BR9611808A - Processos catalisados a complexo aperfeiçoado de móleculas de metal - Google Patents
Processos catalisados a complexo aperfeiçoado de móleculas de metalInfo
- Publication number
- BR9611808A BR9611808A BR9611808A BR9611808A BR9611808A BR 9611808 A BR9611808 A BR 9611808A BR 9611808 A BR9611808 A BR 9611808A BR 9611808 A BR9611808 A BR 9611808A BR 9611808 A BR9611808 A BR 9611808A
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- metal molecules
- improved complex
- processes catalyzed
- catalyzed
- processes
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6571—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6574—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
- C07F9/65746—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus the molecule containing more than one cyclic phosphorus atom
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0255—Phosphorus containing compounds
- B01J31/0257—Phosphorus acids or phosphorus acid esters
- B01J31/0259—Phosphorus acids or phosphorus acid esters comprising phosphorous acid (-ester) groups ((RO)P(OR')2) or the isomeric phosphonic acid (-ester) groups (R(R'O)2P=O), i.e. R= C, R'= C, H
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1845—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing phosphorus
- B01J31/185—Phosphites ((RO)3P), their isomeric phosphonates (R(RO)2P=O) and RO-substitution derivatives thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/40—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J31/4015—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals
- B01J31/4023—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/40—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J31/4015—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals
- B01J31/4023—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J31/4038—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper containing noble metals
- B01J31/4046—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper containing noble metals containing rhodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/40—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J31/4015—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals
- B01J31/4053—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals with recovery of phosphorous catalyst system constituents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/40—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J31/4015—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals
- B01J31/4061—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals involving membrane separation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/49—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C45/50—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/49—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C45/50—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
- C07C45/505—Asymmetric hydroformylation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/025—Purification; Separation; Stabilisation; Desodorisation of organo-phosphorus compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/32—Addition reactions to C=C or C-C triple bonds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/32—Addition reactions to C=C or C-C triple bonds
- B01J2231/321—Hydroformylation, metalformylation, carbonylation or hydroaminomethylation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/50—Redistribution or isomerisation reactions of C-C, C=C or C-C triple bonds
- B01J2231/52—Isomerisation reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/822—Rhodium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US876395P | 1995-12-06 | 1995-12-06 | |
US828495P | 1995-12-06 | 1995-12-06 | |
US828695P | 1995-12-06 | 1995-12-06 | |
US828995P | 1995-12-06 | 1995-12-06 | |
US08/757,740 US5767321A (en) | 1995-12-06 | 1996-11-26 | Metal-ligand complex catalyzed processes |
