CA2101769A1 - Aminoacrylates and a process for their preparation - Google Patents

Aminoacrylates and a process for their preparation

Info

Publication number
CA2101769A1
CA2101769A1 CA002101769A CA2101769A CA2101769A1 CA 2101769 A1 CA2101769 A1 CA 2101769A1 CA 002101769 A CA002101769 A CA 002101769A CA 2101769 A CA2101769 A CA 2101769A CA 2101769 A1 CA2101769 A1 CA 2101769A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
molecular weight
component
weight
double bonds
ether
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002101769A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jurgen Meixner
Wolfgang Fischer
Christian Zwiener
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer AG
Original Assignee
Bayer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6464917&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=CA2101769(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Bayer AG filed Critical Bayer AG
Publication of CA2101769A1 publication Critical patent/CA2101769A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
    • C08G65/331—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C08G65/332—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing oxygen containing carboxyl groups, or halides, or esters thereof
    • C08G65/3322—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing oxygen containing carboxyl groups, or halides, or esters thereof acyclic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C227/04—Formation of amino groups in compounds containing carboxyl groups
    • C07C227/06—Formation of amino groups in compounds containing carboxyl groups by addition or substitution reactions, without increasing the number of carbon atoms in the carbon skeleton of the acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C229/06—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/10—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
    • C07C229/12—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings to carbon atoms of acyclic carbon skeletons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C229/06—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/10—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
    • C07C229/14—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings to carbon atoms of carbon skeletons containing rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C07C69/52—Esters of acyclic unsaturated carboxylic acids having the esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
    • C07C69/533—Monocarboxylic acid esters having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C07C69/54—Acrylic acid esters; Methacrylic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F299/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers
    • C08F299/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates
    • C08F299/022—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates from polycondensates with side or terminal unsaturations
    • C08F299/024—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates from polycondensates with side or terminal unsaturations the unsaturation being in acrylic or methacrylic groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
CA002101769A 1992-08-05 1993-08-02 Aminoacrylates and a process for their preparation Abandoned CA2101769A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4225921.5 1992-08-05
DE4225921A DE4225921A1 (de) 1992-08-05 1992-08-05 Aminoacrylate, ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2101769A1 true CA2101769A1 (en) 1994-02-06

Family

ID=6464917

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002101769A Abandoned CA2101769A1 (en) 1992-08-05 1993-08-02 Aminoacrylates and a process for their preparation

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5482649A (https=)
EP (1) EP0586849B1 (https=)
JP (1) JPH0687804A (https=)
AT (1) ATE129515T1 (https=)
CA (1) CA2101769A1 (https=)
DE (2) DE4225921A1 (https=)
DK (1) DK0586849T3 (https=)
ES (1) ES2080566T3 (https=)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101801916A (zh) * 2007-09-21 2010-08-11 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 支化的聚酯胺丙烯酸酯

