更多的水将稀释酶的浓度,所以,这样不但降低了反应效率,还增大了进行干燥的干燥过程中干燥操作的费用。因此总体说来,往100重量份棕榈子粉中添加的适量水优选是100~500重量份、更优选是150~250重量份。
在引起反应的酶活性适宜温度下,将在所述水条件下配制的棕榈子粉、甘露聚糖降解酶和水的混合物放置,获得湿的组合物。由湿的组合物中反应时间而定,生产了各种量的甘露糖或甘露糖苷(甘露二糖(mannobiose)、甘露三糖、甘露寡糖)。当反应进行24~72小时时,100重量份原料棕榈子粉生产了至多约10~25重量份甘露糖,但这取决于应用的酶量。
当利用这样获得的甘露糖作为预防沙门氏菌感染的饲料添加剂时,可将它作为饲料提供而不用任何特定的提取。同时,反应后的棕榈子粉含相当量的水,所以当未经处理而分配和应用时,感觉到霉菌和真菌的生成。此时,可通过例如流化床干燥等方法来干燥棕榈子粉,使水含量等于或少于10%。此外,如果需要高度纯化的甘露糖作为精细化学品的原料,可用适当的催化剂(例如,水等)将它提取和纯化。
将参照本发明的实施例详细阐释本发明,但本发明不限于下述实施例。
(实施例1)
将1/60g(约167个单位)甘露聚糖酶(Cellulosin GM5/HankyuBioindustry(商品名))溶于20g水并与10g压榨过的棕榈子粉(油含量6.5%,水含量5.1%)混合。然后将混合物转入一个密闭容器,在60℃下保存使反应发生。同样,以干椰子仁粉代替棕榈子粉,使发生反应(作为对比)。反应后,按下列方法测定生产的甘露糖的量。准确称量约0.5g反应物,添加水至100ml的恒定体积。过滤该混合物而分离溶液相,例如如果需要的话,将它脱去蛋白质,接着用阴离子交换色谱法(设备:DX500,应用的柱;Carbo Pac PA1,检测器:脉冲电流检测器/所有这些都是Dionex产品)。获得的结果示于表1和图1中。与应用干椰子仁粉作底物的常规情况相比,生产的甘露糖量增加20~50%。
(表1)生产的甘露糖量与反应时间的关系
反应时间 | 生产的甘露糖量(对每种粉末的wt%) | |
棕榈子粉 | 干椰子仁粉 | |
24 | 12.52(%) | 10.49(%) |
48 | 18.24 | 13.59 |
72 | 19.93 | 13.68 |
表2示出了酶促处理72小时的粉末中产生的单糖组成比率。棕榈子粉比干椰子仁粉的降解产物具有更高的甘露糖比率。这说明,如果通过色谱柱法等从酶促处理的产物分离和纯化甘露糖,柱的负荷有望更轻,这是更优选的。
(表2)在酶促处理72小时的产物中产生的单糖组成(%)
阿拉伯糖 | 半乳糖 | 葡萄糖 | 木糖 | 甘露糖 | 果糖 | |
棕榈子粉 | 2.05 | 2.08 | 6.76 | 0 | 84.59 | 4.52 |
干椰子仁粉 | 0.42 | 0.40 | 13.15 | 0.15 | 65.66 | 20.23 |
Claims (7)
1.含1~30wt%甘露糖的棕榈子粉,其特征在于是通过甘露聚糖降解酶对棕榈子粉的作用而获得的。
2.权利要求1的含1~30wt%甘露糖的棕榈子粉,它被干燥了。
3.权利要求1的含1~30wt%甘露糖的棕榈子粉,其中,所述甘露聚糖降解酶来自曲霉属真菌。
4.权利要求1的含1~30wt%甘露糖的棕榈子粉,其中,至少一部分含于棕榈子粉中的甘露聚糖被降解了。
5.包含权利要求1~4任一项的含1~30wt%甘露糖的棕榈子粉的饲料。
6.一种生产含1~30wt%甘露糖的棕榈子粉的方法,其中,使甘露聚糖降解酶作用于棕榈子粉。
7.权利要求6的生产含1~30wt%甘露糖的棕榈子粉的方法,其中,使甘露聚糖降解酶溶液以相对于棕榈子粉为400wt%以下的量发生作用。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2001106956 | 2001-04-05 | ||
JP106956/2001 | 2001-04-05 |
Publications (2)
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CN1547612A CN1547612A (zh) | 2004-11-17 |
CN100339484C true CN100339484C (zh) | 2007-09-26 |
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US (1) | US6896918B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1373542B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2004524850A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100339484C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE435300T1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60232784D1 (zh) |
MY (1) | MY126226A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2002081724A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE60331767D1 (de) * | 2002-11-26 | 2010-04-29 | Fuji Oil Co Ltd | beta-1,4-MANNOBIOSE ENTHALTENDE ZUSAMMENSETZUNG |
NL1026501C2 (nl) * | 2004-06-25 | 2005-12-28 | Cooeperatie Cehave Landbouwbel | Werkwijze voor het enzymatisch behandelen van een plantaardig materiaal en het hierdoor verkregen plantaardige materiaal, evenals een werkwijze voor het bereiden van een voederproduct en het hierdoor verkregen voederproduct. |
BRPI0611535B1 (pt) | 2005-05-05 | 2021-11-30 | Sensient Flavors Inc | Método para processar células de levedura para produzir beta-glucanos e mananas |
US20060292264A1 (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2006-12-28 | Ql Agrobiosdn. Bhd. | Production of fermented palm kernel cake (PKC) |
WO2008062813A1 (fr) * | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-29 | Fuji Oil Company, Limited | Composition alimentaire contenant un mano-oligosaccharide |