PCT/US1996/019412 WO1997020800A1 (en) | 1995-12-06 | 1996-12-05 | Improved metal-ligand complex catalyzed processes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
BR9611808A true BR9611808A (pt) | 1999-02-17 |
Family
ID=27533266
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
BR9611808A BR9611808A (pt) | 1995-12-06 | 1996-12-05 | Processos catalisados a complexo aperfeiçoado de móleculas de metal |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5767321A (pt) |
EP (1) | EP1019352B2 (pt) |
JP (1) | JP4050792B2 (pt) |
CN (1) | CN1078580C (pt) |
AU (1) | AU720249B2 (pt) |
BR (1) | BR9611808A (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2239618C (pt) |
CZ (1) | CZ174898A3 (pt) |
DE (1) | DE69630322T3 (pt) |
EA (1) | EA001502B1 (pt) |
MX (1) | MX9804076A (pt) |
PL (1) | PL327088A1 (pt) |
SK (1) | SK69298A3 (pt) |
WO (1) | WO1997020800A1 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3812095B2 (ja) * | 1997-10-28 | 2006-08-23 | 三菱化学株式会社 | アルデヒド類の製造方法及びこれに用いるビスホスファイト |
DE19852104A1 (de) * | 1998-11-12 | 2000-05-18 | Degussa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von ß-Hydroxyaldehyden |
DE10048301A1 (de) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-11 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Stabilisierung von Rhodiumkatalysatoren für die Hydroformylierung von Olefinen |
DE10220801A1 (de) * | 2002-05-10 | 2003-11-20 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Rhodium-katalysierten Hydroformylierung von Olefinen unter Reduzierung der Rhodiumverluste |
DE10349343A1 (de) * | 2003-10-23 | 2005-06-02 | Basf Ag | Stabilisierung von Hydroformylierungskatalysatoren auf Basis von Phosphoramiditliganden |
DE102004050935A1 (de) * | 2004-10-18 | 2006-04-20 | Basf Ag | Extraktion von Nickel(0)-Komplexen aus Nitrilgemischen mit verminderter Mulmbildung |
JP2008517995A (ja) * | 2004-10-27 | 2008-05-29 | ダニスコ エイ/エス | プロセス |
JP2006306815A (ja) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-11-09 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | アルデヒドの製造方法 |
DE102005042464A1 (de) * | 2005-09-07 | 2007-03-08 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Carbonylierungsverfahren unter Zusatz von sterisch gehinderten sekundären Aminen |
US8586800B2 (en) | 2009-10-16 | 2013-11-19 | Dow Technology Investments Llc | Gas phase hydroformylation process |
KR101346977B1 (ko) | 2010-06-04 | 2014-01-02 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 하이드로포르밀화 반응 부산물 제거용 장치 및 방법 |
US8884072B2 (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2014-11-11 | Dow Technology Investments Llc | Mitigation of fouling in hydroformylation processes by water addition |
SA112330271B1 (ar) * | 2011-04-18 | 2015-02-09 | داو تكنولوجى انفستمنتس ال ال سى | تخفيف التلوث في عمليات هيدروفورملة عن طريق إضافة الماء |
EP2797939B1 (de) | 2011-12-30 | 2018-10-31 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur reinigung von organischen diphosphitverbindungen |
RU2660899C2 (ru) | 2011-12-30 | 2018-07-11 | Басф Се | Кристаллический сольват и несольватированные формы 6,6'-[[3,3',5,5'-тетракис(1,1-диметилэтил)-[1,1'-бифенил]-2,2'-диил]бис(окси)]бис-дибензо[d,f][1,3,2]-диоксафосфепина |
US9174907B2 (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2015-11-03 | Dow Technology Investments Llc | Hydroformylation process |
MY176756A (en) | 2012-09-25 | 2020-08-21 | Dow Technology Investments Llc | Process for stabilizing a phosphite ligand against degradation |
JP5583879B1 (ja) * | 2012-11-09 | 2014-09-03 | 三井化学株式会社 | アルデヒド化合物の精製方法 |
KR102098429B1 (ko) * | 2012-12-06 | 2020-04-07 | 다우 테크놀로지 인베스트먼츠 엘엘씨. | 하이드로포밀화 방법 |
CN104045532B (zh) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-05-25 | 陶氏技术投资有限责任公司 | 加氢甲酰化方法 |
DE102013217166A1 (de) * | 2013-08-28 | 2015-03-05 | Evonik Industries Ag | Verfahren zur Hydroformylierung von ungesättigten Verbindungen durch SILP-Katalyse |