Families Citing this family (54)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4343246A1 (de) * 1993-12-17 1995-06-22 Thera Ges Fuer Patente Prepolymere, daraus hergestellte radikalisch polymerisierbare Massen und deren Verwendung
DE19535936A1 (de) * 1995-09-27 1997-04-03 Basf Lacke & Farben Acryliertes Polyetherpolyol und dessen Verwendung für strahlenhärtbare Formulierungen
DE19543464A1 (de) 1995-11-22 1997-05-28 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von (Meth)acrylsäureestern
DE19625753C2 (de) * 1996-06-27 2000-05-18 Basf Coatings Ag Holzbeschichtungsfolie
US6517343B2 (en) 1997-09-26 2003-02-11 Arizona Chemical Company Coated candles and coating compositions
JP2004511537A (ja) * 2000-10-20 2004-04-15 ユ　セ　ベ　ソシエテ　アノニム 化合物、組成物及びプロセス
EP1314777A1 (en) * 2001-11-27 2003-05-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Pro-perfume compositions used in cleaning or fabric treatment products
CA2488226A1 (en) * 2002-06-11 2003-12-18 Basf Aktiengesellschaft (meth)acrylic esters of polyalkoxylated trimethylolpropane
CA2487030A1 (en) * 2002-06-11 2003-12-18 Basf Aktiengesellschaft (meth)acrylic esters of polyalkoxylated glycerine
JP2005532432A (ja) * 2002-06-11 2005-10-27 ビーエーエスエフ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト ポリアルコキシル化されたトリメチロールプロパンの（メタ）アクリルエステル
US20050124722A1 (en) * 2003-12-03 2005-06-09 Arthur Samuel D. Branched highly-functional monomers exhibiting low polymerization shrinkage
EP1731541A1 (en) * 2005-06-10 2006-12-13 Cytec Surface Specialties, S.A. Low extractable radiation curable compositions containing aminoacrylates
JP5570529B2 (ja) 2009-01-08 2014-08-13 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア 重合開始剤
JP5650196B2 (ja) 2009-03-24 2015-01-07 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアＢａｓｆ Ｓｅ 新規なオリゴ官能性の光開始剤
EP2236541A1 (en) 2009-03-25 2010-10-06 DSM IP Assets B.V. Polyesteramide macromolecule and composition comprising such a macromolecule.
JP5717718B2 (ja) 2009-03-30 2015-05-13 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアＢａｓｆ Ｓｅ 重合可能な組成物
JP5714008B2 (ja) 2009-07-30 2015-05-07 ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアＢａｓｆ Ｓｅ 高分子光開始剤
JP2011068783A (ja) 2009-09-25 2011-04-07 Fujifilm Corp インク組成物、及び、インクジェット記録方法
JP5937394B2 (ja) * 2012-03-23 2016-06-22 リケンテクノス株式会社 活性エネルギー線硬化性樹脂組成物
ITVA20120010A1 (it) 2012-05-03 2013-11-04 Lamberti Spa Alfa-dichetoni per fotopolimerizzazioni tramite led
WO2014060450A1 (en) 2012-10-19 2014-04-24 Basf Se Hybrid photoinitiators
ITVA20120041A1 (it) 2012-10-22 2014-04-23 Lamberti Spa 3-chetocumarine per fotopolimerizzazioni tramite led
WO2014064064A1 (en) 2012-10-23 2014-05-01 Basf Se Iminoxytriazines as radical generators
EP2935393A4 (en) 2012-12-18 2016-06-01 Basf Se SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS BASED ON NAPHTHALENDIIMIDE VINYLENE OLIGOTHIOPHENO VINYLENE POLYMERS
CN110845530A (zh) 2012-12-19 2020-02-28 Igm集团公司 双酰基次膦酸的衍生物、其制备及其作为光敏引发剂的用途
AU2014288876B2 (en) 2013-07-08 2018-11-22 IGM Group B.V Liquid bisacylphosphine oxide photoinitiator
JP6599446B2 (ja) 2014-05-30 2019-10-30 アイジーエム レシンス イタリア ソチエタ レスポンサビリタ リミタータ 多官能性アシルホスフィンオキシド光重合開始剤
CN107073759B (zh) 2014-11-04 2019-12-20 蓝宝迪有限公司 可光固化组合物
EP3353244B1 (en) 2015-12-02 2021-09-01 Sun Chemical Corporation Polymeric aminoacrylates
WO2017160784A1 (en) 2016-03-18 2017-09-21 Sun Chemical Corporation Energy curable compositions comprising polymeric aminoacrylates
WO2017174443A1 (de) * 2016-04-08 2017-10-12 Basf Se Trimethylolpropan-derivate
JP6526725B2 (ja) * 2017-01-11 2019-06-05 リケンテクノス株式会社 粘着剤組成物
EP3665162B1 (en) 2017-08-09 2025-04-16 IGM Group B.V. Multifunctional polymeric photoinitiators
US11466161B2 (en) 2017-12-11 2022-10-11 Igm Resins Italia S.R.L. Benzoyl-coumarin polymerizable photoinitiators
CN111601795B (zh) 2017-12-14 2024-03-19 意大利艾坚蒙树脂有限公司 水溶性3-香豆素酮
EP3539969A1 (en) 2018-03-14 2019-09-18 ETH Zurich Novel photo-initiators and their application
EP3539924A1 (en) 2018-03-14 2019-09-18 ETH Zurich Novel vinyl phosphines and photo-initiators obtainable therefrom
EP3847179A1 (en) 2018-09-07 2021-07-14 IGM Resins Italia S.r.l. Multifunctional bisacylphosphine oxide photoinitiators
JP7472429B2 (ja) 2018-12-28 2024-04-23 アイジーエム レシンス イタリア ソチエタ レスポンサビリタ リミタータ 光開始剤
EP4041719A1 (en) 2019-10-11 2022-08-17 IGM Resins Italia S.r.l. Coumarin glyoxylates for led photocuring
IT202000023815A1 (it) 2020-10-09 2022-04-09 Igm Resins Italia Srl Ketoquinolones as photonitiators
IT202100014885A1 (it) 2021-06-08 2022-12-08 Igm Resins Italia Srl Fotoiniziatori a base di silicio bifunzionali
IT202100025868A1 (it) 2021-10-08 2023-04-08 Igm Resins Italia Srl Nuovi fotoiniziatori
EP4482881A1 (en) 2022-02-24 2025-01-01 IGM Resins Italia S.r.l. Photoinitiators
EP4273200B1 (en) 2022-05-06 2026-03-25 IGM Group B.V. Photoinitiator package comprising specialised bisacylphosphine oxide photoinitiators and optical brightener sensitizers
US20250297109A1 (en) 2022-05-06 2025-09-25 Igm Group B. V. Photoinitiator package comprising phosphine oxide photoinitiators, oxazole-based sensitizers and amine additives
CN119137224A (zh) 2022-05-06 2024-12-13 Igm集团公司 包含氧化膦光引发剂、基于香豆素的敏化剂和胺添加剂的光引发剂包
KR20250088509A (ko) 2022-10-05 2025-06-17 아이지엠 레진스 이탈리아 에스.알.엘. 폴리머 (메트)아크릴레이트 광개시제
IT202300004737A1 (it) 2023-03-14 2024-09-14 Igm Resins Italia Srl Uso di fotoiniziatori specifici in un processo di fotopolimerizzazione utilizzando lunghezze d’onda combinate di luce a led
CN121646581A (zh) 2023-08-03 2026-03-10 意大利艾坚蒙树脂有限公司 10,11-二氢-5h-二苯并[b,f]氮杂䓬衍生物作为光聚合中的光引发剂用于光固化组合物
EP4534614B1 (en) 2023-10-02 2026-04-15 IGM Group B.V. Photoinitiator package comprising specialised bisacylphosphine oxide photoinitiators, further acylphosphine oxide photoinitiators and optical brightener sensitizers
IT202300028218A1 (it) 2023-12-28 2025-06-28 Igm Resins Italia Srl Nuova forma solida di bis(2,4,6-trimetilbenzoil)-n-ottilfosfina ossido
EP4579344A1 (en) 2023-12-29 2025-07-02 IGM Group B.V. Thioalkylcoumarin photosensitizers for photopolymerization
EP4578918A1 (en) 2023-12-29 2025-07-02 IGM Group B.V. Photosensitizers for photopolymerization