MY173858A (en) * | 2007-12-07 | 2020-02-25 | Malaysian Palm Oil Board | An antimicrobial composition based on botanical extracts from oil palm vegetation liquor |
CN101248835B (zh) * | 2008-03-27 | 2011-04-20 | 长沙兴嘉天华农业开发有限公司 | 用酶降解棕榈粕、棕榈仁粕的方法 |
EP2110024A1 (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-10-21 | Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaires | An enzymatic pre-mixture against Gram negative bacteria colonization in the animal intestinal tract |
US9163050B2 (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2015-10-20 | Orochem Technologies, Inc. | Mannose production from palm kernel meal using simulated moving bed separation |
CN110841063A (zh) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-02-28 | 武汉新华扬生物股份有限公司 | 一种肉鸡高效抗艾美尔球虫组合物及其制备方法、应用 |
WO2022197241A1 (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2022-09-22 | Wilmar International Limited | A bacterial isolate and its use in the preparation of an enriched palm-based animal feed |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1995017103A1 (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-06-29 | Nutreco Nederland B.V. | The use of mannan-rich materials in feedstuffs |
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JP2000270890A (ja) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-10-03 | Unitika Ltd | マンノース又はマンノース含有飼料の製造方法 |
JP2001231951A (ja) | 2000-02-21 | 2001-08-28 | Okumura Yu-Ki Co Ltd | 遊技機の図柄表示方法 |
JP2001231591A (ja) * | 2000-02-28 | 2001-08-28 | Unitika Ltd | マンノース及び/又はマンノオリゴ糖の製造方法 |
JP2002060343A (ja) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-02-26 | Unitika Ltd | 糞尿消臭剤 |
MY127419A (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2006-11-30 | Fuji Oil Co Ltd | Method for producing meal containing mannose |
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2002
- 2002-03-28 AT AT02713232T patent/ATE435300T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-28 DE DE60232784T patent/DE60232784D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-28 WO PCT/JP2002/003094 patent/WO2002081724A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-03-28 JP JP2002580086A patent/JP2004524850A/ja active Pending
- 2002-03-28 EP EP02713232A patent/EP1373542B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-28 CN CNB028076915A patent/CN100339484C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-02 MY MYPI20021193A patent/MY126226A/en unknown
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Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1995017103A1 (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-06-29 | Nutreco Nederland B.V. | The use of mannan-rich materials in feedstuffs |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2002081724A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
EP1373542A1 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
JP2004524850A (ja) | 2004-08-19 |
EP1373542B1 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
US6896918B2 (en) | 2005-05-24 |
DE60232784D1 (de) | 2009-08-13 |
US20040151804A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
ATE435300T1 (de) | 2009-07-15 |
CN1547612A (zh) | 2004-11-17 |
MY126226A (en) | 2006-09-29 |
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