DE102013217174A1 (de) * | 2013-08-28 | 2015-03-05 | Evonik Industries Ag | Zusammensetzung und deren Verwendung in Verfahren zur Hydroformylierung von ungesättigten Verbindungen |
CN104513143A (zh) | 2013-09-26 | 2015-04-15 | 陶氏技术投资有限责任公司 | 加氢甲酰化方法 |
JP6560248B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-31 | 2019-08-14 | ダウ テクノロジー インベストメンツ リミティド ライアビリティー カンパニー | ヒドロホルミル化プロセス |
JP6694396B2 (ja) * | 2014-05-14 | 2020-05-13 | ダウ テクノロジー インベストメンツ リミティド ライアビリティー カンパニー | 安定化された有機リン化合物 |
CA2993161C (en) | 2015-07-28 | 2023-09-26 | Dow Technology Investments Llc | Method for the preparation of a stabilized organophosphorous compound solution |
KR20210013702A (ko) | 2018-05-30 | 2021-02-05 | 다우 테크놀로지 인베스트먼츠 엘엘씨. | 하이드로포밀화 공정에서 촉매의 탈활성화를 느리게 하고/하거나 테트라포스핀 리간드 사용을 느리게 하는 방법 |
CA3100779A1 (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2019-12-05 | Dow Technology Investments Llc | Methods of controlling hydroformylation processes |
CN112055614A (zh) | 2018-05-30 | 2020-12-08 | 陶氏技术投资有限责任公司 | 包括单膦、四膦配位体的组合的催化剂组合物和使用其的加氢甲酰化过程 |
EP3950063A4 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2022-11-30 | Kowa Company, Ltd. | NEW AZAINDOLE DERIVATIVE |
CN116997540A (zh) | 2021-03-31 | 2023-11-03 | 陶氏技术投资有限责任公司 | 加氢甲酰化方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US467306A (en) * | 1892-01-19 | Fence-making machine | ||
US3917661A (en) * | 1970-01-07 | 1975-11-04 | Union Carbide Corp | Hydroformylation of unsaturated organic compounds |
ATE16475T1 (de) * | 1982-06-11 | 1985-11-15 | Davy Mckee London | Hydroformylierungsverfahren. |
GB8334359D0 (en) † | 1983-12-23 | 1984-02-01 | Davy Mckee Ltd | Process |
EP0213693B1 (en) † | 1985-08-30 | 1991-08-21 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Photomask material |
US4668651A (en) † | 1985-09-05 | 1987-05-26 | Union Carbide Corporation | Transition metal complex catalyzed processes |
US5288918A (en) * | 1992-09-29 | 1994-02-22 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Hydroformylation process |
-
1996
- 1996-11-26 US US08/757,740 patent/US5767321A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-05 AU AU11477/97A patent/AU720249B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-12-05 JP JP52144597A patent/JP4050792B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-05 DE DE69630322T patent/DE69630322T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-05 CZ CZ981748A patent/CZ174898A3/cs unknown
- 1996-12-05 SK SK692-98A patent/SK69298A3/sk unknown
- 1996-12-05 EP EP96942907A patent/EP1019352B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-05 CN CN96198751A patent/CN1078580C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-05 PL PL96327088A patent/PL327088A1/xx unknown
- 1996-12-05 BR BR9611808A patent/BR9611808A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-05 WO PCT/US1996/019412 patent/WO1997020800A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-12-05 CA CA002239618A patent/CA2239618C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-05 EA EA199800515A patent/EA001502B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-05-22 MX MX9804076A patent/MX9804076A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EA001502B1 (ru) | 2001-04-23 |
EP1019352B2 (en) | 2009-08-12 |
US5767321A (en) | 1998-06-16 |
SK69298A3 (en) | 1999-03-12 |
EP1019352B1 (en) | 2003-10-08 |
JP2000501712A (ja) | 2000-02-15 |
DE69630322T2 (de) | 2004-07-29 |
CZ174898A3 (cs) | 1998-10-14 |
AU1147797A (en) | 1997-06-27 |
CA2239618C (en) | 2007-02-13 |
AU720249B2 (en) | 2000-05-25 |
CN1078580C (zh) | 2002-01-30 |
JP4050792B2 (ja) | 2008-02-20 |
MX9804076A (es) | 1998-09-30 |
DE69630322D1 (de) | 2003-11-13 |
WO1997020800A1 (en) | 1997-06-12 |
DE69630322T3 (de) | 2010-02-18 |
EP1019352A1 (en) | 2000-07-19 |
CN1203579A (zh) | 1998-12-30 |
EA199800515A1 (ru) | 1998-12-24 |
PL327088A1 (en) | 1998-11-23 |
CA2239618A1 (en) | 1997-06-12 |
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