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3914165A (en) * 1972-09-18 1975-10-21 Desoto Inc Radiation curable non-gelled michael addition reaction products
US3844916A (en) * 1972-09-18 1974-10-29 Desoto Inc Radiation curable non-gelled michael addition reaction products
US3925349A (en) * 1972-09-18 1975-12-09 Desoto Inc Radiation curable non-gelled michael addition reaction products
DE3540464A1 (de) * 1985-11-14 1987-05-21 Polychemie Gmbh Reaktive bindemittel
DE3706355A1 (de) * 1987-02-27 1988-09-08 Basf Ag Additionsprodukte aus acrylaten und aminen sowie deren verwendung in strahlungshaertbaren massen
DE3836370A1 (de) * 1988-10-26 1990-05-17 Basf Lacke & Farben Verfahren zum beschichten von holz, holzwerkstoffen und papier

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101801916A (zh) * 2007-09-21 2010-08-11 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 支化的聚酯胺丙烯酸酯
CN101801916B (zh) * 2007-09-21 2015-09-09 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 支化的聚酯胺丙烯酸酯

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0586849A2 (de) 1994-03-16
ES2080566T3 (es) 1996-02-01
DK0586849T3 (da) 1996-01-22
ATE129515T1 (de) 1995-11-15
US5482649A (en) 1996-01-09
EP0586849A3 (https=) 1994-04-27
DE59300819D1 (de) 1995-11-30
EP0586849B1 (de) 1995-10-25
JPH0687804A (ja) 1994-03-29
DE4225921A1 (de) 1994-02-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5482649A (en) Aminoacrylates and a process for their preparation
EP0062807B1 (en) Radiation-hardenable diluents
EP0895530B1 (de) Bindemittel sowie deren verwendung in strahlenhärtbaren beschichtungsmitteln
EP2804849B1 (en) Amino photo-reactive binder
DE69026854T2 (de) Durch Strahlung härtbare Acrylatpolyester
EP2804914B1 (en) Photo-reactive binder
JPS63227553A (ja) アクリラート及びアミンから形成される付加生成物ならびに照射線硬可能の材料におけるその用途
CA2148531A1 (en) Preparation of radiation-curable acrylates
US5300615A (en) Polyurethanes containing acryloyl groups, a process for their preparation and their use as binders for coating compositions
US8334352B2 (en) Branched polyesteramine acrylate
CA2019867C (en) Polyesters containing acryloyl groups and a process for their production
KR100274584B1 (ko) 지환식 아크릴 모노머
CZ395898A3 (cs) Fotopolymerizovatelný polyesterový přípraveku a způsob jeho výroby
JP3046849B2 (ja) アミン基および尿素基を含有し、放射線照射により硬化可能のウレタンアクリラート化合物
US5510453A (en) Polymerizable, highly crosslinking lacquer binders and their use for the production of lacquers
US6500878B1 (en) Improving adhesion of acrylate resins
EP0006173A1 (de) Arylglyoxyloyloxyalkylacrylate, ihre Herstellung und Verwendung in photopolymerisierbaren Bindemitteln
CA2085396C (en) Aliphatic polyurethanes containing acryloyl groups and a process for their production
USRE37448E1 (en) Epoxy(meth)acrylates, a process for their production and their use as binders
JPH0625379A (ja) アクリロイル基含有脂肪族ポリウレタン及びその製造方法
CA2148879A1 (en) Process for the preparation of amine-modified epoxy (meth)acrylates
SK284440B6 (sk) Zmesi vytvrditeľné vplyvom UV - žiarenia a ich použitie
JPS5817555B2 (ja) 活性エネルギ−線硬化型粘着剤用組成物
EP0297696B1 (en) Rapid curing weather resistant epoxy coating
US6359082B1 (en) Process for the preparation of epoxy (meth) acrylates reacting epoxy compounds with anhydride and oh-functional (meth)acrylic-polyetherpolyol

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EEER Examination request
FZDE Discontinued